Development of Gas Turbine Combustors For Fuel Flexibility 2 PDF

8th International Gas Turbine Conference
The Future of Gas Turbine Technology
Development of Gas Turbine Combustors

for Fuel Flexibility
Tomohiro Asai, Keisuke Miura, Yoshinori Matsubara,

Yasuhiro Akiyama, Mitsuhiro Karishuku, Satoschi Dodo,
Teruyuki Okazaki, Satoshi Tanimura
Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd.
October 13, 2016, Brussels, Belgium
Outline
1. MHPS Line-up of Gas Turbines

2. Addressing Fuel Flexibility
3. GT Combustors for Natural Gas & Low Btu Fuels
4. Multi-Cluster Combustor for IGCC Syngas Fuels
5. Multi-Cluster Combustor for Dual Gaseous Fuels
(Natural Gas/Petroleum Gas)
6. Summary and Next Steps
© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 1

Outline


1-1 MHPS GT Line-up (50 Hz) - Power Output
800
680
700
Power output (MW)
600
525
498
500 478 470
400 359
324 334
300 Simple cycle
213
200 Combined cycle
157 144
112
100 82
42 59 57
0
H-25 H-50 H-100 M701DA M701F4 M701F5 M701G2 M701J
GT series
1-2 MHPS GT Line-up (50 Hz) - C/C efficiency
65
Combined cycle efficiency
J series
F701F5 M701J
M701F4
60 F series
M701F3
(%LHV)
M701G2
G series
55 H-50/H-100
H series
D series H-25
M701DA
50
(ISO, 1GT+1ST, Gas fuel)
1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700

45 Turbine inlet temperature (°C)
Outline


2 Addressing Fuel Flexibility
Medium Btu High Btu

Low← Flame speed →High
Low Btu
With increasing
carbon capture rate
IGCC*1 syngas
Hydrocarbon
Oxygen-blown Part 4
Oxygen-blown fuels
nitrogen mixture
Air-blown
Natural gas Petroleum gas
& higher
hydrocarbon
By-product
Oil refinery gas Part 5
gases BFG/LDG*3/COG
mixed gas
BFG*2 COG*4 & Mine Gas
Part 3
1 10 100
Volumetric net calorific value of fuel (MJ/Nm3)
*1 IGCC: coal-based Integration Gasification Combined Cycle
*2 BFG: Blast Furnace Gas, *3 LDG: Linz-Donawitz converter Gas, *4 COG: Coke Oven Gas
Outline


3-1 J-Series DLNC* for Natural Gas
●Combustor design concept
1. Steam-cooled technology for cooling the combustion liner
2. Advanced fuel nozzle “V-nozzle” for minimizing NOx
by homogeneous fuel-air mixing
Air Fuel
Air Fuel
Swirler V-nozzle
Swirler
Conventional fuel nozzle Advanced fuel nozzle
*DLNC: Dry Low NOx Combustor

3-2 Diffusion-Flame Combustor for Low Btu Fuels
●Technical hurdles with low Btu fuels (BFG)
・Limited stable range, low flame speed, large amounts of fuel & air
→ Ensuring flame stability is required
●Design concept for BFG-fueled diffusion-flame combustor
1. Basket with increased diameter for ensuring flame stability
2. Fuel swirler for decreasing excessive nozzle pressure loss
Fuel swirler Basket
Gas fuel
Air swirler
Outline


