IS 1893 Part 1 - 2016 PDF

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Hkkjrh; ekud IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
Indian Standard
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Criteria for Earthquake Resistant

Design of Structures
Part 1 General Provisions and Buildings
( Sixth Revision )
ICS 91.120.25
© BIS 2016
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BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
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MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI-110002
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Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee, CED 39
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Part 1) (Sixth Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division
Council.
India is prone to strong earthquake shaking, and hence earthquake resistant design is essential. The Committee
has considered an earthquake zoning map based on the maximum intensities at each location as recorded from
damage surveys after past earthquakes, taking into account,
a) known magnitudes and the known epicentres (see Annex A) assuming all other conditions as being
average; and
b) tectonics (see Annex B) and lithology (see Annex C) of each region.
The Seismic Zone Map (see Fig. 1) is broadly associated with 1964 MSK Intensity Scale (see Annex D) corresponding
to VI (or less), VII, VIII and IX (and above) for Seismic Zones II, III, IV and V, respectively. Seismic Zone Factors
for some important towns are given in Annex E.
Structures designed as per this standard are expected to sustain damage during strong earthquake ground shaking.
The provisions of this standard are intended for earthquake resistant design of only normal structures (without
energy dissipation devices or systems in-built). This standard provides the minimum design force for earthquake
resistant design of special structures (such as large and tall buildings, large and high dams, long-span bridges and
major industrial projects). Such projects require rigorous, site-specific investigation to arrive at more accurate
earthquake hazard assessment.
To control loss of life and property, base isolation or other advanced techniques may be adopted. Currently, the
Indian Standard is under formulation for design of such buildings; until the standard becomes available, specialist
literature should be consulted for design, detail, installation and maintenance of such buildings.
IS 1893 : 1962 Recommendations for earthquake resistant design of structures was first published in 1962, and
revised in 1966, 1970, 1975 and 1984. Further, in 2002, the Committee decided to present the provisions for different
types of structures in separate parts, to keep abreast with rapid developments and extensive research carried out
in earthquake-resistant design of various structures. Thus, IS 1893 was split into five parts. The other parts in the
series are:
Part 1 General provisions and buildings
Part 2 Liquid retaining tanks Elevated and ground supported
Part 3 Bridges and retaining walls
Part 4 Industrial structures, including stack-like structures
Part 5 Dams and embankments (to be formulated)
This standard (Part 1) contains general provisions on earthquake hazard assessment applicable to all buildings
and structures covered in Parts 2 to 5. Also, Part 1 contains provisions specific to earthquake-resistant design of
buildings. Unless stated otherwise, the provisions in Parts 2 to 5 are to be read necessarily in conjunction with the
general provisions as laid down in Part 1.
In this revision, the following changes have been included:
a) Design spectra are defined for natural period up to 6 s;
b) Same design response spectra are specified for all buildings, irrespective of the material of construction;
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN
OF STRUCTURES
PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS AND BUILDINGS
( Sixth Revision )
1 SCOPE IS No. Title
800 : 2007 Code of practice for general
1.1 This standard (Part 1) primarily deals with
construction in steel (second revision)
earthquake hazard assessment for earthquake-resistant
875 Code of practice for design loads
design of (1) buildings, (2) liquid retaining structures,
(other than earthquake) for buildings
(3) bridges, (4) embankments and retaining walls,
and structures:
(5) industrial and stack-like structures, and (6) concrete,
(Part 1 : 1987) Dead loads Unit weights of
masonry and earth dams. Also, this standard (Part 1)
building
deals with earthquake-resistant design of buildings;
material and stored materials (second
earthquake-resistant design of the other structures is
revision)
dealt with in Parts 2 to 5.
(Part 2 : 1987) Imposed loads (second revision)
1.2 All structures, like parking structures, security (Part 3 : 2015) Wind loads (third revision)
cabins and ancillary structures need to be designed for (Part 4 : 1987) Snow loads (second revision)
appropriate earthquake effects as per this standard. (Part 5 : 1987) Special loads and load combinations
(second revision)
1.3 Temporary elements, such as scaffolding and temporary
1343 : 2012 Code of practice for prestressed
excavations, need to be designed as per this standard.
concrete (second revision)
1.4 This standard does not deal with construction 1498 : 1970 Classification and identification of
features relating to earthquake-resistant buildings and soils for general engineering
other structures. For guidance on earthquake-resistant purposes (first revision)
construction of buildings, reference may be made to the 1888 : 1982 Method of load test on soils (second
latest revisions of the following Indian Standards: revision)
IS 4326, IS 13827, IS 13828, IS 13920, IS 13935 and 1893 Criteria for earthquake resistant design
IS 15988. of structures:
(Part 2) : 2014 Liquid retaining tanks
1.5 The provisions of this standard are applicable even
(Part 3) : 2014 Bridges and retaining walls
to critical and special structures, like nuclear power
(Part 4) : 2015 Industrial structures including stack-
plants, petroleum refinery plants and large dams. For
like structures (first revision)
such structures, additional requirements may be
1905 : 1987 Code of practice for structural use of
imposed based on special studies, such as site-specific
unreinforced masonry (third revision)
hazard assessment. In such cases, the earthquake
2131 : 1981 Method of standard penetration test
effects specified by this standard shall be taken as at
for soils (first revision)
least the minimum. 2809 : 1972 Glossary of terms and symbols relating
2 REFERENCES to soil engineering (first revision)
2810 : 1979 Glossary of terms relating to soil
The standards listed below contain provisions, which, dynamics (first revision)
through reference in this text, constitute provisions of 2974 Code of practice for design and cons-
this standard. At the time of publication, the editions truction of machine foundations:
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to (Part 1) : 1982 Foundation for reciprocating type
revision, and parties to agreements based on this machines
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility (Part 2) : 1980 F o u n d a t i o n s f o r i m p a c t type
of applying the most recent editions of the standards machines (Hammer foundations)
indicated below: (Part 3) : 1992 Foundations for rotary type machines
IS No. Title (Medium and high frequency)
456 : 2000 Code of practice for plain and (Part 4) : 1979 Foundations for rotary type
reinforced concrete (fourth revision) machines of low frequency
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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
IS No. Title 3.5 Design Horizontal Acceleration Coefficient (Ah)

(Part 5) : 1987 Foundations for impact machines It is a horizontal acceleration coefficient that shall be
other than hammer (Forging and used for design of structures.
stamping press, pig breaker, drop
3.6 Design Horizontal Force It is the horizontal
crusher and jolter)
seismic force prescribed by this standard that shall be
4326 : 2013 Earthquake resistant design and
used to design a structure.
construction of buildingsCode of
Practice (third revision) 3.7 Ductility It is the capacity of a structure (or its
6403 : 1981 Code of practice for determination of members) to undergo large inelastic deformations
bearing capacity of shallow without significant loss of strength or stiffness.
foundations (first revision) 3.8 Epicentre It is the geographical point on the
13827 : 1993 Improving earthquake resistance of surface of earth vertically above the point of origin of
earthen buildings Guidelines the earthquake.
13828 : 1993 Improving earthquake resistance of
low strength masonry buildings 3.9 Floor Response Spectrum It is the response
Guidelines spectrum (for a chosen material damping value) of the
13920 : 2016 Ductile design and detailing of time history of the shaking generated at a floor of a
reinforced concrete structures structure, when the structure is subjected to a given
subjected to seismic forces Code earthquake ground motion at its base.
of practice (first revision) 3.10 Importance Factor (I) It is a factor used to estimate
13935 : 1993 Repair and seismic strengthening of design seismic force depending on the functional use of
buildings Guidelines the structure, characterized by hazardous consequences
15988 : 2013 Seismic evaluation and of its failure, post-earthquake functional needs, historical
strengthening of existing reinforced value, or economic importance.
concrete building Guidelines
SP 7 : 2016 National Building Code of India: Part 6 3.11 Intensity of Earthquake It is the measure of the
(Part 6/Sec 4) Structural Design, Section 4 Masonry strength of ground shaking manifested at a place during
the earthquake, and is indicated by a roman capital
3 TERMINOLOGY numeral on the MSK scale of seismic intensity (see
Annex D).
For the purpose of this standard, definitions given
below shall apply to all structures, in general. For 3.12 Liquefaction It is a state primarily in saturated
definition of terms pertaining to soil mechanics and cohesionless soils wherein the effective shear strength is
soil dynamics, reference may be made to IS 2809 and reduced to negligible value for all engineering purposes,
IS 2810, and for definition of terms pertaining to loads, when the pore pressure approaches the total confining
reference may be made to IS 875 (Parts 1 to 5). pressure during earthquake shaking. In this condition,
the soil tends to behave like a fluid mass (see Annex F).
3.1 Closely-Spaced Modes Closely-spaced modes
of a structure are those of the natural modes of 3.13 Lithological Features Features that reflect the
oscillation of a structure, whose natural frequencies nature of the geological formation of the earths crust
differ from each other by 10 percent or less of the lower above bed rock characterized on the basis of structure,
frequency. mineralogical composition and grain size.
3.2 Critical Damping The damping beyond which 3.14 Modal Mass (Mk) in Mode (k) of a Structure It
the free vibration motion will not be oscillatory. is a part of the total seismic mass of the structure that
is effective in natural mode k of oscillation during
3.3 Damping The effect of internal friction, horizontal or vertical ground motion.
inelasticity of materials, slipping, sliding, etc, in
reducing the amplitude of oscillation; it is expressed as 3.15 Modal Participation Factor (Pk) in Mode (k) of a
a fraction of critical damping (see 3.2). Structure The amount by which natural mode k
contributes to overall oscillation of the structure during
3.4 Design Acceleration Spectrum Design horizontal or vertical earthquake ground motion. Since
acceleration spectrum refers to an average the amplitudes of mode shapes can be scaled arbitrarily,
smoothened graph of maximum acceleration as a the value of this factor depends on the scaling used
function of natural frequency or natural period of for defining mode shapes.
oscillation for a specified damping ratio for the
expected earthquake excitations at the base of a 3.16 Modes of Oscillation See 3.19.
single degree of freedom system. 3.17 Mode Shape Coefficient (φik) It is the spatial
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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
deformation pattern of oscillation along degree of design of structures subjected to earthquake ground
freedom i, when the structure is oscillating in its natural shaking; this value depends on the natural period of
mode k. A structure with N degrees of freedom oscillation of the structure and damping to be
possesses N natural periods and N associated natural considered in the design of the structure.
mode shapes. These natural mode shapes are together
3.24 Seismic Mass of a Floor It is the seismic weight
presented in the form of a mode shape matrix [φ], in
of the floor divided by acceleration due to gravity.
which each column represents one natural mode shape.
The element φik is called the mode shape coefficient 3.25 Seismic Mass of a Structure It is the seismic
associated with degree of freedom i, when the structure weight of a structure divided by acceleration due to
is oscillating in mode k. gravity.
3.18 Natural Period (Tk) in Mode (k) of Oscillation 3.26 Seismic Weight of a Floor (W) It is the sum of
The time taken (in second) by the structure to complete dead load of the floor, appropriate contributions of
one cycle of oscillation in its natural mode k of weights of columns, walls and any other permanent
oscillation. elements from the storeys above and below, finishes
and services, and appropriate amounts of specified
3.18.1 Fundamental Lateral Translational Natural
imposed load on the floor.
Period (T1) It is the longest time taken (in second)
by the structure to complete one cycle of oscillation in 3.27 Seismic Weight of a Structure (W) It is the
its lateral translational mode of oscillation in the sum of seismic weights of all floors.
considered direction of earthquake shaking. This mode 3.28 Seismic Zone Factor (Z) It is the value of peak
of oscillation is called the fundamental lateral ground acceleration considered by this standard for
translational natural mode of oscillation. A three- the design of structures located in each seismic zone.
dimensional model of a structure will have one such
fundamental lateral translational mode of oscillation 3.29 Time History Analysis It is an analysis of the
along each of the two orthogonal plan directions. dynamic response of the structure at each instant of
time, when its base is subjected to a specific ground
3.19 Normal Mode of Oscillation The mode of motion time history.
oscillation in which there are special undamped free
oscillations in which all points on the structure oscillate 4 SPECIAL TERMINOLOGY FOR BUILDINGS
harmonically at the same frequency (or period), such
4.1 The definitions given below shall apply for the
that all these points reach their individual maximum
purpose of earthquake resistant design of buildings,
responses simultaneously.
as enumerated in this standard.
3.20 Peak Ground Acceleration It is the maximum
4.2 Base It is the level at which inertia forces
acceleration of the ground in a given direction of ground
generated in the building are considered to be
shaking. Here, the acceleration refers to that of the
transferred to the ground through the foundation. For
horizontal motion, unless specified otherwise.
buildings with basements, it is considered at the
3.21 Response Reduction Factor (R) It is the factor bottommost basement level. For buildings resting on,
by which the base shear induced in a structure, if it
a) pile foundations, it is considered to be at the
were to remain elastic, is reduced to obtain the design
top of pile cap;
base shear. It depends on the perceived seismic damage
performance of the structure, characterized by ductile b) raft, it is considered to be at the top of raft;
or brittle deformations, redundancy in the structure, or and
overstrength inherent in the design process.
c) footings, it is considered to be at the top of
3.22 Response Spectrum It is the representation of the footing.
maximum responses of a spectrum of idealized single
For buildings with combined types of foundation, the
degree freedom systems of different natural periods
base is considered as the bottom-most level of the bases
but having the same damping, under the action of the
of the constituent individual foundations as per
same earthquake ground motion at their bases. The
definitions above.
response referred to here can be maximum absolute
acceleration, maximum relative velocity, or maximum 4.3 Base Dimension (d) It is the dimension (in metre)
relative displacement. of the base of the building along a direction of shaking.
3.23 Response Acceleration Coefficient of a Structure 4.4 Centre of Mass (CM) The point in the floor of a
(Sa/g) It is a factor denoting the normalized design building through which the resultant of the inertia force
acceleration spectrum value to be considered for the of the floor is considered to act during earthquake
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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
shaking. Unless otherwise stated, the inertia force In step-back buildings, it shall be taken as the average
considered is that associated with the horizontal of heights of all steps from the base, weighted with
shaking of the building. their corresponding floor areas. And, in buildings
founded on hill slopes, it shall be taken as the height of
4.5 Centre of Resistance (CR) the roof from the top of the highest footing level or pile
4.5.1 For Single Storey Buildings It is the point on cap level.
the roof of a building through which when the resultant 4.11 Horizontal Bracing System It is a horizontal
internal resistance acts, the building undergoes, truss system that serves the same function as a
a) pure translation in the horizontal direction; diaphragm.
and 4.12 Joints These are portions of columns that are
b) no twist about vertical axis passing through common to beams/braces and columns, which frame
the CR. into columns.
4.5.2 For Multi-Storey Buildings It is the set of 4.13 Lateral Force Resisting System It is part of
points on the horizontal floors of a multi-storey building the structural system, and consists of all structural
through which, when the resultant incremental internal members that resist lateral inertia forces induced in the
resistances across those floors act, all floors of the building during earthquake shaking.
building undergo, 4.14 Moment-Resisting Frame It is an assembly of
a) pure translation in the horizontal direction; beams and columns that resist induced and externally
and applied forces primarily by flexure.
b) no twist about vertical axis passing through 4.14.1 Ordinary Moment-Resisting Frame (OMRF)
the CR. It is a moment-resisting frame designed and detailed as
per IS 456 or IS 800, but not meeting special detailing
4.6 Eccentricity requirements for ductile behaviour as per IS 13920 or
IS 800, respectively.
4.6.1 Design Eccentricity (edi) It is the value of
eccentricity to be used for floor i in calculations of 4.14.2 Special Moment-Resisting Frame (SMRF) It
design torsion effects. is a moment-resisting frame designed and detailed as
per IS 456 or IS 800, and meeting special detailing
4.6.2 Static Eccentricity (e si) It is the distance
requirements for ductile behaviour as per IS 13920 or
between centre of mass (CM) and centre of resistance
IS 800, respectively.
(CR) of floor i.
4.15 Number of Storeys (n) It is the number of levels
4.7 Design Seismic Base Shear (VB) It is the horizontal
of a building above the base at which mass is present
lateral force in the considered direction of earthquake
in substantive amounts. This,
shaking that the structure shall be designed for.
a) excludes the basement storeys, where
4.8 Diaphragm It is a horizontal or nearly horizontal
basement walls are connected with the ground
structural system (for example, reinforced concrete
floor deck or fitted between the building
floors and horizontal bracing systems), which transmits
columns; and
lateral forces to vertical elements connected to it.
b) includes the basement storeys, when they are
4.9 Height of Floor (hi) It is the difference in vertical
not so connected.
elevations (in metre) of the base of the building and
top of floor i of the building. 4.16 Core Structural Walls, Perimeter Columns,
Outriggers and Belt Truss System It is a structural
4.10 Height of Building (h) It is the height of building
system comprising of a core of structural walls and
(in metre) from its base to top of roof level,
perimeter columns, resisting the vertical and lateral
a) excluding the height of basement storeys, if loads, with
basement walls are connected with the ground
a) the core structural walls connected to select
floor slab or basement walls are fitted between
perimeter column element(s) (often termed
the building columns, but
outrigged columns) by deep beam elements,
b) including the height of basement storeys, if known as outriggers, at discrete locations
basement walls are not connected with the along the height of the building; and
ground floor slab and basement walls are not b) the outrigged columns connected by deep
fitted between the building columns. beam elements (often known as belt truss),
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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
typically at the same level as the outrigger 4.23 Storey Lateral Shear Strength (Si) It is the
elements. total lateral strength of all lateral force resisting
elements in the storey considered in a principal plan
A structure with this structural system has enhanced
direction of the building.
lateral stiffness, wherein core structural walls and
perimeter columns are mobilized to act with each other 4.24 Storey Lateral Translational Stiffness (Ki) It
through the outriggers, and the perimeter columns is the total lateral translational stiffness of all lateral
themselves through the belt truss. The global lateral force resisting elements in the storey considered in a
stiffness is sensitive to: flexural stiffness of the core principal plan direction of the building.
element, the flexural stiffness of the outrigger
4.25 RC Structural Wall Plan Density (ρsw) It is
element(s), the axial stiffness of the outrigged
the ratio of the cross-sectional area at the plinth level
column(s), and the flexural stiffness of the outrigger
of RC structural walls resisting the lateral load and the
elements connecting the core structural walls to the
plinth of the building, expressed as a percentage.
perimeter columns.
4.17 Principal Plan Axes These are two mutually 5 SYMBOLS
perpendicular horizontal directions in plan of a building The symbols and notations given below apply to the
along which the geometry of the building is oriented. provisions of this standard:
4.18 P-∆∆ Effect It is the secondary effect on shear Ah Design horizontal earthquake acceleration
forces and bending moments of lateral force resisting coefficient
elements generated under the action of the vertical
Ak Design horizontal earthquake acceleration
loads, interacting with the lateral displacement of
spectrum value for mode k of oscillation
building resulting from seismic effects.
bi Plan dimension of floor i of the building,
4.19 RC Structural Wall It is a wall designed to perpendicular to direction of earthquake
resist lateral forces acting in its own plane. shaking
4.19.1 Ordinary RC Structural Wall It is a reinforced C Index for the closely-spaced modes
concrete (RC) structural wall designed and detailed as d Base dimension (in metre) of the building in
per IS 456, but not meeting special detailing the direction in which the earthquake
requirements for ductile behaviour as per IS 13920. shaking is considered
4.19.2 Special RC Structural Wall It is a RC DL Response quantity due to dead load
structural wall designed and detailed as per IS 13920, e di Design eccentricity to be used at floor i
and meeting special detailing requirements for ductile calculated as per 7.8.2
behaviour as per IS 13920.
e si Static eccentricity at floor i defined as the
4.20 Storey It is the space between two adjacent distance between centre of mass and centre
floors. of resistance
4.20.1 Soft Storey It is one in which the lateral ELX Response quantity due to earthquake load
stiffness is less than that in the storey above. The storey for horizontal shaking along X-direction
lateral stiffness is the total stiffness of all seismic force ELY Response quantity due to earthquake load
resisting elements resisting lateral earthquake shaking for horizontal shaking along Y-direction
effects in the considered direction.
ELZ Response quantity due to earthquake load
4.20.2 Weak Storey It is one in which the storey for horizontal shaking along Z-direction
lateral strength [cumulative design shear strength of Froof Design lateral forces at the roof due to all
all structural members other than that of unreinforced modes considered
masonry (URM) infills] is less than that in the storey
Fi Design lateral forces at the floor i due to all
above. The storey lateral strength is the total strength
modes considered
of all seismic force resisting elements sharing the lateral
storey shear in the considered direction. g Acceleration due to gravity
4.21 Storey Drift It is the relative displacement h Height (in metre) of structure
between the floors above and/or below the storey under hi Height measured from the base of the
consideration. building to floor i
4.22 Storey Shear (Vi) It is the sum of design lateral I Importance factor
forces at all levels above the storey i under IL Response quantity due to imposed load
consideration. Ki Lateral translational stiffness of storey i
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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
L Dimension of a building in a considered 6 GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND DESIGN

