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Electric Circuit Analysis: Natural Response of RL Circuits

This document summarizes the natural response of RL circuits. It explains that the natural response describes the behavior of an inductor or capacitor discharging through a circuit with no sources. RL and RC circuits are called first-order circuits because their voltages and currents are described by first-order differential equations. The natural response of an RL circuit occurs when the stored energy in the inductor is released through the resistor. Expressions are derived for the current through and voltage across an inductor in terms of the time constant of the circuit. An example problem demonstrates finding the time constant and using the derived expressions to solve for the current and voltage at a given time.

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Rizwan Ahmad
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95 views15 pages

Electric Circuit Analysis: Natural Response of RL Circuits

This document summarizes the natural response of RL circuits. It explains that the natural response describes the behavior of an inductor or capacitor discharging through a circuit with no sources. RL and RC circuits are called first-order circuits because their voltages and currents are described by first-order differential equations. The natural response of an RL circuit occurs when the stored energy in the inductor is released through the resistor. Expressions are derived for the current through and voltage across an inductor in terms of the time constant of the circuit. An example problem demonstrates finding the time constant and using the derived expressions to solve for the current and voltage at a given time.

Uploaded by

Rizwan Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electric Circuit Analysis

Natural response of RL Circuits


Natural Response

 It describes the “discharging” of inductors or


capacitors through a circuit having no dependent or
independent source.
 Since no external source is involved, thus termed as
“natural” response.
RL and RC Circuits

 A circuit that contains sources, resistors and an


inductor is called an RL circuit.
 A circuit that contains sources, resistors and a
capacitor is called an RC circuit.
Why called First-Order Circuits

RL and RC circuits are called first-order circuits


because their voltages and currents are described
by first-order differential equations.
Important to Remember

 Any first-order circuit can be reduced to a Thévenin (or


Norton) equivalent connected to either a single
equivalent inductor or capacitor. RTh

+
IN RN L VTh – C

 In steady state, an inductor behaves like a short circuit


 In steady state, a capacitor behaves like an open circuit
Natural & Step Response

 The natural response of an RL or RC circuit is


its behavior (i.e., current and voltage). In this case
stored energy in the inductor or capacitor is
released to the resistive part of the network
(containing no independent sources).

 The step response of an RL or RC circuit is its


behavior when a voltage or current source (step)
is applied to the circuit.
(Note: application of a DC voltage source or current source is
referred to as a “step”.)
Natural Response of an RL Circuit
 Consider the following circuit, for which the switch S1 is
closed S1
t=0 i +

Io L R v
–

 The current flowing in the inductor at t = 0 is Io


Solving for the Current (t  0)
 For switch S1 is open t > 0, the circuit reduces to

i +

L R v
–

 Applying KVL to the LR circuit


VS = VL + VR; Here as Vs  0 we get 0 = VL + VR
 So

Thus we get the following first order ODE for the circuit shown
Expression for Current through an Inductor
Expression for Current through an Inductor in
terms of Time Constant

Thus derived in the previous slide can be


written in terms of time constant as
Expression for Voltage in an RL Circuit

Replace with the expression of current


through and inductor

The above expression can be written in terms of time constant by using


RL Natural Response Example
Question: For the circuit shown.
(a) Find the value of time constant
(b) Find expressions for voltage and current in terms of
time t.
(c) Find the value of voltage and current at time t=0
RL Natural Response Example

(a) Solution: Value of time constant


RL Natural Response Example

(b) Solution: Expressions for voltage and


current in terms of time t.
RL Natural Response Example

(c) Solution:

When switch is closed, time t=0 ; = 0.008 A


Similarly,

When switch is closed, time t=0 ; = 1.6 V

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