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PROPUCTS LIMITE Pi Instruments

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IN THE JET AGE

EFFICIENCY AND RELIABILITY,

AND CONSIST A NT, SUSTAINED PERFORMANCE

ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS.

ADCOLA SOLDERING INSTRUMENTS MEET THESE NEEDS

AND GO ON MEETING THEM, DAY AFTER DAY, YEAR AFTER YEAR,

WITH UNFAILING REGULARITY.

LEADING MANUFACTURERS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD LIKE THIS,

THEY ALSO LIKE THE QUICK SERVICE WHEN REPLACEMENTS

DO BECOME NECESSARY. SO THEY SPECIFY ADCOLA.

WHY DON'T YOU!

SEND COUPON
AVAiLABLE FROM SHOPS EVERYWHERE FOR LATEST LEAFLET
OR DIRECT FROM
NAME
SALES & SERVICE DIVISION,
ADDRESS
ADCOLA PRODUCTS LTD.,
ADCOLA HOUSE,
GAUDEN ROAD,
LONDON, S.W.4.
TELEPHONE 01-622 0291 UP-,16I I
TCC G-1120 FANTAVOX 500
HEADPHONE/BOOM 12 WATT STEREO
MICROPHONE SET
This lightweight headphone and boom microphonc AMPLIFIER
assembly is especially sol table for TV camera
crews, communications
recording studios, etc.equipment,
The fullylanguage labs.,
adjustable This outstanding amplifier incorpor-
headset is extremely comfortable to wear for long ates all theunitfeatures
expensive but at expected of an
a budget price.
periods. Low impedance microphone allows The amplifier has for
separate
long cables to be used without any signal loss.
Used withconstant
a Tape Recorder this High
assembly will volume controls both tone and
channels
provide monitoring. quality plus stero mono switch and tuner
specification and superb finish at a price you can output
attractivesocket.
walnutFinished
grained inmetal
au
afford.
Headset spec.: Dynamic impedance 16 ohms. cabinet with anodised pale gold
metal front panel. Brief epcc:
Phono/■
Frequency res. 20-14-1000Hz. Input 200mW. 12 transistors, 240-20,000
silicon diodes. Output, Peak power 12 watts
Cord length 69in with jack plug fitted. Mic. spec:. Impedance dynamic 200 ohms.
Frequency res. 200-8000H2. sensitivity 75dB. Cord length 6ain complete with jack plug- Freq.
TunerResponee:
250mV. Size; 9ix3Jx5im. Hz, Output impedance 4-16 ohms. Input(6 sensitivity.
watts per channel)

LASKY'S LASKY'S Post

PRICE £6.5.0 PRICE 612.IO.O . 3/-

TTC Model A-1008

SPECIALIST RELAYS NEW BUDGET FM TUNER
SCHRACK 4 POLE For
A-1008 FM Tuner is unbeatable. ProbablyModel
size, quality and price we fee! sure the the
12 WAY world's
and 3 mostdiodecompact
printedFMcircuit,
tuner with
self 6powered—
transistor
This stepping relay inches for
one continuous
step per pulse of the operating from any
tuning drive. 9V D.C.
Housed in source. Slow finished
beautifully motion
coil, contacts are provided stepping walnut
and 2 poleprogramming
include changeover atChristmas
position tree
"6" lights,
Uses horizontalcabtuning
net with
scaleclassic silverthetrim.
covering entireClear
FM
selection of stations on raultiway intercom band .88-108 Mc/s. Complete with FM aerial.
systems (using standard 2 way intercoms). Brief Spec.: aerial imp. 75 ohms. Sensitivity
better than lOuV (at 100% modulation for 20dB S/W). Size 7i z 5 x SJin.
Servo steering of radio control models. Automatic
operation of model railways, etc.
Type RT 319600 OR Type RT 319120 LASKY'S
60V - 2W coil 12V - 2W coil 69.19.6
PRICE
LASKY'S
PRICE 59/6 each ADD MULTIPLEX TO THE MODEL A-1008
You canA-1005M
Model enjoy stereo soundAdaptor.
Multiplex with the Model A-1008 FM Tuner
Brief Specification; MPXabove
inputbysensitivity
adding thelOOmv.
TTC
THORN PYGMY PLUG-IN RELAY Output 150raV. Self powered by a 9V battery. 4 transistor and 6 diode circuit. Size
51 x 2 x fin. Also suitable for use with other FM tuners with MPX input.
A miniature 8 pin plug-in relay with 10A double changeover con-
figuration. Mains operated coil switched for internal powered remote LASKY'S PRICE 99/6 Post 3/6
mains switching, using one contact as a latch to hold the relay in until
the external circuit is broken. Coil resistance 82K!/ohm8, 200-240V
AC/DC operation.
r NEW INTERNATIONAL TAPE
LASKY'S PRICE 12/6
i FAMOUS AMERICAN HADE BRAND TAPEat RECORD LOW PRICES
AEI MINIATURE RELAY 1. Message tape, 150ft 2 6 5Jin. Standard play, 850ft. PVC . 11 6
I Sin.
Sin. Message tape.
Message tape, 225ft
300ft. 8 9 SJin. Long play, 12001t. Mylar .. 16 0
7 8 5}m. Triple play, 2400ft. Mylar . 45 0
ADCminiature shrouded
900 £2324V
poleoperation.
"make" relay of the chassis Audio
mounting type. 3iin. Triple play, 600ft. Mylar . 10 08 7in. Standard
coil resistance Useful for remote switching
circuits, control systems, using low voltage and current, controlling small I 4in. Triple play, 900ft. Mylar . 17 tate play, 1200ft, Ace-12 6
D.C. motors and pilot lights, etc., and any application switching three Sin. Double play, 1200ft. Mylar 15 0 7in. lar
Standard play, 1200ft. My- 6
circuits from one switch. I 5in. Long play, 900ft. Acetate . 108 06 7m. Long play, 1800ft. Mylar .. 12
8/6 Post 1/6
Sin. Standard play, 600ft. PVC
Sin. Triple play, 1800ft. Mylar 85 0 7in. Double play,1800ft.
2400ft. Mylar. 19
26 800
LASKY'S PRICE 5fm. Double
I 5im. play, 1800ft Mylar 22 6 7in. Long play, Acetate 15
Long play, 1200ft. Acetate . 12 6 7in. Triple play, 3600ft. Mylar . 50 0
I P. & P. !/• extra per reel. 4 reels and over Post Free. Special quotes for quantitiei.
AD-76K MOVING MAGNET CARTRIDGE
New high compliance moving magnet stereo cartridge that really breaks the quality/prico I BUDGET PRICED CASSETTES I
barrier. SFECIFJCATION: Diamond Stereo LP stylus. Compliance 10 x 10-scm/dyne. I OVERTURE High quality cassettes from the I
Frequency response 20-20,000c/h. Channel separation 20dB. Output 5mV. Tracking
pressure 2 grammes. Standard |in mounting. Replacement Diamond stylus available. | U.S.A. C.60—10/6 C.90—15/- C.120—20/- |
Fully guaranteed.
Poet 1/- each. 4 and over Post Free. Special «aot«8 for qoantitiei.
LASKY'S PRICE 90/-
High Fidelity Audio Centres
207 EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.2 Tel.: 01-723 3271 42-45 TOTTENHAM CT RD., LONDON, W.I Tel.: 01-580 2573
Opon all day. 9 a.m.—6 p.m. Monday to Saturday Open all day, 9 a.m.—6 p,m Monday to Saturday
33 TOTTENHAM CT. RD.. LONDON. W.I Tel.: 01-636 2605
Open all day. 9 a.m-r-6 p.m Monday to Saturday flg EDGWARE ROAD. LONDON. W.2 Tel.: 01-723 9789
152/3 FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C.4 Tel.l 01-353 2833 Open all day Saturday, early closing 1 p.m Thursday
Open all day Thursday, early closing 1 p m. Saturday
AIL MAIL ORDERS AND CORRESPONDENCE TO: 3-15 CAVELL ST., TOWER HAMLETS, LONDON, E.I Tel.: 01-790 4821
241
 SEMICONDUCTORS
How do yon BRAND NEW AND FU1.LY GUARANTEED
IN9I4 i /6 -iwin^o/r * ^ ADI6Ia r—» . * , 7/6 BFW57 7/6 BYZIO 91-
iN9l6 1/6 22N2696 6/6
ISOIO 3/- 2 N2904 N2904A
8/- AD
Bl- AF1I4
162 7/6 BFW58 7/6 BYZII 7/6
15020
15021 3/6 2 N2905 8/- AFI 16 5t- 51- BFW59 6/6 BYZI2 61-
BFW60 6/6 BYZI3 5(-
41- 2N2905A 8/- AFI 17
2 N2906 8/- AFI 18 12/6 BFXI3 5/6 51- BFXI2
IS 025
IS! 13 51- 31- 2N2906A 8/- AFI 24 5/- BFX29 5/6 GET 103 5/-
GETII3 41-
120 2/6 2 N2907 81- AFI 27 51- BFX30 15/- MPFI02
ISISI2I 12/6 8/6
measnrethe 2/6 2N2907A 8/- AFI8I 6/6 BFX35 19/6 MPFI03 7/6
IS 130 2/6 2N2923 51- • AFI86 II/- BFX43 8/6 MPFI04
MPFIOS 7/6
81-
ISI3I
132 2/6
ISIS44 2 N2924 51- AF239 12- BFX68 13/6 NKT2I6 10/6
2/6 2 N2925 5/6 AF2I2 5/6 B FX 68 A 14/6 NKT2I7 8/6
21- 2N2926
2G30I
2G302 41- 41- „ Green 3/6 ASY26 ASY27 4/6 8/6 BFX84
BFX85 10/- NKT262 NK.T26I 4/6
4/6
extra quality 2G303 41- „ Yellow 3/3 ASY28 6/6 BFX86 8/- NKT264 4/6
,, Orange
2G37I 31- Red 2/9 ASZ2I 4/6 31- ASY29 BFX87 10/- NKT27I 4/6
2N696 4/6 BFX88 51- NKT272 4/6
2N697 51- ,, Brown 15/-
51- 2N3005 2/6 BAXI3 2/6
BAXI6 2/9 BFX93A BFX92A 12/6 NKT274 4/6
15/- NKT275 4/6
2N698 4/6 2N30n 5[- BAY3I 2/6 BFYIO 4/6 NKT28I 5/6
2N706 31- 2N30S3 -6/6
2N706A 31- 2N3054 15/- BC f 07 3/6 BFYI7 4/6 BAY38 3/6 BFYI 1 4/6 NKT403 15/-
2N708 41- 2N3055 19/6 BCI08 3/6 BFY 18 NKT405 15/-
of EMI r 2N929 5/6 2N3702 41- BCI09 3/6 BFY 19 4/6 4/6 NKT6I3
NKT674 SI-
6/6
2N930 6/6 2N3703 4/6 BC I 13 6/6 BFY4I 10/- NKT677 SI-
2NI090 6/6 2N3704 5/6 BC I 18 6/6 BFY43 13/6 NKT713 5/6
2NI09I 6/6 2N370S 4/6 BCI25 13/6 BFY50 4/6 NKT78I 6/-
2NH3I 9/6 2N3706 4/6 BCI47 51- BFY5I 4/6 NKT80111
2NI 132 9/6 2N3707 4h BC 148 4/6 BFY52 4/6
2NI302
2N i 303 4/6 4/6 2N3708 41-
2N3709 4/- BC!49 BCI82 4/6 51- BFY56 10/- NKT8011215/6
BFY56A II/6
speakers? 2NI304 5/6 2N37I0 4/6
2NI305 5/6 2N37I I 41- BCI83 BCI84 4/6 BFY76 9/6 NKT80I 1319/6
4/6 BFY77
2NI306 6/6 2N38I9 9/- BCY30 7/6 BFY90 11/6 22/6
2NI307 6/6 2N3820 23/6 BCY3I 4/6 BSX (9 12/6 5/6 OAS OA9 2/6
21-
2NI308 8/- 2N3823 17/6 BCY32 5 6 BSX20 5/6
2NI309 Bl- 2N4058 6/6 BCY33 5/6 BSX21 8/- OA70 OA73 «/6
21-
2NI507 5/6 2N4059 51- BCY34 4/6 BSX26 10/6 OA79 1/9
Listen! 2NI6I3
2N17II 6/6 2N4060 51- BCY38 5/6 BSX27 10/6 OAS I 1/6
2NI889 6/6 8/- 2N406J
2N4062 6/6
5/- BCY39 6/6
BCY40 7/6 BSX28
BSX29 8/6 OA85 21-
2NI893
2N2i02 8/-
13/6 2N4254
2N4255
9/6
~
8/6 BCY42
BCY43 51-
6/6 BSX60 1019,66 OA90 OA91 1/6 1/6
2N2 f 47 17/6 AAZI3 2/- BCY54 7/6 BSX76 12/6 BSX6I OA9S 1/6
2N2I48 12/6 AAZI5 3/6 BCY70 5 6 BSX77 4/6 OA202 OA200 21-
2N2I60
2N2I93 14/6 5/6 AAZ17
AC 107 3/6 BCY7I 9/6 BSX78
•8/6 BCY72 51- BSYIO OC26 21- 5/6
2N2I93A 5/6 AC 126 41- BCZIO 4/6 BSYil 5/6 OC28
5 6 OC35 5/6 5/6
2N2I94A 5/6 AC 127 31- BCZII 4/6 BSY26 41-
128 4!- BD12I 19 6 BSY27 41- OC36 5/6
2N2217 9/6 AC 176 5/6 BD123 23/6 BSY28 41- OC44 3/-
2N22I8 10/6 AC 187
2N22I9 10/6 AC 12/- BDI24 12/- BSY29 4/6 OC45 2/6
2 N 2220 5h AC 188
ACYI7 12/- BP I 15 4/6 BSY38 4/6 OC7I 2/6
2N222I 51- ACYI8 51- BFI 17 10/6
51- BFI67 6/6 BSY39 4/6 OC75OC72 2/6
4/6
2N2722 51- ACYI9 51- BFI73 7/6 BSY40 5/6 OC8I 41-
2N2368 6/6 ACY20 41- BFI 80 8/6 BSYSI BSY52
10/6 OC8ID 31-
10/6
2N2369 7/6 ACY2I 51- BFI8I 8/6 BSY53 9/6 OC139 6/6
2N2369A 51- ACY22 41- BF224 6/6 BSY54 10/6 OCI40 6/6
2N2539 4/6 ACY28 41- BF225 6/6 BSY95A 3/6 OC200 5/6
2 N2540 4/6 ADI40 81-
2N2646 11/6 AD 149 81- BF237 BF238 6/6 BY
6/6 100 4/6 OC20I 5/6
BYXIO 5/6 OC202 8/6
THYRISTORS
EMI are famous throughout the world RECORDING 3I AMP:
AMP: 50V 50V 5/-,
6/-, 100V 5/6, 200V
100V 7/6, 200V 78/-/400V
-,(400V 910/- 6.
TAPES Equivaient
ZENERS. BYT91/IOORIi WATT 2-7-33V 15/- each4 6
for High Quality sound reproduction. Fully Guaranteed i WATT 2 0-16V 31-
7" STD 1,200' 7/3 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
Now our audio design engineers have 7' LIP 1.800' 12/3 R.C.A.
7' DIP 2,400' 19/- CA3005. 3013,
5}' STD 900' 6/6 CA30I9, 3020 3014, 27/6 3018CASOII, 30 - 3035 20 -
developed loudspeaker systems suitable Si' L/P 1,200' 9/-
5}' DIP 1.800' 14/9 FAIRCHILD'6 CA3023 32;6 CA3012 25/-
for home use. 5" STD 600' 5/3 L900. 914 II/- L923 14 -
5"
5' DIP L/P 1,200'
900' 10/9 7/3 DATA SHEETS FOR RCA DEVICES 2/- per type
3' D/P 185'
3* L/P 225' 3/- Presets 2/3 std., horiz. or vert, 1/6
These EMI Loudspeaker Systems, spec- 3' D/P 300' 4/- Potentiometers.
MFD V Price Log/Lin 3/3 Price
each
7' D/P Concorde MFD
I 18 1/6 16 450 3'3 100 15 1/6 V Price MFD V
ially matched, produce every detail of
Spools: 8i" 3.000'6/3,33/67' 21 40 15 1/6 1/9 25 6-4 1/6 100 25 I 6
25 10 1/6 100" 50 2/6
216. Si' 2/3, 5' 2/3, 2
4" 2/-. Zi" 1/9, 3' 9d, 2-5 35016 2/0 25
the original sound over the full audio 1/9 25 5025 1/6 1/6 200 125 1/6
2i- 1/10. 4 15 i 16 32
4 40 4/9 32 40 15 1/6
1/6 250 25 2/- 2/9
spectrum, at high and low listening CASSETTE TAPES 350 2/3 32 450 1/6 320 10 1/6 250 50 3'9
C-60 13/6, C-90 18/6 i6-4 6-4 15 1/9 1/6 40 6-4 1/6 400 16 2/9
levels.
Post ond Packing up to 8 18 1/6 40 16
50 12 I1/66 500 —w
500 „
_ 3/9
256 2/6
3 reels 2/9. otherwise 8 450 31- 8 40 I /6 50 15 1/6
They have many exclusive features. The 4/6. 0 15 1/6 50 50 25 1/6 640 16 43/69 500 50
25 116 50 V- 1000 12 3/9
range includes the unique 950 system SPEAKERS (3 ohm) 12 5 25 1/9 80 25 64
6-4 1/6 1000 16 41-
10' :< 6'3716, 10 1/9 80 16 I1/66 1000 i 000 25 51-
50 91-
with a 19 inches x 14 inches bass unit, 9' x 4° 23/6, 18 1/6 100 12 1/6
8' x 5* 19/6, VEROBQARD RESISTORS
7' x 4' 15/6. X watt
power output 50 watts R.M.S. 5' x 3' 12/6 H x 3i9/-,4/3
Cutter 4.*i wa£j tj 5%,
'0%.5d.4d.
tc, 6d.
3*9/6.5' 14/6,
8' 27/6, 12' 39/6. X 3 wact wa
an(
nlHtr . 1/6
Post and Packing //6 5' x 2i* 4/3
Send for literature and price lists to: SEND 6d. STAMP FOR CATALOGUE
P.P. for Components 1/6 per order
I EMI A. MARSHALL & SON
28 CRICKLEWOOD BROADWAY, LONDON. N.W.2
EMI SOUND PRODUCTS LTD., HAYES, MiDDX, TEL: 01-573-3888 EXT. 667 01-452 0161/2/3 CALLERS WELCOME

242
 DELUXECABINET PLAYERS Alt, (,BA?,P
Ateachve
A|
Slim PIN stereo/mono withsystem
POBTABLE As iUtu-
trstftd. To fit standard "Tt /
A
B^™:CL4 + 4'VER CABINETend
AMPLIFIER B.S.E.melched
TWO Stereo BAKER I2in. DE-LUXE MK 11
Jliyer or antochan^er. ' J/" WroSPZAKERS.
(Only 4 pairs ol wires to join). Ce 10/8 E. I 7. I 7,0A
f IO IO LOUDSPEAKER —^
RCS AMPLIFIEB 8 WATT. Suitable for any Hi-Pi System.
Baady made and tested. NEW TtTBULAR ELECTROLYTICS CAN TYPES
TUs is a 2-slage unit nsin? a 2/350V .. 2/8 100/25V.. 2/- 8/800V 9/( Provides truly rich sound
mode pentode condenser recreating the musical spectrum
coupled vsItc, giving a2SJ •..• 2/3 600/257.. 250/25V .. 4/- 2/6 1Q/600V
16+16/5007.. I2/( 7/f virtually flat from 25-
3 watts output 16,000cps. Latest double cone
into a 3 ohm Jo ltS? .." 3/9 8+16/4507
32/4507 8 + 8/4507 3/9 3/8 50 82 ++32/2507
50/3507 3/e 7/. with special "Ferroba" ceramic
Joudspeaier.
Tone and volume 2^(25^ 1/9 82 16+16/4507 4/3 60+100/3507 11/fi
controls mounted e?/l Xtwt' VW +32/3507 4/6 82+32+32 350v 8/6 magnet. Flnx density 14,000
chassis with knobs.onSupplied ^ Post
S^MTN.ELECTfeoEY^CS.
r ' ' 500' lOOOmP
1, 2. 4,5, 8,16, 25, 30, 60.109, gauss, Bass resonance 32-38cps.
15 watts British rating. Voice
with loudspeaker and valve UCL82. _ each 01lnF 127 3/6; 2000mP 257 71-
Freuuenoy S??^oCmr nVnlpF 400'50-2/8; . 9^.3/-;
DigCS2mF
1/-.1507 3'- coils available 3 or 8 or 15 ohms
Sensitivity response
SOOmY. 50-18.000 cpt. 37/OCO A item
fSSSw'SSJil 0 05 9d; 0-1 1/ ;ImP 0
"0 01,'250 1/6; 0-5 3/-. rp post
SOGLE 3 PLAYpS MONO AUTOCHANGERS MONO 1,0007-0 001,
l 0-0022, 0-0047, 02,1/8; 0-047. 0-1 2/6 Free
Oarrard£2.19.6
SRP22 ... £6.19.6 BalfonrAnto
BSRSupersIjmIJA25£S £5.19.8
19 8 l?'7?iS
2/*». Zi'600pP?^SJ<Se3/8;i0Jeran8(c« 1%- 5-500pF 1/-; 580-2^'0OpP 48-page Enclosure Manual 5/9
Qarrard SP25 Mkll £14.19.8 ITATO Stereo/Mono £12!l9 8 -0 f800pF-0 01, mid 0/-; each post paid
GarrardAT60 Mk.II£12.19.8 iv ^nn"® 'a.298p
W'* standard +176pP, 10/8; 385pF.
with trimmers, 9/6; minia-
500pP LODDSFEAKER CABINET WADDING ISin wiie. 2,'eit
■ mono3000 Stero/Mono £12.19.6 BAKER " GROUP SOUND " SPEAKERS—POST FREE
Stereo/mono pickups 20/- ettra exceptPickupUA70
crystalandcomplete.
3000. 'Group 25' ' Group 35' ' Group 50
IM^SO^fo/l^ch.10'^ -ipP- 50pr- '5pF- "W- 251Sin
watt '6gns. 3^ Signs. 5o15w% ISgns.
cutout for mounting 1000,2000,3000, SP25, AT60. Ap
OARRARD TEAKWOOD BASE WB.l. Reedy TR™5n?pc^^
ic+iS,r S didectric.
.X0inpressi011
ISOpF, 1/3; -mSSOpF, 1/6;
XOOpF, 30 300pF.
SOOpF,' "SQpF,
50 SOOpF, 7/- each.
' '1/9;
OpF,IQOOpF,
1/-; 2/6/
lOOpF ALL MODELS "BAKER SPEAKERS" IN STOCK
GARRAED PERSPEX COVER SPC.l lor WB.l 651- SeIeilil2
rn i wave 100mA 5/-; BY10010 '- Super Cone Tweeter 2l!n square, 3-17kc,'s. 10W 17/6'
E <UXE CONTACT COOLED A wave 10/ 80mA 7/8; 85mA 9/6. Quality Horn Tweeters 2-18kc/s, 10W 29/6. Crossover 16/6.
?^ pi SW STEREO
19-50m. 60-180m. GRAMeye,CHASSIS V.H F /I"} MW CU NEON PANEL INDICATORS-' 250v. 150mAAC/DC
19/6; 8/8.
T7 rects. 10/-. LOUDSPEAKERS P.M.lOin3 OHMS.
37/6; 8x23in,
Sin.Sin,
21/-;4in,8 xSin.
2iin7x4in.
6 valve plus rect. SizeMagic
15 : 7^push6in.buttons.
high. IA
1Q RESISTORS. 15/8 each; eiin 22/8; 21/-
ACOS35>.
LP.78PowerPoint
GP87 Stylii5629/6; |w., i Iw., 1 w.,Preferred
80% 3d.:vaJues,
U w. 108d.;ohms2 w.to1/-;10 imeg
w 10o/r. 6d 12in. Double cone 8 or 15 ohm 39/8; 10 x Sin, 30/-,
E.M.I. Double Cone 13i x 8in, 3 or 15 ohm models, 46/- or
15/- k Preferred
DittoWa6%. HTy* values
-0 5wto* 1081%ohms10 toohms to 10 9dmeg.', 2/-'.
22 meg.. with twin tweeters, X/over and ceramic magnet 79/6.
SPECIAL OFFER! Sohm.giin.-Bx 4in; 80 ohm.2iin,2Jfn:
< YS A tn H 1 WffiE-WOUND
10 ^ - -2 ohmRESISTORS 3 w. <Lf zi-
2/- 15/6 EACH 25 ohm. 6 4in; 85 ohm, Sin;
i,. i!? .I L mike inserts
[mOVINs'cqi/ mike with Remote6Conf"l3Switfhai9'l 15 watt
watt J 10 ohms to 6,800 ohms 8mvLOUDSPEAKER
" TYPE UNITS 15 ohm.3ohm
10 x 2.'27/8;
-in., 7Deluxe
X 4in. Ceramic
' 10K,-15E. 20K, 25K, 68K, 10W. 8/- ^' 6' Delux Ceramic 45/-; Twin cone 3ohm
FULL WAVE BRIDGE CHARGER RECTIFIERS; only 35/-.
PORTABLE TRANSISTOR 5^^i:"v- oo'cots.
T IfSF0RI1= amp. S8/9:P &2a.,P 11/3- 4a 17/fi S in. WQQFER. 8 watts ma*. 30-10,000 cps. 8 or 16 ohm. 39/6.
AMPLIFIER PLUS S or ^
ior_g 127.,^ ?^ - 2 -amps^^gl/-:
Ij^ amps., 17/6; - 5 Ilipat 2
0O/2S0v.
4 amps.. 80/ Op^UTTBANS.
SPEAKER FRET VARIOUS EL84 etc. 4/6,-
TYGANMIKE TRANS. Send
SAMPLES, 50:1 S.A.E.
3/9.
WIRE-WOUND
POTS. T.V. Type,3-WATT Velnes WIRE-WOUND 4-WATT
DYNAMIC MICROPHONE 10 ohms to 30 K., A IA0 LONG STANDARD SIZE POTS ALL PURPOSE HEADPHONES
A self-contained fully GRA Carton 30 K io 2 meg, V I 50 OHM!i"n''inn SPINDLE gJ£ HJt. HEADPHONES 2000 ohmi Super Sensitive.. 35/-
portable
Many uses mini—p.ideal
a. system.for © VALVE HOLDERS, 9d CEEA'dIC CANS 1 DE LUXE PADDEDHEADPHONES
LOW RESISTANCE STEREO PHONES 3-5 8ohms....
ohma ■ ■ 79/6 36/-
Parties, or as a Baby
Alarm, Intercom, Tele- NEW MULLARD TRANSISTORS 6/- each
phone or Record
Amplifier, Player, rexine
etc. Attractive OC71. OCT2 0C8!, OC44, OC45. M17L OC170. Am? NINETTE
covered
powerful cabinet,
7 .x 4m. size 12 x 9 xand 4in.,withtransistor one watt ■eras Pert Pnll Dnye,
IT15. TRANSISTOR
9:1 CT. 6/-.TRANSFORMERS.
TT46 OntpcL CT8 T 6;.
power amplifier plusspeaker
ultra sensitivefourmicrophone. Uses PP9 TT23/4°PAra^n
£T«j+^PAiRjj watt ^h'a'"'
Amp. ^J52 Oofpnl 3and
Transformera ohms, 4-5:1,
circuit 45/-.«•-
AMPLIFIER
battery Brand new in Makers' carton with lull makers' A.c. Mains Transformer. ^
gnsrantee. World famous make. Only QA / p0S{ or+/,
HSNSFl 0 Chassis size 7 x 31 x 4in bight Valves ECL82. EZ80.
yU/- Free « ./ * S120 4i lePC-VE 9l 2 PACKS., Met-1 POLL-WAVE
ease. - Art A 12 month guarantee. Quality output 3
fascia, valves, knobs, volume and tone controls,ohm. With engraved
AO IA
Slt
□9 tollro. 'o. To1.t .+°.' Size rmiMls 'Uin.
On/oS switch. 49/0 wired and tested. Post 5/6 O'/C
^^J\RAD in. Femte
P50
—TRANSISTOR
Aerial Spare Cores COILS6d 500mA. TRANSFORMER nNT.y.. Snap
.-J - 2' 2, i;terminals 32.8
liln. P?"?
10/8
0 ALL EAGLE PRODUCTS
rti 12/6 Driver Trans. LFDT4 9/8 MAINS TRANSFORMERS 5!°%
?F'ps^aoc A-n vV,'-i'i W SUPPLIED AT LOWEST PRICES
3rd I.F.^ P50/3CC
tt»1wi? 5, 7 Weyrad
6/- J.B. Tnmng GangWAl..
Booklet ... 109/8 2 8- 0 BARGAIN AM TUNER, Medium Wave. "TQ fA
6in |%|1 Si; mA 6|;| 3 vS 3 5 a 6 3 2,. Transistor Superhet, Ferrite aerial. 9 volt. ' '/O
Femte Roda Only 8 x jjn. 4/-. 6 x jjn. 5'-. 5 -
- extends to 23iQ.
300-0-300 v. 120 •mA., - 6.3* - v. 4- a.- C.T.:
v. 1 a, or6 35 vv. 22 aa 45/-
35/- BARGAIN DE LUXE TAPE SPLICER Cats, 117/A
VOLUME CONTROLS 80ohm Coax 8a. yd. MINIATURE 200 v. 20 mA., 6.3
MIDGET 220 v. 45 mA., 8.3 v. 2 a. 21 2' 2iu 17 8 v. 1 a.21 2 ISin.' 12/6 trims, iolng for editing and repairs. With 3 blades. • /O
Lour apind! ■ Midget Size BRITISH AESIALITE HEATER TRANS. 6.3 v. 1? a., 8/6; 6.3 v.^ a. .! Im BARGAIN 4 CHANNEL TRANSISTOR MIXER. Add
5 K. ohms to 2 Meg. LOG or AEEAXIAL-AIE SPACED tapped sec. 1.4 v., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.3 v. 11 amp . 12'6 musical highlightsrecords,
mix Microphone, and sonnd efiecls
tape and tunerto with
reeordingi.COWill /Z
JH-
STEREOL/SL/S31- 10/6, D.P.
D.P. 14SI-6 FEIHOE
40 yd. 20/-;LOW60LOSS yd. 20'-I IJL L
8,6 8,8 9,10,12,15,18,
9 in ???F i r If 0 S E W V ,TAG
24 and. 30af v. at l-2 3 5atpats 3 4
' 30/1
- 5. separate controls into single on {put. 9 volt. O
ig. 3.P. Edge type, 5/-. Ideal 625 lines yd. ' /O 3I ™P ' n'h 1210 V 'and 18 20' 24' 30' 38' 40- 48.60, 35 - BARGAIN FM TUNER 88-108 Mc/» Six Transirtor. Ready
VEBOBOAED 0 15 MATEIE ^ -' O"
AUTO ^KSFGRMERS - O" V. - . IQ/R built. Printed Circuit. Calibrated slide dial jTA tO A
2ix5
Sa2/I-.2; xam.tig. sixsjin.s/s. aixsin 52 150w. 30/-; 600w.0-115-230 92/6; IQOQw. v.' Input'Oalpnt
175/-. ' tuning. Size 6 x 4 x gjin. 9 volt, fcOtlTtO
tjrSPfl?
PI S38 CONNECTORS 16 way 5/-; 24 way 7/6 ^^A^A^ PBUG 1/3, PANEL SOCKETS 1/8. LINE 2/- Fush-Pull BARGAIN 3 WATT AMPLIFIER. 4 Transistor AO/A
„ TN ? aPff d 8packet
5 3/4. FACE CUTTERS 7/6. Ready built, with volume control. 9v. V'/O
per i 1
. ifrin. 5in, Board
wide 1/-2 Jin. wide 6d. per OY?LETBOXES. SURFACE
lin.,) 3Tin. EEDER8 OR FLUSH 4/6. 45-PAGE EAGLE CATALOGUE 5/- Post Fr*f>
3.R.B.P. nndrilled 10 per lin,3>.(up
x 8m. to I7in "JACK SOCKET Std.f open-circuit iZ-yd-802/6, ohms
closedorcircuit
300ohms. 4,6* ir RADIO BOOKS ★ (Postage 9d.)
BLANK ALDinNIDM CHASSIS. IS l.w'g. atin. zidee,
JACK^plur<?a ssiStd. gm3* pirh' Ph0 0 pl 0gs 1
Chromes.-; rt o -• Socket 1/-'. Practical Transistor Receivers &}*
8 5 pin3-5mmChrome 2/6. DIN
x
13x910.. 9/6; D14xlDn.,'Ui..-6/8;12/8;11 xSin., 8/6:15/-11 7in 7 «•
15x 14in.. ^
5-pin- 5/-.|, ' DIN
°^ PLUGS
i - 3-pin S/-e DIN 3/8: SOCKETS
S-pin 5 - Lead High
Practical Stereo
SupersenstHve
Handbook
Transistor Pocket Radio
a/g
3/8
^ PANELS 18 s.w.g. 12x
^£t^2^^m^/6^10^7in^8/6^8 12in.
x 6in. 2/6;6/8;6 x 4in.,
14 x l/fl!
Sin
WAVEfCHANGE SWITCHES WITH LONG SPINDLES* Fidelity Speaker Enclosures and Plans Si-
71 p.p- ?;^y. 2 Radio Valve Guide, Books 1,2,3, or 4 ea. 6,'- No. 5 ea. 8/-
Q MAX CHASSIS CUTTER 12-way,oror 4P-p.6-way, 2-way,1 oror34p.p.4-way
3-way,2
4/64/8each.
each.
3p 4
Practical Radio Inside Out
Shortwave Translator Receivers
4/6
5/.
STiTIaP.*era 2 ay 1 ?•
y ^ "T5!' each - wafer 12/-.
up tosp. 2 wafer 17/-. 3 wafer
12dt.max. 22- Transistor
- -^y. Communication Sets
Hodern Transistor Circuits for Beginners
6/-
7/8
it » ti- SY' . x i5:Ja
- ' ^iin. 57/3 TOGGLE SWITCHES, sp.2;6; S/S; dp. 3/6; dp. dt. 4/6 Sub-Miniatnre
Wireless World
Transisior Receivers
Radio Valve Data.... . ..
5/-
9/6
im, jg^ "imA'l/S> Igin.Hff- 21/6
m 2m. »!"• 39/-
??/• lin.
«»».sq. 36/6 At a glance valve equivalents 6/-
.SONOCOLOR. CINE RECORDING TAPE MINI-MODULE Volvcs, Transistors, Diodes equivalents manual .10/6
LOUDSPEAKER KIT Receive foreign T.V. programmes by simple modificationsS/-
LdfJii', miLyVfor1 aynchroniaation.
"^wctor-mlrror
lp rob
!' f wsf'ow0' also 14 cine. eac
light Transistor Circuits Rsdio-Controlled Models 7/6
UNTVESSAL TAPE CASSETTES C60. OUR PRICE 14'-'ij 10 WATT 55/- CARR.5,- MANUPACTUREESISURPLUSUTAPE RECORDER OC /
Tape Spools Triple speaker system combining on CASE Red/Cream. 15 x 12 x S^in POST FREE ■«/-
Rental*
Rinto Tona 2/8.
T.-« TTaaAaTap©n«n._
Splicer J
Sad.VnrcXeS^.^J.'t'?- ^ ready cut 8baffle. in
I in. chipboard
POCKET MOVING COIL
Middle and, Treble ^ ' loudspeakers
Separate Bass. and 0-1,000 A.C./D.C. ohms 0 MULTIMETER. ro 100k.
iuok, etc. t'/O AO■ * /lAw
'THE INSTANT" crossover
duty 5 in, condenser.
Bass Woofer The
nnit heavy
has a SUPERIOR MOVING COIL toMULTIMETER 001A
BULK TAPE low resonance cone. The Mid- 0-2-500v. D.C. 20,000 ohms per volt, 0-1,00Ot. A.C. 77fv
ERASER AND Range Ohms 0 to 6 meg. 50 Microamps {Full list Meters S.A.E.)
RECORDING add driveunitto isthespecially designedandto
middle register im BRAND NEW QUALITY
HEAD the tweeter recreates the top end of EXTENSION LOUDSPEAKER
the musical spectrum. Total re- Black as Cream Porplastic
OEMAGNETISER
S00,250 5. A.C. LeaKel Port 2 8 42/6 .bookshelf
sponse
bona for20-15,000
3 or 8 ohm. cps.Teak
Pullveneered
instruc- and adaptors. anycabinet,
radio, 20It. lead
intercom,
enclosure £5.10.0 extra. tape recorder, etc. 3 to 15 ohm. 30/^
Size: 7i" x sV >' 3', Post 2/6
radTO'compo'ncwt'ooS, "i-" 1.0,^
«;•
Written a^WIVIPOIMENT
guarantee with every purchase. (Expert: SPECIALISTS Remit cash and extra pastage.) Bases337WHITEH0RSEROAD ,33.6S pass Paar.S.R. Sen, Se,hurst,' Te. WE^TfiRnvnoM
Oi esl 1665

243
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 Bargain—Car Radios. Our Price 9 gns. DULCI HI-FI UNITS
Negative or positive earth, (switched) fully The Dulci range of tuners and amplifiers
offer exceptional quality at a sensible —
transistorised (12V) medium and long price.
waves. Speaker and fitting kit supplied at Amplifiers: 207 and 207M. Tuners*
no extra cost. P/P 5/-. FMT7 and FMT7s.
SEND NOW FOR FULL DETAILS
Sonotone 9TA and 9TA/HC. Diamond Cart- TRIO Stereo Moving Magnet Cart-
ridge brand new, boxed in manufacturers' ridge Model AD76K. Diamond Stereo
carton 49/6 plus 2/6 p/p.Acos GP 91-1 and GP LP Stylus, Frequency response 20- The greatest HI-FI Budget system today —
91-3 stereo compatible cartridges, new In 20,000c/s output. 7mV tracking pressure can't be beaten—price or quality anywhere
sealed manufacturers' cartons 22/6 plus 2 grammes ± 0-5 grm. Fully guaranteed. —look at these great features—then
2/6 p/p. Price 85/- p/p free. compare.
• Bargain—Changer decks at lowest Teleton F2000 tuner amp.
prices ever AM-FM with multiplex de-
BASF TAPE 25% OFF GARRARD coder and A.F.C.—2 x 5W
Beautiful teak 1025 £8.0.0 channels R.M.S. Bass
5in 600ft. 14/- 900ft. 19/- 1200ft. 30/- plinth and Volume Treble Balance
perspex 2025 £8.10.6 controls, a truly outstand- £ s. d.
5Jin 900ft. 19/- 1200ft. 24/- 1800ft.39/- cover to suit AT60 Mk. 11 £12.19.6 ing unit
these units SP25 Mk. 11 £12.0.0 43 1 0
7m 1200ft. 24/- 1800ft 35/- 2400ft. 57/- 5 Gns. P/P Garrard SP 25 Mk II Trans-
Free 3500 with Son cription deck 15 11 11
P/P 21- per reel—over £5 FREE 9TA.HC diam. Teleton SA 1003 matching
cart. £10.19.6 speaker enclosures 9 5 0
Add 10/- p/p for each Garrard unit Sonotone 9 TA Diamond
HI-FI SPEAKER SPEAKER ENCLOSURES Cartridge 4 2 0
K12TC—12in 12 watt Type: INFINITE BAFFLE Plinth and Perspex cover 7 0 0
Offers an exceptionally smooth and Model 8: Sin plus 3 in tweeter
extended response, with very low level Mode! 138: 13inx Sin EMI £78 19 11
of distortion from the specially designed Both £4.19.6 each Exclusively offered by WALDON at
twin diaphragms. Model 1012:10in or12in, plus4in tweeter the remarkably low price of 63 gns.
Frequency Response jSO-IS.OOOHz. £7.19.6
Impedance: 15-160Hm All enclosures are in oiled teak, fully
OUR SPECIAL PRICE (VT /C built. E.M.I. HI-FI SPEAKERS
PLUS P/P 6/6 al/U Please add 8/- p/p on each enclosure SET 450: 13 >: 8 with two built-in tweeters and
# BARGAIN — Speakers, Hi-Fi — cross-over unit. Our Price 69/6.'3 or 15 ohm.
# BARGAIN — Speakers, Hi-Fi — 10W, 40-13,000Hz.
The Baker Selhurst Stalwart. 12in The Baker Selhurst Guitar Group 25, SET 850 : 6tin bass plus 3iin tweeter and cross-
round, 15 watt rating, 12,000 lines gauss, 12in round, 25 watt rating, 12,000 gauss, over unit. 8 ohm, 10W, 65-20,OOOHz. 79/6.
15 ohms, response 45-13,OOOc/s. Bass 15 ohms, response 30-10,OOOc/s, solid SET 250: 5in heavy duty bass plus Sin tweeter
resonance 40-50c/s, solid aluminium aluminium chassis, heavy duty cone. and cross-over unit. 8 ohm, 6W, 80-20,000Hz. 65/-
chassis. Our price £5.9.6. p/p 6/6 Our price £5.9.6. p/p 6/6 Add 5/6 p/p for each speaker set
WALDON ELECTRONICS, Atlas House, Chorley Old Rd., Bolton. Bolton 45628

The'NeW Plcture-Book'way of learning

-.1 M

BASIC ELECTRICITY(5vols.) (6vols.)