direction CRITERIA
Mk Modal mass of mode k 6.1 General Principles
n Number of storeys or floors 6.1.1 Ground Motion
N Corrected SPT value for soil The characteristics (intensity, duration, frequency
Nm Number of modes to be considered as content, etc) of seismic ground vibrations expected at
per 7.7.5.2 any site depend on magnitude of earthquake, its focal
Pk Mode participation factor of mode k depth, epicentral distance, characteristics of the path
through which the seismic waves travel, and soil strata
Qi Lateral force at floor i
on which the structure is founded. The random
Qik Design lateral force at floor i in mode k earthquake ground motions, which cause the structure
R Response reduction factor to oscillate, can be resolved in any three mutually
Sa/g Design / Response acceleration coefficient perpendicular directions. The predominant direction of
for rock or soil sites as given by Fig. 2 ground vibration is usually horizontal.
and 6.4.2 based on appropriate natural period Effects of earthquake-induced vertical shaking can be
Si Lateral shear strength of storey i significant for overall stability analysis of structures,
especially in structures (a) with large spans, and
T Undamped natural period of oscillation of
(b) those in which stability is a criterion for design.
the structure (in second)
Reduction in gravity force due to vertical ground
Ta Approximate fundamental period (in second) motions can be detrimental particularly in prestressed
Tk Undamped natural period of mode k of horizontal members, cantilevered members and gravity
oscillation (in second) structures. Hence, special attention shall be paid to
T1 Fundamental natural period of oscillation (in effects of vertical ground motion on prestressed or
second) cantilevered beams, girders and slabs.
VB Design seismic base shear 6.1.2 The response of a structure to ground vibrations
depends on (a) type of foundation; (b) materials, form,
VB Design base shear calculated using the size and mode of construction of structures; and
approximate fundamental period Ta (c) duration and characteristics of ground motion. This
Vi Peak storey shear force in storey i due to all standard specifies design forces for structures founded
modes considered on rocks or soils, which do not settle, liquefy or slide
due to loss of strength during earthquake ground
Vik Shear force in storey i in mode k
vibrations.
Vroof Peak storey shear force in the top storey
due to all modes considered 6.1.3 Actual forces that appear on structures during
earthquakes are much higher than the design forces
W Seismic weight of the building specified in the standard. Ductility arising from inelastic
Wi Seismic weight of floor i material behaviour with appropriate design and
Z Seismic zone factor detailing, and overstrength resulting from the additional
φik Mode shape coefficient at floor i in mode k reserve strength in structures over and above the
design strength are relied upon for the deficit in actual
λ Peak response (for example, member forces, and design lateral loads. In other words, earthquake
displacements, storey forces, storey shears resistant design as per this standard relies on inelastic
or base reactions) due to all modes considered behaviour of structures. But, the maximum ductility that
λk Absolute value of maximum response in can be realized in structures is limited. Therefore,
mode k structures shall be designed for at least the minimum
λc Absolute value of maximum response in design lateral force specified in this standard.
mode c, where mode c is a closely-spaced 6.1.4 Members and connections of reinforced and
mode prestressed concrete structures shall be designed (as
λ* Peak response due to the closely-spaced per IS 456 and IS 1343) such that premature failure does
modes only not occur due to shear or bond. Some provisions for
ρ ji Coefficient used in complete quadratic appropriate ductile detailing of RC members are given
combination (CQC) method while combining in IS 13920. Members and their connections of steel
responses of modes i and j structures should be so proportioned that high ductility
is obtained in the structure, avoiding premature failure
ωi Circular frequency (in rad/s) in mode i
due to elastic or inelastic buckling of any type. Some
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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
provisions for appropriate ductile detailing of steel irregular, consisting of several frequencies and
members are given in IS 800. of varying amplitudes each lasting for a small
duration. Therefore, usually, resonance of the
6.1.5 The soil-structure interaction refers to effects of
type as visualized under steady-state
the flexibility of supporting soil-foundation system on
sinusoidal excitations will not occur, as it would
the response of structure. Soil-structure interaction may
need time to build up such amplitudes. But,
not be considered in the seismic analysis of structures
there are exceptions where resonance-like
supported on rock or rock-like material at shallow depth.
conditions have been seen to occur between
6.1.6 Equipment and other systems, which are long distance waves and tall structures
supported at various floor levels of a structure, will be founded on deep soft soils.
subjected to different motions at their support points.
b) Earthquake is not likely to occur
In such cases, it may be necessary to obtain floor
simultaneously with high wind, maximum flood
response spectra for design of equipment and its
or maximum sea waves.
supports. For details, reference may be made to IS 1893
(Part 4). c) The values of elastic modulus of materials,
wherever required, will be taken as for static
6.1.7 Additions to Existing Structures
analysis, unless more definite values are
Additions shall be made to existing structures only as available for use in dynamic conditions [see
follows: IS 456, IS 800, IS 1343, IS 1905 and IS 2974
(Parts 1 to 5)].
a) An addition that is structurally independent
from an existing structure shall be designed 6.3 Load Combinations and Increase in Permissible
and constructed in accordance with the Stresses
seismic requirements for new structures.
6.3.1 Load Combinations
b) An addition that is structurally connected to
an existing structure shall be designed and The load combinations shall be considered as specified
constructed such that the entire structure in respective standards due to all load effects mentioned
conforms to the seismic force resistance therein. In addition, those specified in this standard
requirements for new structures, unless the shall be applicable, which include earthquake effects.
following three conditions are complied with: 6.3.1.1 Even when load combinations that do not
1) Addition shall comply with the contain earthquake effects, indicate larger demands
requirements for new structures, than combinations including them, the provisions shall
be adopted related to design, ductile detailing and
2) Addition shall not increase the seismic
construction relevant for earthquake conditions, which
forces in any structural element of the
are given in this standard, IS 13920 and IS 800.
existing structures by more than
5 percent, unless the capacity of the 6.3.2 Design Horizontal Earthquake Load
element subject to the increased force is
6.3.2.1 When lateral load resisting elements are oriented
still in compliance with this standard, and
along two mutually orthogonal horizontal directions,
3) Addition shall not decrease the seismic
structure shall be designed for effects due to full design
resistance of any structural element of the
earthquake load in one horizontal direction at a time,
existing structure unless reduced
and not in both directions simultaneously.
resistance is equal to or greater than that
required for new structures. 6.3.2.2 When lateral load resisting elements are not
oriented along mutually orthogonal horizontal
6.1.8 Change in Occupancy
directions [as per 7.1 and Table 5(e)], structure shall be
When a change of occupancy results in a structure being designed for the simultaneous effects due to full design
re-classified to a higher importance factor (I), the structure earthquake load in one horizontal direction plus
shall conform to seismic requirements laid down for new 30 percent of design earthquake load along the other
structures with the higher importance factor. horizontal direction. Thus, structure should be designed
for the following sets of combinations of earthquake
6.2 Assumptions effects:
The following assumptions shall be made in the a) ± ELX ± 0.3 ELY, and
earthquake-resistant design of structures: b) ± 0.3 ELX ± ELY,
a) Earthquake ground motions are complex and where X and Y are two orthogonal horizontal plan
7
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
directions. Thus, EL in the load combinations given in 0.3 ELZ), (ELY ± 0.3 ELZ ± 0.3 ELX) or (ELZ ± 0.3 ELX ±
6.3.1 shall be replaced by (ELX ± 0.3 ELY) or (ELY ± 0.3 ELY,). This implies that the sets of load combinations
0.3 ELX). Hence, the sets of load combinations to be involving earthquake effects to be considered shall be
considered shall be as given below: as given below:
1) 1.2 [DL + IL ± (ELX ± 0.3 ELY)] and 1) 1.2 [DL + IL ± (ELX ± 0.3 ELY ± 0.3 ELZ)] and
1.2 [DL + IL ± (ELY ± 0.3 ELX)];
1.2 [DL + IL ± (ELY ± 0.3 ELX ± 0.3 ELZ)];
2) 1.5 [DL ± (ELX ± 0.3 ELY)] and
2) 1.5 [DL ± (ELX ± 0.3 ELY ± 0.3 ELZ)] and
1.5 [DL ± (ELY ± 0.3 ELX)]; and
1.5 [DL ± (ELY ± 0.3 ELX ± 0.3 ELZ)]; and
3) 0.9 DL ± 1.5 (ELX ± 0.3 ELY) and
0.9 DL ± 1.5 (ELY ± 0.3 ELX). 3) 0.9 DL ± 1.5 (ELX ± 0.3 ELY ± 0.3 ELZ) and
6.3.3 Design Vertical Earthquake Effects 0.9 DL ± 1.5 (ELY ± 0.3 ELX ± 0.3 ELZ).
6.3.3.1 Effects due to vertical earthquake shaking shall 6.3.4.2 As an alternative to the procedure in 6.3.4.1,
be considered when any of the following conditions the net response (EL) due to the combined effect of the
apply: three components can be obtained by:
a) Structure is located in Seismic Zone IV or V;
( ELX ) + ( ELY ) + ( ELZ )
2 2 2
EL =
b) Structure has vertical or plan irregularities;
c) Structure is rested on soft soil; Caution may be exercised on loss of sign especially of
the axial force, shear force and bending moment
d) Bridges; quantities, when this procedure is used; it can lead to
e) Structure has long spans; or grossly uneconomical design of structures.
f) Structure has large horizontal overhangs of 6.3.4.3 Procedure for combining shaking effects given
structural members or sub-systems. by 6.3.4.1 and 6.3.4.2 apply to the same response
quantity (say, bending moment in a column about its
6.3.3.2 When effects due to vertical earthquake shaking major axis, or storey shear force in a frame) due to
are to be considered, the design vertical force shall be different components of the ground motion.
calculated for vertical ground motion as detailed in 6.4.6.
6.3.4.4 When components corresponding to only two
6.3.3.3 Where both horizontal and vertical seismic ground motion components (say one horizontal and
forces are taken into account, load combination one vertical, or only two horizontal) are combined, the
specified in 6.3.4 shall be considered. equations in 6.3.4.1 and 6.3.4.2 should be modified by
6.3.4 Combinations to Account for Three Directional deleting the term representing the response due to the
Earthquake Ground Shaking component of motion not being considered.
6.3.4.1 When responses from the three earthquake 6.3.5 Increase in Net Pressure on Soils in Design of
components are to be considered, the responses due Foundations
to each component may be combined using the 6.3.5.1 In the design of foundations, unfactored loads
assumption that when the maximum response from one shall be combined in line with IS 2974, while assessing
component occurs, the responses from the other two the bearing pressure in soils.
components are 30 percent each of their maximum. All
possible combinations of three components (ELX, ELY 6.3.5.2 When earthquake forces are included, net
and ELZ) including variations in sign (plus or minus) bearing pressure in soils can be increased as per
shall be considered. Thus, the structure should be Table 1, depending on type of foundation and type of
designed for the following sets of combinations of soil. For determining the type of soil for this purpose,
earthquake load effects: soils shall be classified in four types as given in Table
2. In soft soils, no increase shall be applied in bearing
a) ± ELX ± 0.3 ELY ± 0.3 ELZ, pressure, because settlements cannot be restricted by
b) ± ELY ± 0.3 ELZ ± 0.3 ELX, and increasing bearing pressure.
c) ± ELZ ± 0.3 ELX ± 0.3 ELY, 6.3.5.3 In soil deposits consisting of submerged loose
sands and soils falling under classification SP with
where X and Y are orthogonal plan directions and Z corrected standard penetration test values N, less than
vertical direction. Thus, EL in the above referred load 15 in Seismic Zones III, IV and V, and less than 10 in
combinations shall be replaced by (ELX ± 0.3 ELY ± Seismic Zone II, the shaking caused by earthquake
8
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
ground motion may cause liquefaction or excessive damping, given by expressions below:
total and differential settlements. Such sites should be a) For use in equivalent static method
avoided preferably for locating new structures, and [see Fig. 2(a)]:
should be avoided for locating structures of important
projects. Otherwise, settlements need to be  2.5 0 < T < 0.40 s
investigated, and appropriate methods adopted of For rocky 
or hard  1 0.40 s < T < 4.00 s
compaction or stabilization to achieve N values soil sites  T
indicated in Note 4 of Table 1. Alternatively, deep pile  0.25 T > 4.00 s
foundations may be adopted and anchored at depths 
well below the underlying soil layers, which are likely  2.5 0 < T < 0.55 s
For med- 
to liquefy or undergo excessive settlements. Sa  1.36
= ium stiff  0.55 s < T < 4.00 s
Also, marine clay layers and other sensitive clay layers g soil sites  T
are known to liquefy, undergo excessive settlements or  0.34 T > 4.00 s
even collapse, owing to low shear strength of the said 
 2.5 0 < T < 0.67 s
soil; such soils will need special treatment according For soft 1.67
to site condition (see Table 2).   0.67 s < T < 4.00 s
soil sites  T
A simplified method is given in Annex F, for evaluation  0.42 T > 4.00 s
of liquefaction potential. 
b) For use in response spectrum method
6.4 Design Acceleration Spectrum [see Fig. 2(b)]
6.4.1 For the purpose of determining design seismic  1 + 15T T < 0.10 s
force, the country is classified into four seismic zones  
as shown in Fig. 1. For rocky2.5 0.10 s < T < 0.40 s
or hard  1
6.4.2 The design horizontal seismic coefficient Ah for a soil sites  0.40 s < T < 4.00 s
structure shall be determined by:  T
 0.25 T > 4.00 s

