1. There is no reason for you to be afraid of the storm.

MUST

1. You mustn’t be afraid of the storm.

2. The next film by Spielberg will probably be successful. COULD

2. The next film by Spielberg could be successful.

3. Mary is sometimes annoying. CAN

3. Mary can be annoying sometimes.

4. This is surely not Jennifer. She’s got longer hair. CAN

4. This cannot be Jennifer. She’s got longer hair.

5. Although travelling by train is more expensive, it is more comfortable than travelling by bus.
MAY

5. Travelling by train may be more expensive but it’s more comfortable than travelling by
bus.

6. Is it possible that she’ll agree to lend me her car? MAY

6. Do you think she may agree to lend me her car?

7. We shouldn’t have said anything about the contract, should we? OUGHT

7. We ought not to have said anything about the contract, should we?

8. In Saudi Arabia women mustn’t drive cars. ARE

8. In Saudi Arabia women are not allowed to drive cars.

9. Nobody has told him that it was unnecessary for him to come. HAVE

9. Nobody has told him that he need not have come.

10. In the end a neighbour was able to identify her. IDENTIFYING

10. In the end a neighbour succeeded in identifying her.

2. feladat

‘We are going to buy a new house, but I don’t think you …(1) tell anybody yet.’ ‘ Really? I’m so
excited, I …(2) wait. I have always wanted to live in a big city.’ ‘Who told you we were moving to a
bigger city? No, my dear, your father and I have decided to live in a peaceful little village.’ ‘You …(3)
kidding. The countryside is so boring. Besides, we …(4) find a good school for me. I mean if you still
care about me.’ ‘…(5) you please calm down? Nobody has forgotten about you. How …(6) we? There
is an excellent school nearby.’ ‘But you …(7) have decided without me and you …(8) have told me
about your secret plans earlier.’ ‘We wanted it to be a surprise. Remember when you were a little
baby, you …(9) in the garden all day … .’ ‘I am not a child anymore, but you …(10) accept it.’

1. C) should

2. B) can hardly

3. D) must be

4. A) may not be able to

5. C) Will

6. B) could

7. D) shouldn’t

8. B) might

9. A) would play

10. C) won’t

3. feladat

1. I wish you … there with us at the opening of the exhibition.

D) could have been

2. How ... known all this would happen?

A) could she have

3. … work on your own at home?

D) Would you be able to

4. We … find the village but we … find the hotel in it.

A) managed to//could hardly

5. Children … read much more and they … watch so much TV.

D) should//oughtn’t to

6. You … troubled coming here. You … telephoned instead.

B) needn’t have//could have

4. feladat

1. Rewrite these sentences without changing the word given so that the meaning stays the same.

1. Mr Roberts is very angry that the TV doesn’t work. WILL

2. It would be all the same if we went by bus. MIGHT

2. We might as well go by bus.

3. Ordinary citizens are now not afraid to speak out. DARE

3. Ordinary citizens now dare (to) speak out.

4. It’s funny that they worked at the same place and never talked to each other. SHOULD

4. It’s funny that they should have worked at the same place and they never talked to each
other.

5. Do you think it is possible that he is watching TV so late? COULD

5. Could he be watching TV so late?

6. For three minutes Helen thought something was wrong with the Lada. WORK

6. For three minutes Helen thought that the Lada would not work.

7. It’s not a good idea to talk about this on the phone. HAD

7. We had better not talk about this on the phone.

8. It’s certain that he got her address from Bridget. HAVE

8. He must have got her address from Bridget.

9. Nobody has told him that it was unnecessary for him to come. NOT

9. Nobody has told him that he need not have come.

10. I would have appreciated it if you had informed me about this earlier. MIGHT

10. You might have informed me about this earlier!

2. In the following sentences your task is to find the INCORRECT answer.

1. ‘Must you really leave so soon?’ ‘Yes because I … keep my guests waiting.’

B) needn’t

2. … you answer one question for me?

C) May

3. … , I think I can arrange this by myself.

C) I needn’t any help

A) need we

5. We ... be grateful if you ... consider the injuries suffered by our client.

D) would//should

6. The teacher said that we ... learn the poem for the next day.

C) have to

7. He ... have known everything about our private life.

A) mustn’t

8. A) Jasmin didn’t dare answer my question.

B) How dare you talk such nonsense!

C) Most big stores admit they daren’t to put prices up for fear of losing their customers.

D) She knew she would never dare to read the letter he had sent her.

9. I ... be able to pass the exam if I practise a bit more.

B) would

10. Let me tell you a few more advantages you ... realised before.

C) might have not

3. Fill in the gaps with the suitable modal auxiliary verb.

1. They must be aware of the dangers, ___ they? Mustn’t

2. ‘___ she be learning at such a late hour?’ ‘ I doubt it.’ Can/Could

3. They ___ have told me earlier even though I know it’s not their fault that they didn’t.
Could/Might/Should

4. ___ you run into Jane, give her this letter, please. Should

5. It’s strange that we ___ have stayed at the same hotel and never met each other. Should

6. He ought to marry soon, ___ he? Shouldn’t

7. You never listen, I ___ as well be talking to a brick wall. Might

8. If you ___ speak to me like that, I’ll just stand up and leave. Will

9. It’s typical of him that he ___ be late just when it’s a matter of life and death for us to get there.
Should
10. You’ll get used to it, she ___ criticize anybody any time. Will

1. In the following sentences decide whether the options given are possible. Be careful, sometimes
both options are correct.