You'll find it easy to learn with this out- the latest research into simplified learning
standingly successful NEW PICTORIAL techniques. This has proved that the
METHOD—the essential facts are explained PICTORIAL APPROACH
in the simplest language, one at a time, and quickest and soundest way oftogaining
learning is the
mastery
each is illustrated by an accurate, cartoon- over these subjects.
type drawing. The books ate based on TO TRY IT, IS TO PROVE IT
The series will be of
exceptional value in | To The SELRAY BOOK CO., 60 HAYES HILL, HAYES, BROMLEY, KENT BR2 7HP
training mechanics and Please send me WITHOUT OBLIGATION TO PURCHASE, one of the
■
—
technicians in Elec- above sets on y DAYS FREE TRIAL, I will either return set, carriage paid,
tricity, Radio and _ 7 days or send the following amounts. BASIC
Electronics. H ELECFRICITY 75/-. Cash Price or Down Payment of 20:- followed by 3
fortnightly
Price or Down Payment of 15/-each.
payments of 20- BASIC
followed by 4ELECTRONICS 90Cash
fortnightly payments of 20/-
WHAT READERS SAY " each. This offer applies to UNITED KINGDOM ONLY. Overseas
fw highly delighted with customers cash with order, prices as above.
didn t know a complicated subjectthecould
books;
be soI "
■
easily presented." Tick Set required {Only one set allowed on free trial)
]. K., Earlsfield. I
leased
BASIC ELECTRICITY Fj BASIC ELECTRONICS
"J.f™ .P a sound knowledge
how quite jay how understandable
of Electronics."your books are. I have ■
® Prices include Postage and Packing.
P. S., Southgate. Signature
(If under 2l signature required of parent or guardian)
"L^TsZtZhSiSffl' w"! prov' -y "t™* J NAME .
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A TECH-PRESS PUBLICATION .AkP FULL POSTAL
ADDRESS
246
 ELECTROIMIC
m SF, CaMPOiMENTS tmn

IN9i4 V- 2S024 25/- BFI67 47/44 OAZ246

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ACI07 1415/- 4 BFI73
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contains
15132 V* AC 12874 */-*1- BFW59 6/6 ooo *1- SOLID-STATE SALE component tray, accessories. In-
2G30I
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ACIB7 74 BFW40
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003 m- structive book, all packed In tttrac-
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117/4
2G371
2N38SA\ 31- ACY19
ACY20
34
44
34 BFY52
BFY53
*1-
*/- OOfi
OC29 minimumY40$A.
40 Silicon 50% Tramistort.
Planar jood Noc tested
TO-18 case. NPN type similar 1#;- BOOKS FROM STOCK
iNJeax/ 15/- ACY1I 4/-2/4 BSX20 3/3 OC30 2N706. BSY95A, etc. Not tested or coded. Guaranteed "General Electric Transistor Manual". 660 pajes of data and
2N494
2N497 4/- ACY22
AD 140 15/- BSX1I
BSY27 128/- •/-
d OC35 minimumMedium 50% (ood I#/- circuits 28/4
2N698
2N706 4/i*/-3; AO
AOI6I 149 "4 */-*/- BTX39/600
BSY95A 34
OC34
OC41
OC42
15. TESTED-
Silicon
30 Silicon Not
Planar
Power Transiitora similar to BFYSI ranje I#/-
coded "RCA
"Designers Transistor
Guide Manual".
to British 5S4Transistors".
pages includesExcellent
SCR circuits
data 28/-
book
2N706A
2N70e 4/7/4i.4 AD
ADTMO 162 BUY II
BYIOO 15/-
5/- OC44
OC4S BC107/8-9 ranre.Transistors.
Not testedTO-18 ease. Guaranteed
or coded. NPN typemitdmum tbnllar lists
tion overchart 1,000
, 2/6common types plus computer selected substitu-
2N7ii
2N7I1A 7/* AF102
AfAFMS
114
12/6
18/44 BYXI0
BYZIO 44
f/- OC7I
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50% joodPower
J Silicon
tested or coded. Transistors
Gold similar
plated casesto 6UYtI.TO-3 .. case. Not10/- 18/- NEONS (ADO POST & PACKING FOR AU. BOOKS) 25/-
2N929 5/4 44 BYZI2 */- OC73 100NGermanium PNP Trantittors, TO-I case. Type similar Sljtul nconi
2N930
INI 131
2NII32
4,9,44
7/6
AfAf 114
API 11718 4/4
16,44
BYZ13
GET102
GETt03
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6,4/6 OC75
OC74
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£7374/4. etc.Transistors
20 Germanium Not tested2G37IB.
or coded. Minimum 50%
PNP. EqualCaseto SO-2. Fullyusable
tested . !0/- Price eachfororSuitable
HEATS1/4equipment-
INKS.
many
14/- doien types of circuit type "N"
forI0D2 x OC35. etc. As used In.com-
2N1302
INI 303 4/6
44 AFI24
AFI29 */-4 GETI13
GETS7J 745/- OC8ID
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to makers ipecifratjom
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2NI304
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AF239 "5/12/4/ GM03788
MATIOO 65/- OC81D
oca>
Micro
coded.
25 Silicon
alloy
PNP
NPN
diffused Transistors. (MAT type) Not tested or18/-
VHF Transistors. TO-10 case. Simitar to 8SY27.
ALUMINIUM
6 x 4 x 2^in withCHASSIS
reinforced corners 4/8 each (P. & P. 1/6).
TNI 306
2NI307 6/6 AfAFZI2
186 11/114 MATI0I
MAT120 5/15/6 OC84
OCI13 etc. NotPlanar
20 Silicon testedTransistors.
or coded .. type... NPN. Similar to18/- Ally
sizes pane!in stockto upfit,to1/6.12 xPaxolin
8 x 2|in pane!(seetocatalogue)
fit, 2/-. Many other
2NI30e
IN2NI6I3
1309 »/- ASY26
ASY27 54 MATI2I
MPFIOI 5/6
9' OCI39
OCi40 2NJ705/7 ran jr. Not tested Plastic or coded. Guaranued minimum18/-
INI 147
•1-
4/4
17/- ASY28
ASY29
54
4/4
4/4 MPFI03
MPFI04 ♦/-
9, OC169
OCI70
50%
20 Silicon
2N3702.
jood
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Not Transistors.
tested or coded. PlasticGuaranteed
type. PNP.minimum Similar50%to
IN2N2I48
2160
2N2366
>7/14/-6
6/654
ASZ2!
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II/-
39/624
MPFI0S
NKT2I4 9
NKT217 18lO4,/55S
OCi7»
OC200
OCMI
rood Rectifiers.
16 Silicon
Guaranteed minimum Top-Hat
80% case. 750mA + (a-. .I CO-1,000 pi*.16/-
jood,. 16/- X'LIIME MODUL-ES
2N1349 BA130 31-2/6 NKT24I OC202 12 Silicon Avalanche Rectifiers. Top-Hat case 14 amp ^ up to>8/- X-I4I 2 Watt AmpKfivf »JS - YOU CAN
2N2369A
ININ2696
244* 7/6
to/- BAY3I18
BAY 31-24 NKT242 4/3
NKT7A4 OC203
OC204 1. 2
IS Silicon00 piv. Guaranteed
Epitaxial minlitium
Planar CHodes 80% food
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X—471 kurcbx Stm AJu-m 30/- *1- OPEN !
IN2924 64 Bcior
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NKT272 4/3 OC30S Ptessey. Exact substitute for IN9I4. etc. 107% perfect. X—*41 M«ro«om«
IN2925
IN2926 I'll BCI09
BCII3 2424
5/- NKT274 4/3
NKT27S 433/6 OC204
OC207
OCP7I 30 coded
Part
plenty made .. .. Rectifiers
Top-Hat
room80%tojood
.. (top .. connection broken, but.. 16/-
solder) 750inA up to 800 pi*. Guaranteed18/-
X—741 Morw
X—691 Lamp Otdllator(Doubia)3*20 -
Rather
V- BCII4 II/- NKT276 2/6 ORP40 minimum X—2*1
X—271 Hie. m Tnnamrttrr »(-
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stock are jiven type tested
numbers devices.
as a julde only. X—241 R;Ptay«rTr«t»M« JS35,'-
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BCI34 NKT7t3
NKT773 5/4 SX634
5X638 AHMoney
aboverefunded
EXPORT packs if notfreesatisfied.
post
SPECIAL: in UK.
10% of the above SALE joodt are reserved for X—J7i
Cvftvraui. Wirdctt
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to K attilori jlvtn
2N3055
2N3702 »/-
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2N3703
2N3704 4/-
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P344A
2N3705
IN3706 4,'-
31- BCY30
SCY31 71-
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2N3706 4/6
31- BCY32
BCY3J >6/-44 OAS 1
OA85 1/61/6«/6 EC 402
CtHE SILICON RECTIFIERS^
2N3709 3/- BCY34 6/4 OA90 C400 THYRISTORS-SCRs ZENER DIODES
2N37IO
2N37II 4/-
4/- BCY38
BCY39 27/4•/- OA9I
OA9S 2/-1/6 1,4 2CIU
2C42S iVoltages;
Watt 10% Tolerance—
2N38I9 BCY40 OA200 PIV 200mA 750mA 2 Amp 10 —Amp P1V50 lA
IN3820
2N4058 33/6»/-71- BCY54
BCY70
>34
•5/3 OA202
OA2I0 2/- 443/6
EA403
EB383 50 6c)9d I/-
1/6 2/J 100 7/6 10/-
91- 10/- 1213 AU-
2N40S9
IN4060 *1- BCY7I
BCY72
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84
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OAZ202 36
MJ491
M148I
40341
100
200 1/3 21- 2/9 4/6
3/3 5/-
8/- 200 8/6
— ■2/6 S-l
5-6 9 1 1516 ONE
PRICE.
2N406I BCY87 •4,4 OAZ206 400 V- 2/6 91- 300
2N4062
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6,*/-;-
9,4 BCZM
BDI2I 10/4
l»/6 OAZ207
OAZ241 71-3/6
3/6
40342
STSTI4I140 600
800 3/9 4/6
3/- 9/6
11/3 400 9/6
600 15/-
20/- 4-3 6-2
6-8 10
li 3, 6 ea.
2N42SS BD114 17/- 3/- v-
2SOI8 •/*•4 BFI52 13/4 OAZ243 */-3 6
OAZ242 1000 6/- 6/6 14/- 800 — See IR Pane!
Full range for also
5 watt I watt types.
In stock

80107/8/8^2/9 ii LOGIC ^ COMPONENTS HI-

1-6 7-11 12+ RESISTOR5 } OR { WATT 5% LOW NOISE CARBOH
LL900
UL9I4 II/- J|/- 9/69/6 8/4 10.^ 10.12. X15.103.i8. X22,1.027.00. 13.X 10.39.000)47. 56.I Mej68, B2nc.ohm,
f(10% 8-2v-.4Megohm,
1
ZNSSIOr
m 8/- 8/4 SOLAR
B2M 0-2-0-4CELLS SelectiontoUrance). oePRICES: I-2S. 4d. 24-99. 3d,to100m. Id {jour
5 page Data and12/6Circuits
uL923 14/- 11/9
B3M 0-3-0-4
volts @ 2mA Selenium type ..
0-2-0-4 volts
volts (£& 10-16mA
l+2|mA Silicon
Selenium type
l2/6
15/- SKELETON
Axaiiabte
i md'PRESET
In 250.
i w»tiPOTS.
tub-mlnlature
mixed) 20%
or 5k.Kamlard Tel. Linear. Low notte.or
ii».SOk,horizaneal
article 2/6 SIM !»/- vertka). 100. 500. Ik. 2-Sk.
282646*™ 10/-
Larger1.000-f-
and quantity prices (lOO-f-
on application) S4M 0-3-0-4 volts ® 25-40mA Silicon 33/6 500f.
«le<xk>«I Meg.
iELECTROLYTIC of 122-5piece,Meg.10'5-Meg. NEW PRICE: I/- each or250k.
10k. 25k. 100k. any
SOLAR
EP50A RunsDRIVEfrom MOTOR
sunlight activity on S4M celts (above) 39/6 C .
: CAPACITORS (Mullard). —10 ^ Tot.
Submialature (ail value. In jiF)
T1843A ONIJUHCTiOK PHOTOCONDUCTIVE CELL
SIMILAR 2H2S46 TI843 LINEAR AMP. IG'S CSI20 20V 0-4 watt dark Res I iOkohms Hin. R @ J0FC = 7-2k R
BEM 3000. ETC. 8/9 CA3020 | watt output 9 volt (a, I00FC — £00 ohms l9/«
25-f 5'3d 108+4/Id supply 30/6 SOLAR CELL KITS 44V
Price *132-5 1/2 Printed circuit type
(price includes free circuit for DD!90 Contains
handbook 4 Selenium photocells and free 24 page 9/11 MIN,d.POLYESTER CAPACITORS.
Gultar/PA Amplifier!!) K-421 Super 250V each,e.0-068,
working, 001, OOI5. 0022. Td each. OOJ3. 0047,
egS/WAfwiZ/B
8TG TAA263 Tiny Mullard linear
only 17/6—data on request 2 Cadmium Sulphideofplus
assortment 7 cells,
24 page3 Selenium,
manual ..2 Silicon 58/6
and 8dVEROBOARO OI0. fd.
2|3ftnx *I8<n.3fift,II,'-J/J,. OlSin
24 xMatrix
Sin, J|FLUXx ty"-COATED
J/"- H * Sin, SJ4.
CA30I2 Wide band with TRANSISTOR KITS BARGAIN
III- pack PACK of 34 vquare Inches all good lize piece, only
built in regulation 27/6 DDtSO Contains
manual 2audio, audio and I RF transistor plus free 11/4 VEROBOARD
CA30I4 3 stage amp. with DDI84 Contains VEROPINS
VERO-CUTTER, for Blln(HSm. Matrix, SjinJf-x 241b. 3/9
»/- each36 piece,
plui Free umpte plicae
TD716ff 12/-
Darlington output 32/6 cell and germaniumRF,diode.
and power transistors,
With FREE manualSilicon solar
13/6
ni ftTi majjfiLuif SL70I Plessey lin. amp. for SILICON RECTIFIER
U10 i i HuncrieK 10/- PE circuits 18/- DDI75 Contains 4 100 pivKITS
4 amp diodes 9/11 . ,MiJ5re£^ .
DD176 Contains 22 400
DDI77 Contains 200 piv
piv ii amp
amp diodes 5/11
IIS WAIT ALL INCLUDE FREE diodes
24 PAGE MANUAL 9/11
00'J£J.CK-*P?
ULTRASONIC ZENER
fOWK SIUCOI IN
15/- Available inDIODES
the following voltages with a dissipation of I Watt and
TRANSDUCERS tolerance
Interestingonprojects.
10%. All supplied with free manual describing many
S+ 13/- 100+ 11/ 3-9V, 4-7V, 5-6V. 6-8V, 8-2V, 10V. 12V. ISV. 18V. 22V. 27V.
Operate at 40kc/s.control
Can sys-be ALL ONE PRICE: T/H I CT 7 COPTRJLO ROAD
used for remote LZ> I • BR
BREKTW000
2N2926 E™ tems without cables or elec- ZENER KIT ESSEX
2/- tronic
ducers links.
can Type 1404 trans- DDI70 project
Bargain manual
pack—conuins 5 popular I watt diodes plus 19/6 free
transmit and xnufacuationf^San^
r< r,'or iai na
FREE;
complete With each
transmitter pair
and our
re- TRANSISTOR SUBSTITUTION
Our TR0i-C{2Nto TRtO-C rangePrices
are universal replacements eonducton. C*»lo«u«axm.(IM*! frea and
on requaai.
AD161/2™«10/- ceiver
PRICE circuit.
£5.18.0 Pair (sold only 700 JEDEC ) types. in our FREE Catalogue.for over 19*9 edition
(Fine
wpptiedu>)
■wetome.
ihonlj
d. If-Export
per order. laMe. Retail
eaquiriea
Pent andPackinf
Trade
RPK PRP POWER PAIR
8ERMAKIUK in pairs) FULL SEMICONDUCTOR CENTRE LISTINGS, DOZENS OF
INTERESTING DEVICES IN OUR CATALOGUE. CIRO No.particularly
S8S-1IS8

247
 Step up your PRINTED CIRCUIT KIT
BUILD 40 IHTERESTXHG PROJECTS on a PRINTED CIRCUIT CHASSIS with
PARTS and TRANSISTORS bom yonr SPARES BOX
CONTENTS: (1) 2 Copper Laminate Boards 4i' >: 2i'. (2) 1 Board for Match-
box Radio. (7)
<6) Etchant. (3) Cleanser/Degreaser.
1 Board for Wmtwatch Radio,Booklet
(8) 16-page etc. (4)Primed
Resist.Cireuiig
(5) Resist Solvent
for Amateurs.
(9) 2 Miniature Radio Dials SW/MW/LW. Also free with each kit. (10) Essential
Design
A veryData, Circuits, Chassis
comprehensive selectionPlans, etc. for to40 suit
of circuits TRANSISTORISED PROJECTS.
everyone's requirements and
EARNINGS constructional ability. Many recently developed very efficient designs published for
the first time, including 10 new circuits.
with this complete Library of EXPERIMENTER'S
u PRINTED CIRCUIT KIT
Electrical know-how and practice 8/6
You can have this handsomely-bound Postage & Pack. 1/6 (UK)
library of facts, figures, vital theory Commonwealth:
SURFACE MAIL 2;-
and day-to-day practices sent to your AIR MAIL 8/-
home to examine free of charge. It Australia, New Zealand,
will help you understand the many South Africa, Canada
Practical branches of the vast electrical industry
from installation work of all kinds. (1) Crystal Set with biased Detector. (2) Crystal Set with voltage-quadruplerdetector,
Equipment, Instruments, Motors and (3) Crystal Set with Dynamic Loudspeaker. (4) Crystal Tuner with Audio AmpliQer.
Machines, Repair work, Maintenance and (5)
Electrical Operation right through to the Genera- (7) Carrier
Matchbox Power ConversionRadio.
or Photocell Receiver. (6) Split-Load Neutralised
(8) "TRT-FLEXON" DoublewithReflex,
Triple Reflex self-
tion and Distribution of electricity. And, adjusting regeneration (Patent Pending). (9) Solar Battgry Loudspeaker Radio.
Engineering to make the 2,350 pages of absorbing text The smallest 3 designs yet offered to the Home Constructor anywhere in the World.
crystal clear there are over 2,000 "action" 3know
Subrr.iniature
of a smallerRadio Receivers
design publishedbased on the "Triflexon"
anywhere. (10) Postagecircuit.
StampLet us know
Radio. Sizeifonly
you
photos and explanatory drawings. In ad- 1-62' x 0-95' x 0-25". (11) Wristwatch Radio 1-15' x 0-80" x 0-55*. (12) Ring
dition you receive a slip-case of 36 large Radio 0-70* x 0-70" x 0-55*. (13) Bacteria-powered Radio. Runs on sugar or bread.
Blueprint charts and sheets of handy data. (14) Radio
(17) 1-valveControl Tone (18)
Amplifier. Receiver.
Reliable (15)Burglar
Transistor
Alarm.P/P (19)
Amplifier. (16) Intercom,
Light-seeking Animal,
IT TELLS YOU ALL ABOUT Plus fascinating colour booklet of trans- Guided
—Installing domestic parent pages which peel away to reveal
how a Nuclear Power Station is operated. Tester. Missile. (20) Perpetual
(23) Human Motion Machine.
Body Radiation Detector.(21)(24)Metal Detector.
Man/Woman (22) Transistor
Discriminator.
wiring, regulations, (25) Signal Injector. (26) Pocket Transceiver (Licence required). (27) Constant
equipment, testing, cables LEADING EXPERTS EXPLAIN IN DETAIL Volume Intercom. (28) Remote Control of Models by Induction. (29) Inductive-Loop
and faults, meters and Transmitter. (30) Pocket Triple Reflex Radio. (31) Wristwatch Transmitter/Wire-less
switchgear, lighting, water Written by 87 experts, this PRACTICAL Microphone. (32) Wire-less Door Bell. (33) Ultrasonic Switch/Alarm. (34) Stereo
heating, space heating, library is planned to give you the Preamplifier. (35) Quality Stereo Push-Pull Amplifier. (36) Light-Beam Telephone
knowledge which would normally take a "Photophone". (37) Light-Beam Transmitter. (38) Silent TV Sound Adaptor. (39)
cookers, refrigeration, lifetime to acquire. Send foryourfree trial Ultrasonic Transmitter. (40) Thyristor Drill Speed Controller.
public address equipment set now—no obligation to purchase.
. . .in fact everything
you need to add to your YOU RECEIVE 4 VOLUMES PHOTOELECTRIC KIT
income, to really advance strongly bound in Grey Moroquette,
In your work. 9^in. x 6i!n. containing 2,352 Pages of CONTENTS: 2 P.C. Chassis Boards, Chemicals, Etching Manual, Infra-Red Photo
Instructive information on latest practice; transistor.
Terminal Block, Elegant Case, Screws, etc. In fact everything you need to Control,
Latching Relay, 2 Transistors, Condensers, Resistors. Gain build a
2,100 Photographs, Diagrams, Steady-Light Photo-S witch/Counter/Burglar Alarm, etc. (Project No. 1) which can be
Working Drawings, many modified for modulated-light operation.
showing actual operations in —Mir
works and pjants. PHOTOELECTRIC KIT
24 Data Sheets in colour. 39/6
12 Quick-reference Blue- Postage and Pack. 2/6 (UK)
print Charts, each in the PHOTOELECTRIC Commonwealth:
large size of I6fin. x I I^-in. BUBGLAJ) ALARU
NUCLEAR POWER (IMVISISLE BEAU TYPE SURFACE MAIL 3/6
STATIONS BOOKLET AIR MAIL £1.0.0
Australia, New Zealand
S. Africa, Canada and U.S.A.
FREE GIFT Also Essential Data Circuits
Newnes Electrical Pocket and Plans for Building
Book 12 PHOTOELECTRIC PROJECTS. (I) Steady-Light
Modulated-Light Alarm. (3) Long-Range Stray-Light Alarm. Photo-Switch'Alarm. (2)
(4) Relay-less Alarm.
Nearly 400 pages with (5) Warbling-Tone Alarm. (6) Closed-Loop Alarm. (7) Project Lamp Stabiliser.
258 illustrations, (8) Electronic Project Modulator. (9) Mains Power Supplv. (10) Car Parking Lamp
diagrams, tables. Switch. (11) Automatic Headlamp Dipper. (12) Super-Sensitive Alarm.
(Value I0}6d) INVISIBLE BEAM OPTICAL KIT
Everything needed (except plywood) for building: 1 Invisible-Beam Projector and
1 Photocell Receiver (as illustrated). Suitable for all Photoelectric Burglar Alarms,
Sent to you by post on Counters, Door2 lenses,
CONTENTS: Openers, etc. 2 45-degree wooden blocks, Infra-red filter, projector
2 mirrors,
lamp holder, building plans, performance data, etc. Price 19/6. Postage and Pack.
1/6 (U.K.). Commonwealth: Surface Mai 12/-; Air Mail 8/-.
JUNIOR PHOTOELECTRIC KIT
?. AA YS _F RJE E J RJ AI Versatile Invisible-beam. Relay-less. Steady-light Photo-Switch, Burglar Alarm,
To:B c in h Pr<!M Door Opener, Counter, etc., for the Experimenter.
CONTENTS:
Case, Resistors,Infra-Red
Screws, etc.Sensitive
Full SizePhototransistor, 3 Transistors,
Data SheetChassis, Plastic
In,PJoase send " !lPRACTICAL
8 !^ Ltd., 18-19 WarrenENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL Street, London, W.I without II Plans, Instructions, "10 Advanced
i £books
S in-10o8 days
i0 uy lf you acce
or post— P t m
y application. I will return the I Photoelectric Designs".
Price 19/0. Postage and Pack. 3/6 (U.K.). Commonwealth 2/-; Air Mail 4/-.
Tick (■/) here □ Full cash price of £16, or ■ UNI0R OPTICAL KIT
□ 16/-dep. & 16 monthly payments of 20/-. CONTENTS; 2 lenses,toInfra-red
| if you are under 21 your father must fill up the coupon thing (except plywood) build 1 Filter, Lampholder,
miniature Bracket,
invisible beam Plans,and
projector etc.photocell
Every-
receiver for use with Jonior Photoelectric Kit.
^ Full Name Price 10/6. PostandPack. 1/6 (U.K.). Commonwealth: Surface Mail 2/-: Air Mai 14/-.
| (Block letters) PHOTOELECTRIC PARKING LAMP SWITCH
| Address Pleise lid (Jj hctt ' Automatically turns parking lamp on at dusk, off at dawn. Protects your car. Saves
The address on left is I the battery. Miniature construction. Simply insert in parking lamp lead. Price: 27/8
I my/our property f~; | Post and Packing 2/6 (U.K.). '
l Senfetf .— I THYRISTOR LIGHT DIMMER
unfurnishedL i • Add a touch of luxury to your home. Adjust the light at parties, while watching TV,
| County etc.
Furnished acconi] | Price:IdealB9/8.forPost
Children's bedroom,
and Packing 2/6 (100 watts max.) Replaces on-off switch.
(U.K.).
I Occupation.. Temperjfr ^—. I
addressLj ' YORK ELECTRICS
I
| Signature 333 YORK ROAD, LONDON, S.W.11
| (Credit price £16.165.) PEE/3953 Send a S.A.E. for full delailt, a brief detcrlption and Photoorapht of all Kits and off
52 Radio, Electronic and Photoelectric Projects Assembled.

248
EXCLUSIVE PURCHASE! TRANSISTOR STEREO 8 + 8 MK II SPECIAL OFFER!
Now using Silicon Transistors in first five stages on each
PORTABLE channel resulting in even lower noise level with improved
sensitivity. A really first-class Hi-Fi Stereo Amplifier Kit.
AMPLIFIER Uses 14 transistors giving 8 watts push pull output per A great oppor-
channel (16W mono). Integrated pre-amp. with Bass, tunity to pur-
UNIT Treble and Volume controls. Suitable for use with chase a first class
By well known Ceramic or Crystal cartridges. Output stage for any GENERAL
British Maker. speakers from 3 to 15 ohms. Compact design, all parts PURPOSE,
supplied including drilled metal work. Clr-Kit board, HIGH GAIN,
A luxury unit attractive
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Simpleknobs,
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instructions enable HIGH SEN-
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P' Only Brief specification: Freq. response ± 3dB. 20-20,000c/8. PORTABLE
AMPLIFIER.
Bass boost approx. to +I2dB. Treble cut approx. to Completely
Designed aa a Telephone Amplifier but can be used in
many different ways — a booster amplifier for transistor — 16dB. Negative feedback 18dB over main amp.
Power requirements 25V at 0-6 amp. contained and self
can
radios, a baby alarm, Intercom, paging system, etc., etc. PRICES: be used for a variety
High gain four transistor amplifier unit housed in
attractive leathercloth KIT £3.0.0;AMPLIFIER
CABINET £8.0.0. KIT £10.10.0;
All Post Free.POWER PACK of purposes, i.e. Intercom,
Baby Alarm, Booster unit lor
upward facing 3' high covered
flux P.M.,wooden
speakercabinet
coveredwith by Circuit diagram, construction details ami parts list (free
with kit) 1/6. (S.A.E.). transistor radios etc., also ideal for class room
unit etc.
neat plastic grille. Fitted 3.5 mm jack socket and
volume/on/off control. Size 7" x 4i' x 34* high. SPECIAL PURCHASE! ACOS Stick Works perfectly
Microphone (81/-).with
OutputourlOOOmW.
special Uses
offer
E.M.I.8Jln.
4-SPEED standard 9 volt battery. Smart two tone carrying
Operates on standard PP6 or VT6 battery. Supplied
complete with telephone pick-up induction coil fitted Heavy metal PLAYER
turntable. case size I2x4x9in. fitted standard input Jack socket,
volume controls.
suction pad, lead and 3.5 mm jack plug. P p Low flutter performance
250 V shaded motor (90 V
200/ tested, brand new 7x4in.
with lullspeaker.
maker's Completely
guarantee. built and
Our Special price 35/- 4f6 tap). Complete with latest POST
Or as above with 3.S mm plug and DLR5 unit lor use as type lightweight pick-up arm Only 79/6 FREE
sensitive microphone lor baby alarms, communication and mono cartridge with t/o
systems, etc. Will operate over distances of up to 200ft © «tylii for LP/78. LIMITED
or more when connected with twinpflex orp bell wire. NUMBER ONLY 63/-. P. A
price 40/- -4f6 - P. 6/6. STEREO AMPLIFIER
4-SPEED RECORD PLAYER BARGAINS Incorporating
wound mains 2transformer.
ECLSfi's andOutput
1 EZ80,4 heavy
watts duty, double
per channel.
'(Batteries and flex not included) Mains nxodelj.
E.M.I. MODELAll999brand SinglenewPlayer
In maker'swith packing.
unit Full tone and volume controls. Absolutely complete.
5iu.I4/.;BRAND NEW8in.27/-;
fiiin. 18/6; 3 OHM7 LOUDSPEAKERS
x 4m.l8/6; 10 x 6in. 27/8. mounted pick-np arm and mono cartridge £5.5.0 Output impedance 3 ohms. ONLY
E.M.I. 8 x 5in. with high finx magnet 21/-. E.M.I. I3i >: B.S.R. UA25 with latest mono compatible cart... £8.19.8 £5.9.6
8m. with high flux ceramic magnet
E.M.I. 13 x Sin. with two Inbuilt tweeters 42/- (15
andohm 45/-).
crossover All plus Carriage and Packing 8/8. P. & P. 81:
network. 3 or 15 ohms 4 gns. P. & P. 5in. 2/-, 61 & Sin. 2/6, LATEST GARRARD MODELS. All typea available 1000 Super De-
10 <t 12m.NEW.
3/6 per SP25, 3000, AT60 etc. Send S.A.E. for Bargain Prices! luxe ver-
BRAND 12in.speaker.
15W H/DNow
Speakers.
with HI3Flux
or 15ceramic
ohms. PLINTH
QOOO. UNITS cutSP25.
out With
for Garrard Models 1000, 1025, sion
E c Lwith
By well-known British maker.
ferrobar magnet assembly. £5.10,0. P. & P. 5/-. Guitar PRICESOOO, AT60,
5 gna, complete. P. & Hgld
P. 8/6.jjerspcx cover- OUR valves,
86
Models: 25w. £6; 35w. £8. SONOTONE 0TAHC sep. bass,
E.U.I. 3Jin. HEAVY
mic magnet. AvailableDUTYin 3 orTWEETERS.
8 ohms 15'- Powerful cera-
each; 15 ohms diamond stylus 50/-. P.compatible
& P. 2/-. Stereo Cartridge with treble and
balance con-
18/6 LATEST RONETTE T/O Stereo Compatible Cartridge for truls. Full feedback.
12in.each.
*'RA"P.TWIN
& P. CONE
2/6. LOUDSPEAKER. 10 watts peak EP/LP/Stereo/78.
LATEST RONETTE T/O Mono 32/8. P. & P. 2/-. Cartridge for
Compatible 8 gni. P. & P. 81:
handling. 3 or 15 ohm,35 OHM85/-.SPEAKERS
P. & P. 3/6. EP/LP/78 mono or stereo records on mono equipment.
3Jin. 12/6; 7x 4iu. 21/-. P. & P. 2/- per speaker. 30/-. P. & P. 2/-. HIGH GAIN
PRINTED CIRCUIT4 TRANSISTOR
FEW ONLY! ACOS GP69/1. For EP and LP10/-. P. & P. 2/- AMPLIFIER
VYNAIR AND REXINE SPEAKERS AND CABINET QUALITY
Aduty
top-quality RECORD PLAYER
record mains
player AMPLIFIER
amplifier MK II
employing Type TA1 KIT
FABRICS
yd. length.app.
P. &54in.
P. 2/6wide.(min.
Usually 35/-S.A.E.
1 yd.). yd., ourforprice 13/6
samples. double wound transformer, ECC83, heavy
EL84, • Peak out-
put in excess
EZ80 valves. Separate Bass, Treble and Volume controls. of• Allwatts.
LATEST COLLARO MAGNAVOX 383 STEREO TAPE Complete with output transformer matched for 3 ohm stan-
DECK. Three speeds 4 track, takes up to Tin. spools. speaker. Size 7in.w.
PRICE 75/-. P. & P.x61-.3d. x 6 h. Ready built and tested. dard British
£16.0.0. Carr. 10/-. components.
• Built on
QUALITY PORTABLE TAPE RECORDER ALSO
transformer and speakermounted
AVAILABLE ready toonfitboard with output
Brand new. Beautifully made. Only 49/6. P. & P. 8/6.CASE. PRICE 07/6. P. & P. 7/6.
into cabinet below. printed circuit size
• Generous panelDriver
size fix and
3iu. Output Transformers.
Dtu! Purpose Bulk
iier 85/-. P. & P. 3/-.Tape Eraser and Tape Head Demagnet- DE LUXE QUALITY PORTABLE R/P CABINET MK H • Output transformer tapped for 3 ohm and 15 ohm
AC08 CRYSTAL MIKES. High imp. for desk or hand use. Uncut motor board size 14 J x I2in., clearance 2 In. below, speakers. # Transistors (GET114 or 81 Mullard AC128D
SJin. above. Will takeorabove and matched pair of AC128 o/p). # 9 volt operation.
High sensitivity, 18/8. P. & P. 1/6.
ACOS HIGH IMPEDANCE CRYSTAL STICK MIKES. GARRARD changer Singleamplifier and anyAT60
Player (except B.S.R.andor •• Comprehensive
Everything supplied, wire, battery clips, solder,circuit
etc.
OUR PRICE 21/-. P. <fe P. 1/6.
CARBON MiKE INSERTS. Brand New. 21m. dia. 5/--
SP25). Size 18x15 x8In. PRICE 79/6. P. & P. 9/6. diagram 2/6 (Free easy
withtoKit).
followAll
instructions
parts sold and
separately.
P. & P. 1/6. FM/AM TUNER HEAD SPECIAL PRICE 45/-. P. A P. 3/-. Also ready built and
Beautifully designed and pre-& tested. 52/0. P. & P. 3/-.
cision engineered by Dormer
NEW S.T.C. TYPE 25 MINIATURE RELAYS— Wadsworth Ltd. Supplied HARVERSON'S SUPER MONO
12 volt. 385 4 e/p, ready
tuningfitted withfortwin
AM*0005
resistance ohms.c/o Size
contacts.
approx.1 JXampHX1 rating. Coil
Jin. high. nection.
condenser
Prealigned
con-
FM I.F.
sec- AMPLIFIER
10/-
Also each. P. & P. 1/6. tion covers 88-102Mc/8. Amains
super quality gramEZ80amplifier usinganda double wound
ohmssome similar
48 volt to above
operation. but coil
8/- each. P. &resistance
P. 1/6. 5,800 output 10-7Mc/s. Complete
with ECC85diagram
(6L12) valve andhead. Another special bulk pentodetransformer, rectifier
valve as audio amplifier and power ECL82
output trlode
stage.
SPECIAL OFFER! PLESSEY TYPE 29 TWIN TUNING full circuit of tuner Impedance 3 ohms. Output approx. 3-5 watts. Volume
GANG. 400pPslow+motion.
146pF- Suitable
Fitted forwithnominal
trimmers and purchase enables us to offer these at 27/8 each. P. & P. 3/-. and tone controls. Chassis size only 7in. wide x 3iu. deep
5:1 integral 470 kc/s GORLER F.M. TUNER HEAD. 8S-100 Mc/s. 10-7 Mc/s. Sin. high overall. AC mains 200/240V. Supplied absolutely
I.F. Size approx. 2xlxl£in. Only 8/8. P. & P. 2/6. I.F. 15/- plus 2/6 P. & P. (ECC85 valves, 8/6 extra). Brand New completely
good quality wired and tested
output transformer- LIMITED with NUMBER.
valves and
3-VALVE AUDIO OUR ROCK BOTTOM p. &p.
TRANSFORMER BARGAINS AMPLIFIER
Designed MODEL
for Hi-Fi HA34
reproduc- BARGAIN PRICE 49/6 8/-
MAINS TRANSFORMER. tion of records.ReadyA.C.built
Mains
separate J wave secondariesPrimary 200-240V16Vtwo
giving approx. at operation.
plated heavy gauge metal
on 10/14 WATT HI-FI
1 amp and 20V at 1-2 amp; sees, can be connected in chassis, size 7Jin w. x 4in. d. x AMPLIFIER KIT
series for 3QV at 1-5 amp. Ideal for transistor power 4fin. h.EZ80
Incorporates Amonaural
stylishlyamplifier
finished
supplies. Drop through mounting. Stack size 2J 3i x
iin. 15/-. P. & P. 6/-. EL84, valves. ECC83,
Heavy with an output
MAINS TRANSFORMER.
Pri. 200/240V. Sec. 9-0-9 For transistor11/-.power
at 500mA. P. &supplies.
P. 2/6.
Idaty,
transformer andwound
double output mains
trans- 14 watts from of2
Prl. 200/240V. Sec. 12-0-12 at 1 amp. 14/6. P. && P.
P. 2/6. uormer matchedcontrols.
for 3 Nega-
ohm £L84s in push-pull.
Super reproduction
Pri. 200/240V. Sec. 10-0-10 at 2 amp. 27/8. P. 3/6. speaker, separate Bass, Treble and volume ofspeech,
both with
musicnegli-
and
MATCHED PAIR OF 2J WATT TRANSISTOR DRIVER tive feedback line. Output 41 watts. Front panel can be
AND OUTPUT detached and leads extended for remote mounting of
3in. Output trans,TRANSFORMERS.
tapped for 3 ohmStack
ami 15size ohmllxlix
output. controls.
tested for Complete
only £4.5.0.withP. &knobs,
P. 6/-.valves, etc., wired and
gible hum.
inputs
Separate
for mike and
10/-
7-10pair
wattplus 2,'- P. iTRANSFORMERS
OUTPUT P. to match pair of HSL "FOUR" AMPLIFIER KIT. Similar in appearance to gram allow records
ECLSS's in puah-pull to 3 ohm output. ONLY 11/-. HA34 above but employs entirely different and advanced and announcements
P. & P. 2/6. circuitry. Complete set of parts, etc. 79/6. P. & P. 6/-. to followshrouded
Fully each other.
section
BRAND NEW MAINS TRANSFORMERS for Bridge BRAND match 3-15 n speaker andwound output volume
2 independent transformer
controls,to
Rectifier. Pri. 240V AG. Sec- 240V at 50mA and 6-3V at
1-5 amp. Stack size 2J x jx2iin. 10/6. P. A- P. 3/6. (Matched NEW TRANSISTOR
Pair) 15/-; VlS/lOp, 10/-; BARGAINS. GET 6/-;
OC71 5/-; OC76 15 and separate bass and treble controls are provided giving
good lift and cut. Valve line-up 2 EL848, ECC83, EF86 and
(Special quotations for quantities). AP1X7 7/6. EZ80 rectifier. Simple instruction booklet 2/6 (Free with
Set of Mullard 6 transistors OC44, 2—OC45, AC128D, parts). All pirt« sold «epir*tely. ONLY £7,9.6. P. & P. 8/6.
matched pair AC128 25/-; Mullard LFH3 Audio Trans- Also available ready built and tested complete with std.
8 x 6 xHIGH
£in. GRADE
FIVE forCOPPER
10/-. P. LAMINATE
& P. 2/-. BOARDS istor Pack AC128D and matched pair AC128 12/6;
ORP12 Cadmium Sulphide Cell 10/6. All post free. input sockets, £9.6.0. P. & P. 8/6.
Open alt day Saturday HARVERSON SURPLUS CO. LTD. (Please wriie dearly)
Early closing Wed. 1 p.m. PLEASE
A few minutes from SotUh Wimbledon 170 HIGH ST., MERTON, S.W.I9 rei.oi-MojMs QUOTEDNOTE:
APPLYP.TO
& P.U.K.
CHARGES
ONLY.
Tube Station P. & P. ONEXTRA.
CHARGED OVERSEAS ORDERS
SEND STAMPED ADDRESSED ENVELOPE WITH ALL ENQUIRIES

249
 BUILD YOURSELF A QUALITY TRANSISTOR

RADIO-FULL AFTER SALES SERVICE!