 Z   Sa   1 + 15T T < 0.10 s
2  g 
Ah =
    For med- 2.5 0.10 s < T < 0.55 s
R Sa  
 
I
= ium stiff 1.36
g soil sites  0.55 s < T < 4.00 s
where   T
Z = seismic zone factor given in Table 3;  0.34 T > 4.00 s

I = importance factor given in IS 1893 (Parts 1  1 + 15T T < 0.10 s
to 5) for the corresponding structures; when  2.5 0.10 s < T < 0.67 s
not specified, the minimum values of I shall  For soft 
soil sites  1.67
be,  T 0.67 s < T < 4.00 s

a) 1.5 for critical and lifeline structures;  
 0.42 T > 4.00 s
b) 1.2 for business continuity structures; and
6.4.2.1 For determining the correct spectrum to be used
c) 1.0 for the rest. in the estimate of (Sa/g), the type of soil on which the
R = response reduction factor given in IS 1893 structure is placed shall be identified by the
(Parts 1 to 5) for the corresponding classification given in Table 4, as:
structures; and a) Soil type I Rock or hard soils;
 Sa 
 g  = design acceleration coefficient for different
  b) Soil type II Medium or stiff soils; and
soil types, normalized with peak ground
acceleration, corresponding to natural period c) Soil type III Soft soils.
T of structure (considering soil-structure In Table 4, the value of N to be used shall be the
interaction, if required). It shall be as given weighted average of N of soil layers from the existing
in Parts 1 to 5 of IS 1893 for the corresponding ground level to 30 m below the existing ground level;
structures; when not specified, it shall be here, the N values of individual layers shall be the
taken as that corresponding to 5 percent corrected values.
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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
Table 1 Percentage Increase in Net Bearing Table 2 Classification of Types of Soils for
Pressure and Skin Friction of Soils Determining Percentage Increase in Net
(Clause 6.3.5.2) Bearing Pressure and Skin Friction
(Clause 6.3.5.2)
Sl No. Soil Type Percentage Increase Allowable
(1) (2) (3) Sl No. Soil Type Remarks
(1) (2) (3)
i) Type A: Rock or hard soils 50
ii) Type B: Medium or stiff soils 25 i) Type A Well graded gravel (GW) or well graded sand
iii) Type C: Soft soils 0 Rock or (SW) both with less than 5 percent passing
hard soils 75 mm sieve (Fines)
NOTES Well graded gravel sand mixtures with
or without fines (GW-SW)
1 The net bearing pressure shall be determined in
Poorly-graded sand (SP) or Clayey sand
accordance with IS 6403 or IS 1888.
(SC), all having N above 30
2 Only corrected values of N shall be used. Stiff to hard clays having N above 30, where
3 If any increase in net bearing pressure has already been N is corrected standard penetration test value
permitted for forces other than seismic forces, the ii) Type B Poorly graded sands or poorly graded sands
increase in allowable bearing pressure, when seismic force Medium or with gravel (SP) with little or no fines having
is also included, shall not exceed the limits specified stiff soils N between 10 and 30
above. Stiff to medium stiff fine-grained soils,
4 The desirable minimum corrected field values of N shall like silts of low compressibility (ML) or
be as specified below: clays of low compressibility (CL) having
N between 10 and 30
Seismic Depth (m) below N Values Remarks
Zone Ground Level iii) Type C All soft soils other than SP with N<10. The
Soft soils various possible soils are:
III, IV £5 15 For values of Silts of intermediate compressibility (Ml);
and V ³10 25 depths between Silts of high compressibility (MH);
5 m and 10 m,
II £5 10 Clays of intermediate compressibility (CI);
linear
interpolation is Clays of high compressibility (CH);
³10 20
recommended Silts and clays of intermediate to high
com-pressibility (MI-MH or CI-CH);
Silt with clay of intermediate compressibility
If soils of lower N values are encountered than those (MI-CI); and
specified in the table above, then suitable ground Silt with clay of high compressibility
improvement techniques shall be adopted to achieve (MH-CH).
these values. Alternately, deep pile foundations should iv) Type D Requires site-specific study and special
be used, which are anchored in stronger strata, underlying Unstable, treatment according to site condition (see
the soil layers that do not meet the requirement. collapsible, 6.3.5.3)
5 Piles should be designed for lateral loads neglecting lateral liquefiable
resistance of those soil layers (if any), which are liable soils
to liquefy.
6 Indian Standards IS 1498 and IS 2131 may be referred
for soil notation, and corrected N values shall be
Table 3 Seismic Zone Factor Z
determined by applying correction factor CN for effective (Clause 6.4.2)
overburden pressure σ 'vo using relation N = C N N1 , Seismic Zone Factor II III IV V
where CN = Pa σ ' vo ≤ 1.7 , P a is the atmospheric (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
pressure and N1 is the uncorrected SPT value for soil.
Z 0.10 0.16 0.24 0.36
7 While using this table, the value of N to be considered
shall be determined as below:
a) Isolated footings Weighted average of N of soil 6.4.3 Effects of design earthquake loads applied on
layers from depth of founding, to depth of founding structures can be considered in two ways, namely:
plus twice the breadth of footing;
b) Raft foundations Weighted average of N of soil a) Equivalent static method, and
layers from depth of founding, to depth of founding b) Dynamic analysis method.
plus twice the breadth of raft;
c) Pile foundation Weighted average of N of soil
In turn, dynamic analysis can be performed in three
layers from depth of bottom tip of pile, to depth of ways, namely:
bottom tip of pile plus twice the diameter of pile;
d) Group pile foundation Weighted average of N of
1) Response spectrum method,
soil layers from depth of bottom tip of pile group, to 2) Modal time history method, and
depth of bottom tip of pile group plus twice the width
of pile group; and 3) Time history method.
e) Well foundation Weighted average of N of soil
layers from depth of bottom tip of well, to depth of In this standard, Equivalent Static Method, Response
bottom tip of well plus twice the width of well. Spectrum Method and Time History Method are
10
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
FIG. 1 SEISMIC ZONES OF INDIA
© Government of India Copyright, 2016

Based upon Survey of India Political map printed in 2002.
The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate baseline.
The interstate boundaries between Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Meghalaya shown on this map are as interpreted from the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganization) Act, 1971, but have
yet to be verified.
The state boundaries between Uttarakhand & Uttar Pradesh, Bihar & Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh & Madhya Pradesh have not been verified by the Governments concerned.
The administrative headquarters of Chandigarh, Haryana and Punjab are at Chandigarh.
The external boundaries and coastlines of India agree with the Record/Master Copy certified by Survey of India.
The responsibility for the correctness of internal details rests with the publisher.
NOTE — Towns falling at the boundary of zones demarcation line between two zones shall be considered in higher zone.
FIG. 1 SEISMIC ZONES OF INDIA
11
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
FIG. 2 DESIGN A CCELERATION COEFFICIENT (Sa /g) (CORRESPONDING TO 5 PERCENT D AMPING)
Table 4 Classification of Types of Soils for Determining the Spectrum to be Used to

Estimate Design Earthquake Force
(Clause 6.4.2.1)
Sl No. Soil Type Remarks
(1) (2) (3)
i) I a) Well graded gravel (GW) or well graded sand (SW) both with less than 5 percent passing 75 µm sieve
(Fines)
Rock or b) Well graded gravel-sand mixtures with or without fines (GW-SW)
Hard soils c) Poorly graded sand (SP) or clayey sand (SC), all having N above 30
d) Stiff to hard clays having N above 30, where N is standard penetration test value
ii) II a) Poorly graded sands or poorly graded sands with gravel (SP) with little or no fines having N between 10 and 30
Medium or b) Stiff to medium stiff fine-grained soils, like silts of low compressibility (ML) or clays of low
Stiff soils compressibility (CL) having N between 10 and 30
iii) III All soft soils other than SP with N<10. The various possible soils are:
Soft soils a) Silts of intermediate compressibility (Ml);
b) Silts of high compressibility (MH);
c) Clays of intermediate compressibility (CI);
d) Clays of high compressibility (CH);
e) Silts and clays of intermediate to high compressibility (MI-MH or CI-CH);
f) Silt with clay of intermediate compressibility (MI-CI); and
g) Silt with clay of high compressibility (MH-CH).
13
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
adopted. Equivalent static method may be used for 6.4.7 When design acceleration spectrum is developed
analysis of regular structures with approximate natural specific to a project site, the same may be used for
period Ta less than 0.4 s. design of structures of the project. In such cases,
effects of the site-specific spectrum shall not be less
6.4.3.1 For structural analysis, the moment of inertia
than those arising out of the design spectrum specified
shall be taken as:
in this standard.
a) In RC and masonry structures: 70 percent of
Igross of columns, and 35 percent of Igross of 7 BUILDINGS
beams; and The four main desirable attributes of an earthquake
b) In steel structures: Igross of both beams and resistant building are:
columns. a) Robust structural configuration,
6.4.4 Where a number of modes are to be considered in b) At least a minimum elastic lateral stiffness,
response spectrum method, Ah as defined in 6.4.2 for c) At least a minimum lateral strength, and
each mode k shall be determined using natural period d) Adequate ductility.
Tk of oscillation of that mode.
7.1 Regular and Irregular Configurations
6.4.5 For underground structures and buildings whose
base is located at depths of 30 m or more, Ah at the base Buildings with simple regular geometry and uniformly
shall be taken as half the value obtained from 6.4.2. distributed mass and stiffness in plan and in elevation,
This reduced value shall be used only for estimating suffer much less damage, than buildings with irregular
inertia effects due to masses at the corresponding levels configurations. All efforts shall be made to eliminate
below the ground; the inertia effects for the above irregularities by modifying architectural planning and
ground portion of the building shall be estimated based structural configurations. A building shall be considered
on the unreduced value of Ah. For estimating inertia to be irregular for the purposes of this standard, even
effects due to masses of structures and foundations if any one of the conditions given in Tables 5 and 6 is
placed between the ground level and 30 m depth, the applicable. Limits on irregularities for Seismic Zones
design horizontal acceleration spectrum value shall be III, IV and V and special requirements are laid out in
linearly interpolated between Ah and 0.5 Ah, where Ah Tables 5 and 6.
is as specified in 6.4.2.
Table 5 Definitions of Irregular Buildings Plan
6.4.6 The design seismic acceleration spectral value Av Irregularities (see Fig. 3)
or vertical motions shall be taken as: (Clause 7.1)
 2 Z  Sl No. Type of Plan Irregularity

