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Inflection Morphology: Inflexion

Inflection morphology is the process of modifying words to express grammatical categories like tense, case, and number through changes in form rather than meaning. Derivational morphology creates new words by changing the part of speech or adding meaning through affixes or internal modifications. Named-entity recognition is the task of locating and classifying named entity mentions like person names, organizations, and locations in unstructured text.

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66 views4 pages

Inflection Morphology: Inflexion

Inflection morphology is the process of modifying words to express grammatical categories like tense, case, and number through changes in form rather than meaning. Derivational morphology creates new words by changing the part of speech or adding meaning through affixes or internal modifications. Named-entity recognition is the task of locating and classifying named entity mentions like person names, organizations, and locations in unstructured text.

Uploaded by

PranjalKothavade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Inflection Morphology

In morphology, inflection (or inflexion) is a process of word formation,[1] in which a


word is modified to express different grammatical categories such
as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, mood, animacy,
and definiteness.[2] The inflection of verbs is called conjugation, and one can refer to the
inflection
of nouns, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, determiners, participles, prepositions and post
positions, numerals, articles etc., as declension.

Derivatio
nal Morphology
Derivational morphology is defined as morphology that creates new
lexemes, either by changing the syntactic category (part of speech) of a
base or by adding substantial, non-grammatical meaning or both. On the
one hand, derivation may be distinguished from inflectional morphology,
which typically does not change category but rather modifies lexemes to fit
into various syntactic contexts; inflection typically expresses distinctions
like number, case, tense, aspect, person, among others. On the other
hand, derivation may be distinguished from compounding, which also
creates new lexemes, but by combining two or more bases rather than by
affixation, reduplication, subtraction, or internal modification of various
sorts. Although the distinctions are generally useful, in practice applying
them is not always easy.

Speech to text
Speech to text conversion is the process of converting spoken words into
written texts. This process is also often called speech recognition. Although
these terms are almost synonymous, Speech recognition is sometimes
used to describe the wider process of extracting meaning from speech,
i.e. speech understanding. The term voice recognition should be avoided
as it is often associated to the process of identifying a person from their
voice, i.e. speaker recognition.

How does it work?


All speech-to-text systems rely on at least two models: an acoustic model and
a language model. In addition large vocabulary systems use a pronunciation
model. It is important to understand that there is no such thing as a universal
speech recognizer. To get the best transcription quality, all of these models can be
specialized for a given language, dialect, application domain, type of speech, and
communication channel.

Like any other pattern recognition technology, speech recognition cannot be error
free. The speech transcript accuracy is highly dependent on the speaker, the style
of speech and the environmental conditions. Speech recognition is a harder
process than what people commonly think, even for a human being. Humans are
used to understanding speech, not to transcribing it, and only speech that is well
formulated can be transcribed without ambiguity.
From the user's point of view, a speech-to-text system can be categorized based
in its use: command and control, dialog system, text dictation, audio document
transcription, etc. Each use has specific requirements in terms of latency, memory
constraints, vocabulary size, and adaptive features.

Sentiment Analysis Explained


Sentiment Analysis is the process of determining whether a piece of writing is
positive, negative or neutral. A sentiment analysis system for text analysis
combines natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning techniques to
assign weighted sentiment scores to the entities, topics, themes and categories
within a sentence or phrase.

Sentiment analysis helps data analysts within large enterprises gauge public
opinion, conduct nuanced market research, monitor brand and product
reputation, and understand customer experiences. In addition, data analytics
companies often integrate third-party sentiment analysis APIs into their own
customer experience management, social media monitoring, or workforce
analytics platform, in order to deliver useful insights to their own customers.

Morphology with example


Morphology is the study of words. Morphemes are the minimal units of words
that have a meaning and cannot be subdivided further. There are two main types:
free and bound. Free morphemes can occur alone and bound morphemes must
occur with another morpheme. An example of a free morpheme is "bad", and an
example of a bound morpheme is "ly." It is bound because although it has
meaning, it cannot stand alone. It must be attached to another morpheme to
produce a word.

Free morpheme: bad


Bound morpheme: -ly
Word: badly

Named-entity recognition
Named-entity recognition (NER) (also known as entity identification, entity
chunking and entity extraction) is a subtask of information extraction that seeks
to locate and classify named entity mentions in unstructured text into pre-defined
categories such as the person names, organizations, locations, medical codes,
time expressions, quantities, monetary values, percentages, etc.
Most research on NER systems has been structured as taking an unannotated
block of text,

natural language processing


Natural language processing (NLP) is the ability of a computer program to
understand human language as it is spoken. NLP is a component of artificial
intelligence (AI).
The development of NLP applications is challenging because computers
traditionally require humans to "speak" to them in a programming language that
is precise, unambiguous and highly structured, or through a limited number of
clearly enunciated voice commands. Human speech, however, is not always
precise -- it is often ambiguous and the linguistic structure can depend on many
complex variables, including slang, regional dialects and social context.

Challenges associated with NLP


NLP has not yet been wholly perfected. For example, semantic analysis can still be
a challenge for NLP. Other difficulties include the fact that abstract use of
language is typically tricky for programs to understand. For instance, NLP does not
pick up sarcasm easily. These topics usually require the understanding of the
words being used and the context in which the way they are being used. As
another example, a sentence can change meaning depending on which word the
speaker puts stress on. NLP is also challenged by the fact that language, and the
way people use it, is continually changing.

Speech to Text. ...

1. Best Overall: Dragon Anywhere. ...


2. Best Assistant: Google Assistant. ...
3. Best for Transcription: Transcribe - Speech to Text. ...
4. Best for Long Recordings: Speechnotes - Speech to Text. ...
5. Best for Notes: Voice Notes. ...
6. Best for Messages: SpeechTexter - Speech to Text. ...
7. Best for Translation: iTranslate Converse.

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