T N E M A C3 JM I F I C E N T
SEVEN WAVEBAND *11
ROAMER
PORTABLE
I ?ULMedium
txtra i-7JUNABL ? W.AVE
waveband BANDS-MWl.
provides easier tuning MW2, LW, SW1,
of Radio SW2. SW3etc.
Luxembourg, andBuilt
Trawler Band,
in ferrite
rod aenal for Medium and Long Waves. 5 Section 22in chrome plated telescopic aerial for
Short Waves—can be angled and rotated for peak S.W. listening. Socket for Car Aerial,
cowertul push-pull output. 7 transistors and two diodes including Micro-Alloy R F
Transistors. Famous make 7 x 4in P.M. speaker. Air spaced janged tunina condenser.
Volume/on/off control, wave change switches and tuning control. Attractive case with carndng
handle. Size 9 x 7 x 4m approx. First grade Total bullditv- co-its Parts price list and
components. Easy to follow instructions and e; •< n « P. & P. easv build nlans Si-
diagrams make the Roamer 7 a pleasure to build. 7/6 (FREE with parts).
Personal Earpiece with switched sockeffor private listening, 5/- extra.
"HEW LOOK" MELODY SIX POCKET FIVE
MED. AIID 10X0 WA7ES. WITH MED. and L05& WAVES AHD
SPEAKEE AHD EASPIECE TRAWLER BAHD to approx.
6 tranaistors and 2 diodea. PnHh-
pall output, tuning condenser, metres. WITH
EARPIECE. 5 SPEAKER
transistors AND502
and,
high *'Q" and
Sfin speaker, ferrite rod earpiece
personal aerial, diodes, ferrite rod aerial, tuning
•with switched socket for private condenser,
5} x li x moving
3Jin. coil
Totalspeaker, etc.
Building
listening, 61- x 4 x 2m.
Building Cost# 69/6. P. & P. 4/3. Total Costa 44/6. P. P. 3/6. Plans
and Parts list 1/C (free with parts).
Plans and parts list 2/- (free
with parts).
TKASSOSA FIVE SUPER SEVER
MED. AlfD MED. LORfi ARD TRAWLER ROAMER SIX
BARD to LOICG AJTD TRAWLER
approx. 50 metres BARD. 7 transistors and 2
diodes. push-pull
3 In speaker, 2 K.F.
6 WAVEBANDS — MW1, MW2,
SW1, SWS, LW ARD TRAWLER
WITH .SPEAKER AND EAR- utages, output, etc. BARD. 6 tranaistors and 2 diodes.
PIECE. 5 transistors
rod aerial, and
tuning2 TJ :< 5i x liln. Total Building Ferrite rod andToptelescopic
diodes, ferrite
condenser, volume control, moving Costs 69/6. ■ P. & P. 4/C.
and parts list 2/- (free with Plans Sin speaker. gradeaerials.
com-
coil speaker. 61 ; 47/8.
41 x lihi. poucuts. Size 71 x GJ . I'm.
Building Cost* P. &,Total
P. parts), f'crsonal Karjifccc with
switchtid socket for private Total Building Costs 79/6. P. & P.
4/6. i'laus and parts list 2/«
5/9. Plans and I'arts list 1/6 'free Ifstenfng, 5/- extra. (free
with parts). with with parts).socket
switched Personal
forEarpiece
xirivate
listening, 5/- extra.
RADIO EXCHANGE Ltd DEPT. PE4,61a HIGH STREET, BEDFORD. 0234 52367
Callers side entrance Stylo Shoe Shop. Open i0-1, 2.30-4.30 Monday ■ Friday 9.12.30 Saturday

LIREAR IRTEQEATED CIHCUITS HIGH SPEED MAGNETIC COUNTERS (4 x I :< liu). 4 digit. 12/24/48V (state
O.E. Typesingle
PA234supply
1 WATT AUDIO9 AMPLIFIER which) 6/6-each. P. & P. 1/-.
Bequlres between and 24 Volts, drives 22 ohm loads, also 23/- COPPER LAMINATE BOARD (8J x 5} x -jVin)- 2/8 each. 6 for 10/-.
compatible with 8 and 16 ohm loads. Dual-in-line package RE-SETTABLE
O.E, Type PA280 LOW LEVEL AMPLIFIER 21/- which) 32/6 each.HIGH SPEED COUNTER (3x1; Jin). 3 digit. 32/24/48V (state
With singleoperational
economical supply idealamplifier.
as audio pre-amp.
Dual-in-lineWith two supply lines becomes
package
RCA BULK COMPONENT OFFERS
Very Type CA3020
popular WIDE-BARD
i Watt, single supplyPOWER AMPLIFIER
line amplifier. DC to video. Suitable for 32/- 100 Capacitors 60pF to 0.5/iF.
motor control. Linear mixers, switches, etc. 250 Carbon Resistors J & JW (Transistor types).
RCA Type CAS035 ULTRA HIGH GAIR AMPLIFIER 250 Carbon Resistors 4 & 1W.
31,000,000
amplifiers in oneCan
times. TO-B (muitilead)
be used package,
as 3 separate overall voltage gain well over 30/-
amplifiers
100 Ceramic Capacitors 2—l,000pF.
25 Vitreous W/W Resistors (5%).
O.E, 2H5306 DARLIRGTOR FAIR 11/6 12 Precision Resistors (0.1% several standard values included)
2 transistors in one package connected as Darlington Pair. Min. 0 ^ 7,000 at 25 Close Tolerance Caps. (2%).
12 SiliconRecta.
4 Silicon Diodes400500p.i.v.
p.i.v.3 750
amp.m.a.
Ic = 2niA (i.e. base current less than 290 Nanoamps
low noise input stage for pre-amps. Also fT = 6011Hz min. 11). Ideal as low level, 8 Silicon Reds. 100 p.i.T. 3 amp.
Lead spreaders free with RCA types. Add 1/- for data sheets if required. Data 50 Silicon Trans. (2N706/708, BSY28/29. BCY41/42 types.) Unmarked. Untested.
sheets only 1/8 each, post free ANY ITEM 12/8. ANY 5 ITEMS £2.10,0.
NPN TEXAS 8ILECT TRANSISTORS (SILICON)
TTS44Fast20V switches
BOmA fi - 20 (min) 1/a S.C.Rs. (Thyristors)
CRS3/40 10/-; CRS3/50CRS1/20 5/6; CRS1/40 7/6; CRS3/10 7/8; CRS3/30 8/8;
12/6 each.
TI849 16V 200niA fi - 40-120 26
NPN Low level, low noise '3000' TYPE RELAYS (ex. new equip.) 10 for 85/- (our choice) P. & P. 6/-.
2K3707
2N3708 30V 30V 30mA 30mA SB -« 100-400
45-660 if-
2/5 VENNER LIGHTWEIGHT ACCUMULATORS (loz 1J x If x -Jin). 1-5 Ahr 12/6 each.
BC182L 50V 200mA S 100-480 8/3 COMPUTER LOGIC BOARDS containing: 14 BCXll, 2 trimpota, diodes, etc., 20/-
each.
BC183L
BC184L 30V 30V 200inA
200mA B$ =- 250100-850
(min) 2/5
8'2 LIGHT DIMMER/SPEED COKTROL MODULES: 200 watt. 35/-; 500 watt, 45/-;
NPN Medium power
2N3704 30V 800mA /3 - 100-300 3/9 1,000 watt, 60/-.
2N3705 30V 800mA 8 - 50-160 3/4 RECORD LEVEL METERS (By Smiths). 1J x Jin, 15/- each. P. & P. 2/6.
PNP Fast switch MINIATUEE RELAYS (loz, J x 4 x Jin), 24Y 1 c/o, 7/6 each. 12V. 10/- each.
TI850 12V 200mA 0- 40-150 3/9 P. C. CONNECTORS (13 way in-line), 4/6 pair.
PNP Low30V level, 30mA
low noise LARGE CAPACITY
2N4058
2N4059 30V 100mA 30mA 0£ == 100-400
45-660 4/8
3/6 70V; 3,200/xF, 16V;ELECTROLYTICS:
S.OOOpiF. 15V, 4/- 100 400/aF, 275V;
each. 4,000;LF, 1,000/xF, 25V,
90V; 5,000/xP, 50V; 7/6
2,500/LF,
each.
BC212L 50V 60-300 8/9 5,000/jF,
each. 50V; 6.300MF, 63V; 10.000/iF, 30V; 16,000/zF, 15V; 25,000^, 15V, 10/-
BC218L 30V 100mA 8 = 80-400 ' 8/9 SPEAKER BARGAINS {E.M.I. 13 X 81n.) With two Tweeters and x /over, 15 ohm,
BC214L 30V
PNP Medium power lOOmA B = 140-400 4/_ 65/-; with Dual Cone, 15 ohm, 62/6; Single Cone, 3 or 15 ohm, 45/-. P. & P. 3/-.
2N3702 25V 200mA 8 - 60-300 3/Q PARE, 12m, 20waH (Dual Cone), 957vp. & p. 6/-.
2N8703 30V 200mA 8 - 30-150 88 TWEETER (E.M.I. Sin), 35 ohm, 12/6.
N Channel FET CAR RADIO (3/5 ohm), 7 x 4in, 15/-; 8 x Sin, 17/6.
2N3819 25V 10mA 9m - 2-6-6mA/V . .. 0/-
P Channel FET L.T. TRANSFORMERS. Prim 240V. SEC. 10/20/25V. and 3.5 amp, 20/-. P. & P. 6/-.
2N3820 20V 10mA 9m - 0-8-5mA/V 18/9 6 amp. model 25/-. P. & P. 5/--
POST & PACKIRQ 1/0 CASH WITH ORDER PLEASE
KINVER ELECTRONICS LIMITED PATTRICK & KINNIE
81 PARK LANE, HORNCHURCH, ESSEX
STONE LANE, KINVER, STOURBRIDGE, WORCS. ROMford 44473

250
 LIMITED
FULLY TESTED AND MARKED T TRY OUR X PAKS FOR PRE-PAKS
AC 107 3/- OC170 31- UNEQUALLED VALUE
AC 126 2/4 OCI71 41- Selection from our lists
AC 127 2/4 OC200 3/6 No. Price
ACI28 2/4 OC20i 71- XA PAK
ACYI7
AF1U 3/- 2G30I 2/6 Bi 50 Unmarked Trans. Untested - 10/-
AFII5 4/- 2G303 2/6 Germanium PNP type transistors, equivalents to B2 4 Photo Cells Inc. Book of Instructions - 10/-
API 16 3/6 2N71 I 10/- a large part of the OC range, i.e. 44, 45,71, 72, B6 17 Red Spot AF Transistors - 10/-
AF1 17 3/6 2N1302-3 41- 81, etc.
AFJ18 3/6 2N1304-5 51- PRICE £5 PER 1000 B6A 17 White Spot RF Transistors - 10/-
AF|i9 3/6 2N1306-7
2N1308-9 61- B9 1 ORP 12 Light Sensitive Cell - 9/-
AFI86 3/6
10/- 2N3844A 8/-
AF139 10/- Power 51- B53 25 Sil. Trans. 400 Mc/s | Brand New - 10/-
BFY50 4/- Transistors XB PAK B54 40 „ NPNToS Itrans Voltage - 10/-
BSY25 7/6 OC20 10/- Silicon TO-18 CAN type transistors NPN/PNP B55 40 „ NPN To 18 j& Gain Fallouts 10/-
BSY26 3/- OC23 10/- mixed lots,- with equivalents to OC200-1, 2N706a, B56 40 „ NPN/PNP j All Tested - 10/-
BSY27 3/- OC25 51- BSY27/29, BSY95A.
BSY28 3/- OC26 51- B68 10 Top Hat Recs. 750 M/A 100-800 P1V - 10/-
BSY29 3/- OC28 7/6 PRICE £5.5,0 PER 500 B69 20 Diodes. GId-Bnd. Germ Sil. Planar - 10/-
BSY95A
OC4! 3/- OC35 51- PRICE £10 PER 1000 B74 5 Gld-Bnd. Diodes. 2-OA9, 3-OA5 - 10/-
OC44 2/6 OC36 7/6
OC-45 l/ll AD 149 10/- B75 3 Comp. Set. 2G371, 2G38I, 2G339A - 10/-
OG7I 1/9 AUY10 30/- XC PAK C2 I Unij'unction Transistor 2N2I60 - 15/-
OC72 2/6 Diodes Silicon diodes miniature glass types, finished black B77 Comp. Pair ADI6I-ADI62 -10 -
OC73 2/6
3/6 AAY42 21- with polarity marked, equivalents to OA200,
OC8I OA95 21- C35 Unijunction Transistors = to2N2l60- 15/-
OC8ID 2/6 OA70 1/9 OA202, BAY3I-39 and DK10, etc. AI Silicon Rectifiers BY 100 Type - 20/-
OC83 2/6
4/- OA79
OA8J 1/9
M9 PRICE £5 PER 1000
OCI39 2/6 OA73 21- A3 Hixed Marked and Tested Transistors - 10/-
OCI40 3/6 IN9I4 1/6 All 5 Power Transistors I-AD [49/I-OC26
ALL THE ABOVE UNTESTED PACKS HAVE and 3 others - 20/-
AN AVERAGE OF 75% OR MORE GOOD SEMI- AND MANY MORE
CONDUCTORS. FREE PACKS SUSPENDED
FREE! WITH THESE ORDERS. ORDERS MUST NOT
BE LESS THAN THE MINIMUM AMOUNTS JUST INTRODUCED f f f
PACKS OF YOUR OWN CHOICE UPTO QUOTED PER PACK.
THE VALUE OF 10/- WITH ORDERS P/P 2/6 PER PACK (U.K.) 2 BRAND NEW ITEMS • • •
OVER £4 PAK B.78
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS.
. _ MIXED UNTESTED. TYPES IN-
1I fl CLUDEt-MICSSO^Sl.PSS, 944,
/ 945, 946, 948, 950, 951. & 962.
TRANSISTORS ONLY 1/- EACH I fu These are STC Type Numbers.
SILICON • PLANAR • N.P.N. P.N.P Data and Circuits Supplied with 10/-
All these types available Orders.
PAK B.79
2N929 2N706 2SI3I 2SI03 2N696 2N16I3 2S733 BFYIO GENUINE I.T.T. FULLY
2S50I 2N706A 2S5I2 2SI04 2N697 2NI7II 2N726 2S73I TESTED AND MARKED
DIODES, i N4007, 1 AMP. 1000
4 VOLT. 10/-
BCI08 2N30II 2SI02 2N2220 2N1507 2NI893 2N2484 2S732
All tested and 1guaranteed for gain and leakage—unmarked. Make a Rev. Counter for your Car. The
Manufacturers fall outs from the new PRE-PAK range. 'TACHO BLOCK'. This encapsulated block
will turn any 0-1mA meter into a linear
NEW UNMARKED UNTESTED PAKS and accurate rev.
9C BSY95A counter for any car.
" NPN Silicon TRANSISTORS 10- State 4 or 6 cylinder. 20/- each
is T-Ai.sisTon: ir. L FREE CATALOGUE AND LISTS
25 Simeon TRANSISTORS 10/- for: —
4rtu 10 Walt Silicon ZENERS 10/- ZENER DIODES
' All Voltages
TRANSISTORS, RECTIFIERS
25 Npr/^si'i/con TRANSISTORS 10/-
FULL PRE-PAK LISTS
RECTIFIERS 10/- & SUBSTITUTION CHART
NPN>t?uicon
25 TRANSISTORS 10/-
MINIMUM ORDER 10/- CASH WITH
^r.^n0^02
40 DIODES 10/- ORDER PLEASE. Add 1/- post and packing
•%,ow
Kft
Min. Germ. DIODES 10/- per order. OVERSEAS ADD EXTRA FOR
High Quality AIRMAIL.
NPN SMicon TRANSISTORS 10/-
PRE-PAK. N.605 POWER THERE IS ONLY ONE
TRANSISTOR EQUIVALENT 5/- each BI-PRE-PAK LTD
TO NKT301-2-3-4
COMPLIMENTARY SET BEWARE OF IMITATIONS
NPN/PNP GERM, TRANS.
H&SSS,
FREE! A WRITTEN GUARANTEE WITH ALL OUR TESTED SEMICONDUCTORS
DEPT. A. 222-224 WEST ROAD, WESTCL1FF-0N-SEA, ESSEX
BI-PRE-RAK LTD TELEPHONE: SOUTHEND (0702) 46344

251"
 AVO CT.38 ELECTRONIC MULTIMETERS
High quality 97 range Instrument which measures
VALVES/SEMI-CONDUCTORS a.c. and d.c. Voltage, Current, Resistance and
E- Power output. Rangesinput).
(10megO--110megO d.c. volts
D.c.250mV-l0,000V.
current 10/xA
BRAND NEW 8. GUARANTEED 25 amps. Ohms: O-l,0O0mgQ. A.c. volt
OA2 6J4 PY801 91- 100mV-250V (with RF measuring head up to
OB2 «/- 6/- 6J6 3/8 91- 30FL1
30L15 *161- ECF82
16/- ECH35
7/6 GZ32
11/- G234 11/8 11/8 U25 161- it ft 260Mc/8).50A.c.inicrowatta-5
output current 10/xA-25 amps.Operation Power
1R5 6/- 6K8
185 4/6
30P19 14/- ECH42
6L6 9/6 30PL1 161- ECH8I 6/3 PABC80 7/6 U26
41- 11 - MUI4 91- U191 16/- 0/110/200/250V. C. Supplied inwatts.perfect condition
1T4 8/- 6Q7 8/3 30PHS 18/~ ECH83 8/8 PCC84 6/8 U281 14/- 91- complete with circuit lead and RF probe £25.
Carr. 15/-.
1U4 6SG7 61- 35L6 91- ECL80 7/9 PCC85 81- U301 11/-
1U5 6/- 7/- 6SJ7 71- 3524
35W4 8/6 ECL82 71- PCC88 11/6 U801 22/6 TYPE ISA DOUBLE BEAM
2D2i 61- 6SL7 ECL83 10/6 PCC89 12/8 11/6 UABC80 8/-
3A5 10/-
3Q4 6SM7 61- 5/6 50B5 5/3 6/6 ECL86 9/- PCC189 UAF42 10/- OSCILLOSCOPES
excellent general
AM/FM SIGNAL GENERATORS
384 7/- 6U7
6V6 71- 50C5
80 6/6
7/- EF37A
EF40 8/- PG86PC88 11/- UBC41 91- purpose D/B oscillos- Oscillator Test No.
3V4 6/- 6X4 4 8 AZ31 10/- EF41 9/6 PC97 8/8 UBF80
61- 51- 10/- 11/- UBF89 71-
71- cope. T.B. 2C/8-750. 2.precision
A high quality
inatru-
6R4 9/- 6X5 61- DAF91 4/6 EF42 10/6 PC900 9/8 UCC84 10/- kc/s. Bandwidth
Mc/s. Sensitivity 33m V/ 5-5 ment made for the
6U4 61- 7B7 71- DAF96 71- EF80 61- PCF80 7/3 UCC85 71- CM. Operating voltage ministry by Airmec.
6V4 8/8 7C6 6/6 DF91 EF85 8/6
91- EF86 71- PCF84 71- PCF82 UCF80 9/8 0/110/200/250V a.c. Frequency cover-
6YS
5Z4 8/- 6/9 7X4
10C2 16/- 8/8 DF96 71- UCH42 10/-
61- XJCH81 Supplied In excellent age 26-80Mc/9. AM/
DK91
DK92 8/9 61- EF89 6 3 PCF86 61- 71- working condition. C.W./FM. Incor-
6/30L2 12/8
6AC7 4/- I0P13 10F1 9/- EF91 41- PCF80015/r UCL82 91- £22.10.0. Or complete porates precision dial, levelOperation
meter, precision
10P14 16/-15/- DK96 91- EF92 41- PCF80110/- rCL83 10/- tvf , with attenuator
12V d.c. or 0/110/200/250V a.c. from
l/iV-100mV.
6A67 61- DL92 61- EF183
6AK5 5/- 12AT6 51- DL94 61- EP184 71- PCF80614'- UF80 71- 71- PCF80210/- XJF41 10/- probe, all leads, accessories,
lid, etc. 12 x SJx 9m. Supplied in brand new
Size
6AL5 51- 12AT7 41- DL96 8/- EL33 17/6 PCL82 7/6 UF85 7/6 £25. Carriage 30/-, condition complete with all connectors
6AM6 41- 12ALT 6/- DY86 8/6 EL34 11/- PCL83 9/6 L-F89 7/6 ADMIRALTY fully tested. £45, Carr. 20/-.
6AQ5
6AS6 6/- 12AX7 61- E88C 12/6 EL41 9/8 PCL84 8/- UL41 10/- 6.40
6 AT 6 8/- 12BA6
12BE6 6/9 6/8 BABC80
E180F 15/-
71- EL42
EL81 11/-
PCL85 9/6 UL84 71-
61- PCL86 Just RECEIVERS
released by
6AU6 61- 61- UY41 7/8 the Ministry. High
6BA6 4/9 12Q7 5/6 EB91 91- EL85 8/6 PFL20012/6
6/9 12BH7 8/8 EAF42 9/6 ELS 4 v- PL36 UY85 6/6 quality
receiver 10 manu-valve AV0METERS
6BE6 5/3 32SQ7 7/8 EBC41 9/6 EL91 41- PL81 7/0 VR105/305/8
6BH6
10/6
factured by Murphy. Supplied in excel-
8/- 19AQ5 61- EBC81 EL95
6BJ6 Sh 20F2 141- EBF80 7/6 EM80 7/6 PL83 71- VR160/3061-
71- 5/3 PL82 71- Coverage in 6 bands lent condition, fully
6BR7 650kc/a - 30Mc/s, tested and checked.
6BZ6 - 111- 20L3
20P1 191- EBF83 EBF89 7/6 9/- EM84
EMS I 91- PL84 8/9
7/8 PL500 14/6 I/F 500kc/s. In- Complete with
prods, leads and
6C4 7h 8/8 20P3 121- 12/- ECC40 11/8 7/6 PY33 9/9 MANY corporates 2 R.F. inst ructions.
6C6 41- 20P4 22/6 ECCSI 4/- EM87 6/6 OTHER and 3 I.F. stages, Model 7 £18.10,0.
6CD6 20/- 25L6 6/8 ECC82 6h EY86 71- PY80 EY51 7/6
PY81 6/- TYPES IN noise limiter,I/F,crystal
band-pass
controlled
filter,
B.F.O., P. & P. 7/6.
6CH6
6CJ.6 91- 25Z4 8/- E(X«3 61-
socie 13/6 ECC84 s/e EZ41 8/6 PY83 6/-EZ40 8,6 PY82 calibrator output, etc. Built-in
6D6 101- 91- 30C18 14/- ECC85 5/6 EZ80 5/8 PY88 7/6 0/6 STOCK. speaker, output for phones. Operation
160/230V a.c. Size 19J x 13* x 16in.
6E5 8/- 30F3 14/- ECF80 71- EZ81 5/6 PY800 8/- Weight 1141b. Offered in good working TE-I6A TRANSISTORISED
TRANSISTORS BSYSS 8/8 OC70
B8Y54 0/6 OC71 3/- 3- SILICON condition, £22.10.0. Carr. 30/-. A few
available Brand New £35. Carr. 30/-. With SIGNAL GENERATOR
2N696 6h AF114 6/6 BSY55 15/9 OC72 41- POWER DIODES circuit diagrams. Also available B.41 5 Ranges 400 KHZ-
2N697 AFJ15 4/8 BSY56 17/8 OC73 51- 60 P.I.V. L.F. version of above 16kc/8-700kc/8. 30 MHZ. An in-
2N706 61- 91- AF116 4/8 BSY65 4/6 OC74 61- 290 MA 6 AMP 6/6
400 P.I.V. £17.10.0 Carr. 30/-. expensive instru-
ment for the handy-
2N706A 41- AFil7 4/8 BSY78 BSY79
7-6 OC75 4 6
7/6 OC76 4/6 21- SAMP 7/6 CLASS D man. Operates on
2N708 41- AF119 4/6 BSY95A 3/8 OC77 4.6 70 P.I.V.. 700 P.I.V.
2N743
2N744 41- 41-
AF186 12/-
ASY28 6/8 BUY10 12/8 OC78 61- 1 AMP 8/6
P.I.V. 100 AMP35/-
WAVEMETERS
Aheterodyne
crystal controlled easybattery.
9V to read Wide,
scale.
2N763 4/8 BC107 4/6 GET106 4/8 OC81 41- 140 165MA 1/- 800 P.I.V. frequency 800 KHZ modula-
tion. 5}* y. 5J' x
2N914 4/8 BC108 8/6 GET113 51-
4,'8 OC81M 2 6 150 P.I.V.10/- 500MA 3/6 meter covering 1*7- 3{*. Complete
2N916 4/6 BC109 4/6 GET873 OC81D 91- 25AMP SMc/s. Operation on
2N929 4/6 BC170
2N930 61- BC172 8/3 MAT100 91- GET874 4/6 OC81DM2/6
7/9 OC82 4/6 200 P.I.V. 800 P.I.V.7/6
5 AMP 6 volts ind.c. good
amateur use. Available Idealused
for with
and leads. instructions
£7.19.8.
MATIOX 8/6 OC83
2N1613 61- BC173 S'9 MAT120 7/9 OC139 7/6 400 P.I.V. 6 AMP 5/- 6 AMP 6/8 1000 P.I.V, condition £5.19.8. Carr. 7/6. Or brand new P. & P. 4,'-.
2N1711 6/6 BCY31 7/6 with accessories £7.19.6. Carr. 7/6-
2N1893 8/- BCY34 4/8 4/6 MAT12I 8/8 OC140 9/6 400 500MA 8/6 1000 P.I.V
P.I.V. 650MA 6/6
2N2160 BCY39 4/6 NKT210 61- OC169 4/6 MARCONI TEST EQUIPMENT
14/11 BCY42 61- NKT211 5/- OC170 4/6 EX-MiLITARY RECONDITIONED.
2N2147 17/8 BCY43 61- NKT212 NKT213 4/9 51- OC171
OC200 51- 4/8 THYRISTORS TF 144G STANDARD
85Kc/s-25Mc/8, SIGNAL
£25, carr. 30/-. GENERATORS,
TF.885. VIDEO
2N2369
2N2646 13/65/9 BCY70 6/6 NKT214 3/9 OC201 7/6 SILICON CONTROL
2N2926 8/- BCY71 10/8
6/8 NKT215 8/9 OC202 6/- RECTIFIERS OSCILLATOR. 0-5Mc/b, £45. Carr. 30/-.
2N3053 7/8 BCY72BF115 4/6 XKT216 9/6 9/6 OC203 61- 400 P.I.V. 200 P.I.V. T.F. 195M.
9-40Kc/s, BEAT FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR
2N3056 19/6 BFX12 0/6 NKT217 00204 61-
4/9 STi40 41- 100 P.I.V.7/6 400
SAMP 7 AMP 15/6 Distortion 200/250Va.c.
Factor Meter,£20.£20. carr.carr.
30/-. TF.142E.
20/-. AH
2N3706
28102 61- 6/6
BFX13 4/8
BFY10 6/6 NKT219
NKT223 61- ST141 61- P.I.V. above offered in excellent condition fully
2S103 6/8 BFY11 4/8 NKT224 3/9 XA104 4/8 7 AMP 13/8 7 AMP 15/6 tested and checked. TF. 1100
METER. Brand New. £50. T.F. 1267 TRANS- VALVE VOLT-
2S104 6/6 BFY17 4/6 NKT225 NKT229 3'9 5/- XA124
XA125 4/8
4 6 2ENER DIODES MISSION TEST SET. Brand New £75. TP.137I. Wide Band Millivolt Meter, £50.
AC107
AC126 4/8 4/6 BFY18 4/6 NKT240 4 6 XB112
BFY19
AC127 4/6 BFY60 4/6 NKT261 4/6 4/3 XCI41 8/- 71- OAZ20012/- OAZ208
OAZ20I10/- OAZ209
6/6
6/8 VjriM VcltosemANSnRHtRS
AC128
AC165 4/6 41- BFY51 41- NKT40514/8 PHOTO OAZ202 8/8 OAZ210 6/6
BPY52 4/6
AC167 4/6 BFY90 12/6 NKT40315/6 TRANS OAZ203 8/6 OAZ211 6/6 Brand new, guaranteed and carriage paid.
AC176 5/6 BSX19 ISTORS
5/8 NKT10439 OCP71 12/6 OAZ205 8/6 OAZ2] 3 6/0 OAZ204 8/8 OAZ212 6/6 High quality construction. Input 230V 50-60 cycles.
ACY19 4/6 BSX20 Output full variable from 0-260V. Bulk quantities available. SI
ACY20
ACY21 4/9 BSX40 135/69 OC19 7/ SIGNAL OAZ206 8/6
OAZ207 9/8 OAZ22715/- 1 amp.—£5.10.0; 2-5amp.—£6.15.0; 5 amp.—£9.15.0;
8 amp.—£14.10.0; 10 amp.—£18.10.0; 12 amp.—£21; 20 amp.—£87.
4/6 BSX41
ACY22 4,'- BSY10 51- OC25 17/- OC23 STC. 1 WATT
DIODES 2.4/2.7/3/3.9/4.3/13/16/18/ SERIES 5%
ACY28 4/3 5/- BSY26
BSY11 61- OC26 IN34A 41- 20/30/33 volt, 5/- each.from TE22 SINE SQUARE WAVE
ACY40 4/6 OAS 3/8 ADVANCE
ACY41
AD140 4/8 BSY27
BSY23 4/8 OC28
OC35 OA70 21- Z3.9-50 series. All voltages
volt. 250mW, 2/6 ea. TEST EQUIPMENT AUDIO GENERATORS
8/6
AD149 18/- BSY29 4/6 OC36 4/6 OA79 21-
OA81 21- 1.5w 4/- ea. 7w 5/- each. Brand newsealed
and boxed In original Sine: 20c/8 to
AD161 8/- BSY38 4/8 OC41 OA85 21- cartons 200kc/8 Square:
bands. on 4
AD162 8/- BSY39 4/8 OC42 OA90 2/8 Please add VM76. VALVE VOLTMETER 20c/8
ADT140 BSY51 7/9
15/- BSY62 8/9 OC45
OC44 OA91
OA95 21- 2/6 postage R.F. measurements in excess of Outputto Imped-
30kc/8.
lOOMc/s and d.c. measure- ance
200/250V ohms,
5,000 a.c.
"SEW" CLEAR PLASTIC METERS ments up to 1,000V with Supplied brand ,
First
S.A.E.grade quality Moving
for illustrated leaflet.CoilDiscounts
panel meters available Available
for quantity. ex-stock. accuracy of ±2%. D.c. range new and guaran-
as follows: Type MR 38P, lf| in. square fronts. 300mV to IkV. A.c. range teed with instruc-
100-0-100/iA 32/6 200mA 25/- I00V d.c. 26/- 300mV to 300V RMS. Resis- tion manual and leads, £15. Carr. 7/6.
600-0-500/iA 25/- 300mA 25/- 150V d.c. 25/- tance 0.02-500MQ. Price £72.
1-0-lraA ... 261- 600mA 25/- 300V d.c. 26/- VM78. A.C. MILLIVOLT METER RECORDING HEADS
1mA
2mA 25/- 780mA .
25/- 25/- 600V d.c. 25/- Transistorised. ImV to 300V.
6mA . 25/- lAd.c.
2A d.c. .
. 25/- 750V d.c. 25/- Frequency Ic/s to IMc/s. Renter i-track. As fitted to Cbllaro Mk. IV
10mA . 25/- 15V
25/- 5A d.c. . . 25/- 50V a.c. . 26/- a.c. . 25/- Price £55. and Studio Decks.
back, low imp, HighBrand
erase. imp. record
new. play
19/0
50^iA .. 87/8 20mA 25/- 3V d.c. . , 26/- 150V a.c. 85/- VM79. UHF MILLIVOLT METER pair. MDHFLUX |-track record 12/6.
100/iA 85/- 50mA 25'- 10V d.c. 25/- 300V a.c. 25/- Transistorised A.c. range lOmV COSUOCOBD i track heads. High imp.
200/iA 82/8
500MA 27/6 100mA
150mA
25/- 20V d.c.
25/- 50V d.c.
26/- 500V a.c.
25/- S'forMeter 1mA 29/626/- to 3V. D.c. current range 0.01
/i/A to 0.3mA. Resistance 1 ohm
record/playback
MARRIOTT } track65/-. Low
heads.Imp.High
erase 20/-.
imp.
50-0-50/xA ... 85/- POST EXTRA. Larger sizes available—send lists. to 10 megohms. £125. record/playback 65/-. Low imp. erase 20/-.
HIB. AUDIO SIGNAL GENERATOR Post extra.
TE-20RF SIGNAL GENERATOR LAFAYETTE TE46 RESISTANCE 15c/s to 50kc/s, sine or square
Accurate wide range signaling generator
120KC/8 cover-
- 260 CAPACITY ANALYSER wave. Price £30.
Mc/s on 6 hands. 2 ohms-200 2pF-2,000 mid JIB. AUDIO SIGNAL GENERATOR
1| brated.
Directly Variable cali- megohms. Also O 15c/s to 50kc/s. Price £30. G. W. SMITH
R.F. attenuator. checks Impe- J22B. AUDIO SIGNAL GENERATOR & CO. (RADIO) LTD.
Operation 200 / dance, turns 6 As per JIB except fitted with
240V a.c. ratio, insula-
tion, 200/250V output meter. £35. 3-34 Lisle St., W.C.Z
Brand new with TTIS. TRANSISTOR TESTER
Instructions. a.c. £37.10.0. Also see oppos. psge
7/6. S-A.E. for details. flS.O.O. P. & P. Brana Kew 217,10.0.
Cdrr. 7/6. Carriage 10/- per item.
252
 MULTIMETERS fo NEW CATALOGUE
LAFAYETTE DE-LUXE 100 KQ/TOLT TB-900 20,MOO Nearly 200 pages giving tult
"LAB 6|fn.TESTEE" VOLT PL IT details of a comprehensive range
Giant scale. MULTIMETER of COMPONENTS, TEST
Built-in raeter pro- 61n. full view meter. 2 EQUIPMENT, COMMUNICA-
tection. 0/"5/2-6/10/50/ colour scale, overload TIQN EQUIPMENT AND HI-FI
1 250/500/1.000V d.c. protection, 0/2-5/10/ EQUIPMENT.
0/1,000V
/ 8/10 / 50 / 250/500 260/1
lOO/zA fid a.c.I 100 /0/10/
500 01 251(000/5,000v
12-5 / 10 150/a.c. Each section greatly enlarged and
fully illustrated. Thouiandi of
MA / 2-6 / 10A. 0/ IK-/ 250 0/ /1,000
d.c. 60jiA/ I6,000V
110 / items many at bargain prices.
10M Q .—10 to 49-4dB10K / 100KP. /& 10M
£18.18.0. P. 6/-./ 100 / 600mA 10A
d.c. 20K / 200K / 20
FREE DISCOUNT COUPONS
VALUE 10/-.
LAFAYETTE
87 Range Super MQ. £15. P. & P. 5/-.
50,000 O.P.V. MODEL AS-100D. SeNP NOW- 0NLY7'6 PtPf-
Multimeter. D.c. 100KQ/VOLT.
mirror scale. Built- Sin.,
Volts 125 V-1,000V in meter protection.
A.c. Volts
1,000V D c. Current1-5V- 0300/ 3// 600
12 / 60/ /i,2aov
120 /
25/iA-10
Ohms. 0-25Amp. MegQ d.c. 0/6/30/120/300/ UNR-30. 4-BAN0
dB.—20 600V a.c. O/lOoA/ *3' COMMUNICATION RECEIVER
OverloadtoProtection.
-f-81dB. £12.10.0. Carr. 3/6. 6/6O/30OMA/12 Amp.
0/2 K / 200K / 2M / Covering 550Kc/8—30Mc/b. Incorporates BFO.
KEW
O.P.V.MODEL with 500.30.000
overload 200M Q. —20 to Built in speaker and phone Jack. Metal cabinet.
protection. Mirror scale. P.+ 17dB. A P. 3 6.
£12.10.0. Operation 220/240y. a.c. Supplied brand new
0 / 0-5 / 2-5/10 / 25/100/
250 / 500 / 1.000V d.c. PROFESSIONAL 20,000 O.P.V. I guaranteed with instructions. Carr. 7/6. | 0 Q
0 / 2-5 / 10/ /1,000V
25 / 100a.c,/ LAB, TESTER TRIO COMMUNICATION RECEIVER MODEL 9R-59DE
250 / 500 Automatic
overload pro- 4 band receiver covering 650Kc/8 to 30Mc/«.
0/50mA 15 / 50 / 500mA. tection, mir' continuous and electrical band spread on
12 amp. d.c. 0/60/K6. ror scale. 10, 15, 20, 40 and 80 metres. 8 valve plus
Meg./60megohm £8.17.6. Ranges: 1/10/ 7phone
diodejackcircuit.
MODEL TE-60 50,000
Post paid.
1,000 and a.c.50/250/ 600/ SSB-CW4/8# ohm
ANL output and
• Variable
O.P.V. MIRROR
OVERLOAD PROTECTION SCALE 10mA, volts,
250niA.d.c.Current: 0/20K,0-500/iA,
200K. BFO • S meter # Sep. band spread dial
• IF 445Kc/s # Audio output 1-5W. #
0/3/12/60/300/600 / 3,2()0V 2 megohm. Decibels: —20 to +22dBt Variable RF and AF gain controls.
d.c. 0/6/30/120/300/1,200V £5.19.6. P. A P. 2/6. 1I5/250V. a.c. Mains. Beautifully designed. ISSl
<hc. 0-03/6/60/600MA d.c. MODEL TE-70. 30.000 Size: 7 x 15 x lOin. With instruction
16kQ / l60kQ/l-6/16MQ. O.P.V. 0/3/16/60/300/ manual and service data. £39,15.0.
600/1,200V. Carr. Paid.
—20 to 4-63dB.
r. & t. a/-. £7.10.0. so / ioo i eoo d.c. 0/6/
/ i.qoov.
MODEL TE12. 20,000 a.c. 0/30fiA
0/16K/160K//
/ 3/30
O.P.V. 0/0-6/30/120/600/ 300mA. 1-6M / lemegohm. ©
1,200 / 3,000 / 6,000V d.c. £5.10.0. P. A P. 3/-. NEW LAFAYETTE SOLID
l/6/30/l20/600/l,200V a.c. STATE HA600 RECEIVER
0 / 60/iA / 6 / 60 / 600MA. MODEL TE-10A. 20k Q/
0 / 6K / 600K / 6meg./60. Volt,
V. d.c.6/25/60/250/600/2,600
10 / 50 / 100 / 600 / 6 BAND AM/CW/SSB AMATEUR AND
Megohm 50PF. 2 MFD SHORT WAVE, 150KC/8 TO 400KC/S
£5.19.6. P. & P. 3/6. l.OOOV. a.c. 0/60mA/2-5 AND 550KC/S TO 80MC/8.
MODEL TE 80. 20,000 mA./250mA. d.c. 0/6K/6 F.E.T. front end • 2 mechanical filters #
O.P.V. megohm. mfd.
10-0,100 —20 tto0 0-100-0
•f22dE.1 Huge dial % Product detector 0 Variable
01,000V.
/ 10 / 50a.c./ 100 / 600 /
0/5/25/60/ mfd. 69/6. PAP. 2/6. BFO # Noise limiter # S Meter • 24iin.
250 / 500 / l.OOOV d.c. MODEL ZQM TRANSISTOR CHECKER Bandspread
earth • #230V
operation RF a.c./12V d.c, neg.
gain control. Size
0-6 AiA. 51501500mA
0/6K/60/K/600K/6 Meg.I Itchecking
has the fullest
A, Bcapacity for 15in x 9|ln x Siin. Wt. 18 lb.
£4.17.6. P. & P. 3/-. MODEL PT-S4. checking Equally onadaptable and Ico.
for EXCEPTIONAL VALUE £45. Carr. 10/—. 8.A.E. for full details,
1,000 O.P.V.0/10/ A: 0-7-0-9967. diodes,etc.Spec
B;5-200. LAFAYETTE PF-60 SOLID STATE VHF FM RECEIVER
50 / 250 / 500 / 0-5mA. Ico: 0-50Resistancemicronmps - A152-174Mc/8.
completely new transistorised receivercontrolled
covering
1,000V a.c. and
d.c. d.c.
0/1/100/500 diode 200Q-1MQ.
for , (not supplied)Fully
for tunable or crystal
fixed frequency operation.
:e; mA 0/100 Supplied complete with Incorporates
Built In speaker4 and
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS.
illuminated dial. Squelch
K O 39/8. P. & P. Instructions, battery and and volume controls. Tape recorder output.
1/6. leads. £5.19.8. P.AP. 2/6. 750 aerial input. Headphone jack. Operation
NEW STAR SR-200 SSB AMATEUR RECEIVER 2:iOV a.c./12V d.c. Neg. earth. £87.10.0. Carr. 10/-
An exciting new receiver covering 6 amateur hands LAFAYETTE LA-224T TRANSISTOR STEREO AMPLIFIER
160/80/40/20/15/10 metres. Illuminated elide rule 19
dial. S meter. Crystal calibrator. Product detector. SOWtransistors, 8 diodes,
at 80. Response 1HF music
30-20,000 ±2dB atpower,
1W
Automatic noise limiter. RF tuning and gain Distortion3-16
Output 1%Q.or less. Inputs
Separate L. 3mV
and and
R. 250mV.
volume
controls. Speaker or phone outputs. 8 valves, controls. Treble and baas control. Stereo
2 transistors, 2 diodes. 220/240V a.c. Supplied phone jack. Brushed aluminium, gold anodUed
brand new and guaranteed. £40.0.0. Carr. 10/-. extruded
case. Sizefront
10i panel with xcomplimentary
x 3-i\ metal
7«in. Operation
R209 MK. II COMMUNICATION 115/230V. A.V. £28, Carr. 7/6.
TO-2 PORTABLE RECEIVER
OSCILLOSCOPE
A general purpose low GARRARD
cost economy oscillo-
Y2scope
CPS-i
for everyday
amp. MHZ. Bandwidth use.
Input FULL CURRENT RANGE sepm Mono .6.10,0
OFFERED, BRAND NEW SRP22 stereo £8,i9.»
imp. S megn 25 P.P. & J*
Illuminated AND GUARANTEED AT S"10 ■■ fHS'S
tube. 115 scale. x 180 Sinx 11 valve high grade communication re- FANTASTIC SAVINGS ^ IwS: ^Vi
230mm. Weight 81b. ceiver suitable for tropical use. l-20Mc/8 on •2025T/C Stereo
Mono/Stereo £8.17.8
220/240V
brand newa.c.withSupplied hand- 4 bauds. AM/UW/FM operation. Incorpor- •3000 .. £9.19.6
book £22,10.0. Carr. 10/-. ates precision vernier driver, BFO. Aerial •3P25 MKII .. £11,19.6
trimmer, internal speaker and 12V d.c. _ . , •SL55
A70 MKI1 £11.19.6
internal power supply. Supplied in AT60 MKI1 £12.10.0
TE1I1. excellent condition, fully tested and **SL65 •• £18.10.0
.. £14.14.0
DECADE checked. £15. Carr. 20/-. AP76
RESISTANCE
ATTENUATOR TJao 401 ..£19. 0.0
£28. 7.8
Variable HIGH SENSITIVITY SL75 .. £29. 0.0
0-llldB. rangeCon- A.C. VOLTMETER Carriage/Insurance
SL95
7/6 extra any model. WB4 bases £3.19.6. Perspex cover £3.10.0.
£85. o.O
nections. Un- 10 meg. input 10 ranges:
x 10) ■301/ 10
balanced Carr. extra.
600OrangeT "and (0-ldBBridgex 30) T.+ (IdBImpedance / -003 / -1 / -3 / 1 / ♦Special offer base and cover available for those models at £4.15.0. Carr. 6/-.
+10 + 20 + 30 + 40dB. Frequency: R.M.S./ 30 4c/8.-1.2Mc/s. / 100 / 300V. Full range of Garrard accessories available.
d.c. to 200kHz (—3dB). Accuracy:
0-05dB. +indication dB x 0-01. Maxi- Supplied brand Decibels—40 to +60dB.
mum input lees than 4W (50V). Built in complete with leads new and E.M.I. SINGLE PLAYERS FIELD TELEPHONES TYPE L
Generator ringing, metal cases. Operates
6000 load resistance with internal/ instructions. Operation. 4 speed with separate arm and cartridge from two 1-5t. batteries (not supplied).
external switeh. Brand new £27.10.0. 230V a.c. £17.10,0. Excellent condition. £4.10.0. per pair.
P. & P. 6/-. Carr. 5/«. 8. Carr.; Carr. 10/-.
/'/Ayyy''
OPEN
(RADIO) LIMITED 9 a.m.
Phone GERHARD 8204 9155 6 p.m. every 1
Cables SMITHEX LE5QJARE day Mon. to f
Sat. Trade |
3-34 LISLE STREET. LONDON, WC? supplied.
253
 I rodedfo"^deV'CeS

7 '17 « .

Mullard Mullard Limited, Distributor Sales Division, Mullard House,Torrington Place, London WC1.
CED72
254
 VOL 5 No 4 PRACTICAL

w « ELECTRONICS

BROWSERS AND BEGINNERS THIS MONTH

Not all readers of this magazine are doers. Many are
armchair constructors—though, let us hasten to add,
they are just as welcome as the most zealous manipulators
of soldering irons and pliers. That they do at anyrate read CONSTRUCTIONAL PROIECTS
about electronics is a distinct mark in their favour! But we MICROPHONE MIXER 259
always try to coax the browsers from their armchairs into
productive activity. PHASE SPLITTER-
FREQUENCY DOUBLER 267
The varied range of projects described in these pages
provide a strong incentive for action. At one stage or POCKET RADIATION
another some of our passive readers become enthused by MONITOR 270
the possibilities of certain projects and the plunge is taken.
But others still hesitate on the brink, as enquiries we receive ELECTRONIC MIME
concerning the possibility of purchasing made-up projects MOBILE ANIMAL—EMMA 275
testify.
INTERRUPTED SCREENWIPER
Knowledge and practical skill are not obtained without CONTROL 281
effort. As with all specialised interests, electronics
demands study of fundamentals and then practice.
Articles aimed atbelping the beginner in the first steps of SPECIAL SERIES
constructional work appear frequently in these pages. BIONICS—6 294
This month we are giving extra special attention to the
needs of beginners—whether they be new readers or chair-
bound regulars. The Constructors Guide included as a
supplement in this issue should dispel any remaining GENERAL FEATURES
qualms in the mind of the most hesitant reader. This
guide will familiarise him with the principal features of THEORY INTO PRACTICE 256
components and enable him to translate the theoretical
circuit diagram into a practical model. The most popular LOUDSPEAKERS 286
methods of construction are described; the tools and
materials required and the techniques employed are
concisely but clearly explained. NEWS AND COMMENT
Having digested this basic information, the first steps in EDITORIAL 255
construction can be taken with confidence. Obviously
simple projects should be tackled at the start, but with NEWS BRIEFS 258, 291, 305
regular practice skills will be acquired and increased ELECTRONORAMA 284
familiarity with components gained. A whole range of
exciting projects will then come within reach. MARKET PLACE 292
But even when a state of high proficiency is reached, there SPACEWATCH 306
will always be something new to read about: new compo- READOUT
nents and new circuit techniques are constantly being 309
evolved. Things are always happening—that's one reason
u** subject
the greatisfascination
only partofofelectronics. Just reading
the story however; about
making
practical use of these new developments is even more CONSTRUCTORS GUIDE
rewarding.
Our May issue will be published on
F. E. Bennett—Editor Monday, April 14

u™S?haX ton Sttfe?

C nt
Ho
London, W.C.2. Phone: 01-836 4363. Advertisement Offices: PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS, ELECTRONICS, IPG Magazines
IPG Magazines Ltd., 15/17 Ltd.,
LongTower
Awe'
Zi e Ltd 196 in
graphs and articles published ffi^IlACTI^ALETEGTRONIC^is'sp^alh- reservedthTOulh ^ th '' Y a" drawings, photo-
n rnd the U-S'A- Reproductions or imitations of any oHhle arS CO,mtrieS
signatory to the Berne Conven-

255
 ■
1 1

JPi INTO
**1 ! _J
Transistor circuits lend themselves readily to several
simple forms of layout and construction, due to the facilities
of direct transistor connection without the need for piug-in
holders. Some of these methods are briefly outlined in this
month's extra supplement Constructors' Guide in the centre
of this issue.
The following article shows just how easy it is to make a
constructional layout when given a circuit diagram only. It
is based on a three-transistor class A amplifier, which does
not boast a hi fi specification, but can be useful as a monitor
in sound recording or as a booster for crystal tuners or
pick-ups.