4-1 Application to IGCC Syngas Fuels
●Feature: H2-rich syngas fuels in O2-blown IGCC with CCS*
●Hurdle: Conventional combustors are incapable of achieving highly
efficient and low-emissions power generation for H2-rich fuels.
●Solution: Advanced combustion technologies for “dry” (diluent-free)
low-NOx for high efficiencies and low emissions
Premixed Diffusion-flame
N2 11% 11% 11% combustor combustor
11% 5% Flashback-resistant
30% Flashback-prone
43% Type Fuel Fuel
CO + Air
60% Air
84% Diluents High-temp.
Low-temp. regions (water, steam, N2) regions
58%
46% Merit Low NOx Flashback-resistant
H2
27%
Demerit Flashback-prone Efficiency decrease
0% 30% 50% 90%
IGCC
Carbon capture rate experience No Yes
© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved. *CCS: Carbon Capture & Storage 11
4-2 Multi-Cluster Combustor
Air hole
Lifted flame
Air
Fuel
Lifted flame
Fuel
nozzle
(Side view) (Front view)
(A-A)
Key element Cluster burner Multi-cluster combustor
A
B
Compressor Turbine
(B-B)
B Multi-can combustor
4-3 Concept of Cluster Burner
●Integration of two key tech.: Low-NOx & Flashback-resistant
1. Low-NOx 2. Flashback-resistant
Short premixing section
Rapid mixing
Air-stream-surrounded fuel jet
Single Air hole Rapid mixing Short premixing section
air Air Air
hole Fuel Fuel
Air hole entrance exit Air-stream-surrounded fuel jet
Fuel dispersion Flame lifting

Multi-
air Multiple Lifted
hole coaxial jets flame

4-4 Operating Principle of Flame Lifting
●The cluster burner can lift the flame for flashback-resistant
combustion by producing converging and diverging swirl flows.
Lifted flame
Recirculation flow
Axial distance (X)

Diverging
swirl flow
Flame anchoring
point dP/dX＞0
(Adverse)
Converging dP/dX＜0
swirl flow (Favorable)
Pressure P
Fuel One cluster burner Pressure profile
Air
4-5 Functions of Each Burner
●The multi-cluster combustor assigns specific functions to each
burner for stable flame-holding and low-NOx.
Pilot burner
Flame-holding
(center: 1)
Main burners
Low-NOx
(surrounding: 6)
Oil spray nozzle Gas turbine

(center: 1) startup

4-6 Fuel Staging & Fuel Supplying System
●The combustor can achieve low emissions & high operability
over the operating range by switching combustion modes.
●The fuel supplying system consists of one oil fuel circuit
and five gas fuel circuits for high operability.
Ignition
Acceleration Gas turbine load
Fuel Oil Syngas
Mode Oil mode Partial mode Final mode
Operating
burners

4-7 IGCC Pilot Plant “EAGLE”
Gas
100 CH4
Coal Raw syngas Clean syngas CO2
Gasifier cleanup capture CO2
unit unit
N2
O2 Clean syngas
Air Air (Diluent N2) Gas

separation
unit for oil fuel turbine
operation
50
Air separation Gasifier CO
unit
Gas
cleanup
unit H2
CO2 capture unit Gas turbine 0
(vol.%)
IGCC pilot plant “EAGLE” (J-POWER) Syngas mix
4-8 Plant Test Results
●The multi-cluster combustor achieved dry low NOx combustion
of H2-rich syngas fuel in the IGCC pilot plant
●The combustor achieved stable operation during part load with
the pressure fluctuation amplitudes well below the criterion.
Normalized max. amplitude (-)

100 1.2
NOx@15%O2 (ppm)
Oil Criterion
80 Syngas 1.0
Oil
Oil mode 0.8 Syngas
60
Partial mode 0.6
40 Oil mode
0.4 Partial mode
Final mode
20 0.2 Final mode
0 0.0
0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80
Gas turbine load (%) Gas turbine load (%)
NOx emissions Pressure fluctuations
Outline


5-1 Application to Natural Gas/Petroleum Gas
●Motivation: The increasing petroleum gas (LPG) production with
shale gas/oil increases the demand for LPG as a GT fuel.
●Purpose: Application of dual fuels of natural gas/petroleum gas
Properties Unit Natural gas Petroleum gas
Constituents CH4 vol% 90.6 －
C2H6 vol% 5.1 0.7
C3H8 vol% 2.8 98.9
C4H10 vol% 1.4 0.4
Density kg/Nm3 0.80 1.96
Net calorific value MJ/Nm3 40.0 91.1
Stoichi. flame temp.*1 °C 1937 1994
Minimum ignition temp. °C 537 466
Normalized flame speed - 1.0 1.1
Dew point *2 °C -96 78
© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved.
*1 at atmospheric press. & room temp. 20
*2 at 3.0 MPa(A)
5-2 Multi-Cluster Combustor for Dual Gas Fuels
●Application to dual gaseous fuels of natural gas/petroleum gas
●The combustor is equipped with a pilot burner at the center and
six main burners around the pilot for burning gaseous fuels.
A pair of an air hole

and a fuel nozzle
Pilot burner Main burners
Outer casing Liner

5-3 Single-Can Combustor Test Stand
Heat insulator-covered
flexible hose Single-can combustor
Combustion
air
Fuel outlet ports
Preheater
LPG supplying
Air compressor Vaporized LPG facilities
5-4 LPG Supplying Facilities
LPG supply source Vaporizer