  3 × 2  ( 2.5) For buildings governed
(1) (2)
 i) Torsional Irregularity
  R by IS 1893 (Part 1)
 I  Usually, a well-proportioned building does not twist
 about its vertical axis, when
 a) the stiffness distribution of the vertical
  2 Z  2.5
  3 × 2  ( ) For liquid retaining tanks elements resisting lateral loads is balanced in
plan according to the distribution of mass in
 governed by IS 1893 plan (at each storey level); and
  R (Part 2)
  I  b) the floor slabs are stiff in their own plane
(this happens when its plan aspect ratio is
Av =  less than 3)
  2 × Z   Sa  A building is said to be torsionally irregular, when,
  3 2   g  For bridges governed 1 ) the maximum horizontal displacement of any
 by IS 1893 (Part 3) floor in the direction of the lateral force at
  R
 I  one end of the floor is more than 1.5 times its
 minimum horizontal displacement at the far
 end of the same floor in that direction; and
  2 × Z   Sa  2 ) the natural period corresponding to the
  3 2   g  For industrial structures
fundamental torsional mode of oscillation is
 governed by IS 1893 more than those of the first two translational
  R (Part 4) modes of oscillation along each principal plan
 I 
 directions
In torsionally irregular buildings, when the ratio of
The value of Sa/g shall be based on natural period T maximum horizontal displacement at one end and
the minimum horizontal displacement at the other
corresponding to the first vertical mode of oscillation,
end is,
using 6.4.2.
14
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
Dmax
Dmin
PLAN
Dmax > 1.5 Dmin
3A TORSIONAL IRREGULARITY
A/L >0.15 A/L1> 0.15

A or
A/L2> 0.15
A
L L1
A
A A A
L L2
PLAN PLAN
3B RE-ENTRANT CORNERS
Ao>0.5Atotal Ao>0.1Atotal
Ao
Ao
Atotal Atotal
OPENING LOCATED ANYWHERE IN OPENING LOCATED ALONG ANY
THE SLAB EDGE OF THE SLAB
PLAN PLAN
3C FLOOR SLABS HAVING EXCESSIVE CUT-OUT AND OPENINGS
ELEVATION
3D OUT-OF-PLANE OFFSETS IN VERTICAL ELEMENTS
PLAN PLAN
(i) (ii)
3E NON-PARALLEL LATERAL FORCE SYSTEM:

(i) MOMENT FRAME BUILDING, and
(ii) MOMENT FRAME BUILDING WITH STRUCTURAL WALLS
FIG. 3 DEFINITIONS OF IRREGULAR BUILDINGS PLAN IRREGULARITIES
15
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
Table 5 (Concluded) Table 6 Definition of Irregular Buildings Vertical

i) in the range 1.5 2.0, (a) the building
Irregularities (see Fig. 4)
configuration shall be revised to ensure that (Clause 7.1)
the natural period of the fundamental Sl No. Type of Vertical Irregularity
torsional mode of oscillation shall be smaller (1) (2)
than those of the first two translational modes
along each of the principal plan directions, i) Stiffness Irregularity (Soft Storey)
and then (b) three dimensional dynamic A soft storey is a storey whose lateral stiffness is less
analysis method shall be adopted; and than that of the storey above.
ii) more than 2.0, the building configuration The structural plan density (SPD) shall be estimated
shall be revised when unreinforced masonry infills are used. When
ii) Re-entrant Corners SPD of masonry infills exceeds 20 percent, the effect
of URM infills shall be considered by explicitly
A building is said to have a re-entrant corner in any modelling the same in structural analysis (as per
plan direction, when its structural configuration in 7.9). The design forces for RC members shall be
plan has a projection of size greater than 15 percent larger of that obtained from analysis of:
of its overall plan dimension in that direction a) Bare frame, and
In buildings with re-entrant corners, three-dimensional b) Frames with URM infills,using 3D modelling of the
dynamic analysis method shall be adopted. structure. In buildings designed considering URM infills,
the inter-storey drift shall be limited to 0.2 percent in
iii) Floor Slabs having Excessive Cut-Outs or the storey with stiffening and also in all storeys below.
Openings
ii) Mass Irregularity
Openings in slabs result in flexible diaphragm
Mass irregularity shall be considered to exist, when
behaviour, and hence the lateral shear force is not the seismic weight (as per 7.7) of any floor is more
shared by the frames and/or vertical members in than 150 percent of that of the floors below.
proportion to their lateral translational stiffness. The
In buildings with mass irregularity and located in
problem is particularly accentuated when the opening
Seismic Zones III, IV and V, the earthquake effects
is close to the edge of the slab. A building is said to
shall be estimated by Dynamic Analysis Method (as
have discontinuity in their in-plane stiffness, when per 7.7).
floor slabs have cut-outs or openings of area more
than 50 percent of the full area of the floor slab iii) Vertical Geometric Irregularity
Vertical geometric irregularity shall be considered to
In buildings with discontinuity in their in-plane exist, when the horizontal dimension of the lateral
stiffness, if the area of the geometric cut-out is, force resisting system in any storey is more than
a) less than or equal to 50 percent, the floor slab 125 percent of the storey below.
shall be taken as rigid or flexible depending on In buildings with vertical geometric irregularity and
the location of and size of openings; and located in Seismic Zones III, IV and V, the earthquake
b) more than 50 percent, the floor slab shall be effects shall be estimated by Dynamic Analysis
taken as flexible. Method (as per 7.7).
iv) Out-of-Plane Offsets in Vertical Elements iv) In-Plane Discontinuity in Vertical Elements
Out-of-plane offsets in vertical elements resisting Resisting Lateral Force
lateral loads cause discontinuities and detours in the In-plane discontinuity in vertical elements which
load path, which is known to be detrimental to the are resisting lateral force shall be considered to exist,
earthquake safety of the building. A building is said to when in-plane offset of the lateral force resisting
have out-of-plane offset in vertical elements, when elements is greater than 20 percent of the plan length
structural walls or frames are moved out of plane in of those elements.
any storey along the height of the building In buildings with in-plane discontinuity and located
In a building with out-of-plane offsets in vertical elements, in Seismic Zones II, the lateral drift of the building
a) specialist literature shall be referred for design under the design lateral force shall be limited to
of such a building, if the building is located in 0.2 percent of the building height; in Seismic Zones
Seismic Zone II; and III, IV and V, buildings with in-plane discontinuity
b) the following two conditions shall be satisfied, if the shall not be permitted.
building is located in Seismic Zones III, IV and V: v) Strength Irregularity (Weak Storey)
1 ) Lateral drift shall be less than 0.2 percent in A weak storey is a storey whose lateral strength is
the storey having the offset and in the storeys less than that of the storey above.
below; and In such a case, buildings in Seismic Zones III, IV
2 ) Specialist literature shall be referred for and V shall be designed such that safety of the
removing the irregularity arising due to out- building is not jeopardized; also, provisions of 7.10
of-plane offsets in vertical elements. shall be followed.
v) Non-Parallel Lateral Force System vi) Floating or Stub Columns
Buildings undergo complex earthquake behaviour and Such columns are likely to cause concentrated
hence damage, when they do not have lateral force damage in the structure.
resisting systems oriented along two plan directions This feature is undesirable, and hence should be
that are orthogonal to each other. A building is said prohibited, if it is part of or supporting the primary
to have non-parallel system when the vertically lateral load resisting system.
oriented structural systems resisting lateral forces vii) Irregular Modes of Oscillation in Two Principal
are not oriented along the two principal orthogonal Plan Directions
axes in plan Stiffnesses of beams, columns, braces and structural
walls determine the lateral stiffness of a building in
Buildings with non-parallel lateral force resisting each principal plan direction. A building is said to
system shall be analyzed for load combinations have lateral storey irregularity in a principal plan
mentioned in 6.3.2.2 or 6.3.4.1. direction, if
16
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
Table 6 (Concluded) 7.2 Lateral Force

a) the first three modes contribute less than 7.2.1 Design Lateral Force
65 percent mass participation factor in each
principal plan direction, and Buildings shall be designed for the design lateral force
b) the fundamental lateral natural periods of the VB given by:
building in the two principal plan directions are
closer to each other by 10 percent of the larger VB = AhW
value.
In buildings located in Seismic Zones II and III, it where Ah shall be estimated as per 6.4.2, and W as per
shall be ensured that the first three modes together 7.4.
contribute at least 65 percent mass participation
factor in each principal plan direction. And, in
7.2.2 Minimum Design Lateral Force
buildings located in Seismic Zones IV and V, it shall Buildings and portions there of shall be designed and
be ensured that,
1 ) the first three modes together contribute at least constructed to resist at least the effects of design
65 percent mass participation factor in each lateral force specified in 7.2.1. But, regardless of
principal plan direction, and design earthquake forces arrived at as per 7.3.1,
2 ) the fundamental lateral natural periods of the buildings shall have lateral load resisting systems
building in the two principal plan directions
are away from each other by at least 10 percent capable of resisting a horizontal force not less than
of the larger value. (VB)min given in Table 7.
Ki+1 Ki+1 > Ki+2

Ki Ki+1 > Ki
Ki+2 Ki+1
Ki+1
Ki Ki+1
Ki
ELEVATION
4A STIFFNESS IRREGULARITY (SOFT STOREY)
HEAVY
MASS Wi+1 Wi > 1.5Wi+1
Wi Wi > 1.5Wi-1
Wi -1
ELEVATION
4B MASS IRREGULARITY
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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
4C VERTICAL GEOMETRIC IRREGULARITY
4D IN-PLANE DISCONTINUITY IN VERTICAL

ELEMENTS RESISTING LATERAL FORCE
4E STRENGTH IRREGULARITY (WEAK STOREY)
FIG. 4 DEFINITIONS OF IRREGULAR BUILDINGS V ERTICAL IRREGULARITIES
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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
Table 7 Minimum Design Earthquake Horizontal critical damping for the purposes of estimating Ah in
Lateral Force for Buildings the design lateral force VB of a building as per 7.2.1,
(Clause 7.2.2) irrespective of the material of construction (namely
steel, reinforced concrete, masonry, or a combination
Sl No. Seismic Zone ρ
thereof of these three basic materials) of its lateral load
Percent
(1) (2) (3) resisting system, considering that buildings experience
inelastic deformations under design level earthquake
i) II 0.7 effects, resulting in much higher energy dissipation
ii) III 1.1
iii) IV 1.6
than that due to initial structural damping in buildings.
iv) V 2.4 This value of damping shall be used, irrespective of
the method of the structural analysis employed, namely
Equivalent Static Method (as per 7.6) or Dynamic
7.2.3 Importance Factor (I)
Analysis Method (as per 7.7).
In estimating design lateral force VB of buildings as
7.2.5 Design Acceleration Spectrum
per 7.2.1, the importance factor I of buildings shall be
taken as per Table 8. Design acceleration coefficient Sa/g corresponding to
5 percent damping for different soil types, normalized to
Table 8 Importance Factor (I) peak ground acceleration, corresponding to natural period
(Clause 7.2.3) T of structure considering soil-structure interaction,
Sl No. Structure I irrespective of the material of construction of the structure.
(1) (2) (3) Sa/g shall be as given by expressions in 6.4.2.
i) Important service and community build- 1.5 7.2.6 Response Reduction Factor (R)
ings or structures (for example, critical
governance buildings, schools), signature Response reduction factor, along with damping during
buildings, monument buildings, lifeline and extreme shaking and redundancy: (a) influences the
emergency buildings (for example,
hospital buildings, telephone exchange
nonlinear behaviour of buildings during strong
buildings, television station buildings, earthquake shaking, and (b) accounts for inherent
radio station buildings, bus station system ductility, redundancy and overstrength normally
buildings, metro rail buildings and metro available in buildings, if designed and detailed as per
rail station buildings), railway stations,
airports, food storage buildings (such as
this standard and the associated Indian Standards.
warehouses), fuel station buildings, power For the purpose of design as per this standard,
station buildings, and fire station
buildings), and large community hall response reduction factor R for different building
buildings (for example, cinema halls, systems shall be as given in Table 9. The values of R
shopping malls, assembly halls and subway shall be used for design of buildings with lateral load
stations) resisting elements, and NOT for just the lateral load
ii) Residential or commercial buildings [other 1.2
than those listed in Sl No. (i)] with resisting elements, which are built in isolation.
occupancy more than 200 persons
7.2.7 Dual System
iii) All other buildings 1.0
Buildings with dual system consist of moment resisting
NOTES frames and structural walls (or of moment resisting
1 Owners and design engineers of buildings or structures frames and bracings) such that both of the following
may choose values of importance factor I more than
conditions are valid:
those mentioned above.
2 Buildings or structures covered under Sl No. (iii) may be a) Two systems are designed to resist total
designed for higher value of importance factor I, design lateral force in proportion to their lateral
depending on economy and strategy.
stiffness, considering interaction of two
3 In Sl No. (ii), when a building is composed of more than
one structurally independent unit, the occupancy size systems at all floor levels; and
shall be for each of the structurally independent unit of
the building.
b) Moment resisting frames are designed to
4 In buildings with mixed occupancies, wherein different I
resist independently at least 25 percent of the
factors are applicable for the respective occupancies, design base shear.
larger of the importance factor I values shall be used for
estimating the design earthquake force of the building. 7.3 Design Imposed Loads for Earthquake Force
Calculation
7.2.4 Damping Ratio
7.3.1 For various loading classes specified in IS 875
The value of damping shall be taken as 5 percent of (Part 2), design seismic force shall be estimated using
19
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
full dead load plus percentage of imposed load as given shall be designed to be ductile. Hence, this system is not
allowed in these seismic zones.
in Table 10. The same shall be used in the three-
2 Eccentric braces shall be used only with SBFs.
dimensional dynamic analysis of buildings also. 3 Buildings with structural walls also include buildings
having structural walls and moment frames, but where,
Table 9 Response Reduction Factor R for Building a) frames are not designed to carry design lateral
loads, or
Systems
b) frames are designed to carry design lateral loads,
(Clause 7.2.6) but do not fulfill the requirements of Dual Systems.
4 In these buildings, (a) punching shear failure shall be
avoided, and (b) lateral drift at the roof under design
Sl No. Lateral Load Resisting System R
(1) (2) (3) lateral force shall not exceed 0.1 percent.
i) Moment Frame Systems