One of the problems faced by the amateur con- SQUARED PAPER LAYOUT
structor, using laminated plastics and copper When preparing the layout of the circuit on the board,
wiring boards, is the translation of a theoretical circuit take a piece of square paper, and mark it out as near as
to a practical layout. possible according to the circuit layout in the theoretical
This can be done quite easily by using a piece of diagram. Take as an example for this exercise a simple
squared paper to represent the hole matrix of the board. general purpose linear amplifier (see Fig. 1).
The horizontal rows of holes, those which lie along the Make a start with the transformer and, after taking a
length of the copper strips, are given a letter A-Z, and measurement of its size and finding the number of holes
the vertical rows are given a number 7-26 or more. required, place this at the top right hand corner of the
These letters and numbers give a set of co-ordinates paper. Position it so that the secondary winding is
to work from. The size of the board to be used is nearest to the right hand end (Fig. 2). Two rows of
determined after a rough layout has been dravyn on the holes are left clear of the transformer for the connection
squared paper, showing the physical size of the com- wires to the loudspeaker. The holes required are
ponents that are under consideration. marked on the paper with large dots, for example, 17B
If space is not a major consideration, the components ana 17D (secondary), 13B and 13D (primary). Enter
can be layed out flat on the board; for a more compact these references down in a table with the component
layout the resistors and capacitors can be stood up on reference number by the side of it. The copper strips
end as shown in the example. If components are laid are cut at 15B and 15D so that primary and secondary
flat on the board, one has to determine the amount of windings are not shorted.
space to be occupied, governed mainly by component The components can be drawn on the squared paper
length. in block form and marked with reference numbers. The
To give an example for guidance, a i watt resistor values can be placed on the position chart if required.
occupies a minimum length of five holes on a matrix The next components to be located will be TR3. The
pitch of 0-1 Sin. collector is marked out for the hole 12D, the base at
Fig. I. Theoretical circuit. This ex- 5a WB 125 35
ample is a class A amplifier. Junction 175 195
positions for the component board ore c
shown R2 R4 PRlo SEC LSI
S-ZkA 5'6kn
13£ 17D WD 5^
3c 5c 010^
i2DQ
be
R1 !2c TR3
120 kil OA£ OCQ NKT 271
Cr . TR1 Ebur OR 0C81 BY1
4F TR2
IF 1 NKT 214 NKT 214
© / OR 0C71 OR 0C71
I MG
25uF
BG
Zri 13(?6 i5G
\H 9G \\F
59 k II R6
VR1 ioon 50uF
lOkfl 1kl) 50J1F
13/ % 19/
256
 a
a

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
BY1-

'it- -is
0R4

rR2
O 11tfS ■ il
TR3
Ifrf-Mf 'b
TR
x— ii
0R5 0 0 0
IS —e BY14-

Fig. 2. Use squared paper to draw plan of component layout based on

layout of circuit. External components VRI, LSI, and BYI are connected by
INPUT VR1 flying leads to the board. Collector is wire nearest spot; base Is centre wire
on all transistors
J2E and emitter 12G. Next, R6 is marked at 13G and
131. Following the general form of the theoretical
COMPONENTS circuit, C4 will be next and is connected to the emitter
via hole 15G and 151.
Resistor R3 is also connected to the emitter of TR3
Resistors and the base of TR2. Its position is marked on the
Rl I20kn (3E~3F) R4 S-6kn (I0B-I0E) paper at holes 11G and 11F. Mark in the conductor
R2 8-2kn (5B-5E) R5 IkQ (7G-7/) strips that are required by drawing parallel lines on the
R3 39kn (//F-//G) R6 I00a (I3G-I3I) paper for each strip (see Fig. 2) between the points of
entry of the components wires to be joined, e.g. between
Potentiometer 15G and 11G.
VRI lOkfl log (Wiper to IH, Common to II) TR2 base is connected to R3 through hole 8F. The
Capacitors Loudspeaker collector is direct coupled to the base of TR3 through
Cl 25/liF elect. 15V (2F-2H) LSI 3 ohms 8E. The emitter of this transistor is connected through
C2 25pF elect. 15V (6E-6F) (I9B-I9D) 8G to R5 and C3 negative which are inserted at 7G and
C3 50/xF elect. 15V (9G-9I) 9G respectively. The other end of these two com-
C4 SOftF elect. 15V (ISG-ISI) ponents are inserted at 71 and 91 for direct connection to
Transformer the positive supply line. It should be an easy matter to
Tl 9-2:1 output transformer (Radiospares type follow the layout of the first stage now. The rest of the
T/T4) (Primary to /33-13D; Secondary to components are marked out in a similar fashion.
170-170) continued on next page
Transistors
TRI NKT2I4 or OC7I (collector to 4£, base 4F,
emitter 41) • Ife
TR2 NKT2I4 or OC7I (collector to 8E, base 8F,
emitter 8G)
TR3 MKT271 or OC8I (collector to I2D, base I2E,
emitter I2G) *. *
Battery *.
BYI 9 volts (negative to 120, positive to 191) *1. |«r
Component Board « 1- A\ 4
Printed wiring board, can be either Veroboard v ' «V F Ml
(see Fig. 2) or plain s.r.b.p. with Cir-Kit ' -y - *11
copper strip t t 4

257
TRANSFER TO COMPONENT BOARD
When the last component has been drawn the size of
the piece of board can be determined, which in this case NEWS BRIEFS
will be given by the line / and row 19.
Before placing any components on the piece of board
all necessary copper strip breaks must be made. These
must be indicated on the paper with crosses. inflated Dome for Radar Stations
The drilling of holes is best carried out by clamping Several of the long range radar stations provided and
the board on a piece of wood, copper side up; this avoids operated by the National Air Traffic Control Service
tearing the copper foil. Where a copper strip has to be of the Board of Trade are sited on exposed positions and
cut, a ^in drill will do this by putting the point of the are therefore exposed to the most adverse weather con-
drill in the holes and twisting it until the copper is ditions. At the Clee Hill Radar Station this problem
removed. Be careful or the copper strip may be lifted. has been overcome by enveloping the complete aerial
The components are placed in their respective system in a 40ft diameter inflated dome made of hypalon
positions on the plain side of the board and all soldering coated terylene. A blower system designed and developed
is done on the copper side. The finished article should by Premier Precision Ltd., inflates the dome with clean dry
air, the pressure being controlled at 0-1 p.s.i. greater than
look like that in the photograph. With practice quite a the pressure imposed on the outer surface of the dome by
compact layout can be achieved, and if the stand up the wind. Pressure^control instrumentation was supplied
method of fixing is used, a very small layout can be by Thorn Automation and the dome was supplied and
obtained. erected by the Frankenstein Group.
When soldering on this type of wiring board a hot,
clean iron must be used, and done quickly, otherwise Computers for Hospitals
prolonged heat may raise the copper foil from the base The Department of Health and Social Security have
board. ordered six small on-line computers, from Elliot
Transformers, tags and pins or flying leads are either Automation System Ltd., for automating bio-chemical
connected with insulated wire or soldered direct to the analysis in hospitals.
copper strip. If volume controls (potentiometers) are The analysis of bio-chemical samples is carried out by
to be mounted direct on the printed wiring board, a hospital pathology laboratories for diagnostic reasons. By
hole must be carefully drilled in the board to accept the linking mechanical analysers directly to an on-line com-
threaded fixing (fin). The copper strip must be puter, skilled technicians will be relieved of the repetitive
cleared away from the locking nut with a sharp knife to and time consuming clerical work involved in making the
prevent short circuits. The potentiometer tags are manual calculations which are otherwise necessary when
connected to the board by insulated link wires soldered producing data sheets.
to the appropriate copper strips.
Solid State Traffic Controller
60mW AMPLIFIER The first British designed and manufactured solid state
The circuit used in this example is a simple general traffic controller to be installed in the UK is now in
purpose amplifier suitable for coupling to a crystal set operation at the Bishopsgate-Middlesex Street intersection
tuner or gramophone crystal pick-up. In this latter in the City of London. The design is based on a set
application a 100 kilohm resistor should be connected in of interchangeable modules from which a controller
series with the input to VR1 to avoid mismatch to the can be assembled and programmed to cater for any inter-
amplifier. section. The most complex intersections can be controlled
TR1 is a small signal amplifier stage providing by one equipment and additional modules enable the
controller to cope with any increase or change in traffic
sufficient drive for the direct coupled power amplifier. demands.
The bias current for TR1 is derived through R1 to The controller is used in conjunction with an inductive
maintain stable d.c. operating conditions. The bias vehicle detector which uses a loop of cable buried under the
current for TR3 is taken directly through R4, whilst R3 road surface. Two versions of the detector are available—
feeds bias for TR2 from the potential divider formed by presence and passage detectors—both of which are-used in
Tl, TR3 emitter, and R6. With any increase in the City of London installation (see photograph below).
current through TR2, the base-emitter voltage of TR3 is The presence detector gives an output to indicate queueing
reduced. This causes less current to flow through vehicles and the passage detector, which is sensitive even to
TR3. Consequently, the voltage across R6 is reduced, bicycles, is arranged to ignore parked vehicles.
causing a simultaneous reduction in supply to TR2 base.
The operating conditions of TR2 and TR3 are heavily
dependent on R3 for stable working without over-
running TR3. The power output fed to a 3 ohm
loudspeaker is about 60mW, which is adequate for
personal listening. F
m

&

m
 o O o O

By F. 0. |UDD
■JTijiT-. W: i-i-

I Sfi
gl %
« ®

«%•
S_:

- -*.
4>

il ^5 %-e- t
*
T Tl T)
1
inn
m JD JU m L -/

IF you make high quality tape recordings that require HIGH LEVEL INPUTS
mixing microphones and high level radio tuner The high level inputs are suitable for the output from
inputs, this five channel audio mixer might be just the other pre-amplifiers,'radio tuners, and tape recorder
companion piece for your tape recorder. high level outputs, that is, signals from audio outputs of
Designed around two of the amplifier circuits that between 600 ohms (line) and up to 500 kilohms at
appealed in last month's article Modern Audio Circuits, between 100 to 500mV. Adjustment can be made so
this mixer has the added advantage that the constructor that the input signals to both the microphone and high
need not be limited to the two microphones and three level inputs can be increased without introducing
high level signal inputs provided in the prototype as the distortion.
amplifier circuits can be duplicated so providing more
channels if required. NOT FOR CRYSTAL MICROPHONES
While the microphone pre-amplifiers have sufficient
LOW Z MICROPHONES gain for use with crystal microphones, the input
The mixer can be constructed to cater for low impedance of 120 kilohms would considerably reduce
impedance microphones such as ribbon or moving coil the bass response. This follows from the fact that
types where the microphone transformers are built-in. crystal microphones have a high source impedance and
Otherwise the microphone inputs have a nominal also high internal capacitance.
impedance of 120 kilohms which is suitable for low Although the high level inputs have an impedance of
impedance microphones having their own matching 500 kilohms, .these are equally unsuitable as a high
transformers to provide a medium to high output signal voltage is required which the crystal microphone
impedance. does not produce.

SPECIFICATION...
Sensitivity at mic inputs Line (high level) input impedance—500 kilohms
3mV-l0mV max. for I volt r.m.s. output Output impedance—Nominal 600 ohms
Sensitivity at line (high level) inputs Signal to noise ratio
200mV-500mV max. for 1 volt r.m.s. output Mic inputs—60dB below I volt at output
Distortion for these inputs—Mic: Less than 0-75% Line input—66dB below I volt at output
Line; Less than 0-15% Frequency response—Mic: 40Hz to 15kHz ± 2dB
Microphone input impedance (without trans- Line: 30Hz to 20kHz ± 2dB
formers)—120 kilohms Total current consumption—12mA

259
 BOARD 1 BOARD 2
r"

R6 < R14
R4 1-8kft< R12 1-8kfl
IZkft 12ku
w* i-AAA- 04 —Vs^ CIO
120k ft < IjiF IJIF
i. TR2 —x— I TR4
BC108A
IOOPF"1" BC108*"1 ^ lOOpF
TR1 TR3 I
SKI 1
01 BC108A
BOIV'A BC108 A
SK2 , C6 BC108A 0
MIOI I0-47))F MIC 2 '0-47jiF
, IrrHH-W
T~Sr
R7 07 R15
iOOpF 4703. IOOJIF 470a

w W
IOOuF R13 IOOuF
SOkA ISOkft
R2 R11 R16
4-7kn iooa 1-2kn 100ft I'Ekft

Fig. I. Circuit diagram of mixer unit. Amplifier sub-assemblies are contained within the dashed lines

CIRCUIT DETAILS POWER SUPPLIES

The basic amplifier given in Fig. 1 consists of TR1 The mixer operates from an 18V supply, consisting of
and TR2 microphone 1 pre-amplifier; TR3 and TR4 two 9V batteries in series, at a total current consumption
microphone 2 pre-amplifier, and TR5 and TR6 the of 12mA. It would undoubtedly operate quite
mixing amplifier. efficiently from a mains power unit, but this could lead
Common to all of the stages is the use of d.c. feedback to problems with mains hum pick-up by the microphone
loops to achieve stabilisation against temperature transformers if these are built into the mixer.
variations. In view of the fairly low current consumption and the
The gain of each microphone pre-amplifier is fixed at fact that a mixer is rarely run for so long and so fre-
approximately 40dB for a distortion level of less than quently as most other kinds of audio equipment, it
0-75 per cent. The gain of the mixing amplifier is would hardly be worthwhile providing it with a.mains
adjustable between approximately 13 and 30dB but, for supply.
the overall performance as per the specification, is Battery operation has the advantage of making the
adjusted to around 15dB. This more than compensates mixer completely portable and quite independent of
for the insertion losses of the passive network of mixing mains supplies.
amplifier input potentiometers and associated series
resistors.
A nominal 600 ohm output allows for a long
screened connecting lead to a tape recorder without loss
of treble response and will provide more than sufficient
signal for tape recorder line or high level inputs at
impedances between 600 ohms and 500 kilohms or
greater.
FEEDBACK CONTROL
The pre-set control VR6 in the emitter circuit of TR5
controls the amount of feedback between the collector
of TR6 and the emitter of TR5 and therefore the overall
gain of this stage. With VR6 at maximum resistance
the gain will be at a minimum but the circuit will accept
much larger input signals. At the same time the gain
from the microphone pre-amplifiers will be decreased
but they will also accept larger input signals.
It follows that the microphone inputs could therefore
be used for electric guitar pick-ups with a medium
impedance but fairly high signal output, say 50mV or so.
For this application VR6 must be pre-set to its
maximum value of 10 kilohms. Otherwise VR6 is
adjusted as described later, to provide the performance
given in the specification.

260
 BOARD 3
f—Vv*
R19 51«
C11 220n R28
1000uF R26 i-8kn
12kQ
R23 —w Clfi
120kll
!
ci4:J. TR6 Ul
100pFrr BC108A ;
TR5 iir
02 B 0108 A R31
0'33uF 580n BY2

2
K17 R18 470 013 R29
R20 R21 100 uF 47011
470 470 470 470
I
W C15 OUTPUT
R27
R25 i50Wl
VR2 VR3 VR4 100A 100^ F
>VR1 >5500 kn sookn 2^500 kil SVR5 R24 R30
sooka V-o 500kil 4-7kn 1-2kn
VR6 lOkfl.
SK4 5K5
LINE LINE 2 L NE 3
d

COMPONENTS...

Resistors Transistors
Rl l20k£J RI7 470k n TRI-6 BCI08A (6 off)—LST Components,
R2 4-7ka RI8 470kn 7 Coptfold Road,
R3 I00£i RI9 220 n Brentwood,
R4 I2kn R20 470k n Essex.
R5 ISOkO R2I 470ka
R6 l-8kn R22 470k£2
R7 470£2 R23 I20kf2 Potentiometers
R8 l-2kn R24 4-7ka VRI-5 500k carbon log. (5 off)
R9 l20kQ R25 iooa VR6 10k carbon I in preset—Electroniques type
RIO 4-7ka R26 I2kn MFC
ri i loon R27 isoka
RI2 12kn R28 l-8kn
R13 ISOka R29 470 a Sockets
RI4 I-8kn R30 l-2ka SKI-6 Standard type jack sockets (6 off)
RI5 4700 RSI 680 a
RI6 l-2kn Switch
All 5- watt + 10% carbon SI Double pole on/off switch
Capacitors
Cl 0-47ftF tubular paper Batteries
C2 100/iF elect. 25V BY I. BY2 Ever Ready PP9, 9 volts
C3 lOOpF silvered mica
C4 IfiF elect. 25V
C5 100/iF elect, 25V Miscellaneous
C6 0'47/iF tubular paper Aluminium case—Electroniques type, series 222
C7 lOO^F elect. 25V
C8 lOOpF silvered mica Calibrated control knobs—Electroniques type NK2
C9 lOO^F elect. 25V
CIO I^F elect. 25V Perforated s.r.b.p. (0-ISin matrix) S^in x 2^1 n
Cll I.OOOfiF elect. 25V (3 off)
CI2 0-33fiF tubular paper Microphone transformers (if used)—Electroniques/
CI3 lOO^F elect. 2SV Parmeko type 2549 for 25 ohm microphones, or
CI4 lOOpF silvered mica type 2570 for 100-600 ohm microphones
CIS lOOpF elect. 25V
CI6 I/xF elect. 25V P.V.C. covered wire. Battery connectors (4 off)

261
 CIRCUIT BOARD WIRING

9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 20 19 8 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
oooooooooocoooco o o o o (BOARD 2) o o o o D__O ooooooooooooo
o o • o o o o o o
'
Iiiiiiii!;1iina

TR1
TR2
ilBl •
C5 =
R8
•—tnn r
R5 a =

o o o o V
<§> ©
o o o o o o o o ooooooooooooooooo
019 (BOARD 3)
Fig. 2. Component layout and wiring for Board I, comprising the pre-amplifier for Microphone I

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 (BOARD 1) 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 15 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
VR2 CIO oooooooooo o o o fOOOj^OOOOOOOOOOy o o o o o
o o 019 CO o •
R14 (BOARD 3)\ o o
o
0 0
\
o x •—T • / o
1 TO
M =
R12
R15 •-cub-*
R3 R10 SK2 2
R16
F5 •—fllil—•
© 7 .o o (BOARD 3) q O O O O
©// O O O O O O P ooooooooooooooooooooo

Fig. 3. Component layout and wiring for Board 2, comprising the pre-dmpfifter for Microphone 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
O O O O O O O oooooooo o • AT3* oioloooooooo* o o o o o o o
O Die
R25 riR23
-s R19 o A21 B O
o •—am—* C (BOARD 2) c-g
VR6 R28 D
C11
rR6 C16
13 - R26 o
R29 •1- = '
+=
C12 R24 7 c -
R27 R30 15 =
CHASSIS
N (BOARD 1)
SOLDER TAG
•*o O) QD
o o o o o o ooooooooooooooooooo
N2f (BOARD 2)
fig. 4. Component layout and wiring for Board 3, comprising the mixing amplifier
262
 CONSTRUCTION panel of the case should be drilled as shown in Fig. 6.
Each amplifier stage is assembled on a piece of When this is done, the input potentiometers, jack
perforated s.r.b.p. board measuring S^in x 2^1 n. sockets and supply switch SI can be attached.
The holes in these boards are on a 0-15in matrix. Attachment of boards and brackets and other chassis
Assembly details of these amplifiers is given in mounted components can now be done as shown in
Figs. 2, 3, and 4. Fig. 7.
Space limitation in the aluminium case demand a Fig. 8 gives the wiring layout to complete the con-
vertical mounting of the component boards. Details struction of the mixer.
for making the angle brackets for this purpose are given
in Fig. 5b. Fig. 5a gives details for making the battery MICROPHONE TRANSFORMERS
retaining bracket. Before mounting these the front Space for two microphone transformers is shown by
the dotted outline in Fig. 7. The transformers can be
mounted one above the other on a single fixing bracket.
It should be noted that if the frequency response from
the microphone inputs is to be maintained as per the
BEND UP AT specification, the specified transformers should be used.
RISHT ANSLES Inferior microphone transformers will result in poor
SEND UP AT performance.
RISHT ANSLES
BEND DOWN AT -ztf-
RIGHT ANGLES -BEND UP AT RIGHT ANGLES
5 -^VOIA." T Vg QIAXfo- 5
/e /r
M
Fig. 5. Retaining bracket for (a) the batteries; (b) the three boards

l h-'"- -iV -13/4- -13/4"- -1/4

V ALL HOLES V OIA.

VR1 -0- if €>

VR2 VR3 VR4 VR5 u
I
ON/OFF
SWITCH
T
5TT E -© -e -45
/s MIC.1 MIC.2 LINE 1 LINE 2 LINE !
- /. L
* 9 /8
Fig. 6. Front panel drilling details for chassis
OUTPUT
.Ipd-DV BATTERY "j f7p9-9V BATTERY
SK6
II h
II II
II P
II
T^-r
JL , , X />
<,->N r® I-- T3/,
© j
3/
li 8 "3/4
©
A
\ BOARD 1 BOARD S
V \
\
\ ^<4 © ©
BOARD 2
A
POSITION FOR MIC.
TRANSFORMERS IF USED. 17a
MOUNTED ONE ABOVE
THE OTHER
FRONT PANEL
Fig. 7. Layout of components and board sub-assemblies connected to chassis base and rear panel

263
 SK6

R31
BY 2

® BOARD 1 ® M/T2i019 I ^ BOARDS ©

/D21 A17 D/oN 21o^ D19 ' L7\ 11

® BOARD 2 r\ i \j
A2iy 1 NEI
K21

5K1 SK2 SK3 5K4 SK5

Rl7 R18 R21

VR1 VR2 VR3 VR4 VR5

Fig, 8. Wiring of microphone mixer unit

I
.-J - LI 1NPU1rs
i!r \ti"0R
o iV VrW TR3 \ J
j. CT o o
o
o I ■"-MIC INPUT S
1
SN

o
q^n o

20 50 100 200
500 1kHz 2kHz 5kHz 10kHz 20kHz
(Oj FREQUENCY-Hz
Fig. 10. Frequency response for microphone and line
inputs
o ft TR3 PERFORMANCE CHECKS
CT o Frequency response and gain, checks, etc. should be
o
o carried out with an audio signal generator and valve
o
o voltmeter.
With approximately 200mV of sine wave signal fed
into either of the line inputs and with the gain control
set to maximum, adjust the feedback control VR6
///J/// until the signal level at the output is approximately
(£>)
1 volt r.m.s.
With this setting a 2 to 3mV signal fed into the micro-
phone inputs should similarly produce this output of
Fig. 9. Microphone transformer, connections for (a) 1 volt.
balanced input; (b) unbalanced input The overall frequency response for these input and
output signal settings is shown in Fig. 10.
The Electroniques type P.2549 is a 40:1 ratio trans- If no test instruments are available YR6 must be
former for 25 to 30 ohm microphones. The type pre-set by trial.
P.2570 is suitable for 400 to 600 ohm microphones and To perform as in the specification, around 2 kilohms
has a ratio of 10 ; 1. of VR6 will need to be in circuit.
Connections for balanced or unbalanced inputs with With all the preset resistance in circuit giving
these transformers are shown in Fig. 9. Balanced maximum negative feedback, the input signals to the
inputs will require three way, sleeve ring and tip, jack high level sockets can be increased to around 1 volt and
sockets. that to the microphone inputs around 50mV.
264
 K. J. ENTERPRISES

BRITAIN'S PREMIER MAIL-ORDER AUDIO SPECIALISTS

Immediate despatch on Advertised Lines.
Send Cash with Order.
DISCOUNT BARGAINS * VAST STOCKS OF TAPE & EQUIPMENT * REFUND GUARANTEE.

ILFORD -ZONAL TAPE

BRANDED TAPES
20^ OFFI
40% OFF!
BASF-EMI-GRUNDIG
NEW KJ SPECTACULAR r~
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STANDARD PLAY Price Price DOUBLE PLAY guaranteed and complete with leaders, trailers and stop foil. UKJIOUE
I 5" 6QO' 22/2 18/- 3" 300' Not Scotch Price Price
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Sf 900'VExcepc Agfa 29/5 24/- 3" 400' Scotch only 16/7 13/3 D
7" 1200'J 36/7 29/6 4" 600' 26/- 21/- onn.
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LONG PLAY 4r 900' Agfa. BASF 31/- 25/- 200' on 5" reel Long play P.V.C. 36/1 22/6 50/6 65/-
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onlv 10" 4600'Agfa, only 140/9 112/9 Post and Packing 2/6 Orders over £3 post free
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only 7" 3600'/-only 116/6 93/6
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8i" 2400'(Metal Reel) 84/3 67/6 COMPACT CASSETTES 51/6 PHILIPS 4-TRACK
& \
GRUNDIG TAPE AVAILABLE
ONLY WHERE MARKED WITH C.60 C.90
17/6 14/3
25/- 20/3
| ASTERISK C.I20 33/6 27/- TAPE RECORDER
Postage and packing 2/6. Orders over £3 post free
SAVE £7.15.0!
AMPEX TAPE-SAVE 30% LIST
As
. P"iaI offer of top quality, premium grade, myiar (Polyester) base tape PRICE £48.12.0 prVCE £40.17.0
with Full Leader and Stop Foil. Boxed and Fully guaranteed.
Type Description List Price One Three Six CARRIAGE 10/-
541-12 1150'on Si" reel Long Play 35/- 24/6 71/- 137/-
551-12 1200' on 5" reel Double Play 42/- 29/6 86/- 166/- Superb reproduction, MODEL N4307
551-16 1650' on Si" reel Double Play 55/- 33/6 97/6 189/- beautifully designed,
551-24 2400' on 7" reel Double Play 77/6 49/6 145/6 285/- simple operation.
POST & PACKING 2/6. ORDERS OVER £3 POST FREE.
The N4307
PHILIPS Tape
COMPACT CASSEHES Recorder
incorporates
UP TO HALF PRICE! all the famous
Compact Cassettes with 60 and 90 minutes Philips features.
playing time. Brand New and packed inSPECIFICATION
normal plastic library box. Available at
Ercq. Range 60-i4,OOOHz. Signal to noise 45dB. Wow and Flutter
this exceptional price. 0-25/i. Output Power 2 watts. Inputs Mic. 2mV. Radio/Diode
MC.<0 MC.90 2mV, Gram. lOOmV. Power Supply Mains voltage il0/250V.
I for 10/6 I for M - Dimensions 16?"X 11 rX5|".
Standard pattern to fit 3 for 30/- 3 for 40 6 • Mono recording- and playback at 3f i.p.s. # Takes 7" spools. #. Pro-
Philips, Stella, Elizabethan, 6 for 55/6 6 for 78 . vision for mono playback of two parallel tracks. 9 Monitoring facilities.
12 for 105/. 12 for 150/-ttromPosition indicator.
Dansette, Sanyo, etc. Post end Pecking 216. Orders over £3 Pest Free Mic./Record player.% Tone
# Ext.control.
speaker % Socket#for
socket. direct housed
Stylishly recording
:
-
wooden cabinet. # Complete with microphone, tape and sdoo!.
K. J. ENTERPRISES (Dept ) 17 THE BRIDGE. Our New 100 page illustrated catalogue sent entirely
WEALDSTONE, MIDDLESEX (Opposite Harrow and FREE on request. Britain's most specialised com-
Wgaldstone Station) 01-427 7758, Showroom hours; prehensive range of recording tape. Accessories
9.30a.m -530p.m. Closed Lunch 12.30- 1.30p m. Close and Audio equipment. 20,000 reels of tape always in
1p.m. Saturday. FREE stock with reductions ranging up to 50%

265
 THE DORSET (600mW Output)
T-translstor fully tunable 34.W.-L.W. guperhet portable—
with baby alarm facility. Set of parts. The latest modolioed
and pre-alignment techniquea make thii simple to build RESISTORS
Sizes: 12- x 8* >: 3'
MAINS POWER PACK KIT: 9/6 extra. High stability, carbon film, low noise. Capless construction,
Price £5.5.0 plus 7/6 p. & p. Circuit 2/6 FREE WITH PARTS. molecular termination bonding.
THE ELEGANT SEVEN MK. Ill (350mW output) Dimonsions (mm): Body: ^W; 8x 2-8
iW; 10 x 4-3
T-transistor fully tunable M.W.-L.W. portable. Set Leads: 35mm
ofready
parts. Complete withprinted
all components. Including Prices—per Ohmic value
printedetched and drilled
for foolproof construction.circuit board—back
iW 10%
each
2d
10 off
1/6
25 off
3/3
100 off
10/4
MAINS POWER PACK KIT: 9/6 extra. 11/8
JW 5% 24d 1/9 3/8
Price £4.9.6 pica 7/8 p. & p. Jw 10% 2id 1/9 3/8 11/7
Circuit 2/6 FREE WITH PARTS. iW 5% 2id 2/- 4h 12/10
(10% ranges available in E12 renard series, 5% ranges available in E24
50 WATT AH PLIF1E R A.C. M A1NS 200-250V renard series.)
An extremely reliable general purpose valve amplifier ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS (Milliard). -10% to 4-50%.
—with six electronically mixed inputs. Suitable for Subminiature (all values in ^F)
use with: mics, guitars, grapi, tuner, organs, etc. 4V 8 32 64 125 250 ' 400
Separate bass and treble controls. 6-4V 6-4 25 so 100 200 320
10V 4 16 32 64 125 200
Price 27 gns. pins 20;- p. 4 16V 2-5 10 20 40 80 125
25V 1-6 6-4 12-5 25 so 80
POCKET MULTI-METER 40V 1 4 8 16 32 50
64V 0-64 2-5 5 10 20 32
Size x 2i x l}in. Meter size 2i x IJin. Sensitivity 1000
O.P.V. on both A.C. and D.C. volts. 0-15, 0-160, 0-1000 Price 1/6 i/3 1/2 ■/- 1/1 1/2
D.C. current 0-150mA. Resistance O-lOOkD- Complete POLYESTER CAPACITORS (Mullard)
with test prods, battery and full instructions, 42/6. P. i P. Tubular, 10%, 160V: 0-01, 0-015, 0-022/iF. 7d. 0-033, 0 CH7^F, 8d. 0-068,
S/6. FREEIron
Soldering GIFT for 16/-
value limited periodpurchaser
to every only. 30ofwatt theElectric
Pocket 0-ljiF, 9d. 015/iF, lid. 0-22/iF, I/-. 0-33//F. 1/3. 0-47jiF, 1/6. 0-68/iF.
Multi-Meter. 2/3. l/iF, 2/8.
OUR 12 400V: 1,000, 1,500.2,200. 3,300, 4,700pF,6d. S.SOOpF, 0-01. 0-015, 0 022^F,
PRICE for CYLD0N 4 TRANSISTOR 7d. 0 033/iF, 8d. 0 047/iF, 9d. 0 068, 01/iF, I Id. 0 I5//F. 1/2. 0-22^f,
U.H.F. TUNER. BRAND 1/6. 0-33^F, 2/3. 0-47/iF, 2/8.
12 for 30/' 21/. NEW. COMPLETE WITH Modular, Subminiature, Epoxy encapsulation, Polyester film, P.C. mounting.
Postage
extra 4/6 Postage 4/8 10%, I00V: 0 001, 0 002, 0-005 , 0-01. 0 02//F, 6d, O-OS^F. 8d, 0-l/iF. lOd,
G.E.C. 13 amp surface W. & D. 13 amp ~ CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 0-2^F. I/I, 0-5/iF, 2/-.
mounting switched sockets flush sockets In £2.10.0 4- I/- p.& p. POLYSTYRENE CAPACITORS: 5%, 160V (unencapsulated): 10, 12,
In brown. Listed at 6/6. green. 15, 18,22,27, 33,39,47.56,68,82, 100, 120, 150, 180, 220,270, 330.390.470,
THE CLASSIC 560, 680, 820pF, 5d. 1,000, 1,500, 2,200pFf 6d. 3,300, 4,700, 5,600pFf 7d.
Controls: 6,803, 8,200, lO.ODOpF, 8d. 15.000. 22.000pF. 9d.
equalisationSelector
switchswitch.
(Si andTape speed
7f i.pj.). 1%, 100/ (encapsulated): 100. 120, 150, 180, 220, 270, 330, 390, 470, 500.
Volume. Treble.
■cratch filter and 2Bass.
position2 position
rumble 550, 630, 820pF, 1/3. 1,000, 1,200, 1,500, 1.800, 2,200, 2,700, 3,300, 3,900,
filter. 4,700, 5,000, 5,600, 6,800 , 8,200, 10,000, 12,000, IS.OOOpF, 1/6. 18,000,
22,000, 27,000, 33.000. 39.000pF. 2/-. 0-047, 5,000, 0-056/iF. 2/3. 0 068,
atSpecification:
IKHz. Sensitivities
Tape head: forSmV10 watt (at output
8f l.p.s.). 0-032, O-l/iF, 2/9. 0-12/iF, 3/3. 0-15, O IS^F, 3/9. 0-22/iF. 4/9. 0-27,
0-33/iF, 5/-. 0-39/iF, 6/6. 0-47,0-5^F, 7/6.
Mag. lOOmV.
Aux.: P.U.: 2mV. Tape.'Cer.
Ree. P.V.:
oulpui:80mV.
lOOmV. Radio: lOOmVfor each input
Equalisation
is correct to within ± 2dB (R.I.A.A.) from 20H2 to 20KHz. Tone JACK PLUGS (Screened): Heavily chromed, iin Standard: 2/9 each.
confroi Side-entry: 3/3 each. Standard (Unscreened): 2/3 each.
10 wattrflwe: Basai<1-5%.
output) 13dB at 60Hz. Treble ±<—60dB.
Signal noise: 14dB at 15KHz.A.C. mainsTotal200-250v.
dulorlion: (for
JACK SOCKETS (iin Plug) : With chrome insert, 2/9 each. Available
SizelS}' long, 41* deep, 2}* high. Teak finished case. PfiCG 8 gDS. p. & p. 7/6. with: Break/Break, Make/Break, Break/Make, Make/Make contacts.
The RELIANT IOW SOLID-STATE HIGH QUALITY AMPLIFIER POTENTIOMETERS (Carbon): Long life, low noise, iW at 70oC.
Speciflcationi;
1. Xtal mlc 10mV; Output:2.10Gram/radio
watts R.M.S., 250mV.Output
ToneImpedance:
controls: 3Treble
to 4 ohms.
controlInputs:
range ±20% g iM, ±30%>iM. Body dia., iin. Spindle, (in x iin. 2/3
i(with
12dBtoneat controls
lOKHz; central):
Bass control range i 13dB at 100Hz. Frequtnxcy responseto each. Linear: 100, 250, 500 ohms, etc., per decade to I0M. Logarithmic:
Minus 3dB points are 20Hz and 40KHz. Signal 5k, 10k, 25k, etc., per decade to 5M.
noise ratio: better than —60dB. Transislors: 4 silicon Planar type and 3 Germanium SKELETON PRE-SET POTENTIOMETERS (Carbon): Linear: 100,
type. MainsFor
200-260V; input:
use 220-250V
with Std. a.c.
or L.P.Sizerecords,
of chassis: 10' instruments,
musical x 3J- x 2*. allA.C. Mains,of
makes 250, 500 ohms, etc., per decade to 5M.
pick-ups and mikes. Sepaxate bsae and treble lift control. Two inputs with control Miniature: 0-3W at 703C. ±20% giM. ±30% > j-M. Horizontal
for (0-7in x ,0-4in P.C.M.) or Vertical (0-4in X 0-2in P.C.M.) mounting, I/-
p. 4gram, and mike.
p. Crystal mikeBuilt and12/6
to suit: tested.
plus 8'1/6xp.6'&speaker
p. PRICE to suit: Price
£5.5.0 plus14/6
8/-plus
p. &1/6
p. each.
REZJAUT MARK II Cigns 4- 7/6 p. ft p. In teak-finished case Submin. 0-1W at70oC. ±20% g IM, ±30% > IM. Horizontal (0'4in x
0-2in P.C.M.) or Vertical (0-2in x 0-1 in P.C.M.) mounting. lOd each.
THE VISCOUNT SEMICONDUCTORS: OAS. OAS I, 1/9. OC44, OC45, OC71. OC81,
IntegratedStereo
HighAmplifier
Fidelity OC8ID, OC82D, 2/-. OC70, OC72, 2/3. AC 107, OC75. OC170, OCI7I.
Tranxittor 2/6. AFilS, AF1I6. AF117, ACYI9. ACY2I. 3/3. OCI40, 4/3. OC200.
5/-. OC139. 5/3. OC25, 7/-. OC35, 8/-. OC23, OC28, 8/3.
SPECIFICATIONS:
monoral). Input: 6 Output:
position 10rotary
watteselector
per channel
switchinto(3 3pos.
to 4mono
ohmsandspeakers
Spos.{20stereo),
watts SILICON RECTIFIERS (0-5A): 170 P.I.V.. 2/9. 400 P.LV., 3/-. 800
P.U., Tuner,response;
Tape and40Hz—20KHzi2db.
Tape Eec. Sensitivities: AH inputs lOOmV intocontrols
I'SM ohm. P.I.V., 3/3. 1,250 P.I.V., 3/9. 1,500 P.I.V.. 4/-. (0.75A): 200 P.I.V., 1/6.
Frequency
(Baxandall type), separate bass and treble controls. Treble ISdb lift and cutflat
Tone controls: Tone at 400 P.I.V., 2/-. 800 P.I.V., 3/3. (6A): 200 P.I.V., 3/-, 400 P.I.V.. 4/-.
ISEHz. Bass 16db lift and 25db cut at 60Hz. Volume controls: Separate for each 600 P.I.V., 5/-. 800 P.I.V., 6/-.
channel. AC Mains Input: 200-240v. 60-60Hz. Size 124x3x2iln. in teak-finished SWITCHES (Chrome finish, Silver contacts): 3A 250V, 6A I25V..
case. Built and tested. Push Buttons: Push-on or Push-off 5/-. Toggle Switches; SP/ST, 3/6.
PRICE 13£ gns. Postage & Packing 7/6 extra. SP/DT, 3/9. SP/DT (with centre position) 4/-. DP/ST. 4/6. DP/DT, 5/-
THREE-IK-ONE HI-FI 10 WATT SPEAKER PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (Vero).
B.S.R. TD2 TAPE A complete Loud Speaker system on one frame, 0-l5in Matrix: Sfin X 2iin, 3/3. S^in X 2iin, 3/11. 3iin x 3iin, 3/11.
combiningwiththree Sin x 3}in, 5/6.
DECK speakers a lowmatched ceramic network.
loss cross-over magnet 0-^Matrix: 3Jin x 2iin,4/-. Sin x 2Jin,4/6. 3Jin X 3Jin, 4/6. 5inx3Jin,
This tape deck takes 52' spools Peak handling power 10 watts. Impedance 15
complete with two-track heads. ohms. Flux density 11,000 gauss. Resonance
40-60c/s. Frequency range 50c/8 to 20kc/8. Send S.A.E. for January, 1969 Catalogue
Size 132' long by 82* wide. Size 13i' x 8i* x 41'. By famous manu-
facturer. List price £7. Our price 69/6 plus
£8.19.6 plus 7/6 p. & p. 5/-
minusp.tweeters
& p. inSimilar3 & 15 speaker
ohms 39/6to+the 5/-p.above
& p.
Goods not despatched outside U.K. Terms C.W.O. All enqoiriet S.A.E. DUXF0RD ELECTRONICS (PE)
RADIO & TV COMPONENTS (ACTON) LTD. 97/97A MILL ROAD, CAMBRIDGE
2ld High Street • Acton • London W.3 Telephone: CAMBRIDGE (0223) 63687
323 Edgware Road • London W.2 (Visit us-at our new Mail Order, Wholesale & Retail Premises)
ORDERS BY POST TO OUR ACTON ADDRESS PLEASE MINIMUM ORDER VALUE 5/-
C.W.O. Post and Packing 1/6
266
 This circuit is intended for use as the phase splitting
stage- in high quality push-pull amplifiers and
oscilloscopes, or in any application where two equal
signals, in anti-phase with each other, are required from
a single input signal. The unit is particularly useful in
applications where two output signals are required to TRI I Output
vary about similar or identical mean d.c. levels. By
suitably arranging the output connections of the unit, it
may be used to act as an amplifier with a single output,
variable in voltage gain between approximately +1 and HH H-iP
— 1, or it may be used as a frequency doubler for all a.f.
and low r.f. signals. V
Before delving into the details of this particular %
Input
circuit, it is necessary to mention briefly some of the
more conventional methods of phase-splitting, and the
relative merits (or otherwise) of these alternative
systems.
BALANCED INVERTER fig. /. The balanced inverter phase splitter
Fig. 1 shows a single-transistor phase splitter, some-
times known as a balanced inverter. The circuit has
equal loads in the emitter and collector lines (R3 and
R4), and an output is taken from across each load. H R3V ' R5 / R6
Since the currents flowing in the emitter and collector
lines are nearly equal, the signals appearing across the < C2 > C3
two loads will also be nearly equal in amplitude, but
opposite in phase. Apart from its simplicity, the ' I (output | loufput
circuit has the great advantage that the balance of the
two output signals is virtually unaffected by variations "0 "20-
in the transistor characteristics, since any change (in
frequency response, etc.) will affect both output signals HI
by an equal amount. The major snag of the circuit is RE R7< C4
that the two outputs are at very different impedance
levels, so that severe unbalance may result when the Input
outputs are terminated. Other minor snags are that
the two outputs are at totally different mean d.c. levels,
that the overall voltage gain between each output and
the input is slightly less than unity (as in the case of the
emitter follower) and, since the emitter and collector Fig. 2. Long-tailed pair phase splitter
currents are not quite identical, the two outputs are not
perfectly balanced.