LPG Tank
Booster
pump
Steam
supplying system
Vaporized LPG Natural gas
supplying line supplying line

5-5 Flames in Fuel Staging
Gas turbine load
Mode Pilot Partial A Partial B Final
Operating
burners*
Natural
gas
flames
Petroleum
gas
flames
*Colored regions indicate operating burners
5-6 NOx Performance
●The results indicated that the combustor has the capability to
achieve dry low NOx & flashback-resistant combustion of the
dual gaseous fuels.
5.0
Normalized NOx (-)
Natural gas
4.0 Petroleum gas
Inner fuel
3.0 Stable ranges Outer fuel
Inner fuel ratio
2.0
Gin
Rin=
Gin + Gout
1.0
0.0
Inner fuel ratio Rin (%)
NOx emissions at base load
Outline


6-1 Summary
●Development of multi-cluster combustors as an advanced
dry low NOx & flashback-resistant combustion technology
for fuel flexibility
1. IGCC syngas fuel

The pilot plant tests demonstrated the feasibility of achieving
the dry low NOx & flashback-resistant combustion of the IGCC
syngas fuel.
2. Dual gaseous fuels of natural gas/petroleum gas

The single-can test results showed that the combustor
possesses the capability to achieve dry low NOx &
flashback-resistant combustion of the dual gaseous fuels.

6-2 Next Steps
●O2-blown IGCC demonstration test of the Osaki

CoolGen Corporation
・Based on the experiences in the pilot plant test, a multi-
cluster combustor was developed & installed in the
demonstration plant.
・The demonstration test will start in March 2017.
●Application of multi-cluster combustors to gas turbines

with large capacities.

Acknowledgements
The authors sincerely thank …

・New Energy and Industrial Technology Development
Organization (NEDO) of Japan for sponsoring the
IGCC project
・J-POWER for supporting the IGCC pilot plant test
・Osaki CoolGen Corporation for providing valuable

guidance and support

Thank you so much for your attention!

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8th International Gas Turbine Conference

The Future of Gas Turbine Technology

Development of Gas Turbine Combustors

Tomohiro Asai, Keisuke Miura, Yoshinori Matsubara,

1. MHPS Line-up of Gas Turbines

© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 1

1. MHPS Line-up of Gas Turbines

© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 2

1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700

1. MHPS Line-up of Gas Turbines

© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 5

Medium Btu High Btu

1. MHPS Line-up of Gas Turbines

© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 7

*DLNC: Dry Low NOx Combustor

Fuel swirler Basket

1. MHPS Line-up of Gas Turbines

© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 10

Air hole entrance exit Air-stream-surrounded fuel jet

Fuel dispersion Flame lifting

© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 13

Axial distance (X)

Oil spray nozzle Gas turbine

© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 15

© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 16

Air Air (Diluent N2) Gas

Normalized max. amplitude (-)

1. MHPS Line-up of Gas Turbines

© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 19

A pair of an air hole

Pilot burner Main burners

Outer casing Liner

Fuel outlet ports

LPG supply source Vaporizer

© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 23

1. MHPS Line-up of Gas Turbines

© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 26

1. IGCC syngas fuel

2. Dual gaseous fuels of natural gas/petroleum gas

© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 27

●O2-blown IGCC demonstration test of the Osaki

●Application of multi-cluster combustors to gas turbines

© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 28

The authors sincerely thank …

・J-POWER for supporting the IGCC pilot plant test

・Osaki CoolGen Corporation for providing valuable

© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 29

© 2016 MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. All Rights Reserved. 30

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