Expt Projectile Motion

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Cebu Institute of Technology - University Physics Laboratory Experiment No. 2
Projectile Motion  _____________________  ____________________
 NAME/COURSE/YEAR SECTION
 _____________________  ____________________
GROUP DATE I . OBJECTIVE
 
Analyze the motion of a projectile II. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS: Iron stand Launcher Metal Ball Steel tape III. THEORY An object launched into space without motive power of its own, which travels freely under the action of gravity and air resistance alone, is called a projectile or ballistic missile. If one body falls freely from rest at the same time that another object is projected horizontally from the same height, the two will strike the ground simultaneously. The first conclusion may be drawn from this experiment is that the downward acceleration of any projectile is the same as that of a freely falling body and takes place independently of its horizontal motion. Furthermore, an experimental measurement of time and distance shows that the horizontal velocity of projection continues unchanged and takes place independently of the vertical motion.
 
 In other words, a projectile carries out two motions independently: (1) A constant horizontal velocity, v, and (2) A vertically downward acceleration With an initial horizontal velocity, v, the horizontal distance x traveled is  proportional to the square of the time and is given by the equation: x = vt (1) As the body falls at the same time with an acceleration, g, the vertical distance h is  proportional to the square of the time and is given by h =
12
gt
2
 (2) Since the motion obeys the above formulas at the same time, the path traversed is a parabola. As a proof, (1) is solved first for t, then both sides of the equation are squared to obtain: t
2
 =
 (3) If we substitute (3) for 2 t in (2) we obtain h =
2
x
2
(4)
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For any specified value of the velocity, v, the terms in the parentheses are all constants and we may write y = kx
2
which is the equation of the parabolic path. Many missiles follow a parabolic path when projected into the air. Such is the case only for low-speed projections where the retarding force of air friction is negligible. For high-speed projectiles, the air continually slows the motion down and the path departs from a parabola. The higher the velocity, the greater the departure from a parabolic path. As a rule, the known factors concerning a given projectile are the initial velocity of a projectile, v, and the angle of projection, . The latter is always measured from the horizontal, and in the case of bullets and shells, the elevation angle,
θ
, of the gun. The factors to be calculated are: (1) time of flight; (2) maximum height reached; and (3) range attained. The time of flight of a projectile is the time required for the projectile to return to the same level from which it was fired. The maximum height or the summit is the greatest vertical distance reached by the projectile, as measured from the horizontal projection plane while the range is the horizontal distance from the point of projection to the point where the  projectile returns again to the projection plane. IV. METHOD: PART 1
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Ball fired horizontally from an elevated position
Figure 2.1
A ball is fired horizontally from an elevated position and its horizontal distance and vertical distance of fall are measured. From these distances the initial velocity, time to reach the ground, vertical velocity, and horizontal velocity, velocity of impact and angle of projection are computed. PART 2 Ball fired at an angle from the ground
Figure 2.2
A ball is fired at an angle from the ground and the ranges are measured. From the angle of projection and the range, the time of flight, maximum height reached and initial velocities are computed. V. PROCEDURE:
Part I. Elevated Body
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