JL
T

ID
*
ID

■SS'

267
 VR
500 VH2

TR2 TR3
m
NKT277 NKT277 NKTZ77
R2 R4 RfO
Input W 22 Ar
kn ta ! putt Output 2

Fig. 3, Circuit diagram of the balanced phase splitter

LONG-TAILED PAIR in which case the voltage gain of the circuit falls to zero.
Fig. 2 shows an alternative phase-splitter circuit, When practical values of emitter resistance are used,
known as the long-tailed pair or paraphase amplifier, voltage gain is obtained and the two outputs may be
which is widely used. Here, two transistors are used, nearly balanced, but this balance is upset by any
each of which is wired as a common emitter amplifier, difference in the characteristics of the two transistors
but sharing a common emitter resistor (R4). This (such as gain, frequency response, etc.).
common resistor introduces negative feedback to both
transistors, with the result that, when an input is fed to BALANCED PHASE SPLITTER
TR1 base, both transistors are affected by the signal, It can be seen that both the above circuits give rather
and, if TR1 collector becomes more negative TR2 doubtful results. However the circuit shown in Fig. 3,
collector will become more positive; the circuit thus offers a performance superior to either of these alter-
acts as a phase-splitter. Theoretically the greater the native circuits. Here, TR 1 is wired. as a balanced
value of the common emitter resistor (R4), the larger inverter, but the load in the collector circuit is made
will be the negative feedback and the more nearly variable and slightly greater than that in the emitter
balanced will be the two output signals. circuit. Thus, the two output signals can be made
This circuit offers two particular advantages: both exactly equal in magnitude by suitably adjusting VR1,
output signals are at the same impedance, and, if the balance condition then being unaffected by the
components are suitably selected, both outputs are transistor characteristics. The output from TR1
available at the same mean d.c. level. emitter is fed, via C2, to the base of TR2, which is
The circuit also has the following disadvantages: wired as an emitter follower, and the output from TR1
perfect balance of the output signals is obtained (in collector is fed, via C3, to the base of TR3, which is also
theory) only when the emitter resistor is infinitely large, wired as an emitter follower.
Inpot COMPONENTS...
Resistors
VR2 R1 68k Q R6 47k O
:
R2 I8kn R7 5-6kn
TR c R3 2-2kn R8 47kn
O R4 2-2kO R9 47 k n
IKE TR3 R5 47k 0 RIO
»+ O 5-6ka
RIO All 10%, carbon
uV R2 m ©
5.7 VZf •ic Potentiometers
1-5 VRI 5000 skeleton preset
to «♦ COM
Output 1 Output 2 Commifiput VR2 lOkO skeleton preset
G o Capacitors
[oTJ •JO} Cl I6^F elect. tSV C3 S/ff elect. 15V
• • • •~loi • • C2 S/ff elect. ISV
oTo Transistors
c o • o ♦ o oooo oooo»o TRI NKT277 TR2 NKT277 TR3 NKT277
• • C Q ^ O • O » O (O j • o » o o" Miscellaneous
o o ( O ) • • (O i • • j O 19 OOP* Veroboard
Plastic covered wire
Battery terminals
Fig. 4, Layout and wiring of components on the Veroboard 9V battery

268
 The emitter follower circuit has a high input /vwv\
impedance, a low output impedance, and gres a
voltage gain of near unity. In Fig. 3 a pre-set variable
resistor, VR2, is made common to the base-bias circuits
of each emitter follower, making it possible to set both o Output
emitters at exactly the same d.c. level, or to set any
required degree of dilference in d.c. levels that may be
needed. Ar
The two balanced outputs of the unit are at low Input
impedance, output 1 being in phase with the input, and O
output 2 being in anti-phase.
CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS
The unit is very easy to build, and all the details for
wiring using Veroboard are shown in Fig. 4. The
breaks in the circuit board are made first and then the
components and fly-leads are wired in. All com-
ponents are mounted vertically on the Veroboard Fig. 5. Principle of the frequency doubler
panel; layout is in no way critical.
FREQUENCY DOUBLER "output 1" on the oscilloscope or voltmeter, noting the
The principle by which the unit is made to act as a amplitude of the signal. The frequency of the generator
frequency doubler is best understood with the aid of is not particularly important, but the input signal
Fig. 5. Here, it can be seen that a conventional centre- should be approximately 1 volt peak to peak in ampli-
tapped mains transformer and full-wave rectifier are tude. Now connect "output 2" to the oscilloscope or
made to act as a frequency doubler, the transformer voltmeter and adjust VR1 until the amplitude is the
acting as a phase splitter, while the rectifiers chop off same as that of "output 1". Disconnect the generator
one half of each secondary signal and add the two and the oscilloscope or voltmeter, and connect a d.c.
remaining signals together. voltmeter between outputs 1 and 2, and adjust VR2
Exactly the same general principle is employed when until a null is obtained. The unit is now ready for use.
the phase splitter of Fig. 3 is used as a frequency doubler,
this being accomplished by simply shorting the emitters APPLICATIONS OF THE PHASE SPLITTER
of TR2 and TR3 together after first setting VR2 to give Using the phase-splitter described here in a high
an exact d.c. balance between these two points. In this quality amplifier, gives perfectly balanced drive and the
case, TR1 is used as the phase splitter (in place of the necessary bias for any following transistors can be
transformer of Fig. 5), TR2 and TR3 act as diodes (in obtained by suitably adjusting VR2. Thus, although
place of the rectifiers), and frequency doubling is this circuit uses three transistors and gives unity voltage
obtained. It should be noted, however, that although gain, it virtually eliminates the need for heavy negative
TR2 and TR3 are used as diodes, they can not be feedback (to overcome distortion) in a complete
replaced by conventional diodes as correct biasing is amplifier system, thus enabling higher gain to be used
essential to circuit operation. Similarly, if the balance elsewhere.
of TR2 and TR3 emitters is not correctly set by VR2 Similarly^ the unit may be used in the amplifier
before the emitters are shorted together, unbalanced stages of an oscilloscope, to give push-pull X or Y
rectification will result. deflection, or, if used in an early part of the amplifier, to
If the unit is to be built purely as a frequency doubler, enable the trace to be displayed either in phase or in
the break at "lOF" on the Veroboard may be omitted anti-phase with the input-signal.
and R7 and RIO replaced by a single 2-7 kiiohm
resistor. The setting of VR2 for balanced rectification APPLICATIONS OF THE FREQUENCY
is obtained with the aid of an oscilloscope. It should DOUBLER
be noted that, if balanced rectification is to be obtained, As a frequency doubler, the unit may be used, in
the input signal to the unit should be symmetrical, and conjunction with suitable filters, to form the basis of a
preferably of sine form. high quality signal generator. Many generators
employ only one oscillator range, additional ranges
SINGLE VARIABLE OUTPUT being added by selecting and filtering harmonics of the
The unit of Fig. 3 may be adapted to give a single fundamental range. This system has the advantage
output, the amplitude of which can be varied between that very pure waveforms can be obtained, and has
approximately +1 and — 1. This is done by connecting a only one tuning scale requiring calibration, all other
10 kiiohm variable resistor across the two output con- scales being multiples of this basic range.
nections, and taking the output of the unit from the The frequency doubler may also be used to obtain
moving arm of this variable resistor. It should be special recording effects, although additional circuitry
noted that this modification does not give an output may be required. "Pinky and Perky" effects can be
that is fully variable in phase, but an output that is obtained, for example, by feeding normal voice signals
either in phase or anti-phase with the input, but is into the input of the unit, and feeding ftie output to an
variable in amplitude. amplifier or tape recorder via a filter circuit. To cover
the full range of voice levels, however, a speech com-
SETTING UP PROCEDURE presser should be used in front of the frequency
Before the unit is used, it must be correctly set up. doubler, and a matched speech expander should be used
An audio generator and an oscilloscope or a.c. valve after the doubler.
voltmeter are necessary for this operation. Connect Many other uses will, no doubt, occur to the reader.
the generator to the input of the unit, and measure
269
 /
53^
c5c<S3^
'

f r
c®
\m
■<=t
c? iS^a

T
%5 ..jr-
/ 1

MONITOR
By D.M.BUSSELL

PERSONAL ALARM FOR WORKERS CLOSELY INVOLVED WITH RADIATION SOORCES

NOVEL COMPACT DESIGN USING MINIATURE GEIGER MULLER TUBE

Tras radioactivity monitor was evolved as a warning THE GEIGER MULLER TUBE
device for persons working near units which emit An MX151 Geiger Muller tube is employed as the
X-rays such as medical X-ray or cobalt units used in radiation detector; see Fig. 1 as a guide to operating
hospitals, thickness gauges in industry, or wherever point. The tube becomes sensitive to particles or
radioactive isotopes are used. It was designed as a radiation at around 350 volts, and its normal operating
personal alarm and not as an accurate measure of beta, voltage is where the curve tends to flatten; this portion is
gamma or X-ray radiation. referred to as the plateau. W:th the tube biased
The author has built a small number of these monitors between 400 and 600 volts thei little change in its
which are giving good service in X-ray and radiotherapy sensitivity, i.e. number of discharges per volt applied.
departments of two large General Hospitals. Full cost It is not advisable to apply a higher voltage than
of this unit will be between £8 10s Od and £10 maximum, indicated in Fig. 1 as the tube may be destroyed by the
depending on availability of parts. The miniature discharge which follows the' application of voltages
G.M. tube accounts for £5-£7 of this amount. It may above the plateau region.
seem an expensive device, however in situations where When a particle of radiation enters the G.M. tube
the need is to be aware of radiation sources it can prove with the correct voltage applied, a controlled, short
to be a life saver. discharge through the gas in the tube is triggered off,
The radiation monitor circuit consists basically of resulting in a negative pulse being produced at the tube
four sections: monostable, blocking oscillator, h.t. anode. This pulse is used to switch on the circuitry,
voltage doubler circuit, and the G.M. tube. See thus producing an audible bleep, a visible neon tube
Fig. 2. flash and—through the action of the blocking oscillator
—^replacement or restoration of the h.t. voltage level.
THE MONOSTABLE
The monostable circuitry, is in the form of an ail-off,
complementary transistor circuit. TR1 being a pnp
transistor is switched on by the negative pulse from the
G.M. tube. TR1 when on will also turn on TR2; the
latter is an npn transistor and part of its negative going
collector voltage is fed back via R3 and C2 to TR1 base,
so holding the monostable in the on condition, until the
charge has leaked away from C2 via the input circuitry.
The negative square wave on TR2 collector is used to
supply the base current for the TR3 blocking oscillator
circuit, which is then turned on.
270
BLOCKING OSCILLATOR Construction is not difficult if one has had some
In the blocking oscillator converter, formed by previous experience in building small compact units.
TR3-T1, an audible frequency around 1 to 2kHz is If the monitor is not required for carrying in the pocket,
generated and fed to the earpiece transducer X1 which a larger, easier-to-construct layout can be adopted.
is connected across the base winding of Tl. The A piece of circuit board measuring l^in by 2^in is
"tweet" duration is governed by Cl and C3 in com- used as the base for the monitor, the components being
bination. mounted as indicated in Fig. 3. ' Breaks in the
copper strips are made, as shown in Fig. 3, before the
HIGH VOLTAGE SUPPLY assembly work commences. The earpiece X1 rests on a
The high voltage for the G.M. tube is produced or small cushion of sponge material laid on top of C5.
replenished by the h.t. winding on Tl. The voltage Battery clips are fashioned from small pieces of brass,
across the third winding of Tl is doubled by the see Fig. 3. The complete assembly fits comfortably
rectifying circuit D2-D7 and stored in the reservoir into a plastics box with hinged lid measuring 1 iGn by
capacitor C6, ready for the next particle to produce a 2|in by 1 ^in deep.
discharge in the G.M. tube. In the original unit fibre glass board was used
While the "tweet" is audible from the earpiece XI, the for its high insulation properties to prevent leakage
h.t. will tend to rise above 600 volts and the neon circuit from the high impedance h.t. circuitry. However, the
serves two functions; as a visible indicator, plus a high standard Veroboard has been used successfully with'
voltage limiter, making use of the reverse breakdown of p.t.f.e. stand-off insulators for the h.t. section. In
the two EC401 diodes. The current through this conditions of high humidity or where leakage in the
circuit is limited by R8. high voltage circuitry is a problem, a larger reservoir C5
To measure the h.t. voltage use only an electrostatic up to 0-1/tF 630V may be desirable, as the storage in
meter, as the high impedance supply will be loaded by C5 is essential for the continuous operation of the unit.
any other meter system. In its quiet condition and at Encapsulation of the high voltage section is an alter-
room temperature of 250C, the monitor's consumption native in high humidity situations.
from a 5 volt mercury battery is measured at less than
15 nanoamps. During the "tweets" which occur at
intervals of one to two per minute depending on the CRITICAL COMPONENTS
natural background radiation, the current rises for a The high voltage diodes D2-D7 have a low reverse
quarter of a second to around 10 milliamps. In areas leakage. Three Fairchild EC401 125 volt diodes can be
of high radiation of 50 millirdntgen or more the unit used in series, making eight diodes altogether.
will produce a continuous tweeting sound and glow High voltage capacitors should be of 630 d.c. volt
from the neon. working but no breakdown has yet been experienced
In low radiation areas, the batteries can last up to with over-run 400V d.c. working types. Ceramic
three months in the case of a Mallory TR114. Alter- capacitors may be too leaky for use in this application.
natively, three DEAC 225DK rechargeable cadmium The earpiece should be a near equivalent to the unit
cells can be used. type specified. Re-triggering of the monostable and
less output volume may be experienced with higher
CONSTRUCTION impedance devices. To increase the audible output a
The monitor will be sensitive to high level static or small horn or 2in x iin tube fitted over the earpiece will
r.f. fields if mounted in a plastic case as in the suggested help to resonate the sound and increase the audible
design, and this should be remembered if for instance output, but this will depend also on the case size.
radiation from television 25kV e.h.t. rectifiers is being The only suitable G.M. tube for this circuit is the
monitored. The "tweet" due to an r.f. field is recognis- Mullard MX151, or the Japanese version (which may be
able by its regularity. available). When fitting do not solder direct onto the
D2 D3 D4 400VMIN
rit1 yellow 500V MAX
2 t 4 fGiZ fve
va-l W4 EC 401 0-047
TRANSFORMER
C0HKECTIQHS
II D5 D6 D7
0-0juF
IMH Mil
TR2
yellow blue
&C07
500
2uF V2
fUMMj'!=I TR3
1W
I 39011 0CT
202 MXia
lOOOpF -m- EC 401
IMD

fig. 2. Circuit diagram of the pocket radiation monitor

271
 link wire
TR2

TR3

tl 12
• • • 1 o#o«»e«o# BATTERY BRACKET
2off reqd
• € oe o5

0
•
•
o
o
• (

0
o
o
o
• •M • •1 1c ( o ) O • • o o 0 DC 202

o • •
o
•
0
o
o
0
0
•
•
0
• • • \ e cP
o
o
o

•
•
o
o
o
o
—• ■ • ^ bi* •lo)» • •Up v
Holes shown thus to
occcmodQtc two wires
Fig, 3. Layout and wiring, of the board. The battery and microphone are positioned as indicated by the dotted lines, see
text. The battery clips are made from strips of brass or similar material

COMPOHENTS...
centre anode pin or overheat the tube; use the anode
Resistors clip supplied and only solder the clip into the circuit
Rl IMO R4 2-2kn R7 4-7MQ with the tube unplugged.
R2 47k£2 R5 3900 R8 lOMO
R3 47kO R6 1MO TESTING THE MONITOR
All ±10%, iW carbon On completion of construction very carefully check
Capacitors the wiring with the circuit diagram. Check also the
C1 2/iF elect. 6V polarity of Cl, C3, and the diodes. The h.t. should be
C2 I.OOOpF paper IkV* monitored with an electrostatic voltmeter—but if this is
C3 25fiF elect. 6V not available the flashing of the neon will indicate
C4 O-OI ^F paper 400V voltages of over 600 or over.
C5 0'047fiF paper 630V* The monitor may be made operative by connecting
*Wima (C.E.S. Ltd., P.O. Box II, Cambridge) and disconnecting the 5 volt supply until "tweets" are
Diodes heard in the earpiece and the neon flashes. Alter-
Dl EC40I (Fairchild) natively, a 10 kilohm resistor may temporary be con-
D2. 3, 4 EC40I (3 off) nected between terminal 2 and 4 of Tl. The unit is now
OS, 6, 7 EC40I (3 off) ready for a radiation test. The most handy source is a
D8, 9 EC40I (2 off) luminous watch dial which will usually give tweets
every two or three seconds when the dial is held as near
Transistors as possible to the tube.
TRI OC202 (pnp silicon) The neon visual indicator should light only for the
TR2 BCI07 (npn silicon) duration of the audible "tweet". If it stays lit longer
TR3 OC202 (pnp silicon)
and there is no radiation response, the D8 and D9
Miscellaneous EC401 diodes may have too low a reverse breakdown
VI Neon, wire-ended (Radiospares) voltage and a third series diode should be tried. The
- V2 G.M. tube MXI51 (Mullard) neon may not light if D8 and D9 have too high a
Tl Transformer: primary 6V; secondary 400V reverse breakdown; in this case one or both diodes
(Parmeko LI321/4) should be_ substituted. (In the author's experience
XI Earpiece 30-1000, miniature magnetic this condition only arose in about one in ten diodes, and
BYI 5-3V battery. (Mallory TRIM); or (Deac as their current price is near 3s it is not a bad risk.)
225DK) (3 off)
Veroboard IJinx 2^in. Plastics box l^-in x No battery decoupling is used and when the battery is
2|in x l-iVin nearing the end of its life the tweet becomes much
Sponge rubber pad. Material for battery clips shorter with a clucking sound. This indicates a change
is soon required.

272
 SOLDER ON

WITH

A T X E XX

CN 15 Watts. Ideal for miniature and micro

miniature soldering, 18 interchangeable spare from
bits available from .040" (1mm) up to 3/16"
For 240, 220, 110, 50 or 24 volts. 32^6
If you want the best in soldering, Antex irons are for you.
Pin point precision, fingertip control, interchangeable bits
that slide over the elements and do not stick, sharp heat at Complete precision
the tip, reliable elements and full availability of spares. soldering kit
World-wide users, both enthusiasts and.professionals solder
with Antex. It's time you joined them. G 18 watts, ideal for miniature work on
production Hnes. Interchangeable spare
Antex soldering irons are stocked by quality electrical bits, 3/32", 1/8*, 3/16', and 1/4', For 240,
dealers, or order direct from Antex by sending Cash. A free 220 or 110 volts. 32/6.
colour catalogue will be supplied on request. This kit—in a rigid plastic
"tool-box" — contains
everything you need for
precision soldering.
A IN I T X ) PRECISION MINIATURE ■ Model CN 15 watts E 20 watts. Fitted with 1/4' bit.
Interchangeable spare bits3/32*. 1 /8'
' SOLDERING IRONS miniature iron, fitted 3/16'. For 240, 220, 110 or 24 vofts.from 35/-
tV bit.
Antex, Mayflower House. Plymouth, Devon ■ Interchangeable spare
bit's. A". A'
Telephone : Plymouth 67377/8. Telex 45296. Giro No.258 1000 ■ Reel of resin-cored
solder
■ Felt cleaning pad ES 25 watts. Fitted with 1 /8' bit.
■ Stand for soldering iron Interchangeabie bits 3/32". 3/16' and 1/4'.
Ideal for high speed production Mnos,
■ Space for stowage of For 240. 220,110, 24 or 12 vofts.from 35/-
-J** ft, /iJ, »v. lead and plug
PLUS 36-page booklet on
__ . ^ "How-to-Sotder"—a mine
Model CN 240/2 of Information for amateur
15 watts - 240 volts and professional. F 40 watts. Fitted 5/16' bit.
From Electrical and Radio fnterchangeatfte bits 1/4'. 3/18', 1/8". 3/32*
Fitted with nickel plated bit (3/32") and in Shops or sn , Very high temperature iron. Available
handy transparent pack. From Electrical "S |f» for 240, 220. 110. 24 or 20 vofts.from 42/6
and Radio Shops or send cash to Antex. ^49^6 Spare bits and elements for all models
and voltages immediately available from stock.

1 P'sase send me the Antex colour catalogue

To: Antex, Mayflower House, Plymouth, Devon
I Please-send me the following irons
Quantity Model Bit Size Volts Price I enclose cheque/P.O./cash value ,
NAME
ADDRESS
• ■
PE4
- Telephone

273
 A.P.T. STABILISED P.S.U. MODEL 515/S
will regulate from 0-500 v. at 500 mA A.E.I. HIGHLY STABILISED P.S.U.
also current regulated from 10 mA to 3-30V d.c. at 2A. Type R2240, this
350 mA in 17 ranges, these units are in power supply is ideally suitable for
as new condition and perfect working semiconductor work, the unit has a
order, save pounds, on this one price, very high specification and is fully
P.P. 20,-, £45.0;0 transistorised and infinitely variable
throughout its range. Supplied brand
HIGH QUALITY SWITCHING RELAYS new boxed. List price £73. OUR PRICE £22.10.0 P* & P* 15/-
Ericsson miniature single pole changeover type for
high speed operation, 720 ohms 6-9V, current drain at
6V 8MA, "hermetically sealed," normal price over " DALE PRODUCTS INC." HEAT SINK RESISTORS
60/-OUR PRICE 17/6 ea. p.p. 1/6
These high grade resistors are completely sealed
MINIATURE RELAY of good quality. Suitable for against moisture and will withstand rough
many applications, model control circuits, alarm treatment without failure, this non-
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Contained in grey enamel case, weight only 30g—
price 9/6 as above but 36-50V. 1500 ohms coil 4 C/O applications and is ideal for dummy '*
8/6 ea. p.p. 6d* loads in power amplifiers, etc. in the
LUCAS HORN AND OVERDRIVE RELAYS following values:
Suitable for many applications for I2V operation. Note 15 ohms, 250 W, 45/-; 810 ohms, 200 W. 45/-; 200 ohms, 50 W, 7/6
our price only 7/6 ea. p.p. 6d.
MINIATURE RECHARGEABLE L.A. BATTERIES DOUBLE BEAM OSCILLOSCOPE TYPE I3A
Ideally suitable for model boats, portable T.V *5, etc., Bandwidth 2c/s—SMc/s. The above scope has excellent specifications
these batteries are of the non-spillab!e type rated at and is ideally suitable for radio and T.V. engineers. This well-known
12V 4 A.H. Sire only 4in square fully sealed but not
dry charged, complete with instructions, brand new scope has sealed "C" core transformers and is renowned for reliability.
and guaranteed only 45/- ea. p.p. 2/6 Supplied in first class condition with leads, graticule, instructions
BECKMAN PRECISION POTENTIOMETERS and in guaranteed working order.
" TEN TURN " EXCELLENT VALUE AT £22.10.0 P. & P. 25/-
Value Tol. Model Price
2K ohms 0-5 LIN SAII0I 45/- post free COSSOR DOUBLE BEAM OSCILLOSCOPE
I0K ohms 0 05 LIN "A" S 50/- post free
50K ohms 0-1 LIN A 45/- post free TYPE 1049 MK. Ill
30K ohms 0-5 A 45/- post free e
I00K + IO0K A 60/-.post free This well-known scope is suitable for all D.C. appli-
The above HELICALS have jin shaft and are rated at cations, medical work, servo systems, amplifiers, etc. t.
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MINIATURE HELICALS—TEN TURN price over £140. Our price £35 P* & P- 30/-
25K ohms 0 5 LIN SAJ337 30/— post free
5K ohms 0-5 LIN 500 35/— post free
B40 "WORLD WIDE" COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVER
LEDEX ROTARY SOLENOID SWITCHES Manufactured by Murphy Ltd. for the British Navy, these high-quality
Suitable for all types of remote circuit selection and a
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no waiting—off-the-shelf deliveries of thenewfollowing
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(1) Miniature
wafers for flange mounting. Operating Ivoltage,
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(2) Standard type as above, I pole 2 positions with long facilities, size 19 x 16 x I3ins. Weight 83lbs. OUR PRICE £27.100
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ir PORTABLE WHEATST0NE BRIDGE MODEL 7009 -* HIGH VALUE RESISTANCE BOX
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scale 10-0-10. Slidewire 0*5 to 5*0. 0*1 watt per step. Case
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switched, internal source 4V battery •*■ Price £22.10.0
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20K ohms, per volt-
D.C. current 0—Micro Amps
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D.C. Volts 0-6000V in 5
4 individual ranges from ranges.
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Frequency range 40c/s to m A.C. volts 0-6000V. Resistance
lOkc/s. Supplied brand new 0-3 Megohms. ^
in hammer finish stove enamel These are very robust high quality meters with an easy-read
at the much reduced price of scale. Supplied with 2 voltage dividers, spare rectifiers, and all
-*■£22.10.10 P. & P. 7/6 leads contained in hinged lid at only
+ £12.19.6 BRAND NEW and GUARANTEED

P. F. RALFE RADIO

274
 5 >>
Si

mVv
% i j?
<rAC
A
LN I

ELECTRONIC

MOBILE

ANIMAL
k. By G.C.BROWN
M.S.H.A.A. A.M.R.S.H
^ .. - m
Part one of EMMA detailed the theory and wiring of
the complete reflex functions board. This month
we describe the "muscle" control and load monitoring
circuit and board, the power supply wiring and the
mechanical details of EMMA's "skeleton". The block is arranged to be just cut-off. Any mechanical loaa
diagram for the electronic parts was shown in Fig. 1 applied to either or both motors will increase the current
(last month), enclosed by a separate broken line, drawn through R67 and therefore take the emitter of
designated "Board No. 2". TR33 more positive causing the transistor to conduct.
The collector level of TR33 under these conditions will
"MUSCLE" CONTROL thus tend to go more and more positive with increasing
The "muscle" (motor) control circuits (Fig. 5) loads and be an indication of the degree of loading.
consist of two channels providing power switching for Potentiometer VRJsets the level for no-load conditions
the port and starboard motors. Each channel com- and controls the sensitivity of the circuit.
prises a pair of OC35 power transistors driven by a Resistor R67 can be fabricated from easily obtainable
complementary input arrangement. Due to their electric-fire element wire. A few turns of this should
inexpensiveness, common types of power transistors be cut off and preferably measured on an ohmmeter for
have been used as an alternative to more exotic minia- correct value. When the resistance is the correct value,
ture devices connected in full complementary format. the wire ends should be filed clean to facilitate soldering.
Although larger, the cheaper • versions have the R67 must obviously be kept low in value because the
advantage that with the small current demands made motors themselves only have a resistance of about
upon them additional heat sinks are not required. 3 ohms.
The motor in each channel is connected between the
centre-point of its associated power transistors and, CIRCUIT BOARD DETAILS
via R67, the common point. With either input Mcl or Illustrations of the "muscle" control board are given
Mc2 at ground level the input transistors will be in Figs. 6a and b. The board should be drilled as
effectively non-conducting and the motors will be indicated to accommodate the four power transistors.
switched-off. A positive level on Mcl, however, will No heat sinks are required because the transistors are
turn-on TR26 causing TR28 to conduct and hence not called upon to dissipate any over-large currents.
drive the starboard motor forward. Taking Mcl, The reflex functions board, which was detailed last
negative will turn off TR26 and switch on TR25 thus month, is firmly mounted by way of 18 s.w.g. wire
causing TR27 to conduct and the motor to drive in the soldered between its four comers and the corners of the
opposite direction. The channel controlling the port "muscle" control board. Such an arrangement lends
motor is operated in an identical fashion. itself well to instant modification and occasional
Despite the employment of separate power supplies, "surgery", additional boards being freely accom-
some interference resulting from motor "hash" inevit- modated in minutes.
ably reaches the reflex functions board. In an attempt
to minimise this complaint and make the motor control POWER SUPPLIES
system a little more sanitary, two OT/tF capacitors The "animal" requires two power supplies, termed
(C17 and C18) are wired in parallel with the motors. "A" and "B". Two sources of supply are used in
preference to one because of the demand for large
LOAD SENSING CIRCUIT de-coupling capacitors with a single supply. In fact the
During forward motion of EMMA, the joint current additional supply takes up less space than would the
demands made by the two motors are monitored by capacitors. Supply "A" feeds the whole of the reflex
transistor TR33 (Fig. 5) which under no.load conditions circuitry and consists of a-pair of type 1289 batteries.
275
 OWDfF
TR2 TR
KM R66
TR31 inn
BfXB BfXlS
STARBOARD R60 TR33 R68
OC35 n62 OC35 VR3
V
Mcl 2.7ka *n ska s 3rX
SUPPtY
Mc2 BY5
c>—W AA - A4
\ ZTkll Tk26 TR30 i M02
PORT
iX/V-
jtiiA \_y r
TR28 TR3 R67
2H706A 2N706A PORT
©0C55
c
RD3 R65

+4-SV

Fig. 5. Electronic mime mobile animal "EMMA", Circuit diagram of the motor control and load sensing circuits
Supply "B" feeds the motor control circuit and com- longitudinal angle girders connected together by five
prises a type 126 battery for forward drive (a heavy cross members. The cross members in addition to
duty battery is used here because EMMA is more lending strength to the chassis also carry the motors,
frequently in this mode) and a type 1289 battery for motor control board, and override switches SI and S2,
reverse drive. In both cases the supplies are connected the switches being mounted between two chassis
so as to form 4-5V—0—4'5V sources (see Fig. 7), the members and thereby dispensing with the need for
zero point being common to "A" and "B". drilling.
Downward extensions at the front and rear of the
CHASSIS DETAILS plinth support the castors and axles respectively. At
In order to make the construction problem minimal, the rear of EMMA this is constituted by four double-
Meccano components were chosen for the model. The angle strips bolted between the plinth and a tie-strip.
chassis which is of extremely simple construction is The frontal (anterior) end comprises a pair of screwed
shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 10 and essentially comprises a rods running between the plinth and a lower cross
rigid skeleton plinth, formed from two main member. This member and the plinth are separated by

•
ii3

&

276
 ooooooooooooooooooooocooooooooooooooo
oOo OOO
o o O O
o O
o o
o o
o o
o TR27 TR28 o
o VR3 o
o o
o TR31 TR32 o
o o
o o
o o
o o
o o o o
oOc ooO
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
t 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 25 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

Fig. 6a. Top view of the motor control board. The board should be drilled to accom-
modate the OC35 mounting screws and the base and emitter pins. Mounting holes for
the board are made at each corner to line up with the Meccano mounting strips

'A' SUPPLY -4-5V 'A SUPPLY + 4-5V

(TO SWITCH SI-WHITE/BLACK S, MOUNTING FOR LOWER BOARD)
'B'SUPPLY-4-5V — B'SUPPLY +4-5V (TO SWITCH SI -ORANGE WIRE AND
(SWITCH S2- (SWITCH S2-RED WIRE) MOUNTING FOR LOWER BOARD)
GREEN WIRE)
ojcao ~oro
ono o (Q olb) o o o (> o
BM OiOIOOOO
O CP) Ai -j EMITTER ^ EMITTER Or? o o o o
bl&To EE Mm 0(0)0 o o e?l
' ofefo TR TR30 —R64 OO O C
oWo 2 J BASE
oWc base^===^==
• o o c o o Mc2
R67
oM Wi. o c
R66 [<?!• oo
TR33 R59 O O oo
QjcO
woes CO R65 is o o o o
EMITTER C jffoj EMITTER o o
OSTo oToTc o o
3S ASE Qigl O (O o o o o
a _R60(OlO| BASE o > bSTO oo Mcl
ZM OTR25 o* mm ' TR26 • WTo^o orWp
SM .R58-,- o o ecao etc
OOP O OOP O O O 6 (g O O O OOOO om~c Or icrc~
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 25 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
A SUPPLY -4-5V
COMMON FOR (MOUNTING FOR LOWER BOARD) SUPPLY COMMON
BOTH MOTORS —STARBOARD MOTOR (M01) "BROWN WIRE (MOUNTING FOR
LOWER BOARD)
- LOAD MONITORING
—PORT MOTOR (M02)-YELLOW WIRE
OV SUPPLY COMMON
TRANSISTOR OUTLINE TRANSISTOR OUTLINE
-0C35 (UNDERSIDE VIEW) —BFX13 AND 2N706A
(TOP VIEW)

Fig. 6b. Underside view of the Yeroboard showing component wiring and breaks in the
circuit strips. Care should be taken that the emitter and base leads from the OC3S's
do not short with adjacent copper strips. All link wires should be of the plastic covered
type. Transistors TR25 and TR33, which are mounted upside down, should be kept
well clear of the copper strips
277
 4.5V
green
BY 3 PORT
MOTOR
MO 2 Tellow
muscle wire fromboard
control 'B'Supply
ccmmon SUPPLY ■K.5V
red.
BY 4

S2b BY 3 BY 4
f4.5V Sr*

SI a +4.5V^N d»W? -4*

orange
orange +«VW green
BY -4.5 V Jsi!uPPlJ
whitt/bliick " -.3»j '6'suppljr
STARBOARD Motor common from
MOTOR muscle control board

1 common?>SUVY MOl Broim riirt from muscle

i BY2 control board
Common supply(eartll)
'A'supply feds soard 1—Reflex Circuit
'B'supply feeds BoardZ-MusdeCoitrol and
-4.5V Load Monitorins Cireuits

Fig. 7, Circuit and wiring of the two power supplies and motors. Capacitors Cl and C2 were shown in the main circuit
diagram (Fig, 2) last month

4V4* DIA. ROAD WHEEL (N?ie7b)

£ 'iM
vVp" ANGLE GIRDER (N» 80)
3 V
D r i tr i f Y? | 1 0 C
M01 -o
MUSCLE CONTROL A CLAYRITE
BOARDs i MINIATURE
t/ CASTOR
V2 DfA. B W///A B) @ m M ©
1V2 DIA. BEVEL
BEVEL GEARS GEARS sVp"STRIPS o
(N?30c) (NB 30a) (NY 2) ^
© w/,m e) C0

mo 2 o o o p
52 JO
IAI
J u j 0 c
s'/j strips 9V2 ANGLE GIRDER(N98a)
(M'2
msMM MOl & MO2
A1// DIA. ROAD WHEEL (N?i87b) MOTOR/GEARBOX (EtSR)

Fig. 8, Top view of EMMA's skeleton showing chassis construction and component
mounting positions. Batteries BYI, 2, 3 and 4 occupy the rear end of the skeleton,
above the motors (see photos)
278
 1 DIA. PULLEY (N?22) 1*014. PULLEY (N?22)
4 72 LONG AXLE RODS (N915a)
ptst
5 M01 MO 2
;

2^
~-
SV? STRIP
(N?2)
/A
/ „ / / X
2V2 X V2 DOUBLE-ANGLE STRIPS (N? 48o)
a

Rg. 9. Rear view of the chassis showing the drive arrange-

ments
conditions neither motor should run. Reconnect the
common input to the positive supply rail; both-motors
tubular pillars which slide over the screwed rods. should now run in the forward direction—if this is not
Space for the batteries is provided above and just the case, reverse the connections to the offending
rear of the motor mounting position. For easy access motor(s). Now disconnect the common input from
the batteries can be secured in place by way of elastic positive and connect to the negative rail, ensuring both
bands or plastics strips attached to either side of the motors now run in reverse.
chassis.
COMPONENTS...
FINAL-DRIVE ARRANGEMENT
EMMA's motive power is derived from a pair of
Meccano "Power Drive" motor/gearbox units; these MOTOR CONTROL
are located port and starboard on the chassis and each is Resistors
secured in position by four 4B.A. nuts and bolts. The R58 2-7kn R64 IkO
gearboxes, which are of the epicyclic type, have pro- R59 2-7kn R6S 4-7ka
vision for the selection of several gear ratios; in the R60 2-2kn R66 4-7kn
model the lowest (60: 1) is used. Output from the R6I 2-2kn R67 0-5n (see text)
R62 2-2kn R68 6800
gearboxes is taken via bevel gears which provide a R63 2-2kn
further 3 : 1 reduction, thus giving an overall figure of
180: 1 between the motors and road wheels. Capacitors
The final-drive axles which run through the centre C17, CIS 0-l/xF polyester 150V
holes of the double-angle strips each carry a road Transistors
wheel, a large bevel gear, and a pulley. The pulley, TR25 BFXI3 or BFXI2 TR30 2N706A
properly adjusted, serves the purpose of reducing end- TR26 2N706A TR3I OC3S
float and ensures correct meshing of the gears. TR27 OC3S TR32 OC35
TR28 OC35 TR33 BFX13 or BFXI2
INTERCONNECTION WIRING TR29 BFXI3 or BFXI2
Wiring between the boards, switches, motors and Miscellaneous
power supplies is shown in Fig. 7. It must be VRI Skn min
emphasised that motor leads should be kept as short as MOI Meccano "Power Drive" motor/gearbox
possible and maintained clear of the reflex functions M02 Meccano "Power Drive" motor/gearbox
board and its wiring. The "A" and "B" power supply S2 double pole on/off toggle switch
leads should not run in the same cableform and must BY!, 2, 3i type 1289, 4-5V batteries
BY4 type 126, 4-5V battery
have quite separate routes to avoid coupling motor Veroboard 5fin x 2|in (0-1 Sin pitch)
"hash" into the reflex functions circuits. 22 s.w.g. plastic covered wire
SYSTEMS CHECK-OUT MECHANICAL
When the circuit boards have been completed they Chassis Components
should be carefully examined to ensure that com- No. 2 strips (8 off)
ponents are correctly connected and no dry joints exist. No. 8a angle girders (2 off)
Check too that there are no accidental solder bridge- No. 37a nuts (4 off) Meccano
No. 48a double angle strips (4 off) I
overs between adjacent conductors. No. 80 screwed rods (2 off)
Prior to check-out of the complete system, the inputs 2in x ^-in dia. dural pillars (2 off)
to the motor control board (Mcl and Mc2) should be 4B.A. and 6B.A. fixings
temporarily disconnected. At this time the "animal"
is best raised off its wheels so that they are free to turn Drive Components
No. ISa axle rods (2 off)
during the checks which follow. No. 22 pulleys (2 off)
No. 30a bevel gears (2 off) )-Meccano
MOTOR CONTROL AND LOAD SENSING No. 30c bevel gears (2 off)
Connect both supplies and switch S2 on. Tem- No. 187b road wheels (2 off)
porarily connect inputs Mcl and Mc2 together and Miniature slipper castors (Clayrite, 2 off)
take this common input to zero (ground); under these
279
 zVz" LONG SCREWED ROD (WMe)
It NUTS N? 37a)

I PILLARS

'
CASTORS

Fig. 10. View from the front of EMMA, with circuit

fa. jrds removed, showing the castor mountings

Reconnect the common input (Mcl and Mc2) to the shine a light onto EMMA's photo-sensors to ensure
positive rail and connect a voltmeter between the that she turns away and then resumes her previous
negative supply point and the collector of TR33. Adjust mode.
VR3 for zero indication under no-load conditions. Although crude compared with some of the most
Now gently load both motors, by slowing the road simple living animals, EMMA demonstrates in a quite
wheels, and ensure that the indicated voltage increases striking way that electronics can be used to model a
with increasing load. Disconnect the common input, few of the basic reflexes. In a later article EMMA
separate Mcl and Mc2 and return them to their will "fill-out" her structure with a learning faculty; in
normal connections with the reflex functions board. the meantime however the constructor will have his
Switch SI on. hands full with a "pet" running around the house that
requires little exercise and lives a lifetime—provided
LOAD THRESHOLD AND AVOIDANCE the battery manufacturers stay in business!
SYSTEM i < «■
Connect the voltmeter between the negative rail and :4*
the collector of TR18. Adjust VR2 so that the Schmitt
fires at a point consistent with moderate loading; the
circuit will fire after a short delay due to the transient
damping.
During the load threshold checks one can simul- w
taneously establish that the avoidance system is
functioning correctly—i.e. that with application of
loads exceeding the set threshold the motors reverse
their direction of rotation and that one or other
continues to reverse for a further period prior to f .if.
resumption of the normal forward mode. Remember
that there should be obvious randomness as to which 1
motor runs-on in reverse. If not, adjust VR1 a
fraction until some degree of randomness is present.
STEERING SELECTION AND FINAL
CHECKS
Place EMMA on the floor and ensure that the random
function also manifests itself in the forward mode of
operation. EMMA should quite unpredictably stop,
start and turn right or left. During encounters with
various obstacles, EMMA should back and timi to
commence a new, more favourable course. Finally, mm
fe !

> I
mi »
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^ s
r'r i ; s n :

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m
i

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 y-

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' . $
A unijunction circuit for modern cars

fitted with permanent magnet wiper motors

INTERRUPTED

SCREENWIPER

CONTROL

By C.J.MILLS

In our October issue we published a "Vari Windscreen CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Wiper control; this control was designed for use on The circuit shown in Fig. 2 uses a unijunction, a
any car having self parking wipers. We have since transistor and a relay instead of the thyristor used in our
discovered that many modern cars are now fitted with previous article. The circuit works as follows: when
permanent magnet wiper motors which have to be the delay unit is switched on the SO/rF capacitor (Cl)
shorted to stop them. The circuit diagram of the charges up through diode D1 and control resistance
latest wipers is shown in Fig. 1; in this case the parking R2 and VR1 until the unijunction trigger voltage is
switch is a change over type which disconnects the reached. When the unijunction is triggerSd it's voltage
supply and short circuits the permanent magnet motor drops, reverse biasing the diode and producing a square
to stop it in the parking position; the "Vari Wiper" wave voltage output at the unijunction base Bl. The
(October issue) cannot be used with these motors. duration of this square wave is controlled by the
This article describes a circuit which is designed for discharge time of capacitor Cl through the 5-6 kilohm
the modern permanent magnet type of wiper and resistor (Rl). The voltage at Bl switches on the
provides power to the motor to move it from the transistor and turns the relay on long enough to start the
parking position; the motor will then continue to run motor and drive it beyond the parking position. The
until the wipers return to the parking position. After a narking switch now completes the motor circuit and
controllable time interval another pulse is applied to the breaks the control circuit allowing capacitor Cl to
motor and the cycle repeats itself. discharge through Rl until the parking position is again
reached when the cycle repeats.
INTER RWTED_WIPEP CIRCUIT \
| PREWIREDJ50ARO

01
0A91
R3 TR2 ? PPARKING
-12VO- 0A202 "*■
^^ ioon 2N3704 [ SWITCH
1 WIPER
PARKING TR1 tOTOR
r^o SWITCH T[S43 r
l RLA1
OFF
imim
22kO _2?J ON? WIPER
OFF SWITCH
6W1 i R4 > RLA2
1 150n>. 03 . . 70QD J
ONO WIPER ON/OFF < 0A202- -
SWITCH vri i r
+ 0- lOOktl
mm
I
fig, I. Circuit diagram of a 1_
modern screenwiper using a Fig. 2. Circuit diagram of the interrupted screenwiper control.
permanent magnet motor Points a, b and c show connections to the car wiring

281
 D1
+ TR2 t o
e®± VRI
RLA
TKl COIL

! 162 fcl 1 DJ
0 TO PARKING SWITCH
'(6)
RLA AND TO WIPER SWITCH
O o WIPER ON/OFF , /OFF' POLE)
SWITCH (EARTHI

7n TO WIPER SWITCH
Fig. 3. Wiring diagram of the component-board ('ON'POLEji EARTH
/(c)
COMPONENTS...
Resistors
Rl 5-6kn R3 loon R5 2-2kn 5«r >4
R2 22k Q R4 ISOfi
All ± 10%, j-W carbon
Potentiometer
VRI lOOkn carbon linear Fig. 4. Layout and wiring of the components mounted in
the diecast case; all interconnections should be made using
Capacitor plastic covered wire. SI and VRI are positioned to avoid
C1 80/iF elect. 16V contact with the relay and component board when the front
of the case is screwed down
Semiconductors
TRI TIS43 (unijunction) Dl, D3 OA202 trimmed to fit in the box behind the switch and potentio-
TR2 2N3704 D2 OA9I meter. If a small relay is used, the components can be
mounted in a box with internal dimensions 4iin x
Miscellaneous 2j:in x Jin. The relay is screwed to the box at one end
RLA 12V 700t2 2 pole change-over relay (Key- and wired up using flexible plastics covered wire. The
switch type MH2) rest of the components are mounted on the board as
SI single pole on-off toggle switch shown in Fig. 3. Layout is not critical but an arrange-
Perforated s.r.b.p. (3in x 2^in) and solder pins
Die cast box (see text) ment which is similar to the circuit diagram makes
Control knob; 3 core SA lead; 6B.A. fixings wiring and checking easier. Taper pins are used to
anchor the component leads and the insulated wire
connections from the rest of the circuit.
PRACTICAL POINTS The prewired board is held in position by four 6B.A.
The delay time is controlled by the 100 kilohm screws (Fig. 4) and the three control leads from the
variable resistor (VRI) in series with the fixed 22 kilohm relay are brought out through a grommeted hole. A
resistor (R2). If a shorter delay is required the value of control knob and a numerical scale complete with unit.
C1 should be reduced since resistor R2 is a minimum
value for this circuit. Alternative types of unijunction FITTING DETAILS
may require different combinations of R and C but The die cast box was attached with a suitable bracket
if the time constant (RC) is kept the same the delay to the underside of the parcel shelf. A short 3 core
time will not be affected. Any adequately rated npn 5 amp lead is required to reach the rear of the wiper
switching transistor can be used with a base resistor to on/off switch and the connections are as follows:
limit the base current-*-the relay given in the com- (a) Attach a fiat female connector to the common
ponents list requires a cursent of only 17mA. It is a relay contact lead and plug it on to the back of
i2V type with two pole change over contacts connected the wiper on/off switch in place of the lead
together in parallel. As the inductive motor circuit is which goes to the parking switch.
broken by the parking switch a 2 amp rating for the ■ (b) Attach a fiat male connector to the negative and
-relay contacts is adequate and permits a smaller relay to normally closed relay contact lead and plug it
be used. into the lead disconnected in (a).
Note: connections at points "X" in Fig. .2 must be (c) Connect the positive and normally open contact
reversed for use with negative earth systems lead to the earth lead on the wiper switch—
routing the positive lead via the case and mount-
CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS ing is not recommended.
|x [k\-
The inn can be converuently built into a small •Double check these connections and then turn on the
cast vox, although any suitable container may be used. wiper control at SI. The wiper blades should remain
The frqnt of the box is drilled to take Ifae-CQntrel stationary for a short period and then execute one
potentiometer (VRI) and the on/off switch SI. The ■cqmplete sweep and stop for another short period. This
remainder of the components, except the relay, are process will repeat ad infinitunr, the length of the
^mounted on a piece of perforated s.f.btp, which is pause being varied by VRT. ' -X-
 In next month's

PRACTICAL

ELECTRONICS

-w
%
H

' H
Se
-

Hi
5S

PRACTICAL

ELECTRONICS ORGAN
Thrill to the sound of e complete family of organ tone colours in
your own home. Delight in a frequency range that encompasses
keyboard music from ' classics ' to ' pop.' Next month PRACTICAL
ELECTRONICS gives you the first of a series of articles on how to
build a professional class instrument which you will be proud to INFRA-RED
own for years to come. Designed by an acknowledged authority on
organs, it is all solid state using up-to-the-minute silicon planar BURGLAR ALARM
transistor techniques. An improved design of alarm based on
Voiced to produce the sound of an authentic theatre organ, it has
two full 61-note manuals, 30 pedals and 19 stops, with the unusual modulated infra-red beam.
r
eature of separate expression pedal for both the solo and RELIABLE
accompaniment manuals to permit greater flexibility and tonal
range. Separate two-unit speaker enclosure. Optional Leslie SENSITIVE
tremulant to manuals. FAIL-SAFE ACTION
Simple unit construction enables you to complete the organ
section by section so forestalling any initial large capital outlay. The TAMPER PROOF
total cost would be of the order of £200 — the completed joh
comparable with a commercial organ costing £600 upwards. This is
the only home organ in existence with a complete 2ft top octave
providing a host of exciting new tonal combinations.