1. He is the man that/– my sister got married to last year.

2. He said he was about to publish a book of poetry, that/which came as a shock to most of us.

3. It was in this room that/where we first met.

4. The man that/whom did nothing to avoid the accident was fined.

5. The most notable example is the relative pronoun that, which/– can only be used with a restrictive
relative clause.

6. Maggie was still looking after the jeweller whose name/the name of whom Sarah couldn’t
remember.

7. This is a period about that/which little is known.

8. I understood almost nothing of which/what he said.

9. The journalists have recorded everything/all that was said in this room.

10. I’ve got some super photos of you all, that/which I shall send on to you.

11. It is the most beautiful story that/– I have ever heard.

12. They always quarrel about who/whom uses the car.

13. Whoever/Those who brought her here must have known the place.

14. It caused damage to seven hundred homes, many/some of which will have to be demolished.

15. In large inner city schools, many of whose/which pupils are immigrants, pupils often need help in
order to survive.

2. Write A if only sentence A is correct; B if only sentence B; C if both and D, if neither of the two
sentences are correct.

1. A) All that happens in the play is based on fact.

B) All what happens in the play is based on fact.

2. A) My best friend, the car of whom was stolen some weeks ago, is getting used to buses and
trams.

B) My best friend, whose car was stolen some weeks ago, is getting used to buses and trams.

B
3. A) Who committed the crime is still not known.

B) Who does this exercise can be sure to have good marks at the exam.

4. A) She waved her left hand which was a way of saying good-bye.

B) She waved her left hand, what was a way of saying good-bye.

5. A) We provide English language tuition to people whose mother tongue is not English.

B) We provide English language tuition to people, whose mother tongue is not English.

3. Form one sentence by connecting the clauses.

1. John Donne was a famous metaphysical poet. He became ill. He told his doctor he would rather die
than drink milk to be cured.

1. When John Donne, (who was) a famous metaphysical poet, became ill; he told his doctor
he would rather die than drink milk to be cured.

2. He drank nothing at the party. It was a sign of weakness.

2. He drank nothing at the party, which was a sign of weakness.

3. There was a very tense moment. We stared at each other in this moment.

3. There was a very tense moment when we stared at each other.

4. He used to live in a house with a big garden. The house was in the suburbs.

4. He used to live in a big house with a big garden, which was in the suburbs.

5. The railway system was almost ready by 1870. It made it possible to deliver fresh products to the
markets.

5. The railway system, which made it possible to deliver fresh products to the markets, was
almost ready by 1870.
1. In the following sentences decide whether the options given are possible. Be careful, sometimes
both options are correct.

1. What/All we need is someone to liven things up.

2. All he did was go/going home to have a little rest.

3. You can trust me. I won’t tell him whatever we will/– agree on.

4. It/What was because the training had been so exhausting that he decided to go to bed early.

5. Do you remember the year that your brother was born –/in?

6. It is important to remember that whichever/whatever you are producing, it is the client that/who
pays.

7. Whoever/Who wishes may follow me.

8. The example given/The given example uses an independent and dependent clause.

9. Monday is the day on which/when the sponsor will entertain his major customers.

2. In the following questions you are supposed to find the WRONG answer.

1. There is no reason ... for you to leave now.

C) why

2. 1969 was ... Armstrong is said to have stepped on the Moon.

A) the year which

3. The competition is ... I couldn’t visit you.

B) the reason for

4. ... isn’t revealed now shall remain to be a secret forever.

A) All what

5. The young girl ... over there looks like my cousin.

D) is painting

6. ... I can always help you.

C) Whichever language you’ll choose

7. The Castle district, ... there are a lot of small restaurants and cafés, is popular with tourists.

D) the place which

8. Mrs Warren, … , is very kind.

9. My husband’s grandma was the first woman … in Hungary.

D) which did parachuting

10. There was only one short story ... by the author.

C) had not been published

3. Rewrite the following sentences without changing the word given so that the meaning stays the
same.

1. He was the first man who tried to sail around the world all alone. TO

1. He was the first man to try to sail around the earth all alone.

2. We got married in 1997. THAT

2. It was in 1997 that we got married.

3. It is absolutely pointless to wait for him to finish. WHATSOEVER

3. There is no point in waiting for him whatsoever.

4. It doesn’t matter which exercise you do. You may choose. WHICHEVER

4. You may choose whichever exercise you want to do.

5. Jen has written an essay about Colley Cibber. I don’t really know who he is. WHOEVER

5. Jen has written an article about Colley Cibber, whoever that may be.

6. It doesn’t matter how nice she is, she should still learn all the facts. HOWEVER

6. However nice she is/she may be, she should still learn all the facts.

7. The picture you’re looking at was drawn by my aunt. WHICH

7. The picture which you are looking at was drawn by my aunt.

8. I forced myself to enter the study whose door was wide open. WHICH

8. I forced myself to enter the study, the door of which was wide open.

9. He didn’t do anything but read the letter he had found on the table. ALL
9. All he did was read/to read the letter he had found on the table.

10. Physics, a subject that I don’t really understand, is very hard. WHICH SUBJECT

10. Physics, which subject I don’t really understand, is very hard.

4. In the last five sentences, four words or phrases have been underlined. You should choose the
word or phrase that is INCORRECT.

1. What I need is a long weekend when I can relax and go wherever I want to, with who I like.

2. Who knows a little bit about art ,a subject that is so difficult to talk about, soon realises that being
an artist is one of the most painful professions.

3. The reason that the eighteen-year-old girl sitting in the corner has said no to the boy which seems
disappointed is unknown.

4. I want to know everything about that Michelangelo, one of the greatest artists in history, was
inspired by.

5. They were the foxes that really meant danger for the peasants, that is, the people who worked in
the wheat fields of the village.