a) RC buildings with ordinary moment resisting 3.0 7.3.2 For calculation of design seismic forces of
frame (OMRF) (see Note 1)
b) RC buildings with special moment resisting 5.0 buildings, imposed load on roof need not be
frame (SMRF) considered. But, weights of equipment and other
c) Steel buildings with ordinary moment resisting 3.0 permanently fixed facilities should be considered; in
frame (OMRF) (see Note 1)
d) Steel buildings with special moment resisting 5.0
such a case, the reductions of imposed loads
frame (SMRF) mentioned in Table 10 are not applicable to that part
ii) Braced Frame Systems (see Note 2) of the load.
a) Buildings with ordinary braced frame (OBF) 4.0
having concentric braces
b) Buildings with special braced frame (SBF) 4.5 Table 10 Percentage of Imposed Load to be
having concentric braces Considered in Calculation of Seismic Weight
c) Buildings with special braced frame (SBF) 5.0 (Clause 7.3.1)
having eccentric braces
iii) Structural Wall Systems (see Note 3) Sl No. Imposed Uniformity Percentage of
a) Load bearing masonry buildings Distributed Floor Loads Imposed Load
1) Unreinforced masonry (designed as per 1.5
IS 1905) without horizontal RC seismic kN/m2
bands (see Note 1) (1) (2) (3)
2) Unreinforced masonry (designed as per 2.0 i) Up to and including 3.0 25
IS 1905) with horizontal RC seismic ii) Above 3.0 50
bands
3) Unreinforced masonry (designed as per 2.5
IS 1905) with horizontal RC seismic 7.3.3 Imposed load values indicated in Table 10 for
bands and vertical reinforcing bars at
corners of rooms and jambs of openings calculating design earthquake lateral forces are
(with reinforcement as per IS 4326) applicable to normal conditions. When loads during
4) Reinforced masonry [see SP 7 (Part 6) 3.0 earthquakes are more accurately assessed, designers
Section 4]
5) Confined masonry 3.0
may alter imposed load values indicated or even replace
b) Buildings with ordinary RC structural walls 3.0 the entire imposed load given in Table 10 with actual
(see Note 1) assessed load values, subject to the values given in
c) Buildings with ductile RC structural walls 4.0 Table 7 as the minimum values. Where imposed load is
iv) Dual Systems (see Note 3)
a) Buildings with ordinary RC structural walls 3.0 not assessed as per 7.3.1 and 7.3.2,
and RC OMRFs (see Note 1)
b) Buildings with ordinary RC structural walls 4.0 a) only that part of imposed load, which
and RC SMRFs (see Note 1) possesses mass, shall be considered; and
c) Buildings with ductile RC structural walls 4.0
with RC OMRFs (see Note 1) b) lateral earthquake design force shall not be
d) Buildings with ductile RC structural walls 5.0 calculated on contribution of impact effects
with RC SMRFs
v) Flat Slab Structural Wall Systems
from imposed loads.
(see Note 4)
RC building with the three features given below: 3.0
7.3.4 Loads other than those given above (for example,
a) Ductile RC structural walls (which are snow and permanent equipment) shall be considered
designed to resist 100 percent of the appropriately.
design lateral force),
b) Perimeter RC SMRFs (which are designed 7.3.5 In regions of severe snow loads and sand storms
to independently resist 25 percent of the exceeding intensity of 1.5 kN/m2, 20 percent of uniform
design lateral force), and preferably
c) An outrigger and belt truss system design snow load or sand load, respectively shall be
connecting the core ductile RC included in the estimation of seismic weight. In case
structural walls and the perimeter RC the minimum values of seismic weights corresponding
SMRFs (see Note 1).
to these load effects given in IS 875 are higher, the
NOTES
1 RC and steel structures in Seismic Zones III, IV and V higher values shall be used.
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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
7.3.6 In buildings that have interior partitions, the where

weight of these partitions on floors shall be included h = height (in m) of building (see Fig. 5). This
in the estimation of seismic weight; this value shall not excludes the basement storeys, where
be less than 0.5 kN/m2. In case the minimum values of basement storey, walls are connected
seismic weights corresponding to partitions given in with the ground floor deck or fitted
parts of IS 875 are higher, the higher values shall be between the building columns, but
used. It shall be ensured that the weights of these includes the basement storeys, when
partitions shall be considered only in estimating inertial they are not so connected.
effects of the building.
b) Buildings with RC structural walls:
7.4 Seismic Weight 0.075h0.75 0.09h
Ta = ≥
7.4.1 Seismic Weight of Floors Aw d
Seismic weight of each floor is its full dead load plus where Aw is total effective area (m2) of walls in
appropriate amount of imposed load, as specified in 7.3. the first storey of the building given by:
While computing the seismic weight of each floor, the weight
Nw 
 L   
2
of columns and walls in any storey shall be appropriately 
Aw = ∑  Awi 0.2 +  wi   
apportioned to the floors above and below the storey. i =1   h   
 
7.4.2 Any weight supported in between storeys shall where
be distributed to floors above and below in inverse h = height of building as defined in
proportion to its distance from the floors. 7.6.2(a), in m;
7.6 Equivalent Static Method Awi = effective cross-sectional area of wall i
in first storey of building, in m2;
As per this method, first, the design base shear VB shall
L wi = length of structural wall i in first storey
be computed for the building as a whole. Then, this VB
in the considered direction of lateral
shall be distributed to the various floor levels at the
forces, in m;
corresponding centres of mass. And, finally, this design
seismic force at each floor level shall be distributed to d = base dimension of the building at the
individual lateral load resisting elements through plinth level along the considered
structural analysis considering the floor diaphragm direction of earthquake shaking, in m;
action. This method shall be applicable for regular and
buildings with height less than 15 m in Seismic Zone II. Nw = number of walls in the considered
direction of earthquake shaking.
7.6.1 The design base shear VB along any principal
direction of a building shall be determined by: The value of Lwi/h to be used in this equation
shall not exceed 0.9.
VB = AhW
where c) All other buildings:
A h = design horizontal acceleration coefficient value 0.09h
as per 6.4.2, using approximate fundamental Ta =
natural period T a as per 7.6.2 along the
d
where
considered direction of shaking; and
h = height of building, as defined in 7.6.2(a),
W = seismic weight of the building as per 7.4.
in m; and
7.6.2 The approximate fundamental translational natural d = base dimension of the building at the plinth
period Ta of oscillation, in second, shall be estimated level along the considered direction of
by the following expressions: earthquake shaking, in m.
a) Bare MRF buildings (without any masonry 7.6.3 The design base shear (VB) computed in 7.6.1
infills): shall be distributed along the height of the building
and in plan at each floor level as below:
0.075 0.75 (for RC MRF building)
 h
a) Vertical distribution of base shear to different

 (for RC-Steel Composite floor levels The design base shear V B
Ta = 0.080h0.75 computed in 7.6.1 shall be distributed along
MRF building)
 the height of the building as per the following

0.085h0.75 (for steel MRF building) expression:

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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
5A
7.6.1 7.6.1
5B 5B
5D 5E
FIG . 5 DEFINITIONS OF H EIGHT AND BASE WIDTH OF BUILDINGS
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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
  Usually, reinforced concrete monolithic slab-beam

 W h2  floors or those consisting of prefabricated or precast
Qi =  n i i  VB elements with reasonable reinforced screed concrete
 
 ∑ W j hj
2 (at least a minimum of 50 mm on floors and of 75 mm on

 j =1  roof, with at least a minimum reinforcement of 6 mm
bars spaced at 150 mm centres) as topping, and of plan
where
aspect ratio less than 3, can be considered to be
Qi = design lateral force at floor i; providing rigid diaphragm action.
Wi = seismic weight of floor i;
7.7 Dynamic Analysis Method
hi = height of floor i measured from base;
and 7.7.1 Linear dynamic analysis shall be performed to
n = number of storeys in building, that is, obtain the design lateral force (design seismic base
number of levels at which masses are shear, and its distribution to different levels along the
located. height of the building, and to various lateral load
resisting elements) for all buildings, other than regular
b) In-plan distribution of design lateral force
buildings lower than 15 m in Seismic Zone II.
at floor i to different lateral force resisting
elements The design storey shear in any 7.7.2 The analytical model for dynamic analysis of
storey shall be calculated by summing the buildings with unusual configuration should be such
design lateral forces at all floor above that that it adequately represents irregularities present in
storey. In buildings whose floors are capable the building configuration.
of providing rigid horizontal diaphragm action
7.7.3 Dynamic analysis may be performed by either the
in their own plane, the design storey shear
Time History Method or the Response Spectrum
shall be distributed to the various vertical
Method. When either of the methods is used, the design
elements of lateral force resisting system in
base shear VB estimated shall not be less than the design
proportion to the lateral stiffness of these
vertical elements. base shear V B calculated using a fundamental period
Ta, where Ta is as per 7.6.2.
7.6.4 Diaphragm
In buildings whose floor diaphragms cannot provide When VB is less than V B , the force response quantities
rigid horizontal diaphragm action in their own plane, (for example member stress resultants, storey shear
design storey shear shall be distributed to the various forces, and base reactions) shall be multiplied by
vertical elements of lateral force resisting system
V B VB . For earthquake shaking considered along,
considering the in-plane flexibility of the diaphragms.
A floor diaphragm shall be considered to be flexible, if it a) the two mutually perpendicular plan directions
deforms such that the maximum lateral displacement X and Y, separate multiplying factors shall be
measured from the chord of the deformed shape at any calculated, namely V BX VBX and V BY VBY ,
point of the diaphragm is more than 1.2 times the average respectively; and
displacement of the entire diaphragm (see Fig. 6).
b) the vertical Z direction, the multiplying factor
shall be taken as Max V BX VBX ;V BY VBY  .
7.7.4 Time History Method

Time history method shall be based on an appropriate
ground motion (preferably compatible with the design
acceleration spectrum in the desired range of natural
periods) and shall be performed using accepted
principles of earthquake structural dynamics.
7.7.5 Response Spectrum Method
Response spectrum method may be performed for any
building using the design acceleration spectrum
specified in 6.4.2, or by a site-specific design
FIG . 6 DEFINITION OF FLEXIBLE FLOOR DIAPHRAGM acceleration spectrum mentioned in 6.4.7.
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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
7.7.5.1 Natural modes of oscillation ωi = circular natural frequency in mode i.

Undamped free vibration analysis of the entire building b) Alternatively, the peak response quantities
shall be performed as per established methods of may be combined as follows:
structural dynamics using appropriate mass and elastic 1) If building does not have closely-spaced
stiffness of the structural system, to obtain natural modes, then net peak response quantity
periods Tk and mode shapes {φ}k of those of its Nm λ due to all modes considered shall be
modes of oscillation [k ∈(1,Nm)] that need to be estimated as:
considered as per 7.7.5.2.
Nm
∑ (λ )
2
7.7.5.2 Number of modes to be considered λ= k
k =1
The number of modes Nm to be used in the analysis for where
earthquake shaking along a considered direction,
λk = peak response quantity in mode k,
should be such that the sum total of modal masses of
and
these modes considered is at least 90 percent of the
total seismic mass. Nm = number of modes considered.
2) If building has a few closely-spaced
If modes with natural frequencies beyond 33 Hz are to
modes, then net peak response quantity
be considered, the modal combination shall be carried
λ∗ due to these closely space modes alone
out only for modes with natural frequency less than
shall be obtained as:
33 Hz; the effect of modes with natural frequencies more
than 33 Hz shall be included by the missing mass λ * = ∑ λc
correction procedure following established principles c
where
of structural dynamics. If justified by rigorous analysis,
designers may use a cut off frequency other than 33 Hz. λc = peak response quantity in closely
spaced mode c. The summation is
7.7.5.3 Combination of modes for closely spaced modes only.
The responses of different modes considered shall be Then, this peak response quantity
combined by one of the two methods given below: λ∗ due to closely spaced modes is
combined with those of remaining
a) Peak response quantities (for example, member well-separated modes by method
forces, displacements, storey forces, storey described above.
shears, and base reactions) may be combined
7.7.5.4 Simplified method of dynamic analysis of
as per Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC)
buildings
method, as given below:
Regular buildings may be analyzed as a system of
Nm Nm
masses lumped at the floor levels with each mass
λ = ∑∑
i =1 j =1
λ i ρij λ j
having one degree of freedom, that of lateral
displacement in the direction under consideration. In
where such a case, the following expressions shall hold in the
computation of the various quantities:
λ = estimate of peak response quantity;
λi = response quantity in mode i (with sign); a) Modal mass Modal mass Mk of mode k is
given by:
λj = response quantity in mode j (with sign);
ρij = cross-modal correlation co-efficient  n 
2
 ∑Wiφik 
8 ζ 2 (1 + β ) β1.5 M k =  in=1 
= ;
g∑Wi (φik )
2
(1 − β )
2 2
+ 4 ζ 2β (1 + β )2 i =1
where
Nm = number of modes considered;
g = acceleration due to gravity,
ζ = modal damping coefficient ratio which
φik = mode shape coefficient at floor i in
shall be taken as 0.05; mode k,
ωj Wi = seismic weight of floor i of the structure,
β = natural frequency ratio = ω ; and
i
ω j = circular natural frequency in mode j; and n = number of floors of the structure.
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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
b) Mode participation factor Mode where

participation factor Pk of mode k is given by: e si = static eccentricity at floor i,
n
= distance between centre of mass and centre
∑W φ i ik
of resistance, and
Pk = n
i =1
b i = floor plan dimension of floor i, perpendicular

∑ W (φ )
2
i ik
i =1
to the direction of force.
c) Design lateral force at each floor in each The factor 1.5 represents dynamic amplification factor,
mode Peak lateral force Qik at floor i in mode and 0.05b i represents the extent of accidental
k is given by: eccentricity. The above amplification of 1.5 need not
Qik = Akφik PkWi be used, when performing structural analysis by the
Time History Method.
where
A k = design horizontal acceleration spectrum 7.9 RC Frame Buildings with Unreinforced Masonry
value as per 6.4.2 using natural period Infill Walls
of oscillation Tk of mode k obtained
7.9.1 In RC buildings with moment resisting frames
from dynamic analysis.
and unreinforced masonry (URM) infill walls, variation
d) Storey shear forces in each mode Peak of storey stiffness and storey strength shall be
shear force Vik acting in storey i in mode k is examined along the height of the building considering
given by: in-plane stiffness and strength of URM infill walls. If
n
storey stiffness and strength variations along the
Vik = ∑Q
j = i +1
ik
height of the building render it to be irregular as per
e) Storey shear force due to all modes Table 6, the irregularity shall be corrected especially in
considered Peak storey shear force Vi in Seismic Zones III, IV and V.
storey i due to all modes considered, shall be 7.9.2 The estimation of in-plane stiffness and strength
obtained by combining those due to each of URM infill walls shall be based on provisions given
mode in accordance with 7.7.5.3. hereunder.
f) Lateral forces at each storey due to all modes 7.9.2.1 The modulus of elasticity E m (in MPa) of
considered Design lateral forces Froof at roof masonry infill wall shall be taken as:
level and Fi at level of floor i shall be obtained
as: Em = 550 fm
Froof = Vroof , and where fm is the compressive strength of masonry prism