PRACTICAL 3/- May issue — on sale Monday,

April 14

ELECTRONICS
ORDER YOUR COPY NOW!

283
 r^i i
Goonhilly 2

8
a
1
t ■ k-
■ ' 11T

In January of this year the G.P.O. opened its by the first Goonhilly installation of dispensing with a
I new Goonhilly 2 global c9tnmunications radome. This practice has since been followed by most other
system. The new installation will maintain for Earth station designers. The aerial makes use of a Casse-
the Post Office a leading role as an Earth station grain configuration with a spinning horn at the apex of the
owner in the expanding system of global main reflector. The spinning feed-horn introduces a conical
communications via Intelsat III satellites. These scan of the aerial beam only at the frequency of the
satellites have facilities which provide flexible satellite beacon signal. Thus it avoids unwanted
interconnections between a multiplicity of Earth amplitude modulation of the communication carriers or
stations, each satellite can carry a total of 1,000 significant degradation of aerial efficiency for either
telephony conversations and relay one colour direction of transmission. By this means auto-tracking
television programme simultaneously. The can be achieved either by servo control of the main reflector
now outdated Early Bird satellite has facilities mounting or, within a range of about 40 minutes of arc, by
to link only two Earth stations, with 240 tele- deflection of the sub-reflector. Provision has also been
phone conversations or one television ms Je for control of the aerial manually and for the
programme. . addition of tape control facilities later, if required.
The new installation at Goonhilly was built The very weak signals from the satellite in the 40Hz
to a Post Office specification, which meets the band are amplified by a three-stage parametric amplifier,
technical requirements of the International cooled to 160K in a closed-circuit, gaseous-helium refrigera-
Telecommunications Satellite Consortium tion system, followed by a tunnel-diode amphfier. The four
(INTELSAT), at a total cost (including roads, stages have an overall gain of 40dB over the 500MHz fre-
buildings, etc.) of approximately £2m. quency band assigned for the down path from the satellite.
The 90ft diameter aerial was built by The aerial and telecommunications equipment are
Marconi who were the main contractors, controlled and monitored from a suite of consoles m the
threshold extension demodulators and certain
other equipment have been supplied and The remote control console in the main Goonhilly station
installed by GEC-AEI (Electronics) Ltd, juilding, full control of all components of the Goonhilly 2
The new aerial follows the pattern established space terminal is provided at this position
• 4 ».
.i**

C
— -J
i ll

* f

11
*0®
I-Wi ,o»
fe,° S? mm
O:
Oi
••

284 E fe
 Comprehensive testing and monitoring facilities for both Part of the transmitter cabin with an operator adjusting the
colour and black and white television signals is provided at coolant supply for the output travelling wave tube o f one of
this control console the transmitters. The local control panel in the foreground
central building. Each carrier, which may transmit up to is open to show the controls for setting up the drive unit
132 telephony channels, is monitored separately and 99-9 per cent for the complete system, which is less than
reserve equipment is switched into use automatically if a 9 hours per year out of service.
disabling fault condition arises. Faults which cause Initially Goonhilly will operate telephony circuits to only
degradlation of the service but do not interrupt it can be the USA and Canada but as more Earth stations become
located and eliminated by manual switching of their com- operational the system will expand until by 1971, Goon-
ponent sub-systems without interference with traffic. A hilly is expected to be working to 20 countries. Goonhilly
separate console enables the television service to be 1 aerial is now being refurbished to communicate with
monitored and tested. The extensive use of duplicated countries to the East and will be back in service as soon as
equipment and monitoring facilities ensures a reliability of an Intelsat III satellite is available over the Indian Ocean.

Faster TV Tubes
Production of television picture tubes at the Mullard component parts are fed by vibrating feeders to "pick-and-
" tube plant at Simonstone, Nr. Burnley has been place units which place the components on mandrels at
speeded up with the introduction of a new machine shown welding stations, an electronically controlled sequence then
below. The machine was developed and built by the takes over and the parts are assembled and eight welds are
Department of Production Engineering and Production made to produce the (grid 3) assembly.
Management of Nottingham University and is designed to On completion of the picture tubes an "ageing" process
assemble part of the electron gun automatically has to be carried out before the tubes are dispatched. This
The electron gun is a precision sub-assembly comprising process is carred out at the Mullard plant whilst the tubes
a large number of small components requiring the use of are moving around the factory on a conveyor. The still
highly-skilled female labour for assembly; this machine photograph below is from the film "Mullardability" and
automatically assembles three of the components. The shows the conveyor carrying the picture tubes
 f LOaOSPEAKERS

by P.T.Harrison

There is more to achieving high fidelity reproduction Increases in the overall efficiency were achieved by
from a loudspeaker system than just matching its arranging for the resonance of the diaphragm to be
electrical impedance characteristic to that of the in the frequency range over which the unit was used.
amplifier. Apart from electro-acoustic efficiency, The Brown loudspeaker (Fig. lb) dispensed with the
mechanical loading of the moving element is a telephone receiver and used instead a spun aluminium
significant factor in obtaining an acceptable aural diaphragm driven by an electro-magnetically motivated
response free from distortion and disturbing resonances. reed. The reed was fixed at one end (Fig. 2), whilst
The loudspeaker can be likened to a transmitting the remaining end was free to move under the influence
aerial but with polar response related to audio fre- of a magnetic field produced by a coil. The apex
quencies. Horns or baffles act as deflectors to obtain of the diaphragm was secured to the reed, which
certain directional properties and avoid frequency acted as a "mechanical transformer".
cancellation effects. Acoustic impedance matching is The response of this unit shosved a marked improve-
another factor to be considered. ment upon the response of the units which used a
This article traces the history of development of telephone type receiver, but was in many ways inferior
electro-acoustic receiving transducers, then goes into to the response of the direct radiator loudspeakers that
the main features of the moving coil loudspeaker with were to follow.
particular emphasis on solving some of these problems. A further drive mechanism, which when horn loaded
gave favourable results, was incorporated in the ribbon
HORN LOADED LOUDSPEAKERS loudspeaker. A corrugated aluminium foil ribbon was
The earliest type of electro-acoustic receiver was that suspended in the gap between the poles of a powerful
using an electromagnet with moving metallic magnet.
diaphragm, still in use in principle today in telephones An electric current was caused to flow through the
and headphones. The efficiency is poor due to the ribbon, thus giving rise to a magnetic field which
difference in mechanical impedance between the interacted with the field produced by the permanent
diaphragm and the air. See Fig. la. magnet and consequently caused the ribbon to move.
Attempts were made to match these impedances The movements of the air surrounding the ribbon were
by attaching a conical horn to electro-magnetic receiver coupled, via an exponential horn, to the outside air.
(Fig. la), the horn acting as an acoustic transformei This form of unit is still produced, but is used mainly
between the low impedance of the air and the high as a tweeter to reproduce frequencies above 2,000Hz.
impedance of the stiff diaphragm of the telephone type The low mass and low impedance, in conjunction
of receiver. It was soon discovered that an with a high value of Young's Modulus for aluminium,
exponentially shaped horn gave better results, especially make the speaker particularly suitable for the repro-
in the low frequency range. Sound waves propagated duction of high frequencies. (The value of Young's
along the axis of an exponential horn are not distorted, Modulus for a given material, determines the degree of
as reflections from the wall of the horn are in phase with stress that the material will withstand before fracture,
the propagated waves. Fig. 1c illustrates an example of i.e. Young's Modulus equals the ratio of longitudinal
such a unit. stress to longitudinal strain.) A powerful magnet is
The efficiency of the horn loaded loudspeaker was required to produce a high magnetic field strength
limited at the lower frequencies by the size of the horn. across the gap in which the ribbon is situated.
286
 ELECTROSTATIC LOUDSPEAKERS
The simplest form of electrostatic loudspeaker com-
prises two large flat metal plates mounted closely
together. A potential difference developed across the
plates causes a force to be exerted between the plates. Fig. 2. Simplified
A d.c. polarising voltage is usually required, in addition illustration of the
to the alternating voltage signal provided from the reed drive mechan- Diepbnga
audio amplifier.
In its earlier development stages, it was difficult to
obtain a wide frequency response compatible with low
distortion; - sensitivity was relatively low. However,
some commercial concerns have in recent years applied
specialised techniques to these shortcomings to provide Fig, 3. Celestion
effective and sometimes competitive results over a wide Loudspeaker; early
frequency range. direct radiator
loudspeaker
DIRECT RADIATOR LOUDSPEAKERS
The direct radiator loudspeaker superseded the 'i
large exponential horn, the diaphragm being coupled
directly to the air. Various systems were used to drive
the diaphragm, including a reed as in the Brown loud-
speaker. Unless the mechanical arrangements of the
reed mechanism is critically controlled, severe amplitude
distortion could result. Coflt
wtpnttioo
One method of reducing this distortion is to use a
balanced armature system (as in the modern lightweight
telephone receiver), in which the reed is pivoted at its
centre and attached, via a rod, to a cone. The reed
moves under the influence of the magnetic field pro- Ho^xt
duced by two coils. An example of this form of loud- omrnilj
speaker is illustrated in Fig. 3. *Dte«caf
The most popular form of direct radiator loudspeaker
is the moving-coil loudspeaker, early examples of which
were produced by Magnavox and Rice Kellogg.
The main functional components of the moving-coil Fig. 4. Cross section through Votnaftwioo
e* coil
loudspeaker are an electrical conductor in the form of a a typical moving coil loud-
coil, suspended in a strong magnetic field produced by a speaker. Notice the suspen-
powerful magnet (Fig. 4), and attached to a large sion arrangements
diaphragm (cone), which is free to move under the
influence of the forces exerted upon the coil as a result of
the current through it.
Early types of moving-coil loudspeaker employed an
electromagnetic field usually powered from the h.t.
line, but this was later replaced by a permanent magnet.

(b) Brown reed

(a) Telephone receiver with (c) Amplion ex- (d) Sterling direct
receiver conical horn (e) Western Electric
ponential horn radiator direct radiator
Fig. I. Group of early moving iron loudspeakers (Crown copyright. Science Museum, London)

287
Unlike the loudspeaker shown in Fig. 4 all the early
moving-coil loudspeakers were fitted with a front
"spider" suspension system attached to the magnet for
centring the coil in the air gap. The efficiency of a
loudspeaker fitted with a front spider tends to be
reduced at low frequencies, whilst at higher frequencies
severe peaks in the response become prominent. The
overall aural effect is rather harsh. Present-day types
(Fig. 4) employ a corrugated foil or fabric suspension
system behind the cone.
The popularity of the moving-coil loudspeaker is due,
in the main, to the ease of construction and use, smaller
space requirements, and the much improved frequency
response; the latter is limited mainly by the dynamic
characteristics in relation to the air mass which the cone
has to move, and the side effects of wave propagation
between front and rear. Fig. 5 illustrates an
example of a modern moving-coil loudspeaker.
The main problems in any ideal audio system are
concerned with the prevention of unwanted distortion
and the maintenance of a reasonably flat frequency
response throughout the audio frequency range. The
loudspeaker is probably the most difficult part of the
reproducing chain in which to achieve anything Fig. 5. Modern form of moving-coil loudspeaker
approaching perfection. Let us now look at the manufactured by Wharfedale
problems involved and see if they can be sorted out.

FREQUENCY RESPONSE
The response of a loudspeaker should not be con- /u
fused with its efficiency. The efficiency of a loud-
speaker is determined by the ratio of the sound power rA r1
output to the electrical power input. The frequency V
response of a loudspeaker is a measure of the sound
pressure produced at a specific position in the surround- \
ing medium (usually in line with the axis of the cone)
due to a known electrical input at a given frequency. \
The acoustic conditions, under which the test is per-
formed, should also be specified. If the loudspeaker
were non-directional there would be no differentiation \
between the efficiency characteristic and the frequency KO «0 UOKOOOO 20G0 4CC0 WC« 1000 10000 (2000 HOQO
response characteristic.
A reasonably flat average response over a frequency
range can be achieved with a direct radiator, moving- Fig. 6. Frequency response to be expected with a
coil loudspeaker. (The term average is used because the typical lOin moving coil loudspeaker mounted on an
speaker should respond to transients, see later.) The infinite baffle
main problems are concerned with maintaining the
response at both ends of the audio frequency range and
reducing peaks in the response which occur at both low
and high frequencies.
The mass of the vibrating system of a moving-coil
loudspeaker, at low frequencies, may be regarded as
equal to the sum of the mass of the voice coil and the
mass of the cone ; the compliance of the system may be
considered as being the resultant of the compliance of
the supports of the coil and cone.
The mass of a mechanical system is analogous to the
inductance of an electrical system, whereas the
compliance of a mechanical system is analogous to the
capacitance of an electrical system. Consequently, as
in an electrical system, the inherent mass and com-
pliance of a mechanical system produce a fundamental
resonance based on these two factors.

RESONANCE
The fundamental bass resonance of a moving-coil
loudspeaker is an important factor. For a typical
12in diameter loudspeaker this bass resonance can occur Fig. 7. Dual-cone loudspeaker manufactured by
around 30Hz, whereas for an Sin diameter loudspeaker Wharfedale
the resonant frequency can be 60Hz or higher.
288
 Fig. 6 shows the frequency response curve for a through the coil, which in turn causes the driving force
typical lOin diameter loudspeaker. The fall-off in to be reduced. To maintain the response at higher
response of the moving-coil loudspeaker at low fre- frequencies requires a reduction in the mass of the
quencies is due, in part, to the inability to match the voice coil; this can be achieved by using a coil wound
output of the loudspeaker to the surrounding air. with aluminium instead of copper.
This problem can be partially overcome in a variety of Apart from utilisation of various' forms of cabinet
ways. Mounting the loudspeaker in a reflex cabinet (mentioned later), a flat frequency response over a wide
(mentioned later in this article), tends to improve the range.can be achieved by using several loudspeakers,
low frequency response, whilst an exponential horn may each using a filter to reproduce a section of the audio
be -used as an "acoustic transformer", as described frequency band. The size of loudspeaker cone has a
previously. Of course, the same result can be achieved bearing on the frequency range which that loudspeaker
by using a moving-coil loudspeaker with a larger cone. can reproduce well; consequently, larger sizes are
The fundamental" bass resonance is important in the employed for low frequencies and smaller sizes for high
determination of low frequency response. Below this frequencies.
resonant frequency the response of a loudspeaker falls Instead of using more than one loudspeaker it is
off rapidly. Furthermore, unwanted harmonics are possible to incorporate two cones in one loudspeaker
produced at and around the resonant frequency. It " (Fig. 7), a mechanical arrangement being used to
would appear that the aim should be to reduce, as far as couple the two cones. At low frequencies the entire
possible, the frequency at which bass resonance occurs. system vibrates as a whole, both cones radiating
In practice, however, lowering this resonant together. At high frequencies the small cone vibrates,
frequency, by the use of a suspension with a greater without damping interference from the large cone.
deal of freedom can give rise to certain problems. The This system is generally termed dual concentric.
manufacture of such a loudspeaker tends to be very In some cases the two cones are energised from
difficult and also results in a unit whose robustness two separate voice coils, so that each can be
leaves much to be desired. The centring of the voice suitably tailored for best response within its range.
coil would be unstable and could be easily affected by
small mechanical shocks.
It is worth noting, that although the efficiency of a
moving-coil loudspeaker rises at the bass resonant
frequency, the actual increases in the response are
normally not as great. This is due to the high damping
factor of modern amplifiers, which incorporate negative
feedback. It is therefore apparent that the effects of
variations in the design, which influence the behaviour
of a moving-coil loudspeaker, are more readily observed
when the loudspeaker is driven by an amplifier without
negative feedback.

EFFECTIVE WORKING RADIUS Fig. 8. An oscillogram showing the wave-envelope of a

At low frequencies, the time taken for a displacement piano tone
of the cone, at its centre, to travel to the rim, is small
compared with the period of the signals reproduced, and TRANSIENT RESPONSE
consequently may be neglected. The cone can thus be A point often overlooked when considering the
considered to behave as a rigid surface, similar to a sound quality of a moving-coil loudspeaker, is its
vibrating piston. transient response. The transient response determines
However, at higher frequencies the cone no longer the ability of a loudspeaker to follow very rapid changes
vibrates as a whole; the amplitude of vibration of the in the amplitude of the applied signal. The normal
cone becomes smaller nearer its rim, hence causing the frequency response curve only illustrates the ability
effective working radius of the cone to be reduced. of a loudspeaker to respond to a constant sinusoidal
The overall effect is an increase in the efficiency of the signal irrespective of time.
loudspeaker at frequencies in the order of 1,000 to In practice a loudspeaker is rarely used to reproduce
2,000Hz. pure sine waves of constant amplitude, but has to be
Sharpening of the directional pattern of a moving-coil able to handle signals, the waveforms of which can be
loudspeaker is lessened by the reduction of effective of the form shown in Fig. 8. (Notice in this illustra-
cone radius which accompanies the increase in fre- tion the wave envelope of a piano tone, with its per-
quency. cussive attack and exponential decay.)
It can be seen that the reduction of effective radius at The source impedance of the amplifier used to drive
higher frequencies is a desirable feature; it may be the loudspeaker, and the flux density of the magnet
enhanced by employing a loudspeaker which has used in the loudspeaker, both determine the transient
circular corrugations formed in its cone. response of the loudspeaker, in addition to the funda-
mental bass resonance previously discussed. High
flux density in the magnet and reductions in the source
VOICE COIL impedance, by the use of negative feedback in the
Another point to be considered with regard to the amplifier, tend to improve the transient response of a
high frequency response of a moving-coil loudspeaker, moving-coil loudspeaker.
is the electrical impedance of the voice coil. This
impedance increases with frequency, consequently POWER HANDLING
causing a fall-off in the high frequency response. Another important property of a loudspeaker, is its
Increases in voice coil impedance, with a constant power handling capacity. The output of a moving-coil
applied voltage, result in a reduction of the current loudspeaker is limited by the maximum permissible

289
 resulting in a reduction of acoustic perception at tne
axial displacement of its cone. The greatest displace- listening position. This can be overcome by mounting
ments occur at low frequencies, while high frequencies the loudspeaker on a flat baffle of suitable dimensions
are damped to some degree as mentioned above. with frontal aperture. _ . ,
The loudspeaker should be designed to handle the The choice of dimensions is governed by the size ot
lowest frequency (about 16 or 32Hz for organ music) loudspeaker and required low frequency response,
without the risk of cone tearing or voice coil former the lower the frequencies to be reproduced, the larger
being damaged. An unpleasant rasping sound at low must be the baffle. However, the baffle need only be
frequencies is a sign to employ a larger loudspeaker.
Similarly distortion and vibration at medium made large enough to ensure satisfactory response
frequencies could also point to the need for a larger down to the bass resonant frequency of the loud-
loudspeaker, but not always. speaker. Beyond that frequency, no matter how large
the baffle is made, the response of the loudspeaker will
DISTORTION fall off rapidly. .. .
Most of the distortion produced by a moving-coil The use of a small baffle can also produce a dip in the
loudspeaker is due to non-linearity of the cone frequency response at higher frequencies. This is more
suspension system. This non-linearity results m the pronounced when using small loudspeakers. It may
production of harmonics and subharmomcs. tie be significantly decreased by mounting the loudspeaker
harmonic distortion as stated earlier, is predominant off-centre on the baffle.
0 1 E.M.I. elliptical
. ^.-.miimwwwwww-w- —
woofer and high
fax tweeters with
crossover unit, suit-
The "Airedale" hexag- able for a IS cu ft
onal enclosure for corners enclosure
_ designed by Wharfedale.
' Three loudspeakers are
housed inside with a half-
section three-way cross-
over separator unit.
Dimensions are 38jin x
27^in X I4in
5
A

around the fundamental bass resonant frequency, The size of a flat baffle necessary to ensure satis-
whereas the production of subharmonics due to the cone factory response is not generally practical and one must
suspension system occurs at very low frequencies and is accept a compromise by using a smaller baffle with a
not usually noticeable. The troubles associated with poorer low frequency response.
the production of subharmonics, are apparent in the
mid-frequencies where non-linearity of the cone itself TOTALLY ENCLOSED CABINET
occurs. A more satisfactory arrangement is often achieved by
Another source of distortion in the movmg-coil mounting the loudspeaker in a totally enclosed cabinet
loudspeaker is non-uniformity of the magnetic field (infinite baffle cabinet). The sound energy radiated
in which the voice coil moves. This can be over- into the surrounding air then emanates from the front of
come by employing a voice coil winding, longer than the the loudspeaker cone only, as with an infinite baffle.
air gap in which the coil is positioned, thus ensuring that The main objection to this form of cabinet is the
the whole of the voice coil winding remains in the air increase in the frequency of bass resonance of the
gap, even during maximum excursions of the coil. loudspeaker, as a result of the additional stiffness
The sources of distortion so far described also give contributed by the mass of air confined within the
rise to another form of distortion, known as inter- cabinet. This causes the response at low frequencies to
modulation distortion. Intermodulation distortion begin falling off at a higher frequency than if the loud-
occurs when the simultaneous reproduction of any two speaker were mounted on an infinite baffle.
frequencies results in the production of another This may be partially overcome in one of two ways;
frequency. This form of distortion is reduced by by increasing the volume of the cabinet, thus reducing
ensuring that the cone suspension system behaves, as the additional stiffness, or by using a loudspeaker with a
far as possible, in a linear manner, and that non- lower bass resonant frequency (i.e. a loudspeaker
uniformity of the magnetic field is eliminated, in the suspension with greater freedom).
manner already described. The sound energy radiated from the back of the cone
still produces undesirable effects, in this instance
BAFFLE causing, at certain frequencies, standing waves to be
The sound energy radiated from the back of the cone set up within the cabinet. This results in unwanted
of a moving-coil loudspeaker is 180 degrees out of dips and peaks in the frequency response, but can be
phase with the sound energy radiated from the front. significantly reduced by lining the interior surfaces of
If, therefore, a loudspeaker is not mounted on a baffle the cabinet with a layer of sound absorbent material
board, or in a cabinet of some form, the sound energy (e.g. fibre glass, cotton wool, etc.). This reduces the
radiated from the back of the cone will interfere with magnitude of the standing waves and also decreases the
the sound energy from the front of the cone, thus peak in the response at the bass resonant frequency.

290
 OPEN-BACKED CABINET
One of the simplest ways of mounting a loudspeaker,
is m an open-backed cabinet. This is a suitable way of
applying a "folded" baffle where space is limited. NEWS BRIEFS
Here once again, sound energy radiated from the back
of the loudspeaker cone combines with sound energy
radiated from the front of the cone to produce a rapid
fall-off in the response below the fundamental resonant I '
frequency of the cabinet.
The cabinet resonance, is in itself troublesome, as it -
introduces an unwanted peak in the frequency response
However, by arranging for the bass resonant frequency
of the loudspeaker to be lower than that for the cabinet, RAT Cff
a smooth and extended low frequency response may be
achieved. Standing-waves are not a problem due to the
air pressure flexibility at the rear.
—
REFLEX CABINET
The use of a reflex cabinet enables the sound energy
radiated from the back of the cone of a loud-
speaker to be added, in phase, with the sound
energy radiated from the front, thereby increasing
the output at lower frequencies.
The reflex cabinet comprises essentially, an enclosed
cabihet with a vent aperture situated below the loud-
speaker aperture. At high frequencies the vent has no
significant effect and the cabinet behaves as a totally
enclosed cabinet. The interior of the cabinet must
therefore be lined with a sound absorbent material to Talking Books Conversion for New Cassette
avoid the presence of standing waves. THE. British Talking Book Service for the Blind
At low frequencies, sound energy, radiated from the administered by the R.N.I.B. is now rapidly expanding
back of the cone, after undergoing a phase shift of due to the development of the Mark IV type tape cassette.
180 degrees, emanates from the vent, thereby reinforcing Lis cassette, which is very much smaller than has hitherto
the sound energy, radiated into the surrounding air been used contains up to 13 hours of recording time,
from the front of the cone. s cond on a in
At frequencies below the resonant frequency of the ot the MklV have ®brought , about
i ^pe. New features
the development of a
cabinet, however, this phase shift rapidly decreases and small portable machine (shown below) that has largely
superseded the larger Mkl version. Transistors are
the air in the vent tends to move in phase with that at employed to amplify the tape signal and, in the case of the
the back of the cone. The resultant response due to student5 library, to give audible signals at high speed for
radiation from the vent and from the front of the cone last chapter location.
produces the poor low frequency response associated „.^iIst there fre still large quantities of Mkl machines
with a small baffle at frequencies below cabinet which are expected to offer another 10 years of service, they
resonance. must be made capable of replaying both Mkl and MklV
cassettes.
CONSTRUCTION OF LOUDSPEAKER i^^Tx?peciaI
Mkiv
ada tor has
cassette toP be playedbeen
on developed to enableafter
the Mkl machine, the
CABINETS minor modifications to the machine as shown above
In the preceding paragraphs the walls of the cabinet , Due tothe rapid expansion of the Talking Book Service
have been assumed to provide a definite boundary for Tt6 250oftitles and 6,000 new members each mechanics
year) the
the sound waves. In practice, careful attention has to problem voluntary installation and service
be paid to the choice of cabinet wall dimensions to avoid is becoming acute in many parts of the United Kingdom.
vibrations of the cabinet itself. This is more important Persons who are willing to give occasional help on a
voluntary basis to enable blind people to use the Talking
tor totally enclosed and reflex cabinets, where high Book machine and assist with repairs would be gratefully
pressures may be set up with the cabinet. acknowledged Further information and offers should be
Additional rigidity of the cabinet walls can be addressed to The Manager British Talking Book Service
achieved by using cavity walls filled with sand. These
are constructed by spacing two stout wooden sheets: Middlesex Pleasant, Alperton, Wembley,
say im to lin apart, and filling the cavity with dry sand
e\ en better results can be achieved by constructing the
cabinet of concrete or bricks.
More precise details of cabinet dimensions are not
given here because they should be matched where
possible to the loudspeaker to be used. Manufacturers'
literature should be consulted or alternatively some
text books may offer guidance.

ACKOWLEDGEMENTS
The author wishes to acknowledge Rank Wharfedale
Ltd. and Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. for assistance in
compiling this article. ^
i

u
 BETTER RECEPTION The advanced kit introduces com-
Now that colour television pro- ponents associated with automation
grammes are in full swing and more equipment, and contains power driver
people are taking delivery of colour mnRKEf units, photo cells, Zener diodes,
television receivers, Belling-Lee Ltd., thyristors, unijunction transistors,
decided to develop a pre-ampiifier etc.
which would improve colour, black Handbooks supplied with the kits
and white, and stereo f.m. radio clearly outline the fundamentals of
reception. The result of these PIKE logic and automation and give a good
developments is the Concord pre- introduction to computer work.
amplifier which is claimed to give a lumi mtntmntd in this latturt art usually Most items can be purchased
signal amplification of approximately •vaibblt from clactrontc •quipmant and eom- separately and further details can be
four times. ponant ratailan advartitinf in this matazina. obtained from, Geatronix Ltd., 28,
Designed to operate on all tele- How. ar, whara a full addrass is (Ivan,
anquiriatand erdars should than ba madadiract Redstock Road, Southend-on-Sea,
vision channels and f.m. radio band, to tha firm concamad. Essex.
the Concord is an ultra broad band Another product aimed at educa-
pre-amplifier which boosts the in- tion is the Pidam range of teaching
coming signal giving better picture modules from West Hyde Develop-
quality, sharpening contrast, reducing ments Ltd.
"snowstorm" noise effects, and, on These modules are digital and
colour sets, gives better colour analogue plug-in devices which can
quality. be used to make up demonstration
The pre-amplifier is ideally suited models, and can be used to construct
for fringe areas and is easily installed teaching machines which can be
by simply hooking the moulded grey loaded with questions and answers in
case, measuring Sin x 3+in x 24in, elementary physics.
onto the rear of the television or radio Further details can be obtained
receiver. Plugging the aerial lead into from. West Hyde Developments Ltd.,
the input socket, inserting a screened 30 High Street, Northwood,
link lead between the pre-amplifier Middlesex.
output socket and receiver aerial
input socket, and connecting the
mains lead to the supplies completes
the installation.
Power consumption is very small, SOLDER
approximately the same as an electric A handy size dispenser for solder
clock, and the recommended selling has just been introduced by Multicore
price is £7 7s. Solders Ltd., Hemel Hempstead,
Once installed, it is claimed no Hertfordshire. The new, pen size
further adjustments are necessary. pack contains 21ft of 60/40 Ersin
Belling-Lee ultra broad band pre- 5-core solder and is ideal for the tool
amplifier box, and for use when soldering small
LOGIC KIT
To meet the needs of electronic £8 16s; the senior, price £17 12s; components, fine wires and printed
project work in schools amongst circuit work.
and the advanced kit, price £26 8s. The dispenser is known as size 15,
students of all ages, Geatronix Ltd., The junior kit contains seven nor
have developed the Norkit range of costs 3s and is claimed to be designed
logic circuits, two output units, diodes, so that the solder cannot fall back
electronic kits. lampholders and lamps, push buttons,
The basic building brick is a nor inside the container. If the reader
reed switch and magnet, capacitors only requires enough solder for the
logic module which, together with the and resistors and all necessary inter-
other exponents supplied, enables odd repair, then possibly the size
the rapid assembly of a sequential connecting wires and solder. 2 pack will suffice. This is a larger
control system for any automatic The senior kit contains 12 nor logic gauge 5-core solder contained in an
units, three bistable circuits, three envelope with full soldering instruc-
device. output units, microswitch, and a
There are three Norkit ranges at tions printed on the back. The size
larger selection of all components 2 pack costs 6d and contains
the moment: the junior, price supplied with the junior version. enough solder for 80 average joints.

Junior logic kit manufactured by Geatronix Jolder dispenser Pidam logic modules produced by
from Multicore West Hyde Developments
Solders
MORE • SOLDER
mi PxAom
n
WWHi ■ m m
^ia5Pr-i Pidam
M!
1 ERSI
E-Sgs

IxrtSA
. Ciiv- -

292
 CRYSTAL HOLDERS 2-5 kilohms to 160 kilohms, measurea
Constructors may be interested in at one foot candle.
the range of Augat crystal holders Spectral response covers the normal
marketed by Elecfrosil Ltd., Pallion CdS range peaking at 0-55 microns,
Trading Estate, Sunderland, Co. similar to that of the human eye.
Durham and available from some All devices have a power rating of
retail stockists. 200 milliwatts at 25 degrees centi-
Crystals may be easily inserted or grade. Maximum peak voltage is
removed without any adjustments to rated at 250V a.c. or d.c.
latches or screws, and once inserted it Any further information can be
is claimed that the crystal will not obtained from Hird-Brown Ltd.,
shake loose under severe vibrations. Lever Street, Bolton, Lancashire.
Developed to take crystal sizes
HC-6/U, HC-13/U and sub-miniature
type HC-25/U, the holders are easily NSL48I photocell from Hird-Brown
bolted onto any chassis, and the LITERATURE
solder terminals are completely in- Colleges and evening institutes Lektrokit Cardie
sulated. may be interested in a booklet 24 i.e. mounting
A 5-pin TOS outline relay socket is published by Milliard Educational board by A.P.T,
also available from Electrosil Ltd., Service describing an aid for teaching Electronic In-
and can be supplied for printed counting systems and logic functions. dustries
circuit board or chassis mounting. Entitled A Digital Integrated
Circuit Training Aid (DICTA), the
FINGER TOOLS booklet describes a system using
The items in our photograph integrated circuits and indicator
(bottom right) are not stick-on claws lamps that can be easily arranged to
to even up the sexes but finger tools make 100 different types of counter
useful for miniature electronic and shift register.
assembly work. This is achieved by rearranging
Known as Deli-Cut tools they, simple patching links made with
consist of miniature cutters, tweezers copper-plated split pins. The equip-
and positioners. The tools are ment can also be used to demonstrate
attached to the finger tips by a self- the logic functions of various types of
adhesive band and worked by the gate and combination of gates as
thumb. A different tool can be found in adders and decoders.
carried on each finger, if necessary. Copies of the booklet can be
Marketed by Henri Picard and obtained free, from Mullard Educa-
Frere Ltd., 34 Furnival Street, tional Service, Mullard House, Tor-
London, E.C.4., the tools are steel rington Place, London, W.C.I.
hardened and vary in shapes and Readers of Hi Fi News will know
cutting angles. just what to expect in their Audio
Annual 1969—the fourth edition to
IC CARD be published by Link House
A printed board designed specially Publications. It looks very much like
to accept integrated circuits is now a fat edition of the above journal
available from A.P.T. Electronic with layout and presentation in the c
Industries Ltd., Chertsey Road, same style. o o
Byfleet, Surrey. All this is by the way—most
Designated Cardie 24 (part number audiophiles will be looking for the
LK-3121), 24 dual in-line (14 or 16 usual run-down of audio equipment
leads) integrated circuits can be test reports and reviews that have
mounted on one card. Printed appeared over the last year. For
power supply copper tracks run to those about to embark on a spending .rp ■ ii
each i.e. and a 24-way input/output spree and want to know more about
edge connector provides plug-in what has come onto the market Augat 5-pin TOS relay socket from
facilities. during this period, this Annual could Electrosil
The cards are designed specifically be 7s 6d well spent.
to achieve simplicity of i.e. insertion A regular group of consultant
and removal without undue damage contributors have provided some
to the wiring or device. light hearted and serious articles on
the general aspects of hi fi, including
These cards are also supplied as a survey of progress over the past
part of a kit assembly, Lektrokit 50 years.
No. 10, which includes the com- m
ponents for a complete rack mounting This annual contains 132 pages
including 50 pages of advertisements
framework with 12 sockets and for • current equipment. It is
guides for £23 10s. available from most large newsagents.
Available from distributors of
PHOTO CELL International Rectifier components
A new range of CdS photocon- are a range of charts giving detailed
ductive cells are now being distributed operating characteristics for
by Hird-Brown Ltd. Complimenting thyristors, triacs and unijunctions;
the existing lin, iin and iin diameter low power and Zener diodes; voltage
devices these additional cells are surge protectors, high power diodes
packaged in TOS outline encapsula- and rectifier assemblies.
tions. Further details of nearest IR dis-
Described as types NSL481 to tributors can be obtained from
NS484 and NSL487, they offer twice International Rectifier Co. Ltd., Hurst Deli-Cut tools marketed by Henri
the power ratings and values cover Green, Oxted, Surrey. Picard and Frire
293
 RECOGIMITIOIS)

fpl

yni BY B.C.BROWN
M.S.H.A.A., A.M.R.S.H,
Actual hardware versions of the edge and bug stable plus a nand gate. Its operation is most easilv
property detectors mentioned in our last dis- seen if we install a pair of eyes (photo-cells) in the
cussion really 'eat up' photo-cells in the number device, so that it can "observe".
required to do the job. Such devices additionally For the sake of example we may assume that the
demand well matched and sensitive receptors; so even monostable as shown in Fig. 6.1 has a period of
if we had decided upon using, say, ORPI 2's the'total cost O-T seconds. Now if a moving light, or even a bright
could have been extremely high. Unfortunately too, object, passes photo-cell XI the monostable will be
most cheap photo transistors are inappropriate in that triggered. If during the lime the monostable is in this
they are light sensitive only from the side of the glass quasi-stable condition the moving object passes X2, the
envelope—the requirements being that a group of output from the gate will change from 1 to 0 permitting
eceptors be mounted together so that they may be this output to appear up to the time that the monostable
exposed to illumination end-on. reverts to its stable state. On the other hand, if X2
We will therefore '"keep our expensive ideas to receives the stimulus the monostable has "switched
ourselves and look 'at some equally interesting back", or indeed if it never gets stimulated, the output
property detectors which require fewer receptor will remain unchanged.
elements. (While in the meantime we can only hope Such a device, though crude, could be used to classify
that manufacturers will make an attempt to equalise the "fast'' and "slow" moving objects. How "slow" and
scandalous price differential between their transistors how ,"fast" we of course do not know, except that the
and photo-sensitive devices). speed of movement was either above or below
Unlike, some of the previous examples which were 0-7 seconds. We cannot be certain either that the
based more upon inductions from physiological data, stimulus at X2 was caused by the same object! Never-
the property detectors we shall considec-now will tend
to be of the invented kind. The first is shown in theless, it is possible to improve the scheme a great deal
Fig. 6.1. by employing more classifiers.

A^CRUDE FORM OF SIMULATION MORE ADVANCED DETECTOR

he notion we have here is one which, although In Fig. 6.2 the scheme is a little more ambitious, for
fundamentally simple, could prove to be quite not only ^does it break the classifications into "fast",
medium', and "slow"; but also permits observation of
advantageous if utilised in certain automata. One objects from either direction and additionally tells us
aspect of a higher animal's abilities is that which the direction. (Fig. 6.1 was strictly "one-way only".)
permits it to judge the speed of objects moving in This improved property detector operates in much
relation to itself. Just how this is performed in the the same way as the previous example, except that now
biological brain is a matter for further research and we have three monostables in each side. Now each
contemplation. However, in the diagram we see the monostable in a group has a different period; so if, as
basis for a method of obtaining a form of crude • before, XI "saw" the approaching object first, then all
simulation. The basic scheme includes just one mono- the monostables in the associated group would turn on.

The design and construction of electronic "animals" or machines with artificial intelligence

294

—
 We can arrange to do this by mutually inhibiting each
XI group of monostables with the output from the opposite
X2 ►OUTPUT "slow" element. The machine will now be incapable of
looking at anything else until the sampling time is over.
©-zri> Unfortunately, there is no easy way of overcoming this
Fig. 6.1. A crude form of property detector for judging fault of "working backwards" once the sampling period
speed of moving objects is finished, unless we decide when it is going to "take
a look".
COMPLETE CIRCUIT
The constructor might well like to try out the device
Hedjum^ v RIGHT/ in Fig. 6.1 for himself, and so in Fig. 6.3 we see the
^LEFT circuit. The monostable used here is fairly con-
Fast ventional and is triggered if XI (an ORP12) is
4ZL illuminated. This triggering arrangement, like so many
we have used before, is unlikely to require its being
llrackof preceded by a Schmitt, because generally there is a
I object
sufficiently abrupt change in illumination at the photo
Fast sensor as to make the inclusion of a threshold element
unnecessary.
Medium LEFT/ Following the firing of the monostable, TR2 collector
RIGHT will be at almost ground potential and therefore one
Slow half of the gate, TR3, will be enabled. Hence if X2
becomes illuminated at any time during this period,
TR4 will be released with the result that the gate output
will go negative (the "O" state); thus indicating that the
Fig. 6.2, Property detector for judging direction and speed
of passing objects

RIO
OUTPUT
'W
2-2 kfl
47kU Hh
ZOpF ^ TR3 TR4

0C71 i
0C71 0C7i 0C7t D-OSpF
II
O'OSjiF
ORPtf
ORPiZ

Fig. 6.3. Circuit diagram for property detector outlined in Fig. 6.1

(Notice that the gates at the outputs of the "slow" and

medium" speed monostables have inhibitory con- LEFT RIGHT
nectmns taken from the next shorter period element.) r ' ^ELOW
If the moving object passes X2 before the "fast" t
t LENS
monostable has reverted to its stable condition, then a « ■XJ. »{CENTRAL
. ' Wl]l appear at the output of G3. Without the N< Object >
~ position
inhibition at gates G1 and G2 a "1" would occur at A
their outputs too. Assuming the object was moving less T -4- SENSORS
quickly, the medium" or perhaps "slow" speed mono- I
0
staWe would probably "catch it", with the result that N ■ABOVE
G2 or G1 would show a "1".
As with all our schemes this one is not without its
gremlins either, because when the object passes the Fig. 6.4. Position detector employing a number of photo
second receptor all the monostables on the opposite side receptors. Each sensor delivers on output "I" if the source
will lire too! Thus, it is only necessary for a further of illumination Is obscured by an object
object to enter the machine's purview from the same lighted object passing across the field of view was
direction to elicit a false response from G4, G5 or G6. travelling at a rate faster than the period of the mono-
This problem can, to a large extent, be overcome by
playing a waiting game" with the "slow" or longest stable. So far as the machine is concerned, the
period monostables. apparent" rate of the object will depend on the distance
between the sensors.
295
 SENSORS Just as we perform these transformations, the machine
OH-
discussed is in principle doing the same sort of thing:
O CIO*; it however converts length to voltage. These voltages
although already quantised into relatively discrete
? "bits" by virtue of the all-or-nothing characteristic of
each sensor, need to be referred to some standard value
if meaningful information is to be obtained. This can
be achieved quite simply by taking each summer output
to a circuit like that in Fig. 6.6.
STANDARDISATION CIRCUIT
Consider the case where the image of an object
measuring an inch just activates two receptors, and we
Summer Summer require to set this as our standard. The summer output
output output at this time may also be causing the standardisation
circuit to return an output as well, so this level must be
backed-off at VR1 until it is reduced to zero. Then for
SUMMER SUMMER lesser or greater outputs from a summer, there will be
corresponding positive or negative levels appearing at
the output of the standardisation unit. It will thereby
Fig. 6.5. Device for determining length of passing object give an approximation to the size of an object in
relation to some definite dimension.
POSITION DETECTOR
In addition to establishing the rates of moving From
objects, there are other factors of which the machine
could be made aware without involving a great deal of 5.6U1. OUtDlit
difficulty. Assuming an object moved into the field of 5-6
view then it would be distinctly advantageous if its kn
spatial position could be determined. To achieve this m
5(cQ
the minimum number of photo receptors required is
likely to be about five, see Fig. 6.4. However, these Set
Standard
five receptor elements are certain to be called upon to +*e
perform other functions as well, so the initially some-
what large number would be justified. Fig. 6.6 Standardisation c/r- Fig. 6,7. A basic
The device in Fig. 6.4 has a number of drawbacks, cuit for use in conjunction summation circuit
one in particular being the existence of blind spots with the device shown in
between receptors. This effect can be reduced by Fig. 6.5
either decreasing the size of the central receptor, so
bringing the remaining elements closer together, or Apart from physical length, property detectors can be
alternatively increasing the overall number of receptors. designed which determine the duration of an event—or
Nevertheless in view of the relative crudeness of the perhaps the length of one event in relation to another.
device certain disadvantages must be expected. The number of devices which can accomplish this are
manifold; the simplest though usually rely upon the
DETERMINING LENGTH necessary summation being performed by linearly
Up till now we have assumed that the object within charging a capacitor. An arrangement allied to this
the machine's purview has been "seen" only by one (though not strictly linear), was seen in the "learning"
receptor at a time; suppose though that two, or circuit discussed in the third article of this series.
perhaps three, elements become stimulated. This
information could (depending upon the distance of the SUMMATION DEVICE
object) be used to obtain a rough idea of the object's A basic example of a device which will linearly sum
length. To overcome the distance problem, and the duration of input events is shown in Fig. 6.7. An
because the blessing of stereoscopic vision is not being "event" of course will constitute the length of time a
considered, we must cheat just a little by standardising current flows into the base of the transistor. Now
the distance at which objects pass the machine. providing this current remains substantially constant,
If all the passing objects now have this standard the capacitor will charge linearly towards earth
distance, we could arrange a device like that in Fig. 6.5. potential. The actual charge that it finally acquires
This utilises Kirchhoff resistive summing networks will largely depend upon its capacity and the duration of
driven from the receptors. When an object stimulates ' the charging current. Thus the voltage E appearing
just one receptor a certain voltage will appear at the across the capacitor will be equal to A/C; where I is
output from the summer; but if more than one receptor the charging current, t the time taken to reach this
is active then the output level will increase accordingly. voltage, and C the value of the capacitor.
Depending then on the length of the object, the summer Jt should be remembered that in reading-out the level
will return either a greater or a smaller output. across the capacitor, only a very high impedance must
Generally, when we think of a particular length (it be applied. Without this precaution the accuracy of
might be one inch), if asked to describe it or perhaps any data would be seriously impaired. To meet this
draw a line of about the same length, we have little need the output is generally fed into an emitter follower,
difficulty. We do not possess "odd inches" of "yards" or better still, a Darlington "triplet". Once the
of some fictitious stuff in our heads, but the ability information has been read, the capacitor can be dis-
to convert realistically none-the-less exists. charged and so made available for further use.
296
HEATH KIT for a Hobby

that's Fun and Fascinating

Building Heathkit models is so easy. THE CONSTRUCTION MANUAL SHOWS YOU HOW!
Easy to understand instructions and large, clear
pictorials illustrate clearly the step-by-step pro-
cedure for enjoying a fascinating hobby that takes
you away from the 'workaday' routine. There's
also the thrill when you switch on and experience
that exhilarating sense of self accomplishment,
(5 knowing that you've done something you doubted
you could ever do.