(in MPa) obtained as per IS 1905 or given by expression:
Fi = Vi Vi+1.
f m = 0.433 f b0.64 f mo
0.36
7.8 Torsion
7.8.1 Provision shall be made in all buildings for increase where
in shear forces on the lateral force resisting elements fb = compressive strength of brick, in MPa; and
resulting from twisting about the vertical axis of the fmo = compressive strength of mortar, in MPa.
building, arising due to eccentricity between the centre
of mass and centre of resistance at the floor levels. The 7.9.2.2 URM infill walls shall be modeled by using
design forces calculated as in 7.6 and 7.7.5, shall be equivalent diagonal struts as below:
applied at the displaced centre of mass so as to cause a) Ends of diagonal struts shall be considered
design eccentricity (as given by 7.8.2) between the to be pin-jointed to RC frame;
displaced centre of mass and centre of resistance.
b) For URM infill walls without any opening, width
7.8.2 Design Eccentricity
wds of equivalent diagonal strut (see Fig. 7) shall
While performing structural analysis by the Seismic be taken as:
Coefficient Method or the Response Spectrum Method,
the design eccentricity edi to be used at floor i shall be wds = 0.175α h−0.4 Lds
taken as: where
1.5esi + 0.05bi  E t sin 2θ 
edi = 
 esi − 0.05bi α h = h  4 m 
 4 Ef I c h 
whichever gives the more severe effect on lateral force
resisting elements;
25
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
where Em and Ef are the modulii of elasticity c) connected preferably to the moment resisting
of the materials of the URM infill and RC frame of the building.
MRF, Ic the moment of inertia of the adjoining
7.10.3 When the RC structural walls are provided, they
column, t the thickness of the infill wall, and
shall be designed such that the building does NOT
θ the angle of the diagonal strut with the
have:
horizontal;
c) For URM infill walls with openings, no a) Additional torsional irregularity in plan than
reduction in strut width is required; and that already present in the building. In
assessing this, lateral stiffness shall be
d) Thickness of the equivalent diagonal strut included of all elements that resist lateral
shall be taken as thickness t of original URM actions at all levels of the building;
infill wall, provided h/t < 12 and l/t < 12, where
h is clear height of URM infill wall between b) Lateral stiffness in the open storey(s) is less
the top beam and bottom floor slab, and l clear than 80 percent of that in the storey above;
length of the URM infill wall between the and
vertical RC elements (columns, walls or a c) Lateral strength in the open storey(s) is less
combination thereof) between which it spans. than 90 percent of that in the storey above.
7.10.4 When the RC structural walls are provided, the
RC structural wall plan density ρsw of the building shall
be at least 2 percent along each principal direction in
Seismic Zones III, IV and V. These walls shall be well
distributed in the plan of the building along each plan
direction. RC structural walls of this measure can be
adopted even in regular buildings that do not have
open storey(s).
7.10.5 RC structural walls in buildings located in
Seismic Zones III, IV and V shall be designed and
detailed to comply with all requirements of IS 13920.
FIG. 7 EQUIVALENT DIAGONAL STRUT OF URM 7.11 Deformation

INFILL WALL Deformation of RC buildings shall be obtained from
structural analysis using a structural model based on
7.10 RC Frame Buildings with Open Storeys
section properties given in 6.4.3.
7.10.1 RC moment resisting frame buildings, which have
7.11.1 Storey Drift Limitation
open storey(s) at any level, such as due to
discontinuation of unreinforced masonry (URM) infill 7.11.1.1 Storey drift in any storey shall not exceed 0.004
walls or of structural walls, are known to have flexible times the storey height, under the action of design base
and weak storeys as per Table 6. In such buildings, of shear VB with no load factors mentioned in 6.3, that
suitable measures shall be adopted, which increase both is, with partial safety factor for all loads taken as 1.0.
stiffness and strength to the required level in the open
7.11.1.2 Displacement estimates obtained from dynamic
storey and the storeys below. These measures shall be
analysis methods shall not be scaled as given in 7.7.3.
taken along both plan directions as per requirements
laid down under 7.10.2 to 7.10.4. The said increase 7.11.2 Deformation Capability of Non-Seismic
may be achieved by providing measures, like: Members
a) RC structural walls, or For buildings located in Seismic Zones III, IV and V, it
shall be ensured that structural components, that are
b) Braced frames, in select bays of the building.
not a part of seismic force resisting system in considered
7.10.2 When the RC structural walls are provided, they direction of ground motion but are monolithically
shall be, connected, do not lose their vertical load-carrying
capacity under induced net stress resultants, including
a) founded on properly designed foundations;
additional bending moments and shear forces resulting
b) continuous preferably over the full height of from storey deformations equal to R times storey
the building; and displacements calculated as per 7.11.1, where R is
specified in Table 9.
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IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
7.11.3 Separation between Adjacent Units moments due to fixity to pile cap.
Two adjacent buildings, or two adjacent units of the 7.12.2 Cantilever Projections
same building with separation joint between them,
7.12.2.1 Vertical projections
shall be separated by a distance equal to R times sum
of storey displacements ∆1 and ∆2 calculated as per Small-sized facilities (like towers, tanks, parapets, smoke
7.11.1 of the two buildings or two units of the same stacks/chimneys) and other vertical cantilever
building, to avoid pounding as the two buildings or projections attached to buildings and projecting
two units of the same building oscillate towards each vertically above the roof, but not a part of the structural
other. system of the building, shall be designed and checked
for stability for five times the design horizontal seismic
When floor levels of the adjacent units of a building or
coefficient Ah specified in 6.4.2 for that building. In the
buildings are at the same level, the separation distance
analysis of the building, weights of these projecting
shall be calculated as (R1∆1 + R2∆2), where R1 and ∆1
elements shall be lumped with the roof weight.
correspond to building 1, and R2 and ∆2 to building 2.
7.12.2.2 Horizontal projections
7.12 Miscellaneous
All horizontal projections of buildings (like cantilever
7.12.1 Foundations
structural members at the porch level or higher) or
Isolated RC footings without tie beams or unreinforced attached to buildings (like brackets, cornices and
strip foundations, shall not be adopted in buildings balconies) shall be designed for five times the design
rested on soft soils (with corrected N < 10) in any vertical coefficient Av specified in 6.4.6 for that building.
Seismic Zone. Use of foundations vulnerable to
7.12.2.3 The increased design forces specified
significant differential settlement due to ground shaking
in 7.12.2.1 and 7.12.2.2 are only for designing the
shall be avoided in buildings located in Seismic Zones
projecting parts and their connections with the main
III, IV and V.
structures, and NOT for the design of the main
Individual spread footings or pile caps shall be structure.
interconnected with ties (see 5.3.4.1 of IS 4326), except 7.12.3 Compound Walls
when individual spread footings are directly supported
on rock, in buildings located in Seismic Zones IV and V. Compound walls shall be designed for the design
All ties shall be capable of carrying, in tension and in horizontal coefficient Ah of 1.25Z, that is, Ah calculated
compression, an axial force equal to Ah/4 times the larger using 6.4.2 with I = 1, R = 1 and Sa/g = 2.5.
of the column or pile cap load, in addition to the 7.12.4 Connections between Parts
otherwise computed forces, subject to a minimum of
All small items and objects of a building shall be tied to
5 percent of larger of column or pile cap loads. Here,
the building or to each other to act as single unit, except
Ah is as per 6.4.2.
those between the separation joints and seismic joints.
Pile shall be designed and constructed to withstand These connections shall be made capable of
maximum curvature imposed (structural response) by transmitting the forces induced in them, but not less
earthquake ground shaking. Design of anchorage of than 0.05 times weight of total dead and imposed load
piles into the pile cap shall consider combined effects, reactions; frictional resistance shall not be relied upon
including that of axial forces due to uplift and bending in these calculations.
27
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
ANNEX A
(Foreword)
MAP OF INDIA SHOWING EPICENTRES OF PAST EARTHQUAKES IN INDIA
(From Catalog of 2015)

yet to be verified.
NOTE — For details regarding the up-to-date seismic activity (plotted on the Map of India), please visit the online portal of the National Centre for Seismology (NCS),
Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi.
28
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
ANNEX B
(Foreword)
MAP OF INDIASHOWING PRINCIPALTECTONIC FEATURES IN INDIA
(From Catalog of 2001)
© Government of India Copyright, 2016 SUPPLIED BY Book Supply Bureau UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR RESEARCH DESIGNS & STANDARDS ORGANISATION (RDSO) - LUCKNOW ON 1/8/2006 1:59:55 AM (10.100.117.113) valid uptp 8/13/2019
yet to be verified.
30
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
ANNEX C
(Foreword)
MAP OF INDIA SHOWING PRINCIPAL LITHOLOGICAL GROUPS

yet to be verified.
32
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
ANNEX D
(Foreword and Clause 3.11)
MSK 1964 INTENSITY SCALE
D-1 The following description shall be applicable. limits of sensibility; the tremor is detected and
a) Type of Structures (Buildings) recorded by seismograph only.
Type A Building in field-stone, rural ii)

structures, un-burnt brick houses, iii)
clay houses
II Scarcely Noticeable (Very Slight)
Type B Ordinary brick buildings, buildings
of large block and prefabricated i) Vibration is felt only by individual people at
type, half timbered structures, rest in houses, especially on upper floors of
buildings in natural hewn stone buildings.
Type C Reinforced buildings, well built ii)
wooden structures
iii)
b) Definition of Quantity
III Weak, Partially Observed
Single, few : About 5 percent
Many : About 50 percent i) The earthquake is felt indoors by a few people,
Most : About 75 percent outdoors only in favourable circumstances.
The vibration is like that due to the passing of
c) Classification of Damage to Buildings a light truck. Attentive observers notice a
slight swinging of hanging objects.
Classification Damage Description
ii)
Grade 1 Slight Fine cracks in plaster; fall
damage of small pieces of plaster iii)
Grade 2 Moderate Small cracks in walls; fall
damage of fairly larger pieces of IV Largely Observed
plaster; pantiles slip off; i) The earthquake is felt indoors by many
cracks in chimneys parts people, outdoors by few. Here and there
of chimney fall down people awake, but no one is frightened. The
Grade 3 Heavy Large and deep cracks in vibration is like that due to the passing of a
damage walls; fall of chimneys heavily loaded truck. Windows, doors, and
Grade 4 Destruction Gaps in walls; parts of dishes rattle. Floors and walls crack.
buildings may collapse; Furniture begins to shake. Hanging objects
separate parts of the swing slightly. Liquid in open vessels are
buildings lose their slightly disturbed. In standing motor cars the
cohesion; and inner shock is noticeable.
walls collapse
Grade 5 Total damage Total collapse of the ii)
building iii)
D-2 MSK INTENSITY SCALE V Awakening
D-2.1 The following introductory letters (i), (ii) and i) The earthquake is felt indoors by all, outdoors
(iii) have been used throughout the intensity scales by many. Many people awake. A few run
(I to XII), describing the following: outdoors. Animals become uneasy. Buildings
i) Persons and surroundings, tremble throughout. Hanging objects swing
considerably. Pictures knock against walls or
ii) Structures of all kinds, and swing out of place. Occasionally pendulum
iii) Nature. clocks stop. Unstable objects overturn or
shift. Open doors and windows are thrust
I Not Noticeable open and slam back again. Liquids spill in small
amounts from well-filled open containers. The
i) The intensity of the vibration is below the
34
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
sensation of vibration is like that due to heavy ii) Most buildings of Type C suffer damage of
objects falling inside the buildings. Grade 2, and few of Grade 3. Most buildings
of Type B suffer damage of Grade 3. Most
ii) Slight damages in buildings of Type A are
buildings of Type A suffer damage of Grade 4.
possible.
Occasional breaking of pipe seams. Memorials
iii) Slight waves on standing water. Sometimes and monuments move and twist. Tombstones
changes in flow of springs. overturn. Stone walls collapse.
VI Frightening iii) Small landslips in hollows and on banked

roads on steep slopes; cracks in ground up to
i) Felt by most indoors and outdoors. Many widths of several centimetres. Water in lakes
people in buildings are frightened and run become turbid. New reservoirs come into
outdoors. A few persons loose their balance. existence. Dry wells refill and existing wells
Domestic animals run out of their stalls. In become dry. In many cases, change in flow
few instances, dishes and glassware may and level of water is observed.
break, and books fall down, pictures move,
and unstable objects overturn. Heavy IX General Damage of Buildings
furniture may possibly move and small steeple
i) General panic; considerable damage to
bells may ring.
furniture. Animals run to and fro in confusion
ii) Damage of Grade 1 is sustained in single and cry.
buildings of Type B and in many of Type A.
ii) Many buildings of Type C suffer damage of
Damage in some buildings of Type A is of
Grade 3, and a few of Grade 4. Many buildings
Grade 2.
of Type B show a damage of Grade 4 and a
iii) Cracks up to widths of 10 mm possible in wet few of Grade 5. Many buildings of Type A
ground; in mountains occasional landslips: suffer damage of Grade 5. Monuments and
change in flow of springs and in level of well columns fall. Considerable damage to
water are observed. reservoirs; underground pipes partly broken.
In individual cases, railway lines are bent and
VII Damage of Buildings roadway damaged.
i) Most people are frightened and run outdoors. iii) On flat land overflow of water, sand and mud
Many find it difficult to stand. The vibration is often observed. Ground cracks to widths of
is noticed by persons driving motor cars. up to 10 cm, on slopes and river banks more
Large bells ring. than 10 cm. Furthermore, a large number of
ii) In many buildings of Type C damage of Grade 1 slight cracks in ground; falls of rock, many
is caused; in many buildings of Type B damage land slides and earth flows; large waves in
is of Grade 2. Most buildings of Type A suffer water. Dry wells renew their flow and existing
damage of Grade 3, few of Grade 4. In single wells dry up.
instances, landslides of roadway on steep
X General Destruction of Buildings
slopes: crack in roads; seams of pipelines
damaged; cracks in stone walls. i)
iii) Waves are formed on water, and water is made ii) Many buildings of Type C suffer damage of
turbid by mud stirred up. Water levels in wells Grade 4, and a few of Grade 5. Many buildings
change, and the flow of springs changes. of Type B show damage of Grade 5. Most of
Sometimes dry springs have their flow Type A has destruction of Grade 5. Critical
restored and existing springs stop flowing. In damage to dykes and dams. Severe damage
isolated instances parts of sand and gravelly to bridges. Railway lines are bent slightly.
banks slip off. Underground pipes are bent or broken. Road
paving and asphalt show waves.
VIII Destruction of Buildings
iii) In ground, cracks up to widths of several
i) Fright and panic; also persons driving motor centimetres, sometimes up to 1 m, parallel to
cars are disturbed. Here and there branches water courses occur broad fissures. Loose
of trees break off. Even heavy furniture moves ground slides from steep slopes. From river
and partly overturns. Hanging lamps are banks and steep coasts, considerable
damaged in part. landslides are possible. In coastal areas,
35
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
displacement of sand and mud; change of requires to be investigated specifically.

water level in wells; water from canals, lakes,
rivers, etc, thrown on land. New lakes occur. XII Landscape Changes
i)
XI Destruction
ii) Practically all structures above and below
i)
ground are greatly damaged or destroyed.
ii) Severe damage even to well built buildings,
iii) The surface of the ground is radically
bridges, water dams and railway lines.
changed. Considerable ground cracks with
Highways become useless. Underground
extensive vertical and horizontal movements
pipes destroyed.
are observed. Falling of rock and slumping of
iii) Ground considerably distorted by broad cracks river banks over wide areas, lakes are dammed;
and fissures, as well as movement in horizontal waterfalls appear and rivers are deflected. The
and vertical directions. Numerous landslips and intensity of the earthquake requires to be
falls of rocks. The intensity of the earthquake investigated specially.
ANNEX E
(Foreword)
LIST OF SOME TOWNS WITH POPULATION MORE THAN 3 LAKHS (as per CENSUS 2011)
AND THEIR SEISMIC ZONE FACTOR Z
Town Zone Z Town Zone Z

Agra III 0.16 Calicut (Kozhikode) III 0.16
Ahmedabad III 0.16 Chandigarh IV 0.24
Ajmer II 0.10 Chennai III 0.16
Allahabad II 0.10 Chitradurga II 0.10
Almora IV 0.24 Coimbatore III 0.16
Ambala IV 0.24 Cuddalore II 0.10
Amritsar IV 0.24 Cuttack III 0.16
Asansol III 0.16 Darbhanga V 0.36
Aurangabad II 0.10 Darjeeling IV 0.24
Bahraich IV 0.24 Dharwad III 0.16
Bangalore (Bengaluru) II 0.10 Dehra Dun IV 0.24
Barauni IV 0.24 Dharampuri III 0.16
Bareilly III 0.16 Delhi IV 0.24
Belgaum III 0.16 Durgapur III 0.16
Bhatinda III 0.16 Gangtok IV 0.24
Bhilai II 0.10 Guwahati V 0.36
Bhopal II 0.10 Gulbarga II 0.10
Bhubaneswar III 0.16 Gaya III 0.16
Bhuj V 0.36 Gorakhpur IV 0.24
Bijapur III 0.16 Hyderabad II 0.10
Bikaner III 0.16 Imphal V 0.36
Bokaro III 0.16 Jabalpur III 0.16
Bulandshahr IV 0.24 Jaipur II 0.10
Burdwan III 0.16 Jamshedpur II 0.10
36
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
Town Zone Z Town Zone Z

Jhansi II 0.10 Patna IV 0.24
Jodhpur II 0.10 Pilibhit IV 0.24
Jorhat V 0.36 Pondicherry (Puducherry) II 0.10
Kakrapara III 0.16 Pune III 0.16
Kalpakkam III 0.16 Raipur II 0.10
Kanchipuram III 0.16 Rajkot III 0.16
Kanpur III 0.16 Ranchi II 0.10
Karwar III 0.16 Roorkee IV 0.24
Kochi III 0.16 Rourkela II 0.10
Kohima V 0.36 Sadiya V 0.36
Kolkata III 0.16 Salem III 0.16
Kota II 0.10 Shillong V 0.36
Kurnool II 0.10 Shimla IV 0.24
Lucknow III 0.16 Sironj II 0.10
Ludhiana IV 0.24 Solapur III 0.16
Madurai II 0.10 Srinagar V 0.36
Mandi V 0.36 Surat III 0.16
Mangaluru III 0.16 Tarapur III 0.16
Mungher IV 0.24 Tezpur V 0.36
Moradabad IV 0.24 Thane III 0.16
Mumbai III 0.16 Thanjavur II 0.10
Mysuru II 0.10 Thiruvananthapuram III 0.16
Nagpur II 0.10 Tiruchirappalli II 0.10
Nagarjunasagar II 0.10 Tiruvannamalai III 0.16
Nainital IV 0.24 Udaipur II 0.10
Nashik III 0.16 Vadodara III 0.16
Nellore III 0.16 Varanasi III 0.16
Osmanabad III 0.16 Vellore III 0.16
Panjim III 0.16 Vijayawada III 0.16
Patiala III 0.16 Vishakhapatnam II 0.10
37
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
ANNEX F
(Clauses 3.12 and 6.3.5.3)
SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATION OF LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL
F-1 Due to the difficulties in obtaining and testing and high initial static shear stress using:
undisturbed representative samples from potentially
liquefiable sites, in-situ testing is the approach CRR = CRR7.5 ( MSF ) K ó K á ,
preferred widely for evaluating the liquefaction where
potential of a soil deposit. Liquefaction potential
CRR7.5= standard cyclic resistance ratio for a 7.5
assessment procedures involving both the SPT and
magnitude earthquake obtained using
CPT are widely used in practice. The most common
values of SPT or CPT or shear wave
procedure used in engineering practice for the
velocity (as per Step 6), and
assessment of liquefaction potential of sands and silts
is the simplified procedure. The procedure may be MSF = magnitude scaling factor given by
used with either standard penetration test (SPT) blow following equation:
count or cone penetration test (CPT) tip resistance or MSF = 102.24 M W2.56
shear wave velocity Vs measured within the deposit
as described below: This factor is required when the magnitude is different
than 7.5. The correction for high overburden stresses
Step 1 The subsurface data used to assess Kσ is required when overburden pressure is high
liquefaction susceptibility should include the location (depth > 15 m) and can be found using following
of the water table, either SPT blow count N or tip equation:
resistance qc of a CPT cone or shear wave velocity Vs,
( f −1)
unit weight, and fines content of the soil (percent by K ó = (σ vo
′ Pa )
weight passing the IS Standard Sieve No. 75 µ).
Step 2 Evaluate total vertical overburden stress σvo where σ 'vo effective overburden pressure and Pa
and effective vertical overburden stress σ 'vo at atmospheric pressure are measured in the same units
different depths for all potentially liquefiable layers and f is an exponent and its value depends on the
within the deposit. relative density Dr. For Dr = 40 percent ~ 60 percent,
f = 0.8 ~ 0.7 and for Dr = 60 percent ~ 80 percent,
Step 3 Evaluate stress reduction factor rd using: f = 0.7 ~ 0.6. The correction for static shear stresses Kα
is required only for sloping ground and is not required
1 − 0.00765 z 0 < z ≤ 9.15 m
rd =  in routine engineering practice. Therefore, in the scope
1.174 − 0.0267 z 9.15 m < z ≤ 23.0 m of this standard, value of Kα shall be assumed unity.
where z is the depth (in metre) below the ground surface. For assessing liquefaction susceptibility using:
Step 4 Calculate cyclic stress ratio CSR induced by a) SPT, go to Step 6(a) or
the earthquake using: b) CPT, go to Step 6(b) or
 a  σ  c) Shear wave velocity, go to Step 6(c).

CSR = 0.65  max   vo  rd ,
 g   σ 'vo  Step 6 Obtain cyclic resistance ratio CRR7.5,
6(a) Using values of SPT
where
amax = peak ground acceleration (PGA) preferably Evaluate the SPT (standard penetration test)
in terms of g, blow count N60, for a hammer efficiency of
60 percent. Specifications for standardized
g = acceleration due to gravity, and
equipment are given in Table 11. If equipment
rd = stress reduction factor. used is of non-standard type, N60 shall be
If value of PGA is not available, the ratio (amax/g) may obtained using measured value (N):
be taken equal to seismic zone factor Z (as per Table 3).
N 60 = NC60 ,
Step 5 Obtain cyclic resistance ratio CRR by where
correcting standard cyclic resistance ratio CRR7.5 for
earthquake magnitude, high overburden stress level C60 = CHT CHW CSSCRL CBD .
38
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
Factors C HT , C HW , C SS , C RL and C BD where

recommended by various investigators for
some common non-standard SPT for FC ≤ 5
α =0 β =1
configurations are provided in Table 12. For percent
SPT conducted as per IS 2131, the energy   190 
1.76 −   for 5 percent
delivered to the drill rod is about 60 percent   FC 2  FC1.5
α =e β = 0.99 + < FC < 35
therefore, C60 may be assumed as 1. The 1 000 percent
computed N60 is normalized to an effective .
overburden pressure of approximately 100 kPa for FC ≥ 35
α = 0.5 β = 1.2
using overburden correction factor CN using: percent
( N1 )60 = CN N60 , Again, Fig. 8 can be used to estimate CRR7.5,

where where (N1)60CS shall be used instead of (N1)60
and only SPT clean sand based curve shall be
Pa used irrespective of fines contents. The
CN = ≤ 1.7 ,
σ 'vo CRR 7.5 can be estimated using following
equation, instead of Fig. 8:
The cyclic resistance ratio CRR7.5 is estimated
from Fig. 8, using (N1)60 value. 1 ( N1 )60CS
CRR7.5 = + +
Effect of fines content FC (in percent) can be 34 − ( N1 )60CS 135
rationally accounted by correcting (N1)60 and 50 1
2 −
finding (N1)60CS as follows: 10 × ( N1 )60CS + 45  200
( N1 )60CS = α + β ( N1 )60 ,
FIG . 8 RELATION BETWEEN CRR AND (N1)60 FOR S AND FOR M W7.5 EARTHQUAKES
39
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
6(b) Using values of CPT (qC1N)CS = kC qC1N

The CPT procedure requires normalization of where
measured cone tip resistance q c using kC = Correction factor to account for grain
atmospheric pressure Pa and correction for characteristics
overburden pressure CQ as follows:
1.0 (for I ≤ 1.64)
=  c
q  −0.403 I c + 5.581I c − 21.63 I c + 33.75 I c −17.88
4 3 2
qC1N = CQ  c  ,
P 
a (for Ic > 1.64), and
where qCIN is normalized dimensionless cone 2 2

Ic = (3.47 − log Q ) + (1.22 − log F )
penetration resistance, and
n
n  q − σ vo   Pa 
 P  Q= c   
CQ =  a  ′ 
 Pa   σ vo
 σ 'vo 
 fs 
0.5 for sand F = 100   percent , and
n=  qc − σ vo 
1 for clay
where fs = measured sleeve friction.
The normalized penetration resistance qC1N Using (qC1N)CS find the value of CRR7.5 using Fig. 9.
for silty sands is corrected to an equivalent Alternatively, the CRR 7.5 can be found using
clean sand value (qC1N)CS by the following following equations:
relation:
FIG. 9 R ELATION BETWEEN CRR AND (qC1N)CS FOR MW7.5 EARTHQUAKES
40
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
where Vs1* is limiting upper value of Vs1 for

  ( q C1N )CS 
0.833  + 0.05, 0 < (q C1N )CS < 50 liquefaction occurrence; a and b are curve
  1 000  fitting parameters. The values of a and b in
CRR7.5 = 
  ( q C1N )CS 
3
Fig. 10 are 0.022 and 2.8, respectively. Vs1* can
93
   + 0.08, 50 ≤ ( q C1N )CS < 160
  1 000  be assumed to vary linearly from 200 m/s for
soils with fine content of 35 percent, to 215 m/s
6(c) Using shear wave velocity:
for soils with fine contents of 5 percent or less.
Apply correction for overburden stress to
shear wave velocity Vs for clean sands using: Step 7 Calculate the factor of safety FS against initial
liquefaction using:
0.25
 P 
Vs1 =  a  Vs CRR
′  FS = ,
 σ vo CSR
where (V s1) is overburden stress corrected
shear wave velocity. Using Vs1 find the value where CSR is as estimated in Step 4 and CRR in Step 5.
of CRR7.5 using Fig. 10. Alternatively, the When the design ground motion is conservative,
CRR7.5 can be found using following equation: earthquake related permanent ground deformation is
2
generally small, if FS ≥ 1.2 .
V   1 1 
CRR7.5 = a  s1  + b  * − * Step 8 If FS < 1, then the soil is assumed to liquefy.
 100  V
 s1 − Vs1 Vs1 
FIG. 10 RELATION BETWEEN CRR AND VS1 FOR MW7.5 EARTHQUAKES
41
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
Table 11 Recommended Standardized SPT Equipment (see IS 2131)

[Clause F-1, Step: 6(a)]
Sl No. Element Standard Specification
(1) (2) (3)
i) Sampler Standard split-spoon sampler with, outside diameter, OD = 51 mm; and inside diameter, ID = 35 mm
(constant, that is, no room for liners in the barrel)
ii) Drill rods A or AW type for depths less than 15.2 m; N or NW type for greater depths
iii) Hammer Standard (safety) hammer with,
a) weight = 63.5 kg; and
b) drop height = 762 mm (delivers 60 percent of theoretical free fall energy)
iv) Rope Two wraps of rope around the pulley
v) Borehole 100-130 mm diameter rotary borehole with bentonite mud for borehole stability (hollow stem augers
where SPT is taken through the stem)
vi) Drill bit Upward deflection of drilling mud (tricone or baffled drag bit)
vii) Blow count rate 30 to 40 blows per minute
viii) Penetration Measured over range of 150 mm 450 mm of penetration into the ground
resistant count
Table 12 Correction Factors for Non-Standard SPT Procedures and Equipment