FOR EXAMPLE

v/

BATH
• IE Xr\rn
^s^atai Tic
CATALOGUE
1968/69
This
STEREO RECORD PLAYER
IS SO EASY TO BUILD
it Completely assembled and finished cabinet-
no gluing or covering required.
Up to 50% it Completely assembled Record Changer deck.
fooC; savings Simply drop in and connect a few wires.
over it Only a few components to mount on one printed-
cy circuit board.
factory-built it Two 8" x 5" speakers, easily mounted.
equipment it Takes only a few hours to build.
OVER 25«
DIFFERENT it Suitcase portability.
MODELS ALL FOR ONLY nQQ C ft KIT SRP-1
dU AO ■ D ■ U P. & P. 10/6
Choice of blue/grey or red/grey colour scheme.
(Please state preference)

Send for the FREE CATALOGUE

AND MAKE YOUR SELECTION FROM A WIDE RANGE
The latest Heathkit 36-page full colour catalogue contains details of models for the
Hi-Fi and Audio Enthusiast, the Music Lover, the Tape Recordist and the Hobbyist,
models for Communication, Test and Servicing, Amateur Radio and Short Wave
Listening models for Educational Establishments and Industry. No matter what your
vocation, there is something for you in this catalogue.
|Mn m mm ■» ■■ m
FREE | DAYSTROM LTD.
FACTORY CONSULTATION Dept. PE.4, GLOUCESTER GL2 SEE
SERVICE i
I Please send me FREE Heathkit Catalogue
Heathkit maintain a staff of skilled
technical correspondents to advise, I NAME.. "
help, and answer any questions about
selection, construction and use of I
ADDRESS
your model. This service is free. A I
speedy factory repair service is also at ■
your command should you ever need it. L.
SHOWROOMS; LONDON, 233 Tottenham Court Road BIRMINGHAM, St. Martin's House GLOUCESTER, Factory

291
 the mosaic of a Vidicon display, k. Is
order to (^no^taoSpSSfrom STdTy^prSSS^^^^ <0» ",enS,Ve
duration of one ^ent with anothej,^ buffer
two summation devices can^t will then give
use in this application.
SSioo rf1SEree of parky eris.ing between .be
two inputs.
recognition devices, a h with memories for
been fbieved by endowmg^m^ ^ form of
several forms
recognition stilloffalls
typetac .
very short human capabilities
ot numan ^ decipher in
this field. With conasnu,mXrs eTher lost in a back-
Research which has been airned at chscoven Z sloppy handwriting and lette s eitner^ a iack of
means for thieving mach ne r^ogn.tv ^
of alpha-numerics, i.e. ]ast. 20 years.

m^^n^has many problems^ndeedd merits dis_

challenge than a vam hope.

SS'S m some -nd-f fo°. and
performed may be mafnuined substantially simple and 6
Ttefr^InkkSgumen..her.
eC 0 C of really sophisticated Pa"e™ cla ^m'etrical figure or
Z Tx ample of a scanning process still currently fact that every pattern whether a geo function
used in some recognition ^V^ter'T' The
Mprp is seen the result of scanning tne ieuei j.
a
particular pattern could have l°|^a J3" "o". In
ismmim
Ca
^hprlSnerocessetofr' readout from the receptors is »ist •
"^s^rr^mSSkWds
be capable of generalising to a "r'a™ "ten^n ..co„s"
siiSSSiMl essential since, for example, no two B s ot eve
employed for interrogating the images projected on to

therefore has quite definite invariants by

which it can generally be recognised.^ fi es as

squaKS^'whic^h rotated' 45 degrees becQme diamond^,

^nd with moderate distortion can take on the f
"t-
t rectangles or -en Parallelogram^
Fig. 6.8. A scanning process used in some character recog- fh^letter a times" signfor^Tfrotated45 degrees,
nit/on systems

Total circumferenK of scansion K^mSh^sssr^r^

Sensors attached to SS t'o0 ™ mmS ^ m Sf ?orma,„

the bng arms fold- accepted direction of travel.
out on each scan

The machine's ability to perform in this way is iarge y

Fiff 6 9 A circular scan system used by one type .of deoendent on the method of scansion and the place
machine designed to recognise line drawings (lef ) p ment of its receptors during this process, see Fig. 6. .
pattern when scanning a triangle
298
 RADIO ELECTRIC TIME SWITCH Haiti Paiposetests
Heoainsulation,
Teit Unit.capacity,
Robust, continuity,
useful and
STETHOSCOPE Made by Smiths these are a.c. mains operated, NOT instructive,
Easiest way toaerial
laulttofind—trace? CLOCKWORK resistor, volume controls, also acts as signal
signal from speaker—
when signal stops you've found can be built intoideal for mounting
box with J3A socket. on rack or shelf or
Two completely injector, and L.T. fault finder, kit comprises
indicator, 4-way wafer switch, ebonite tubes, neon
the lault. Use it on Radio, TV. adjustable
contacts time periods per 24 hours. 5 amp changeover resistors-condensers, terminals, etc., with dia-
amplifier,
kit comprisesanything—complete
two special transis- periods. will 59/6,switch
post andcircuitins.on4/6.or off during these
Additional time gram, only 9/0, plus 2/- post and insurance.
Tuning
tors and all parts including probe contacts 10/- pair. variableCondenser,
2/6 ea. 24;-Solid doz. di-electric, -0005. mfd.
tubeandcrystal earpiece. 29/6— A.E.I. Fractional H.P. Motor.1/40200/250V
twin stethoset instead of ear-
piece 11/- extra —post and ins., VARYLITE enclosed, continuous rating b.p.t ex.50/60c/8
equip.
2/9. Will dim fluorescent or Incandescent lighting up to 600 watts Perfect order, 19/6, plus 4/6.
from full brilliance to out. Fitted on M.K. flush plate, same Experimenting with ultra violet? Philips TJ.V.
size and fixing as standard wall switch so may be fitted in lamp, 16/6; holder and control gear 19/8.
place of this, or mount on surface. Price complete in heavy G.E.C. Black Light
special lighting Tube watt
effects—40 for experiments
2ft. tubes only, and
MAINS MOTOR plaatic box with control knob £3,19.6. 14/6 each; holders and control gear, 19/6, plus
4/6 post.
Precision
used made—as
in .record decks Clock Motor. 230V 50c/s synchronous—self-
and tape recorders— NICAD RECHARGEABLE BATTERY starting, 6/8.
ideal also for extractor 3-6V-500mA Pentode Output Tranalormer. Standard size, 40-1,
fans, blower, heater,
etc. New and Postage
perfect. deliver 1 amphr.—size
for i hour.1J XRegular
l|in. really
price 32/6powerful will
each—our ex-equipment but OK, 4/3 each, 48/- doz. Post
paid.
-Snip nt 9/0. price 00/0 each. New and guaranteed. Other voltages E.H.T. Condenser. 0-1 mfd. 5kV, 8/8 each.
3/- for first one then available. Single cell 1-2V 6/B. 5 cell 6V 29/6. Neon Mains Tester, 1/3 each, 12/- doz.
!/• for each
ordered. one
12 and Flood Lamp Control. Our dim and full switch is
over post free. ELECTRIC CLOCK WITH 20AMP SWITCH ideal for controlling photo flood lamps; it gives
Made by Smith's these units are as fitted two lamps in aeries, two lamps full brilliance and
to many top quality cookers to control the lamps off. Similar
be arranged wherecontrol
used inofpairs
otherorappliances
where circuit can
oven. The clock is mains driven and can be split exactly in half. Technically the switch
frequency controlled so it is extremely is known as a double-pole change over with off.
ROTISSERIE MOTOR accurate. The two small dials enable Our price 4/6.
switch on and off times to be accurately rfi
Very standard
powerfulAC7 Mains.
r.p.m. 29/6,
operates set—also onmay the be
leftsetis inanother
minutestimer
up toor Sub-Miniature Silicon Diodes.
from
3/6 P & P.
plus alarm—this
1 hour. At the end of the period a bell will
\ type with gold-plated leads, 1/- General
each or purpose
7/6 per
sound. Offered at only a fraction of the dozen.
regular price—new and unused only 45/-
less than the value of the clock alone—post and ins. 2/9. mally 4/6 each, we offer 4 tapes for 12/0. nor-
Message Tapes. 225ft. Tape on Sin. spools,
White
twin Cireular
made Flex. Usually
Ideal for lighting drops,
230 VOLT SOLENOID -THISMONTH'SSNIP for 30/-, plusby6/-BICC-
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lin. stroke, size 2Jin. x Edgewise Control.2K Morganite,
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DICTATING MACHINE 12V Inverter. Full transistorised for operating a
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accessories.operated and withofferalla
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SNIPERSCOPE British made £31 outfit for only
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^ INfftA-HD LAVfT | "forcat'sseeing code,
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in the spools'drops in andjout lor easy loading
—all formal functions—accessories 3/9 orcrystal cartridge with sapphire stylus tmly
36/- dozen.
dark. This is an include; stethoscopic earpiece— Headphones.
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SEND Midget Keom for mains indicators, etc , 1/3 each
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4/6 each, threeand insurance. Footswitch 18/6
for 10/-. or 121' dozen.
Compression w
, T7» -j. ray tube) the 9/- per dozen.Trimmers. Twin lOOpF, 1/- each;
by the .infra-red
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—- w it. Aelectrons released
golden opportunity Sin. PM Loudspeaker. 3 ohm, 12/6:'80 ohm, 13/8
lor
post 2/6. Data will beexperiments.
some interesting supplied with7/8cells, each,if HI-FI BARGAIN Rotary Cam aOperated
which close separateSwitch.
pair of 12 positions
contacts eachtheof
except
requested. ofFULL FI12 loudspeakers
the finest INCH LOUDSPEAKER. that we haveThis everis offered,
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MAINS TRANSFORMER SNIP by one of the country's most famous makers. It baa a die-cast Rotary Cam Operated Switch. 4 positions: let
metal frame and is strongly
Rhythm Guitar and public address. recommended for Hi-Fi load and position all contacts open; 2nd
Making a power pack for Flax 3rd contacts 1 and 2 closed; 4th contact
contacts11.closed;
2 and
amplifier
ment ? orThese other equip-
trans- PowerDensity
Handling11,000
15 wattsgauss—Total
R.M.S.—Cone FluxMoulded
44,000 fibre—Freq.
Maxwells— 3 closed. ^Contact rated 260V 16 amps, 8/6 each.
Breast Microphone. Fine American
formers have normal
mains
response
sonance 30-10,000
60 c.p.s.—specify
c.p.s.—Chassis Diam. 3 or 15Jin.ohms-
12m.—12 over Main re-
mounting type, adjustable or breast plate withmade
neckdynamic
straps,
40v.) primaries
and isolated(230/ lugs—Baffle hole llin. Diam.—Mounting holes 4, holes—Jin.
diam.- on pitch circle lljin. diam.—Overall height Siin. A £6
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Circular Fluorescent. 22 watt. Sin. diam. tube
secondaries two types speaker offered for only £3.9.6 pins 7/6 p. & p. ISin. 30W complete with choke, starter, holders and chrome
(1) 15v.
(2) 12v. 500mA.
500mA.atat8/6,
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Midget Relay twin 250 ohm coils, size approx.
Ifin.each.
7/6 x lin. x lin. 4 pairs changeover contacts,
DRILL CONTROLLER Pocket Test(3Meter, measures
SPRING COIL LEADS CONTROL Electronically 10changes speed from d.c. volts ranges), ohms, a.c. volts (3 Ideal
milliamps. ranges),to
as4 core
fitted to telephones, DRILL approximately revs, to maxi- carry around. Complete
test prods. 89/8, plus 2/6 p. & p. with instructions and
2/6 each, 3 core 2/- mnm. Full power at all speeds Printed Circuit 32Board, Edgestandard
Connector, solder
each. sr
SPEEDS, allbyparts,
finger-tip
case,control. Kit includes
everything and full terminations.
veroboard, etc. 61n.
contacts,
long but easily cut.
spacing
7/6
for
each,
PP3 ELIMINATOR. Play your pocket instructions. 19/8 plus 2/6 post and 80/- doz.
radio from the mains! insurance. Or available made np l.OOOW Fire Spiral, replacement for most fires. 1/3
plete component kit save £s. Com-4
comprises 29/8, plus 2/6 post. each, 12/- doz.
rectifiers—mains dropper resistances, 50
1 Meg ohmMl50nature.
watt WirePot-meter
Wound Pot-meteri, 8/8 each.
Morganite standard
smoothing
tions, only 6/8condenser and instruc-
plus 3 /- post. PROCESS TIME CONTROLLER Jin. spindle 1/- each; 9/- per dozen.
Made by Smiths, motorised and mains driven, enables 1screwdriver
Meg Miniature.
control. 9d. each; 8/- per dozen.preset
Pot-meter Morganite
i.C FAN I6A circuit to be started up to 18 hours in advance and Pre-Set
Small but very
powerful mains
to stay on
Totally for a period
enclosed in metalfrombox15with
minutes
glasstofront
3 hours.
and knob, 1/- each;by9/-Welwyn
100K per dozen. with integral bakelite
motor Tgith 64m. chrome surround. 49/6, plus 4/6 post and ins. 100K
switch and standard Jin. spindle,with
Pot-Meter. Miniature type by double
Morganite,pole
blades. Ideal
cooling for 2/- each; 18/- per dozen.
ment asequip-
tor. orSilent extrac- MAINS TRANSISTOR POWER PACK Battery Motor If in. long fin. dia., operates from
3V upwards, reversible4/6speed
but Designed to operate transistor setsworking).
and amplifiers. Adjustable output 6V,of 9V, voltage or resistance ea. variable
50/- doz.by changing
very efficient.
17/6, post 4/6. following upbatteries:
12V for to 500mA PP1,(class
PP3,B PP4, TakesPP9,
PP6, PP7, the and
placeothers.
of anyKit the
com- of HT while heaters warm up,delay
Thermal Relay. Can be used to the supply
or will enable
Mounts from back prises: mains transformer rectifier, smoothing and load resistor, condensers and 15A loads to be controlled by miniature switches
or front with 4BA instructions. Real snip at only 16/6, plus 3/6 postage. or relays. Begolar list price over £2, price 7/8 each.
screws. Siemens High Speed Relay. Twin 1,000 ohm coils.
TRANSISTOR REED SWITCH Platinum points changeover contacts—Ex
equipment, 8/6 each.
SET CASE Suitable for dozens of different applications, such as burglar alarms, conveyor Toggle Switch Bargain. 10A 250V normal one
belt switching. These are simply glassAinspecial
casedbuy
switches which hole fitting 8/9 each; or 30/- doz.
Very
cabinet,modern
size 6i Xcream
3X by a passing permanent magnet coil. enables ns tocanoffer
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 NEW 1969 EDITION
NEW RANGE BBC 2 AERIALS 4 STATION INTERCOM
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300
 Propogate'DOWN'
Receptor associated
with each cell
=3 s \ N
□ / \ /

<$2 \ / V. /
\ / \

(/ \
M1 \
Propagate //
Propagate
LEFT'
fs \\

\\ /
-1 --"

/ \\

\ /
V ^

'Summer
Propagate UP
Fig, 6.10a. Basic principles of the fixed matrix system, Note: separate hold, trigger, and reset
lines not shown

The receptors which form a circle are mounted at the sensor in the matrix is connected so as to inhibit the
ends of long scanning arms controlled by a motor- output of a cell containing essentially a pair of bistable
driven "iris-like" device. Thus as the motor runs, the elements and an or gate, every gate output passing
iris progressively opens and the arms fan outwards. In along common lines to a summing network.
this way the receptors are caused to describe a circular Assuming initially that no image is mapped upon the
scan, and optically interrogate any illuminated pattern cells, then none of them will be inhibited; thus as we
presented before them. apply a pulse to any one of the "propagate" inputs,
It will be seen that if during the scanning process the each one of the bistables in the rows or columns will
output from the receptors is sampled, the result will switch successively until this wave of activity ends at the
essentially consist of a series of "Off" pulses. Further- edge of the matrix when they will all be turned "on".
more, in the case of a triangle for example, the pattern of Hence all the associated or gates will present an output,
signals will almost invariably consist of a "wave" of resulting in the summer returning a maximum level.
three separate groups of pulses. Substantially this will So far, so good!
hold true despite variations in orientaition—the degree Facilities (not shown in Fig. 6.10a) do exist for
of spacing between the signals will in fact afford a resetting the bistables, and we will accept now that they
measure of information about the shape of the triangle have all been reset. We might now consider the case
too. Actual identification of a pattern can of course where an image has been mapped upon the sensors.
only come following suitable processing. For the sake of simplicity we will assume that the
machine is expected to recognise any character in a
FIXED MATRIX SYSTEM three letter alphabet; this will comprise the letters U,
Since the inception of this last type of machine, T and H.
others possessing even more sophisticated modes of
operation have come into being. A particularly RIGHT AND LEFT PROPAGATION
exotic device was one which appeared (in experimental Now depending on the character being interrogated,
form) during 1965. This, instead of utilising a scanning there will result a corresponding image on the sensors,
system of moving sensors, relies upon a whole matrix of causing the associated cells to be inhibited. (At this
stationary elements upon which the image of the stage it is important to realise that once the cells have
character to be recognised can be mapped. An been switched or inhibited they will, unless reset, act as
understanding of the basic operating principles of the barriers to propagation. A propagation can hence
machine is best gained by initially referring to Fig. 6.10a. continue along every row/column until it encounters
In the illustration only an extremely small matrix is either a "barrier" or one of the edges of the matrix.)
considered: in practice, a matrix containing an array of Referring to Fig, 6.10b it will be seen that if we
something like 30 x 30 elements would be used. Each propagate "right" then "left", a different result will
301
 Matrix of Bistable
-Aw. Stores
Tl Ol H Wide Bond Fillers Trogsient Detectors
i Initial mapping for the various Mic 1
characters 2
3
4 —— n

WBFRcfs
2 State of the matrix following 1 Very Highs
right/left propagation ZHIghs
3 Middles
4 Lows Syllable -TL
iii pi Duration
Timer
V.. ■.•ill,,,
3 Matrix state after propagation down
A
NOTE: Cross hatching indicates degree n
of summation for the various
characters following each operation
Fig. 6.10b. Images formed
on sensors as characters are n
interrogated

M H 11nitial mapping n n jl
Open ended ring counter Reset
2 Matrix state following usual right/left and down
propagations
Fig. 6.11. A possible system designed for simple word
recognition
3 State of matrix after holding of unexposed area
resetting the remainder and triggering the held segment
s If we again propagate "right" and "left", the summer
will return a maximum level for the letter H, and (by
4 Final propagation right and left to reduce the virtue of a partly unexposed area) a lower level in the
character mapped on the matrix case of an M. By similar "artful dodges" this type of
machine can be extended to not only the task of
recognising the whole of the alphabet (a real one that
Fig.6.IOc. Modified operation to deal with difficult is!), but also to "reading" characters in different sizes
characters and fonts.
exist for each character. Thus if, following this SPEECH RECOGNITION
operation, we inspect the summer output and discover Yet other devices have been "dreamt up" for recogni-
this to be at maximum, then it can be concluded that the tion of the spoken word; most of these machines are
letter T is present. Conversely, if the summer does not however even more complex than the last! Nonethe-
return such a result, we can assume that the character less, one relatively simple example of this form of
must be either a U or an H. machine will be given now.
If we continue the operation by propagation "down" Such a machine might be of the adaptive kind; that is
the matrix, then check the summer level again, we can to say it could be taught to recognise a certain
now be certain about the identity of the character. A vocabulary of input words. The actual number of
maximum output will thus correspond with the letter U, words to be "understood" by the device would be
and a lower output with an H. In practice the summer restricted according to the application.
is generally fed into a number of Schmitt triggers set Let us then, for convenience, choose a vocabulary
to fire at the different thresholds corresponding to comprising ten words; these might be the numbers
various patterns. zero through to nine. Several avenues for achieving an
initial segregation of these input sounds are open to us;
TRICKY CHARACTERS we however aje only interested in ten basic types, and
The capabilities of the machine are now however so the encoding method can be kept relatively uncom-
limited to just U, T and H. Consider the result of plex.
"throwing a spanner in the works" by presenting the Referring to Fig. 6.11 we see a rather interesting
machine with an M (Fig. 6.10c). example of a machine that could be built for simple
The same routine as described before can be applied, word recognition. The input sounds are first passed to
but when we come to the decision "is the character an an audio amplifier which, possessing a measure of a.g.c.,
H or an M?", the operation must obviously be modified. maintains signal amplitudes within reasonable limits.
The procedure adopted is then to "hold" the unexposed The amplifier output is then fed via a bank of four
area of cells whilst removing the image and resetting the wideband filters to separate transient detectors which
remainder; following this (and by applicable gating indicate either the presence or absence of a particular
arrangements) the "held" area is then inhibited. group of frequencies. In this way the various speech
302
 PRACTICAL!

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To; BRITISH NATIONAL RADIO SCHOOL, READING BERkT ""pTcJer ^

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303
 GEATRONIX LIMITED
EDUCATIONAL ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

MANUFACTURERS. OF
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★ Modules are rapidly assembled and patching leads are used to interconnect logic
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★ Make machines that play games, inside the unit. Switches and pushbuftons
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control automatic machines of any and outputs are indicated by lamps' and an
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each ONE PRICE ONLY PNP. NPN each TESTED, TO-5 CASE BRAND NEWAND CODED: leads on both Transistors and diodes. All Mullard devices
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BFYS1 2N708
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BFX86 2N930 2 N2924 25104 2N2907 2NI599 400 I .. 14/- ^® ^ 2^371 20/- per Panel
BFX88 2NI131 2 N2926 2S732 2N2696 BTX30-500 500 15/- x 5/-per Panel
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From Manufacturers' Over-runs- -Unmarked Plastic and TO-46 CASE (STUD) 25/- "F" 8 x GET! 14, 20 x OAS I 10/- per Panel
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150 4
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pieces.2N706 IN4007 1,000 4/9
304
 sounds (i.e. vowels,'through to the dentally generated
fricatives like "S" and "F") can be broken down into
their respective components.
Now the utterance of every syllable in a word can be NEWS BRIEFS
reckoned to have a duration of some average time. So
if we settle on a value for this the signals can be encoded
into two further categories, i.e. those within such a
duration, and those whose length exceeds this. Solar Storm Probe
Following the breakdown of a word into these
discrete bits, it is necessary to store this data in order The first launch by the European Space Research
that the machine can be taught to assign a particular Organisation of a fully stabilised sounding rocket
meaning.. Storage of the information may be per- payload, from the Salto di Quirra range in Sardinia,
formed in a series-parallel fashion, by sequentially carried an experiment designed to probe solar storms and
assess the amount of X-ray radiation emitted from them.
gating the signals into the columns of a bistable matrix. Such research is important because of the health hazard
presented to astronauts and passengers in supersonic
RING COUNTER airliners by hard radiation. An understanding of such
This function is achieved by utilising the leading edge storms may also enable short wave blackouts to be
produced by any one of the signals to step-up an predicted. The payload was aligned with the sun's centre
"open-ended" ring counter controlling the input gating to an accuracy of one three-hundredth of a degree by an
to the matrix. Flence, the presence of components in attitude control unit supplied by Elliott Space and Weapon
the first three syllables of a word will be successively Automation Ltd.
represented as a binary number in any of the first few
rows of the matrix. The fifth row in the matrix is Concorde Engines Simulator
reserved for syllable duration information: this is A Concorde engines simulator, for training airline pilots
derived from a timer (also triggered by the start of any and ground crew, has been ordered from Hawker
signal) which generates a pulse only if a syllable exceeds Siddeley Dynamics by Rolls-Royce. The trainer (see
some previous duration. No output pulsp will appear picture) will be installed this Autumn in the Patchway
from the timer if the next syllable occurs prior to the (Bristol) Training School, of the Bristol Engine Division,
completion of this period—in fact the timer will be pioneers in propulsion system trainers. It will simulate the
reset for the next duration. Rolls-Royce Bristol/SNECMA Olympus engines of the
Concorde supersonic airliner in all flight phases. Faults
can be injected by the instructor at any stage of the training
LEARNING ABILITY programme.
Having placed all this data into a memory, facilities In addition, the trainer can simulate engine ground
must now exist which permit the machine to learn. running, without noise, and can be used in conjunction
This can be performed by first feeding the matrix with airline checkout and engine test equipment for ground
outputs into an even larger matrix and, by so doing, crew training. Engine instrumentation in the trainees
expanding the original pattern to show it up in greater Concorde flight deck mock-up is represented by realistic,
detail. The data stored in this expansion matrix can inexpensive simulated instruments which receive informa-
tion direct from a digital computer. The trainer is easy to
then be passed to a number of binary "weighted" maintain and programming is simple and flexible; no
decision devices corresponding with the various specialised computer training is required.
positions in the matrix. Combinations of outputs from
the decision devices can then be used to drive a par-
ticular lamp relating to the spoken number at the input
to the machine.
If the incorrect lamp comes on, the machine must be
trained to give the right answer by manually adjusting
the "weights" in its decision devices until it becomes r
successful. Once the machine has been trained for one
word, further inputs may then be given—however as
this process continues it may require re-training for
some of the original words.
IN CONCLUSION
Throughout the present Bionics series, we have tried
to, capture just a mere glimpse of those aspects of
electronics which hitherto only a few of us are likely to
have come in contact. For various reasons much has
been omitted; however it can be expected that further British Amateur Electronics Club
articles on this subject will appear in due course. Some The British Amateur Electronics Club now boast
of these, it is anticipated, will take the form of actual I twenty overseas members, and is increasing all the
constructional projects: for example, one will be time.
Two members serving in the British Forces in Germany
concerned with the fabrication of chemical memory have arranged an announcement to be made on their local
devices, while another is likely to deal with a more radio programme about the activities of the club, and hope
sophisticated version of the "animal" EMMA described this will encourage other members of the overseas Forces to
elsewhere in this month's issue. join.
In the meantime, it is the author's hope that he might The club issues a regular Newsletter to all its members
have widened (just a little) the scope of amateur containing much technical information and details of
electronics, and simultaneously portrayed the folly in constructional projects as well as club activities and future
believing that living animals are essentially uncom- functions. Newsletter No. 11 contains details for a Noughts
and Crosses Computer and an Electronic Roulette
plicated things. ^ (inspired by an article in P.E.).