[Clause F-1, Step: 6(a)]
Sl No. Correction for Correction Factor

(1) (2) (3)
i) Non-standard hammer weight or height of fall 0.75 (for Donut hammer with rope and pulley)
CHT =
1.33 (for Donut hammer with trip/auto)
and
Energy ratio = 80 percent
HW
ii) Non-standard hammer weight or height of fall CHW =
48387
where
H = height of fall (mm), and
W = hammer weight (kg)
iii) Non-standard sampler setup (standard samples with 1.1 (for loose sand)
CSS =
room for liners, but used without liners) 1.2 (for dense sand)
iv) Non-standard sampler setup (standard samples with 0.9 (for loose sand)
CSS =
room for liners, but liners are used) 0.8 (for dense sand)
= 0.75 (for rod length 0-3 m)
v) Short rod length CRL = = 0.85 (for rod length 4-6 m)
vi) Nonstandard borehole diameter 1.00 (for bore hole diameter of 65-115 mm)
CBD = = 1.05 (for bore hole diameter of 150 mm)
= 1.15 (for bore hole diameter of 200 mm)
NOTES
1 N = Uncorrected SPT blow count.
2 C60 = CHT CHW CSSCRL CBD
3 N 60 = NC60
4 CN = Correction factor for overburden pressure ( N1 )60 = CN C60 N .
42
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
ANNEX G
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee, CED 39
Organization Representative(s)
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee DR D. K. PAUL (Chairman)

Association of Consulting Civil Engineers, Bengaluru SHRI SANDEEP SHIRKHEDKAR
SHRI A SWATH M U (Alternate)
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai SHRI L. R. BISHNOI
SHRI ROSHAN A. D. (Alternate)
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, New Delhi SHRI RAVI KUMAR
SHRI HEMANT MALHOTRA (Alternate)
Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council, New Delhi SHRI J. K. P RASAD
SHRI PANKAJ GUPTA (Alternate)
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi CHIEF ENGINEER (CDO)
SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (D) II (Alternate)
Central Soils and Materials Research Station, New Delhi SHRI NRIPENDRA KUMAR
DR MANISH G UPTA (Alternate)
Central Water Commission, New Delhi DIRECTOR CMDD (E & NE)
DIRECTOR, EMBANKMENT (Alternate)
Creative Design Consultants Private Limited, Ghaziabad SHRI AMAN DEEP
SHRI BARJINDER SINGH (Alternate)
CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee DR NAVJEEV S AXENA
DR AJAY CHOURASIA (Alternate)
CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad DR M. RAVI KUMAR
D R N. PURNACHANDRA RAO (Alternate)
CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, Chennai DR K. MUTHUMANI
DR N. GOPALAKRISHNAN (Alternate)
D-CAD Technologies, New Delhi DR K. G. BHATIA
DDF Consultants Pvt Ltd, New Delhi DR P RATIMA R. BOSE
SHRI SADANAND OJHA (Alternate)
Directorate General of Border Roads, New Delhi SHRI A. K. DIXIT
Engineers India Limited, New Delhi MS ILA D ASS
DR G. G. SRINIVAS ACHARY (Alternate)
Gammon India Limited, Mumbai SHRI V. N. H EGGADE
SHRI A NAND DESAI (Alternate)
Geological Survey of India, Lucknow SHRI K. C. JOSHI
Housing & Urban Development Corporation Limited, New Delhi SHRI SAMIR MITRA
Indian Association of Structural Engineers, New Delhi SHRI S. C. MEHROTRA
SHRI ALOK BHOWMICK (Alternate)
Indian Concrete Institute, Chennai DR K. P. J AYA
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai DR RAVI SINHA
DR ALOK GOYAL (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar DR SURESH RANJAN DASH
Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, DR SUDHIR K. JAIN
DR AMIT P RASHANT (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati DR HEMANT B. KAUSHIK
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur DR DURGESH C. RAI
Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur DR C. V. R. MURTY
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai DR A. MEHER P RASAD
DR RUPEN GOSWAMI (Alternate I)
DR A RUN M ENON (Alternate II)
43
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016
Organization Representative(s)
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee DR YOGENDRA SINGH

DR MANISH SHRIKHANDE (Alternate I)
D R ASHOK MATHUR (Alternate II)
D R B. K. MAHESHWARI (Alternate III)
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad DR R. PRADEEP K UMAR
Indian Road Congress, New Delhi SECRETARY GENERAL
DIRECTOR (Alternate)
Indian Society of Earthquake Technology, Roorkee DR H. R. W ASON
D R M. L. SHARMA (Alternate)
Military Engineer Services, Engineer-in-Chief s Branch, BRIG SANDEEP RAWAT
Army HQ, New Delhi LT COL G AURAV KAUSHIK (Alternate)
Ministry of Earth Sciences, National Centre for Seismology, DR O. P. M ISHRA
New Delhi D R H. S. M ANDAL (Alternate)
National Council for Cement and Building Materials, Ballabgarh SHRI V. V. A RORA
National Disaster Management Authority, New Delhi SHRI SACHIDANAND SINGH
DR SUSANTA KUMAR JENA (Alternate)
National Thermal Power Corporation, Noida SHRI PRAVEEN K HANDELWAL
SHRI SAURABH GUPTA (Alternate)
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited, Mumbai SHRI ARVIND SHRIVASTAVA
SHRI RAGUPATI ROY (Alternate)
Research, Designs and Standards Organization, Lucknow EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR (B&S)
DIRECTOR (B&S)/SB-I (Alternate)
RITES Limited, Gurugram GROUP GENARAL MANAGER (CED)
Risk Management Solutions Inc (RMSI), Noida SHRI SUSHIL G UPTA
Tandon Consultants Private Limited, New Delhi PROF MAHESH T ANDON
SHRI VINAY K. GUPTA (Alternate)
Tata Consulting Engineers, Mumbai SHRI K. V. S UBRAMANIAN
SHRI B. B. GHARAT (Alternate)
VMS Consultants Private Limited, Mumbai MS ALPA R. SHETH
SHRI R. D. CHAUDHARI (Alternate)
Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur DR O. R. JAISWAL
D R R. K. INGLE (Alternate)
Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun DR RAJESH SHARMA
DR VIKRAM GUPTA (Alternate)
In personal capacity, [L-802, Design Arch, e-Homes, DR A. S. ARYA
Sector-5, Vaishali, Gaziabad]
In personal capacity [174/2 F, Solanipuram, Roorkee] D R S. K. THAKKAR
In personal capacity [36 Old Sneh Nagar, Wardha Raod, Nagpur] SHRI L. K. JAIN
In personal capacity [H-102, V.V.I.P. Addresses, Raj Nagar DR A. K. MITTAL
Extension, Ghaziabad]
In personal capacity [Flat No. 220, Ankur Apartments, DR V. THIRUVENGADAM
Patparganj, Delhi]
BIS Directorate General SHRI SANJAY P ANT, SCEINTIST E AND H EAD (CIVIL ENGINEERING)
[Representing Director General (Ex-Officio)]
Member Secretary
SHRI S. A RUN KUMAR
SCIENTIST D (CIVIL ENGINEERING), BIS
Composition of the Drafting Group under CED 39
Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur DR C. V. R. MURTY

Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai DR RUPEN GOSWAMI
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai DR RAVI SINHA
VMS Consulting Private Limited, Mumbai MS ALPA R. SHETH
44
c) Bases of various load combinations to be considered have been made consistent for earthquake effects,
with those specified in the other codes;
d) Temporary structures are brought under the purview of this standard;
e) Importance factor provisions have been modified to introduce intermediate importance category of
buildings, to acknowledge the density of occupancy of buildings;
f) A provision is introduced to ensure that all buildings are designed for at least a minimum lateral force;
g) Buildings with flat slabs are brought under the purview of this standard;
h) Additional clarity is brought in on how to handle different types of irregularity of structural system;
j) Effect of masonry infill walls has been included in analysis and design of frame buildings;
k) Method is introduced for arriving at the approximate natural period of buildings with basements, step
back buildings and buildings on hill slopes;
m) Provisions on torsion have been simplified; and
n) Simplified method is introduced for liquefaction potential analysis.
In the formulation of this standard, effort has been made to coordinate with standards and practices prevailing in
different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country. Assistance has particularly
been derived from the following publications:
1) IBC 2015, International Building Code, International Code Council, USA, 2015
2) NEHRP 2009, NEHRP Recommended Seismic Provisions for New Buildings and Other Structures, Report No.
FEMA P-750, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC, USA, 2009
3) ASCE/SEI 7-10, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, American Society of Civil
Engineers, USA, 2010
4) NZS 1170.5: 2004, Structural Design Actions, Part 5: Earthquake Actions New Zealand, Standards New
Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand, 2004
Also, considerable assistance has been given by Indian Institutes of Technology, Jodhpur, Madras, Bombay,
Roorkee and Kanpur; Geological Survey of India; India Meteorological Department, National Centre for Seismology
(Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt of India) and several other organizations. Significant improvements have been
made to the standard based on findings of a project entitled, Review of Building Codes and Preparation of
Commentary and Handbooks awarded to IIT Kanpur by the Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority
(GSDMA), Gandhinagar, through World Bank finances during 2003-2004.
The units used with the items covered by the symbols shall be consistent throughout this standard, unless
specifically noted otherwise.
The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex G.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960
Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised). The number of significant places retained in the rounded off
value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
and attending to connected matters in the country.
Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form
without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Review of Indian Standards
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
BIS Catalogue and Standards : Monthly Additions.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: CED 39 (7975).
Amendments Issued Since Publication
Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002
Telephones : 2323 0131, 2323 3375, 2323 9402 Website: www.bis.gov.in
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NAGPUR. PARWANOO. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. VISAKHAPATNAM.
Published by BIS, New Delhi

Bureau UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR RESEARCH DESIGNS & STANDARDS ORGANISATION (RDSO) - LUCKNOW ON 1/8/2006 1:59:55 AM (10.100.11
ICENSE FROM BIS FOR RESEARCH DESIGNS & STANDARDS ORGANISATION (RDSO) - LUCKNOW ON 1/8/2006
AMENDMENT NO. 1 SEPTEMBER 2017
TO
IS 1893 (PART 1) : 2016 CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE
RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES
PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS AND BUILDINGS
(Sixth Revision)
(Page 7, clause 6.3.2.2, line 3) — Substitute ‘Table 5(v)’ for ‘Table 5(e)’.
(Page 21, clause 7.4.2) — Insert the following new clause at the end:
‘7.5 Minimum Design Lateral Force
See 7.2.2.’
[Page 21, clause 7.6.2(b)] — Substitute the following for the existing
formula of Aw:
𝑁𝑁w
𝐿𝐿wi 2
𝐴𝐴w = � �𝐴𝐴wi �0.2 + � ��
ℎ
𝑖𝑖=1
(Page 27, clause 7.11.3, para 2, line 3) — Substitute ‘ (R1∆1 + R2 ∆ 2 ) / 2 ’ for

‘( R1 ∆1 + R2 ∆ 2 )’.
(Page 37, Annex E) — Substitute ‘Thiruvannamalai’ for ‘Tiruvannamalai’.
[Page 39, clause F-1, step 6(a)] — In para 4 under step 6(a), substitute ‘α = 5’
for ‘α = 0.5’
(CED 39)
Publication Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India

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(RDSO) - LUCKNOW ON 1/8/2006 1:59:55 AM (10.100.117.113) valid uptp 8/13/2019

la jpukvksa osQ HkwdEijks/h fMtkbu osQ

Criteria for Earthquake Resistant

Hkkjrh; ekud C;wjks

December 2016 Price Group 13

Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee, CED 39

IS No. Title 3.5 Design Horizontal Acceleration Coefficient (Ah) 

L Dimension of a building in a considered 6 GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND DESIGN

IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016

© Government of India Copyright, 2016

FIG. 1 SEISMIC ZONES OF INDIA

FIG. 2 DESIGN A CCELERATION COEFFICIENT (Sa /g) (CORRESPONDING TO 5 PERCENT D AMPING)

Table 4 Classification of Types of Soils for Determining the Spectrum to be Used to

 2 Z  Sl No. Type of Plan Irregularity

A/L >0.15 A/L1> 0.15

3E NON-PARALLEL LATERAL FORCE SYSTEM:

FIG. 3 DEFINITIONS OF IRREGULAR BUILDINGS  PLAN IRREGULARITIES

Table 5  (Concluded) Table 6 Definition of Irregular Buildings  Vertical

Table 6  (Concluded) 7.2 Lateral Force

Ki+1 Ki+1 > Ki+2

4C VERTICAL GEOMETRIC IRREGULARITY

4D IN-PLANE DISCONTINUITY IN VERTICAL

4E STRENGTH IRREGULARITY (WEAK STOREY)

FIG. 4 DEFINITIONS OF IRREGULAR BUILDINGS  V ERTICAL IRREGULARITIES

i) Moment Frame Systems

7.3.6 In buildings that have interior partitions, the where

FIG . 5 DEFINITIONS OF H EIGHT AND BASE WIDTH OF BUILDINGS

  Usually, reinforced concrete monolithic slab-beam

7.7.4 Time History Method

7.7.5.1 Natural modes of oscillation ωi = circular natural frequency in mode i.

ω j = circular natural frequency in mode j; and n = number of floors of the structure.

b) Mode participation factor  Mode where

b i = floor plan dimension of floor i, perpendicular

Froof = Vroof , and where fm is the compressive strength of masonry prism

FIG. 7 EQUIVALENT DIAGONAL STRUT OF URM 7.11 Deformation

IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016

© Government of India Copyright, 2016

IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016

Based upon Survey of India Political map printed in 2002.

IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2016

© Government of India Copyright, 2016

Type A  Building in field-stone, rural ii) 

VI Frightening iii) Small landslips in hollows and on banked

displacement of sand and mud; change of requires to be investigated specifically.

Town Zone Z Town Zone Z

Town Zone Z Town Zone Z

 a  σ  c) Shear wave velocity, go to Step 6(c).

Factors C HT , C HW , C SS , C RL and C BD where

( N1 )60 = CN N60 , Again, Fig. 8 can be used to estimate CRR7.5,

6(b) Using values of CPT (qC1N)CS = kC qC1N

where qCIN is normalized dimensionless cone 2 2

FIG. 9 R ELATION BETWEEN CRR AND (qC1N)CS FOR MW7.5 EARTHQUAKES

where Vs1* is limiting upper value of Vs1 for

FIG. 10 RELATION BETWEEN CRR AND VS1 FOR MW7.5 EARTHQUAKES

Table 11 Recommended Standardized SPT Equipment (see IS 2131)

Table 12 Correction Factors for Non-Standard SPT Procedures and Equipment

Sl No. Correction for Correction Factor

4 CN = Correction factor for overburden pressure ( N1 )60 = CN C60 N .

IS No. Title 3.5 Design Horizontal Acceleration Coefficient (Ah)

FIG. 3 DEFINITIONS OF IRREGULAR BUILDINGS PLAN IRREGULARITIES

Table 5 (Concluded) Table 6 Definition of Irregular Buildings Vertical

Table 6 (Concluded) 7.2 Lateral Force

FIG. 4 DEFINITIONS OF IRREGULAR BUILDINGS V ERTICAL IRREGULARITIES

b) Mode participation factor Mode where

Type A Building in field-stone, rural ii)