305
 ORBITING OBSERVATORY observing time working a week at a take some 66 pictures, some of them
One of the astronauts speaking of time in turn. with a resolution of the order of 300
the Apollo 8 flight made the point that The satellite is fitted with a yards (as seen by the naked eye).
although the situation in the sky, so special stabilising system designed so One spacecraft is to fly by the south
far as the Earth and moon were 'con- , that even at its orbital speed of polar cap and the other by the
cerned, took on an entirely new aspect 16,000 miles per hour the telescopes equator. At the time of closest
when viewed from the spaceship, the can be pointed with an accuracy approach to the planet the two
stars were completely unchanged sufficient to lock on to the stars vehicles will be about 62 million
except in respect of clarity. This chosen. As a comparison it is about miles from the earth. The two camera
emphasises the fact that the galaxy equal to being able to distinguish system which will have wide angle and
and all that lies beyond needs between two marbles at a distance of narrow angle facilities will take
instruments for exploration. about 150ft. pictures of the whole disc and close-
- The advantages, of being free from Power supply is obtained from ups of specified areas. The spacecraft
the Earth's atmosphere makes near solar cells in panels which extend will carry other scientific equipment
space and the moon itself an obvious about 21ft. to provide information about the
place for such instruments. Space Information is stored on tape and martian atmosphere and surface.
platforms are already one evolving disc and on each orbit the storage The weight of the craft has
method. Here a' team of observers systems transmits the information to increased to 9001bs each as compared
will be able to operate sophisticated the ground stations. The Smith- with 575Ibs on the previous mission.
apparatus with direct control. The sonian unit can be used in "real time", The radio transmitter power is
cost of such space laboratories will be that is, it can directly relay its increased from 10 to 20 watts. The
high but inevitable. observations on command. Six power is supplied by banks of solar
ground stations receive the trans- cells incorporated in the four "sails"
mission as the satellite orbits the and a high gain dish antenna is used
Earth. A computer aboard the for maintaining contact with Earth.
satellite can store 256 commands,
I more than for any previous satellite. RADIO CAMERA
Until now the observations planned A new radio camera device is being
By Frank W. Hyde in this orbiting observatory have developed which will enable the
been accomplished only on a few reflection of radio waves to be used to
occasions with sounding rockets and produce pictures with the aid of a
balloons. Now there will be a special emulsion and laser light.
continuous observation, with this and The camera has been developed to
In the meantime a half-way house other craft to oe launched later, in the make use of the fact that when radio
is afforded by the Orbiting Astro- gamma-ray, X-ray, and ultra-violet waves are directed at a target a small
nomical Observatory. Launched at spectrum. It is thought by Dr H. amount of heat is generated.
the beginning of December 1968, Friedman, an astrophysicist, that The back scatter of waves from a
X-ray stars may be more numerous reflecting source, such as a ship for
America's OAO is engaged on the than ordinary stars and if this is so example, is directed on to a plate
most extensive mapping of the new light may be thrown on the which has a special assembly. A
heavens ever undertaken. It is the origin of the universe. sandwich of heat sensitive cholesterol
heaviest unmanned satellite that has backed by mylar plastic to pick up the
been put into orbit by the USA. It MARS MISSIONS reflected radio waves, and coated with
weighs some 2 tonnes and carries It is three years since the first space a thin film of crystals suitable for the
11 telescopes. Its expected life- probe sent back pictures of Mars on production of an image when bathed
time is six months but it may last its close fly-past. This year there are in laser light. The plate is processed
longer. If it should last a year it will to be two more such missions. as a negative and contains all the
be able to chart some 100,000 stars In 1965 when the spacecraft took information as a refactory pattern.
and should it be fortunate that it lasts 21 pictures from a distance of A laser beam played on the pattern
for two years then the whole sky will 6,000 miles they showed that the produces a hologram with three
be mapped. OAO is in a circular surface of the planet was marked dimensional image.
orbit 474 miles above the Earth. with craters like the moon. The new There are many applications for
The mapping programme will be spacecraft will be able to approach such a camera leading to safety
carried out by a battery of four within about 2,000 miles and there measures for ships and aircraft,
telescopes. They were built by the will be a more sophisticated two examining plastics, even to discover
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observa- camera system on board which will if unborn babies are single or twins.
tory under the direction of Dr F. L.
Whipple. The heart of the system is a The Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAO-2) undergoes final tests
special television tube which is
sensitive to ultra-violet light. The
telescopes will lock onto a star and
study the wave emission bands in the
ultra-violet spectrum before moving
on to the next star.
The other seven telescopes were
built by the University of Wisconsin
under the direction of Dr A. D. (
Coode. This unit is for the study of a
limited number of stars each day.
The programme is to be concentrated
on "young stars" and also inter-
stellar dust from which new stars are ■JHb
.± .y*-!!|
brought into being. A young star is
one which is of the order of 100,000
years old and too faint to be seen by
Earth based telescopes.
The telescope packages are fitted at
. either end of the satellite which is
10ft long. They will share the
306
 SOU Chesham House I
-PAR SEMICOHDUCTORS 150 Regent Street
ShPAR London, W.I
* • BARGAIN'S
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307
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308
 rS] Site, Oxshott (N.G.R. TQ131597) for
all members of the Scout Movement
who have an interest in any branch of
electronics.
i The full programme has yet to be
finalised but it is hoped to include
A SELECTION FROM OUR POSIBAG demonstrations, talks and discussions
on the following: Hi-fi equipment,
recording, model control, short wave
listening, and amateur radio. In
addition it is hoped to have
Arsenide Diodes Bill merely seeks to tie up a few experienced people with test equip-
loose ends, but what are the obscure ment facilities to help the enthusiast
Sir—I and some fellow members of intentions and implications behind with his home constructed projects.
my school science society would be the term electro-chemical and electro-
interested in carrying out some mechanical energy? To what do For further details groups or
experiments in "Optical Communica- they apply and for what reasons? It individuals are invited to send a
tion using Laser Diodes" as published might well be that the new restrictions foolscap s.a.e. to:
in the February issue of Practical are more far reaching than they at
Electronics. first appear to be! J. A. Carter,
We would be very grateful if you c'o Baden-Powell House,
could indicate a supplier of the D. Bollen, Queensgate,
gallium arsenide diodes used for this Beaworthy, London, S.W.7.
project. Devon.
J. Martin,
Lymington,
Hants.
This is one of many similar enquiries we
have received on this subject. GAL I and
GAL 2 devices can be obtained from Make Light The Way
S.D.S. (Portsmouth) Ltd., Hillsea Industrial
Estate, Portsmouth, Hants, at a cost of Sir—Regarding "Post office
£.4 and £8 respectively. Unfortunately the privilege", as I understood it, all Amorphous Devices
price of these devices is rather high; those proud experimenters, building, Sir—Further to R. F. Shaw's article
however we understand that Proops Bros, and then giving the knowledge—via on Amorphous Semiconductor
of 52 Tottenham Court Road, London, the various radio magazines—to Devices in February's edition your
W.C.I have offered "surplus" gallium others, of the use of light rays to pass readers might like to know some of
arsenide diodes at low price, in the region any form of intelligence from one the history behind the, so called,
of 28s each. point to another, are controlled by "Ovionic" devices.
We can only hope that in the course of the same regulations as "Hams"; Mr. Shaw refers to the devices as a
time these devices will become readily those with licence to use normal comparatively recent discovery. By
available to the amateur at a lower radio methods. semiconductor standards this is not
price—Ed. altogether true. As long ago as 1962
It is quite clear, internal use will be Stanley Ovshinsky—President of
just as one would make use of a Energy Conversion Devices Inc.—
signal generator, but I doubt if was working on specialised materials
many would understand this limit to form the basis of thermo-electric
when experiments to improve the generators when he suddenly dis-
distance have been tried. covered that under certain electrical
Here then, we have the answer to conditions an alloy of germanium
all those, for and against letters, and tellurium showed different
which Editors have for so long had apparent conductivity.
Post Office Bill from, would be "Hams", and others. The same piece of material would
for some apparent reason change from
Sir—Restrictions on th£ radiation of No morse test, no inference with high to low resistance, and on further
electromagnetic energy of any fre- important services, no exams, just investigation he found that the
quency is fair enough, following the pay and keep to the rules. material, when changing from a high
activities of pirates and industrial resistance to a low resistance state,
spies. Legitimate users are already Many years ago, experts had a very exhibited a characteristic very similar
familiar with radio licensing, and poor opinion of short waves, to a gas tube in that when a certain
presumably the Post Office will be amateurs being given the use of them voltage across the material was
prepared to grant licences to laser lead the way. exceeded it would "break down" and
operators on a fairly free basis. Pioneers, make light the way! start to conduct, Unlike the gas
However, if the term electro- tube the voltage drop across the
mechanical does not refer to sound C. S. Burton, material when conducting was very
then the pirates have an immediate Bulwell, low, i.e. the resistance change was
loophole. Jf they are prepared to go Nottingham. quite extraordinary changing from
to the trouble of using short range the order of 10 megohms to approxi-
light communication then they can mately 10 ohms. Another unusual
equally well communicate by super- phenomena was that which Mr. Shaw
sonic carrier over similar distances, by describes as the permanent memory
radiating from a multiple transducer out of circuit.
array. Although it was not known how
Electric, magnetic, and electro- Electronics Scouts the device actually worked Ovshinsky
magnetic energy has been subject to took out patents and proceeded to
Sir—On 2nd, 3rd and 4th May 1969 a publish details of practical applica-
restrictions for some time, and the camp will be held at Polyapes Camp tions of such a device.
309
 Worse still this tnreshold voltage All the results indicated normal
would vary for a single device oxide breakdown (similar to that
throughout its life—which was com- occurring with foil capacitors) and in
* paratively short. many cases during the actual break-
A SELECTION FROM OUR POS1BAG threshold For some unknown reason the down micro sparks could be seen at
voltage was load sensitive; the junction between the electrode
for instance with a high resistance and the material. This effect
load the break-down could occur at adequately described the switch on
voltages as high as 200 volts and characteristic, and switch off could be
In 1963 a British' firm obtained with a large load drawing approxi- explained by the re-formation of an
exclusive rights to exploit the device oxide under the surface of the con-
and started a research programme tact by the thermal energy of the
to try and evaluate "the mechanism of high current pulse. If this was the
the rather strange conduction mechanism, the device was working
characteristics. on a physical destruction and reform-
At the same time a British Press ing principle which would have been
Conference was called and representa- K)0 WAIT highly unreliable in practice. In all
LAMP fairness, however, this was never
tives of most of the technical journals o conclusively proved and when the
were given a demonstration of the 240V allocated research budget ran out
prototype device. The demonstra- WAR I AC T
tion was met with a widely differing QUANTRDL further work stopped.
reaction from wonderment to sheer It is interesting to note that at
scepticism. I about the same time an American
Nevertheless a limited budget company brought out a device
research programme was started and exhibiting identical characteristics
attempts were made to obtain Fig. 2 Prototype test rig for the which was composed of two elec-
government grants to subsidise the Quantrol device using a 4Y battery trodes embedded in, but separated by
work which was progressing satis- for the high current pulse a block of aluminium powder and
factorily. All attempts to obtain such epoxy resin. This device never
a grant failed—perhaps due to the reached full production due to the
risk of investing in such an unknown mately 2 amps this would fall to the instability of its characteristics.
quantity—but the company con- normal range of value (20 to 100
volts). It seems rather, strange that after a
tinued its work and eventually lapse of five years the identical
exhibited a number of development Fig. 2 shows the type of circuit in
which the device operated. The device is again being exploited with
devices at the 1964 IEA exhibition at virtually no change to its charac-
Olympia. Two types of device were device- -at that time called Quantrol
•—would be con tected in series with a teristics, and still considerable doubt
shown; the memory device using as to its mechanism.
pure germanium telluride as a load such as a 100 watt electric light
material and a threshold device—as bulb. The circuit was supplied from a M. J. Hughes,
described by Mr. Shaw—using ger- variable transformer. Starting with Westerham,
manium telluride with added the device in the non-conducting Kent.
quantities of arsenic. state and the applied voltage at zero
In those days the devices were the voltage would be increased to the
made from pellets of material with threshold level and when this was Mr Michael J. Hughes' comments on
point contacts of beryllium copper reached the Quantrol would break amorphous semiconductor devices are
forming the electrodes (see Fig. 1). down to a low resistance and the most interesting and informative, but I
lamp would light. To turn the would like to point out the fact that
device off it was necessary to apply a although the devices at present have
comparatively high current pulse similar characteristics to the older
POINT CONTACTS OF obtained from a low impedance. In devices, they are vastly improved in their
BERYLLIUM COPPER the prototype test rig this was characteristics.
provided by a 4 volt battery and a
push button switch. The new devices have very stable
TO 18 ( ^ PELLET Of Another disadvantage which is threshold voltages and other electrical
CAN - 1 GERMANIUM characteristics providing one takes care
ir-A-p^- TELLURIDE apparent from the above circuit was to operate the devices within their
that the device wrs inherently a two prescribed parameters The newer
=M terminal unit; isolated control as devices use both different glass alloys
S
SEAL can be effected by a transistor, and physical device configurations arrived
valve, or relay was impossible. It at by both empirical and theoretical
TWO LEAD s was suspected that 1 he device worked
OUT WIRES by some type of field effect and considerations which resulted in their
attempts were made to introduce a improved characteristics, stability, and
third electrode using the material in a reproducibility.
structure very similar to the present- jAs Mr Hughes correctly pointed out,
Fig. I Structure of the germanium day f.e.t. similar switching has been observed in
telluride device of 1964 All attempts to trigger the device oxide based devices, but there is now
by applied electric fields failed, sufficient evidence to rule out this
Unfortunately production devices and this led the researchers to mechanism in the Ovshinsky devices
were never made due to several believe that perhaps the device was described above.
artifects in the development devices. operating by way of normal dielectric The five year lapse since the first
These problems all stemmed from breakdown. The materials used were prototype does not seem unduly long for
the basic problem that the mechanism extremely easily oxidised—some of research and development in this field,
of conduction was not known. It was the alloys used were made by sintering since only at the present time has the
impossible to predict the all important in air which automatically oxidised theory of armorphous materials in
breakdown (or threshold) voltage of the surface and others made by cast- general progressed to the state where we
the device and this could vary from ing the molten alloy would not can make reasonable postulations as to
batch to batch; typical values being operate until the surface had been their conduction mechanisms.—Robert F.
anything between 20 and 100 volts. oxidised using strong nitric acid. Shaw.
310
 VARIABLE tfOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS
INPUT 230/240v. A.C. S0/«~ LIGHT SENSITIVE SWITCH
OUTPUT VARIABLE 0-260v. Kit of parts, including ORPI2 Cad- /ITCH
BRAND NEW
i 50 Keenest prices in the country. Transistor mium Sulphide Photocell, Relay,
NEW AMPS AH Types (and Spares) from and Circuit, etc., 6-!2
i to 50 amp. from stock. volt D.C. op. price 25/- plus 2/6
SHROUDED TYPE P. & P. ORP 12 including circuit,
I amp, £5. 10. 0. 2.5 amps, 10/6.each, plus I/- P. & P.
£6. 15. 0. 4 amps, £9. 0. 0. A.C. MAINS MODEL Incorporates
jAHP 5 amps, £9. 15. 0. 8 amps, Mains Transformer, Rectifier and special
► £14. 10. 0. 10 amps, £18. 10. 0. relay with 3, 5 amp mains c/o contacts.
Ml I 12 amps, £21. 0. 0. 15 amps, | rnce Price inc. circuit 47/6 plus 2/6 P. & P.
£3.10.0. £25. 0. 0. 20 amps, £37. 0. 0.
37.5 amps, £72. 0. 0. 50 amps, i LIGHT SOURCE AND PHOTO
£92. 0. 0. I CELL MOUNTING "
OPEN TYPE (Pane! Mounting) | Precision engineered .
FEBRUARY 5 amp, £3. 10. 0. I amp, £5. 10. 0. light source with focusible-
I
IJ- amps, £6. 12. 6, iens assembly and ventilated _
PORTABLE TYPE (lamp housing, to take MBC bulb. Separate
i FET PRINCIPLES, LD€i>AD1i e T-vnp
runiADLc
sr '•5 arnP' portable fitted etc.
I Tfc voltmeter,lamp,switch, case, photo ceil mounting assembly for ORP. 12
metal£9.5.0.
EXPERIMENTS AND
: PROJECTS £9. 5. 0, Similar to above 2.5 amp. £11.7.6. j| fixing. or similar cell. Both units are single hole
Price per pair £2.15.0. P. & P. 3/6.
by Edward M. Noll 40/- net L.T. TRANSFORMERS UNISELECTOR SWITCHES
Type No. Sec. Taps Price Carr. NEW
49 EASY TRANSISTOR 1 30, 32, 34, 36 v. at 5 amps. .. £4/5/0 61- 4 Bank 25 Way 24 v. D.C.
PROJECTS 2 30,40. 50 v. at 5 amps £6/5/0 6/6 operation £5.17.6 plus 2/6 P. & P. vlflL-
by Robert M. Brown and 3 10, 17, 18 v. ..t 10 amps £4/10/0 4/6 8 Bank 25 Way 24 v. D.C. operation.
Tom Kneitel 16/- net 4 6, 12 v. at 20 amps £5/17/6 6/6 £7.12.6 plus 4/6 P. & P.
5 17, 18, 20 v. at 20 amps £6/i2/6 6/6
PHOTOFACT TELEVISION 6 6, 12, 20 ^ . at 20 amps £6/5/0 7/6 I MINiATURE TJimElEaOR" WITCH
COURSE 24v. atlOamps £4/15/0 5/6 .I 3Ex-Equipment banks of i 1 positions plus
by the Howard W. Sams 8 4, 6, 24, 32 v. at 12 amps .. £6/10/0 6/6 j homing bank. 40 ohm coil,
Engineering Staff 40/- net 24-36 v, D.C. operation.
E Tested. 22/6, plus2/6 P. & P.
SERVICING DIGITAL STROBE! STROBE! STROBE! J COPPER LAMINATE. Printed Circuit
Build a Strobe Unit, using the latest type Xenon f Board. Size 151" x Si" 3/9 each. 3 for 10/-.
DEVICES white light flash tube. Solid state timing and trigger- | Post paid.
't by Jim Kyle 26/- net ing circuit. 230/250v. A.C. operation.
ECONOMY KIT. Flash rate 1-36 flash per second.
-t MARCH AM components including Unijunction, thymtor, ! RELAYS
tube and circuit. £5/5/0 plus 3/6 P. & P. Bulk purchase enables us to offer the
; UNDERSTANDING INDUSTRIAL KIT. Flash rate 1-80 f.p.s. Ideally following newSIEM ENS, PLESSEY, etc,
■ ELECTRONICS suitable for schools, laboratories, etc. Incorporates miniature plug inofrelays
base, at a fraction makers'complete
price. with
: UNITS AND STANDARDS double wound transformer which isolates both tube Coil Working
; by Farl J. Waters 25/- net and timing circuit from mains. Stabilized timing a Voltage Contacts Price
circuit and high power tube. £8/8/0 plus 6/- P. & P. 280 6-12 24 c/o 14/6
280 9- 18
USING SCOPES IN . 6i" POLISHED REFLECTOR 700
700
12-24 2 c/o
c/o 15/6
12/6
TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS Ideally suiced for above Strobe kits. Price 8/6 post paid. 700 16-24
16-24 4 c/o 15/6
by Robert G. Middleton 32/- net Regret not sold separately. 1250 20-40 4M2B 12/6
2500 30-50 2 c/o
24 c/o H.D. 12/6
TRANSISTOR TV TRAINING PARYALUX TYPE SDI9 230/250 VOLTS A.C. 5800 9000 50-70
40-70 c/o H.D. 12/6
10/-
REVERSIBLE GEARED MOTOR. 2 c/o 10/-
COURSE 30 r.p.m. 401b. ins.to 3 Position H.D. = Heavy Duty. POST PAID
by Robert G. Middleton 35/- net spindle adjustable differentofangles.
drive
Mounted
base. on substantial
Ex-equipment. cast and
Tested aluminiiim
in first SEALED RELAY
INDUSTRIAL TRANSISTOR class running order. A really powerful 230 VOLT AC COIL
CIRCUITS motor offered at a fraction
price. 6 GNS. P. & P. 10/-. of makers' I Two c/o 5 amp contacts.
by Allan Lytel 24/- net Plug-in I.O. Base.
BODINETYPEN.C. i GEARED MOTOR | Price 14/6. incl. base. Post Paid.
(Type I) 71 r.p.m. Torque 101b- inch. | Three c/o Amp, contacts,
APRIL Reversible. l/70tK h.p., 50 cycle, *38 amp. i ^7/6 Inch Base. Post Paid.
-t 101 QUESTIONS AND (Type 2) 28 r.p.m. Torque 201b. Inch.
Reversible. l/SOth h.p., 50 cycle,-28
The above two precision made U.S.A. motors amp. - „ I 'AVO' METER MODEL?"
-t ANSWERS ABOUT COLOUR TV are offered in 'as new' condition. Input voltage | Supplied fully checked and tes-
by Lee G. Sands 15/- net °f motor I I5v. A.C. Supplied complete with transformer for 1 ted op alt ranges and in excellent
condition. Complete with bat-
230/240*.
P. & P. orA.C. input. Price,
less transformer £2.2.either
6 plustype
4/6 P.£2.& 17.
P. 6 plus 6/6 iteries and leads. Price £13.10. 0,
HAVING FUN IN P, &P.7/6. Avo Leather Carry-
ELECTRONICS 200/25flvACirRS™NlMTlil/iTi I ing Case 30/-. Regret not
by Lee G. Sands 25/-net 2 on/off every 24 hours at any pre-set ■ supplied separately.
time. Fitted in metal case. 36 hr. i .AVO' POWER AND DECIBEL
101 EASY AUDIO Spring reserve. Used but fully tested. EXTENSION UNIT
PROJECTS Fraction of makers' price. £3.19.6 pfus For Model 7 and 7X "AVO ' Meters. This
4/6 P. & P. Available with solar dial on resistance box will permit values from 500
by Robert M. Brown and request. | .to 1,500 ohms to be obtained. Supplied
Tom Kneitel 28/- net J complete with leads. 42/6. P. & P. 4/6.
1 ns uLated" terminals
PRACTICAL DESIGN WITH ■mfeg/ Available in red, white, yellow, black, blue I DRY REED SWITCHES
^— and green. New 17/- per doz. 2/-. P. & P, 2 x I amp Dry Reeds (makes contacts).
TRANSISTORS — Mounted in 870 ohm 9-18 v. coil. Size 3"
by M. Horowitz 42/- net ISO/zSovTT.cTsorENbTF x New, Price 8/6 per pair.
Heavy duty type, approx. 3 lbs. pull. Price: - Post Paid. Six of the above mentioned
17/6 plus 2/5 P. & P. | units (12 Reeds). Fitted in bmetal box. Size
12/24V. D.C. SOLENOID x x
FOULSHAM-SAMS Approx. 8 02. push. Price 8'6 plus 1/5 P. & P. II New. m. 45/- each. Post Ws*Paid, y Elliott Bros.
TECHNICAL BOOKS
( W. FOULSHAM & CO.LTD.) SERVICE TRADING CO
YEOVIL RD.SLOUGH. BUCKS. ENGUND All Mail Orders—Also Callers—Ample Parking Space Personal callers only
57 BRIDCMAN ROAD, LONDON, W.4 Phone 995 1560 9 LITTLE NEWPORT ST.
SHOWROOM NOW OPEN CLOSED SATURDAY LONDON, W.C2. Tel. GER 0576
311
 R-ST. VALVE MAIL ORDER CO. STEREOGRAM CABINET £19 I Tin.- -£l 1.10.0 Carr. 30'-
BLACKWOOD HALL, WELLFIELD RD., S.W.16 An elegant Sfercogram Cabinet in
modern Veneered Mahogany and I9in. SLIM-LINE
Special 24 Hour Mail Order Service cloth covered Front Panel
AZ31 10/- KT67 45/- UCH81 7/- 12K8GT 8/-,2X2398 30/-:GEX64 2/6 BLACK LEATHERETTE SIDE PANELS FERGUSON 24 gns.
BY100 5/6 KT81(7C5) irCL82 7/6|I2Q7GT 6/-2N2904 10/-GEXB41 16/- Dimensions; SI" x \7i'y. 12". Speaker TWO-YEAR GUARANTEE
CIC 20/- 15/- UCL83 10/-(20L1 20/- 2X2904A12/6 QEX941 3/- posicionsforTwin 10"x5" Speakers EX-RENTAL TELEVISIONS
CY30 12/6 KTSKOEC)
DAF91 UF41 10/6 20P4 20/-j2N2926 6/3 GJ3M
4/6
DAF96 6/9 KT88 30/- UF89 35/- 7/6 25Z4 2aP5 20/-2N3819 13/- GJ5M
DCC90 10/6 KTW61 8/6 UL43 12/-
1X84 7. 25Z5GT 8/- 6/3:23002 20/- GJ63I 3/6
2S003 12/- GJ7M 3/6
DF91 41- KTW'62 10/- UY41 8/5, 25Z6GT 8/6 FREE ILLUSTRATED
DF96 7/6 ML4 17/6 UY85 6/6 30C15 15/- 23004 11/-
48/- HD2967 41- LIST OF TELEVISIONS
DH3/9I f6 K78 19/- VP4B 25/ 30C17 16/- 2S005 HG5Q02 22/64/-
DH77 4/9 PC86 11/6 VR105/30 fi/6 30C18 16/- 23006 2S012
20/- JK9A
50/ JK10A 18/- 17'—19"—21"—23"
DK91 6/- PC88 PC97 11/6 VR150/30 6/- 30F5 17/- 2S012A 55/- JK10B 15!-
DK92 01- PC900 8/9 8/6 W81
DK96 7/9 PCC84
DL66 25/- PCC89 6/6 X81 X78 12/6 30FL1 30FL12 19/26/- 23013 20/- JK19A 22/8
23018 60/- JK21A 12/6
DL92 6/3 PCXJ1S9 10/6 45/ 30PL14
Z66 15/ 30L15 17/- 2S108 15/6 60/- KS35A 5/-
DL94 6/9 PCF80 10/6 Z319 25/- 30L17 2S301 12/6 MATlOl 8/6
DL96 7/6 PCF86 6/9 Z759 23/- 30P12 17/'
16/- 2S320 01- MAT120 7/9 SPEAKERS 6/6
DL910 9/- 2S702 16/- NKT128 6/-
DLS16 12/6 PCF801 9/9 Z808V
30/- PCF802 OA2 15/- 30P19 15/- 45L 451- XKT142
6/- 30PL1 16/- AC107 10/- NKT211 81- 61- 2"—75n.2i"—350. P. & P. 2 6.
DLS19 30/- 9/9 OB2 6/- 30PL13 18/6 AC 12 6 6/6 NKT214 41- AC0S MICS. 35/- STANDARD
DW4350 7/6 PCF806 13/- OC3 5/6 30PL14 15/ AC127 7/6 XKT216 7/6
DY86 6j- PCL83 PCL82
DY87 6/6 PCL84 10/3
7/9 OZ4
1B3GT 4/6 35L6 Of- AC128 6/6 NKT217 8/- STICK MIC. 2gns. P. & P. 3 '6, WIDESIZES RANGE OF MODELS
AND PRICES
E88CC 32/- PCL80 8/6 1CP31 7/3 £6 ]35L6GT 9/ AC176 7/6 XKT218 61- ASSORTED CONDENSERS
E180F 17/6 PCL86 9/3 2D21 6/6 35Z4GT 4/6
0/3 IR5 6/- 35W4
8/6 ACY17
ACY18 5/3 7/6 NKT221
NKT223 6/fl61- 10/- for 50. P. & P. 7 6.
DHM0NSTRA770NS DAILY
E182CC 22/6 PEN'B4 20/- 2E26 20/- 50C5 6/3 ACY19 6/6 NKT224 4/6
EABC80
EAF42 6/6
10/- PEN45DD 3A5 12/6 80 50CD6G 31/- ACY20 6/- NKT225 3/6 ASSORTED RESISTORS transistor record
EB91 31- PFE200 12/- 3B28 40/- 85A1 25/- ACY22 3/6 7/6 ACY21 NE:T227
6/- NKT228 6/- 5/6
EBC33 8/6 PL36 14/ 3C45 65/- 8oA2 7/3 ACY28 4/6 NKT251 5/- 10/-for SO. P. & P. 4 '6. PLAYERP.CABINETS & P. 7/6.
19/6
EBC41 9/9 10/9 4X150A 95/- 30AG
PL81 81- 5R4GY 10/6 90AV 45/- AD161 11/- NKT265 45/- Aimo 16/ ... ASSORTED CONTROLS SINGLE PLAYER CABINETS
EBC90
EBF80 4/9 PL82 8/6 5U4G 5/6 90C1 12/- AF114 6/6 XKT274 5/- 10/-for 25. P. & P. 7 /6. 15/6. P. & P. 7/6.
7/6 PL84 71- 5V4G 8/- 90CG 25/ AF115 6/6 NKT352 XKT304 81- TRANSISTOR CASES 19/6.
EBF83 9/- PL500 14/6 8/- TRANSISTORS Cloth covered, many
EBF89
EBL21 6/6 PX4 14/- 5Y3GT
12/- 5Z4rt 6/ 30CV
7/- 1 SOBS 25/-
11/6 AFI16 6/6
ATll? NKT404 12/6
6/- XKT452 12/6 MULLARD MATCHED Size 6i-X 3i', P. &colours.
P. 3/6.
EBL31 27/6 PX2o PY32 12/6
10/9 6/30L2 15/
6AK5 51- 501 I50B3 8/6 AF118 10/-
9/6 AF125 6/3 NKT676 5/- NKT676 61- OUTPUT KIT
Similar cases in plastic 7/6.
ECC33
ECX340 15/ PY33 10/9 6AK6 12/6 SOS 35/
17/6
ECC81 6/- PY82 5/9PY81 AFI78 12/6 NKT677 Sf- 9/- OC8ID—2 OCSI's. TWO-YEAR GUARANTEED
5/3 6AL5 6AM6 3/-
3/6 307 35/- 01 AP186 17/6 NKT678 8/-
ECC82 5/9 PY83 7/- 6AXS 10/- 311 S13 75/- AFY19 22/6 NKT713 7/5 P. & P. FREE. 70° &REGUNNED TUBES
ECC83 6/3 PY800
ECCSo 5/- PY801 10/- 6AQ5 41-9/6 6AQ4 366A 15/ A3220 7/6 NKT777 8/-
ASZ21
6/3 372A 57/6 ASZ23 12/6 OA5 51- FERRITE RODS 3/6 89/6, 2190"!n.—99/6.
f4in.—69/6,
I 10°I7in.—
I7in..
ECCS8 OA7 I9in. & 21 in.—99 6. 23° (not
ECF80 7/6 6/6 PZ30 10/-
QQV02/645/- 6AS6
6AS7 61-
15/-
5651
5654 7/3 ATZ10 30/- OA10 4h 6", 8" x complete with bonded)—119/6.
LW/MW COILS. P. & P. FREE. Sowls, Carr. 10/6. Exchanged
ECF82 6/6 ...
11/6 QQV03/1027/6 6AT6 4/9 56875672 71- AUYIO 39/6 OA47 31-
ECH35
ECH42 11/ QQV03/20 66B4G
AXIS Sf- 5691 10/- BC107
BC108 7/6 OA70 2/-
61- OA79 2/6 DUKE & CO. (LONDON) LTD.
ECH81 5/9 105/- 6BA6 20/- 5749 25/-
10/ BC109 7/6 OA81 2/6 621/3 Romfbrd Road, Manor Park, E.12
ECH83 8/5 QQV04/15 6BE6 5/- 5763 12/ BCY31 13/6 OA85 2/8
ECL80 7/- 105/- 6BH5 01- 59635h BCYSS
5842 65/- BCY34 6/- OA 91 2/6 7/6 OA86 4/- Phone 01-478 6001-2-3 Stamp for Free List,
ECL82
ECL83 QQV06/40 6BJ6 01- 10/- OA200
ECL86 90/- 6BK4 21/6 6057 10/- BCY39 24/ OA202 4/3 3/3
ECLL80030/- QQV5/10 6BX6 7/6 6058 10/- BCY40 8CZ11 12/- 61- OA210 7/6
EF9 20/ QS70/20 70/- 5/6 6BQ7A6BR7 17/71- 18/-
61- BDYH 27/6 OAZ2D1 OAZ200 11/- Burgess instant heat solder gun
EF37A 7/- QS75/20 5/6 6BR8 12/6 6061 12/- BDY12 32/- 10/- Only the tip heats-but fast! About 7 seconds I Pre-focused
EF39 8/- QS75/60 20/- 6BS7 25/- 5062 14/- BFY51 3/6 OAZ202 8/6
EP41
EF80 10/- QS92/10QS83/3 4/- 7/3 6BW6 14/6 6063 7J- BFY52 4/6 OAZ204
OAZ206 8/6
8/6 lamp lights the job up. Exclusive full-
EF86 5/- 6/6 QS95/10 5/6 6BW7
6C4 13/- 6064
- - 6065 7/—
01-
BPY10 21/6
BSY27 9/6 OAZ208 6/6 length trigger on pistol grip eases
EF89
EF91 5/6 3/6 QS108/4515/- 6CB6 51- 6067 10/- BSY61 BSY28 5/- OAZ222 OAZ224
9/6
10/-
QS150/15
EF92 2/6 QS150/30 6/- 6CD6G 8/- 24/- 25/- 7/6 OAZ225 finger fatigue. Finger-tight is
EF98
EF183 15/- QS150/3620/- 6CH6 7/6 6096 27/6
o/oi5146
6CL6 12/-19003
8/- B3Y53
B3Y95A 7/6 OAZ242 10/-
6/6 OAZ246 4/8 right for screw-in tips - no
EF184 6/6 6CW4 9/- B3X82 40/- 4/9 pliers needed. Kit complete
71- QS150/45 BTY88 19/6 OAZ290 9/6
EF804 21/-
EFP60 10/- QS150/80 20/ 6D4 6DK6 15/-
9/- BTY95100R OAZ292
140/- OC16 20/- with conical tip, chisel tip, 6"
EH9n 7/6 6F23 161 TRANSISTORS BY100 4/6 OC19 7/6
EL33 12/6 QS1209 20/6
EL34 7/3 6F246P25 15/- 14/ IN21 3/6 BY114 51- OC20 15/- extension barrel, double
10/6 QV03-12
EL41 10/6 QV04-7 12/6 6J5G12/- 6F28 14/- 1X22 1X429 12/6 51- BYZ11 9/6 OC22 10/- ended probe, gun and
EL42 10/6 41- 1X1192 17/8 BYZ12 12/- OC23 11/6 solder. £4 12 6.
EL81 9/- QV05-25 QV06-20 9/-
27/6 6J6 3/6 1X3065 13/9 BYZ13 7/6 OC24
BYZ18 15/- OC25 15/-
EL84 4/9 R10 15/- 6J7G 2/.
EL85 7/9 R17 8/- 6K7G 6/- IS113 IS13I
4/6 CDT131312/6
4/3 CG64 2/6 OC26 7101- Full details and
EL86 8/3
EL90 6/3 R18 R19
6K8G
7/6 6L6G 3/-
7/9 7/9 I3420R 12/6
2152 4/3 CK707 2/6 OC28 OC29 15/- 12/- nearest stockist from:
EL95- 6/6 RG5/500 80/- 6Q7G 2G210 CRSI/05 7/6 OC35 12/6 Burgess Products Co Ltd,
EL360 24/- S130 40/- 6SG7 2G309 12/6 CV102 3/6 OC36
OC41 12/6 Sapcote, Leicester LE9 6JW BURGESS
ELS 00
EL821 20/6 S130P 40/- 6SJ7M 2G381 51- 51- CV103 3/6
CV425 3/6 OC42 6/
EL822 16/- 6/- SP41 3/1 6SL7GT
SP61 3/6 6SN7GT 6; 2G382 61- CV2226
5/6 26401 51- r 20/- OC43 5101-
ELL80 C\ 2258 25/- OC44 41-
EM34 20/-
EM80 21/- STV280/40 6VfiG
25/- 6X4 2G402 6/- CV2290 51- OC44M
2G403 10/6 CV2919 2/6 OC45
5/6
3/6
EM81 8/3 7/6 STV280/80 6X5G
6X3GT 2G414 6/- CV2848 2/6 OC45M 41- 6 PUSH-BUTTON STEREOGRAM CHASSIS
E5I84 7/6 05/- 7B6 11/fi 2G415 6/- CV1782 30/- OC46 5/6
EX32 SU2150 12/6 2G416 6/1 CV7183 30/- OC47 7/6
EY61 25/- SET2150A12/6 7C5 7B" 2G417 61- DD003 3/6 OC67 16/ M.W.; S.W.I; S.W.2; V.H.F.;
EY81 7/6 7/- U19 7(16 2X247 9/6 DD190 9/9 OC58 17/6
2X274 DD226A 7/6 OC59
Gram: Stereo Gram; vol/
on-off; tone; double wound
EY83 8/6 L'24 7H - 2X410 EW99 Sf- OC70 18/6 mains trans.; 2 o.p. trans, for
EY84
EY86 01-
71-
U25
U28 7Y4 ■ 2X655
2X586
12/6
7/6 GET7 51- OC71 4/- 3/6 3-ohm. Also operates with two
EZ40 8/3 U191 10P13 13/6 2X599 12/6 GET16 7/3 OC73 7/6 GET8 8/- OC72 5/- speakers on Radio, Chasals
EZ41 9/6 U301 1 F 70/- 2X896 10/- GET20 10/- OC74 size: 15x7 X6Jin. high. Dial
EZ80 6/6 U404 12AC6 10/ 2X697 12/6 GET88 5/- 6/- silver
o50M;ami18-51M;
black 15 60-187M;
3m. 190-
EZ81 5/6 XJ801
GT1C 57/6 ITABC80 6/6 12AD6 2N700A 20;- GET102 61- OC75 OC76 6/-
GZ30 10/- UAF42 10/6 12AT6 : 2X1040
2X1132 19/5 GET1I4 41- OC77 5/- 8/-
VHP 86-100 Mc/b. Valves;
ECC85, ECH81, EF89, 2 x
GZ32 GETI16 Of- OC78 5/- ECL86, EM84 and Rect.
GZ34 10/-11/-
UBC41
UBC81 9/3
12AT7
12 AIT 7 61-
0 9 2X1301
2X1304
6/6
6/- GETI16
GET571
15/-
Sj-
OC81
OC81D 51-
„ BWWPi
Price £19-19.0, carr. paid.
GZ37
H63 18/-15/- tJBFSO 12AX 2X2062 7/6'GET872 6/- OC81DM 31- yc- - extra. DECODER £7.10.0
STEREO
EXF89 1 12BA6 6/- 2X2068 20r-iGET874 5/- OC81M 5/6
7/6
TJCH21 10/6 1 12BE6 6/3 2X2147 12/6 GET875 6/- OC8IZ 91- Fully
trans, built stereo uiupllfier;
for 3-ohm; vol/on-off;2 tone;
3 »utU; uiaittBchassis
balance; traaj.;type
metulwith
rect.JS t;CLS2;
3 controls 2 o.p.
on front
TJCH42 9/6 112E1
—20/-
12K7GT (2X2160 15/0
7/-:2X2369A 6ET880 5/-IOC780
4/6 GET885 9/-IOC82 61- 11' x 3J' : 4' high. £6 (8/- p. & p.),
2/6
Postage 6d. valve, transistors post free 5^1^? 6BW <, ECC82.
EF89, of ourFully
F.M.built
(V.H.P.)
£7.10.0tuner,
or as kitself£5.powered,
book ofmains, valves2/8
instructions ECC85,
(free
OPEN DAILY TO CALLERS 9 a.m.-—-5.30 p.m. No early closing with kit).
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312
 PEAK SOUND
Aids to economical high fidelity prepare now

ES/10-15
for tomorrow's
BAXANDALL
SPEAKER
"A
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SAYS
RALPH WEST
W-FI HEWS
OCTOBER, '63 Today there is a huge demand for technologists
"The immediate im- such as electronics, nuclear and computer systems
pression was of a engineers, radio and television engineers, etc. In
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were uncannily real.
Once again we see technical education which CREI, the Home Study
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Rolls Royce stan-
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Wireless
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313
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Complete stock of Mail Order Electronic MISCELLANEOUS with an explanation of the Carol CmesOund
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invited. S.A.E. for details to Box 18. RHYTHM MODULES. Build your own Centronics Ltd., Deepout, Camberley,Surrey.
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Heat, liquid and M GEARED MOTORS This
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invaluable and
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COMPUTER IN YOUR POCKET. Home, UFO DETECTOR CIRCUITS, data. 10s. (refund-
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"WADKIXS, 177 • Maesglas. Cardigan, est
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Well almost, because the NEW range of
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which LEARNS", an1 Electro Chemical 18 set Circuit and Notes ...... 5/6 P.P. 6d
a if a | XIV Mains/Portable Stereo Tape device capable of REPRODUCING BC.I000 (31 set) Circuit& Notes 5 6 P.P. 6d
itself! Other projects SU RETO INTRIGUE CR.100/B.28 Circuit and Notes 10/- P.P. 9d
Recorder. Complete with tapes and earphones. YOU are an audio transmitter receiver R.I07 Circuit and Notes........ 7 - P.P. 6d
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Marston Magna, Nr. Yeovil, Som. Marston requires NO LICENCE: also a machine 42 set Circuit and Notes ..... . 6/6 P.P 6d
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HOSTSfor
OF anyone
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MORSE ^sye !! SEND 2/6 for your list—NOW! BC.348:J.E.M.P. BC 624 22 set.
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314
 ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL (continued) SITUATIONS VACANT (continued)
SERVICE ENGINEERS—we are an old
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tions state Cost
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First-class opportunities in Radio and Electronics await the I C S trained man.
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Tim woDdertuI little set will provide hours ot ♦ C. &G. ELECTRO! IC SERVICING.
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315
 RECEIVERS AND COMPONENTS (continued)
EDUCATIONAL
GET INTO ELECTRONICS—big opportunities COMPONENTS AT GIVE-AWAY PRICES. BRAND NEW ELECTR0LYTIC8, 15 Volt, Long
for trained ipep. Learn the practical way with Digital Counters, Rev Counters, Thyristors, Wires, 2, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30. 40, 50, 100 Mfds.
low-cost Postal Training, complete with equip- Transistors, Valves, Tool Bags, Track Heads, 7/6 dozen, postage 1/-. THE C.R. SUPPLY
ment. R.T.E.B., City & Guilds. Recording Tape, Aerials, Intercoms, Micro- CO., 127 Chesterfield Rd., Sheffield, S8 0RX.
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INSTITUTE OF ENGIXEERIXG TECH- 12—2G106 + 24 Diodes 9/6 panel, vertical styling, internal batteries fc ' Z*
XOLOGY (Dept. 125K), Aldermaston Court, 8—OC72
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Ferndown, Dorset. 2—OC42 3/- 6J' 16 ohm, PC n A LOUDSPEAKERS. 2'n /C
2—GET872
24—Sil. +4—OA 10+ RF Chokes 3 for 15/—
h.f. Transistors 10/- 10 watt, 30-]8KJ&O»U.U 40 ohm. 21'80 ohm. 0/0
3—GET872 + +6—OA 3—GEX54I. ETC 22/6 4' 16 ohm, PQ 0 A 12'TWIN CONE 10 ,
L.S.T. ELECTRONIC 3—OC23
TEST CARDS. 10 + 2—OAS
6 transistors 20 for 20/- 16/- 6watt,40-16K tO.O.U watt 3 ohm.PEAK 15 or QR /
ELECTROLYTICS 3* 16 ohm,
COMPONENTS LTD. 12V, 15,000 @ 10V, 10,000 @ 30V, 4,000 @@
25,000 @ 12V, 16,000 TWEETER
„Horn type Hi-Pi 10WCR/0.3kn
18,000 c/s r
26/9
60V, 3,000Paid.
8/6 Post @ 80Vf 2,000 @ 50V, 1,200 @ 180V,
PLEASE SEE ZENER DIODES—2 4, 2-7. 3-6. 4 75, 5-25. CROSSOVER NETWORK 14/-
5-75, 6 2, 6-8. 7 5. 13. 15, 16, 18. 20, 27. 30. 33 Skc/s, 16 or 3 ohm
OUR DISPLAY ADVERTISEMENT ON volts. 3/6 each, mostly J watt REFLEX CONE TYPE MULTIMETERS 32/-
PAGE 247 POLYSTYRENE
820, 1,800, 2,200, 2,700,CAPS.
6,800,I25/350V. 270,680,
8,200, 1.200/12SV, WATERPROOF SPKR. CHARGER from
3,900,0-01, 0-012, 0-0152/-doz. 4-40pf trimmers 5 watt, 3 ohm. 300- TRANSFORMER.
4/-doz. Postage!/-. 16.000c/8 PA 4 Amp.
BRAND NEW2—OC29 BOXED12 CHASSIS contain- 21/6
PEAC OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS, ready ing 2—OC3S,
Postage 1/6.
WW resistors 25/-. Sfc £3.10.0 2/6/12 volt 3/- F/P
built on printed circuit board. Tested and NEW CROSS RADIO SUPER SILICON RECT. T.V., ' etc., 1,200 PIV
guaranteed. 34/- each, post free. WESTEK, 6 OLDHAH ROAD, MANCHESTER 4 800mA, 5/-; or complete with instr. resistor,
P.O. Box 7, Rickmansworth, Herts. condenser, 6/6; 400 PIV6 HW 6A, 6/-; 200 PIV HW
6A, 6/-. BY100 type, for 10/-.
VHP AIRCRAFT BAND CONVERTER 75/-
Place within lin. of MW radio
BURGLAR
DOOR BELL.ALARM LIST FIRE
37/6. ALARM/
OUR PRICE 7/6
Single channel Radio Control at a price you can afford
CHANGER DECKS
UA25 BSR with template. Mono. ~~
List £7.16.0
RADIO CONTROL PRODUCTS 'UA25 BSR with template, Stereo. List £7.19,8
1025 Garrard with template. Mono. List £7.19.6
EXCELLENT RANGE AND PERFORMANCE 1025 Garrard with template. Stereo. List £8.5.0
TRANSMITTER— | RECEIVER— PLINTH
Clearviewinrigid
simulated teak.cover
perspex Complete with LJtUiU
for 1025. PC C fl
• Crystal controlled toneTx. P/P on Decks, Plinth and Cover 7/6
Relayless weight l^oz. SWITCH ROTARY RECIPROCATING 4
I2v. operation. Silicon Size 2^ x Ijr x | in., working on Position, 15amp. Single hole fixing, with R h
transistors. In smart blue ■4.5 volts. In matching instructions.
C6Q CASSETTE List12.6.
14/7 C90 18/6
anodised case with micro-switch. blue case. Stamped envelope for full selection and bargain
Tx only £6 - 5 - 0 offers in MULTIMETERS, RADIOS, BABY
Rx only £4-5-0 ALARMS, INTERCOMS, WALKIE-TALKIES,
SUITABLE FOR MODELS OF ALL KINDS RECTIFIERS.
Lists. SINCLAIR,
UNDERC.O.D. DULCI,
£1—P.3/6.& P.MAIL £1AND
6d.,ORDER EAGLE
to £3—1/6
ONLY £10- 10-0 COMPLETE over £3—2/6. ONLY'
Full off-the-shelf Guarantee, including crash damage, for I year
OBTAINABLE FROM- DURHAM SUPPLIES
MODEL MART
3 COMBERTON ROAD RADIO CONTROL PRODUCTS 36 7 F, KENSINGTON STREET
KIDDERMINSTER. Tel. 5879 OR DIRECT FROM 38TRANCHE ROAD
KIDDERMINSTER, WORCS. BRADFORD 8, YORKSHIRE

316
 RECEIVERS AND COMPONENTS (continued)

R 6 a RADIO
51 Burnley Road, Rawtenstall
Rossendafe, Lanes
Tel.: Rossendale 3152
VALVES BOXED. TESTED ft G UARANTEED electroValDe
BF80 3/- EBC4I 4/6 PY33 5h
EBF89 3/6 PCC84 3/- PY8I 3/6 RA|,I
ECC82 3/- PCF80 3/- PY82 3/- H MAIL order service
ECL80 3/- PCF82 3/6 UI9I 4/6
EF80 1/6 PCL82 41- 6F23 5/- IJnbeatablv Value in
EF85 3/- PCL83 41- 30F5 2/6 RESISTORS
EY86 6/- PL36 51- 30LI5 51- semiconductors; METAL
EL4I 5/- PL8I 41- 30PI2 4/6 0B n
OXIDE type TR5 0-6W 2% tolerance. Very
BZ40 4/6 PL83 41- 30CI5 5/- I 30W BAILEY AMPLIFIER
313491 \ pr, ^' ^ tfpPC^nre coefficient, low drift.
POST. ONE VALVE 9d. TWO TO SIX 6d. I matched pair output, 59/-: 403(51 U,to IMQ, Price;resistor. AH £24
1 to II 10d; 12 topreferred
25 6d; 25values
up 8d.10Q
II 4^? 13/9»matched BC12o pair
12/-; driver,
BC125 30/8d:
12/-: 40361
BC107 12/6-
2/9' CARBOR FILM high stab low noise. i
OVER SIX POSTPAID.
■I rKEE«4th
J-BEE with each M in
i?complete Fc "'ar 'ect.12 6
"T; transistor U:lVSo D 10 3 3n W5 30
' 10310,1/0Uoz..-i f18,6tv 100."in 1/10 duz., j
i1 oSv m5s S Tot31 0 c<
£Ti forel £7 0 w lh 10 JJV 10% 4-70 to
< yf tw 0 * £14.16.0
: 11channels % list: i " 5% 4-717 to 10Mn. S,0 doz., 17/- 100.
TRANSISTOR BARGAIN!
High-gain low-noise npn planars I supply kit J? £4.5.0 list. onCircuit
j, i12-reprints 1/- each. power 1W
-8- Complete 10% 7-7n to 10MO, 8/3 doz., 86,10 100.
1,6 less per 100 If ordered in complete lOOs of one
BUY NOW BEFORE PRICES RISE! I| Price
G.E. 2N2928 PLASTIC RAITGE ohmlc
Please value.
state resistance calues required.
reductions Carbon Skeleton pre-eeta: lOOn, 250c, 500c. Ike.
SJrJJSB (hfe = 250 - 500 @ lc = '2mA) ?/!? Tt ^ 8 1° 55 2 3 0rau
:/ gc spot - 00 to 180 2fcO, 2-5kn, 6kO. 10kC, 20kD,25kO,oOCk, 100kG.
BCI68C (hfe = 450 - 500 @ Ic = 2mA) | to 470 2/9™' ~ 2/0; Green spot — 235 200fcO, 250kO, SOOkO, 1MO, 2Mn, 2-5MO. 5MC,
BCI68B is a smaller sized (TO 92) EXACT I All the above brand new stock. 10MO • Vertical
Small high quality,or1/-
horizontal mounting.type lid each. '
each; Sub-mln,
ELECTRJCAL EQUIVALENT of
IJ TEXAS SHECT RANGE PRICES REDUCED
BC108. BCI7i,'ikely direct
BCI83L. substitute for
2N2925,2N2926 30V 800mA, npn:
I 23f3704 — 90 to 330 3/9
BC108 20V
~ 125 to 900 2/6 2/R W PEAK SOUND
green, etc. These transistors have high 2if3705 - 45 to 163 3/J BC109 20V
audio gain at collector currents down to a I 25V 200mA pnp'. ^ 105 nnn pia
few//A. At normal currents they can be ^4^ -= ^ to 300 3 6 BC167 PRODUCTS
used from d.c. to v.h.f. | 2>t3703 30 to 150 8/3/ SOONHz fT, serfe
T092);(ison^v
I small signal npn: BC167 45V X' c ak Sound PA. 12-5 Power Amplifier has a maximum [
MAXIMUM RATINGS (both types) | 2N3707 low noise 4/- ^ 105 tn 500 9/1 distortion level of only 0-1%foratready
11-5W, into ISO.
VCES 30V; VCEO 20V; VEBO 5V 2N37111 - 1180 to 660 3/11 BCI68 20V ' In kit form £3.19.6, plus 12/- prepared heat j
PC 220m W. I[ o^n^o ^ pnp :
2^4058 low180noise : 4/9 „ BC169 20V - 125 to 900 21- sink and mounting board. Power supply PSAS Kit I
£4.10.0. kit 27/- plus controls mono: 6/3; stereo 20/-. ;
IC iOOmA d.c. 200mA peak. Audio I " r 10 660 4/3 — 240Bto 900 2/3 Pre-amptone
NF 2dB typ., IOdB max. ft = 300MHr I BCltl7?<S??r
SOOMHz .S S5„o300,'lW ?lowC10a
fT, TOI8; noise.^ C163 + Active stereo 16/—. filter kit 19/—allowable
Xo discounts plus controls:
on basicmono 6/—, I
kite only.
Bulk purchase enables us to offer these II -45^
= 12o BC167, EC1C8 and BC160
superb i Beta values fortoabove,
600 2/9quoted areimmediately
plastic, after type
THANmodern silicon transistors at LESS 3k
WHOLESALE PRICES. All mint, I numbers. ^ ELECTROLYTICS
top grade, with
marks.can Why makers'
buy genuine numbers
unknownarticles and
quantities trade
when | FETs—Prices max reduced 2 SUB-MIX.
you get the at these C426 range (/xF/V): 0 04/04, 1/40, 1-6/25, 2-5/10,
prices ? Send 6d. for full list. I 2X3819 2oV max.,-'gra --2 toto6ma/V, CmA/V,lowlownoise
noise9/-.7/8; 2-5/64,4/10, 4/40,5/64,
10/64, 12-5/25, 16/10,o-4/6-4,
16/40,0-4/25,8/4,10/2-5,10/16,
20/10, 20/64, 25/6-4,
EITHER TYPE OR MIXED; f MINI TRANSISTORS—Prices Reduced 25/25, 32/4, 32/10, 32/40, 32/64, 40/2-5, 40/16, 50/6-4,
2X4285 pnp hFE 35 to 150 @ 10mA fT TMHz nun. 50/25, 50/40, 64/4, 64/10, 80/2-5 80/16, 80/25.
Sfor 10/-; 50for90/-; U.K. postpaid I \ eblmA 35Vmax.; 2X4286 npn 30VhFE over 100 @ lO/i^V 125/4, 125/10, 126/16, 160y2-5. 200/6-4, 200/10,100/6-4,
250/4,
AMATRONIX LTD (PE) II 100 ^L @ 11 280MHz typ.; 2X4289 pnp 60V hFE over 320/2*5, 320/6-4, 400/4, 500/2-5. *'Price reduction 1/3 I1
40V100/rA
llPE over to 1mA100 fT 170MHz typ.; 2X4291 each.
396 Selsdon Road. Soulh Croydon. Surrey. CR2 ODE I ® 100mA, 2X3794 npn 40V MOTATURE (/xF/V):
II . & 30VIOOmA,
UHFcomplementary driver/ont- 5/10, 100/10,
10/10, 200/10,
25/10, 1/-50/10,
each; 9d50/50,each.
100/25,25/25.
1'6; i
npn
IJ temp. p 5i0MHz 6dB max@ @10010031Hz.
o
base 50/25,
35V, hFE over I0OPower
typ.; B5041 @ 0-5A. 14-3W InsulatedCT06G 100/60, 25/25, 8/-. 'I
I size mounting 2X4285 10
surface. LARGE ELECTROLYTICS 0xF/V);
RELAYS, RELAYS J1 18/8. 2X4292 aud 2X3794 2/11; B5041 im™?!:-™*/™*!*' ^00/6415/-. Vertical clips, 5000/50 for above17/6tj*pcs
; 5000/25
M each.10/3;
1
703304), 1C/0 3 am,, I 1X5054 it' 3/6 only. GEHEBAl H7EP0SE RECTIFIER tyi^
10 an,I, <B-4 E- 1,000 0-75A miniature rectifier type TS1 1/9; 400A' W* CAPACITORS |
| type TS4 2/3.
| voltagee,DIODES
ZEHER 4/6 each.3V to 27V o% 400mW all preferred Ceramic00disc 20% 500V: l.OOOpF. a.OOOpr, u.OOOpF.
1 1 Break 3
' 1 1
100V: l.OOOpF, , 'SA C^3,000pF '. 0-05fiF.c,000pF,
Mylar lllmOOluF, 10%
llJkc:ulvT^ 40 0 h 2C/0 3 ar
ke 3 amp <Mai? et,c 1> ice
- ° " ' HEW TRAHSISTOR B, JJOAIHS 0-02ul, O'J.vrF. Polj-styrenc 5% 160V: 22pP pre-
(Allied ^ . ? ^' "P Sealed, Octal Base ferred e-alues to 820pF. ALL w) 5d each. Polvester
d c.Controls
300 ohm.828425 BJHX8).
1 Break.10/610each
1 L P ES SUPI L1eu with
24V 1 Make, amp (B. A KS itl ?T1IG SE?| ' r*™ 250V 20%: 0-01, 0 015, 0 023, 0-033, 0-047, 0*068riF7d
R. Relays. Contactor), 6/6 each 2^*696
2X697 6/6 2X171 16/9
6/-6 2N2369A
2X2147 7/4 2X4060
40250 4/3 BC149
16/- BC148 4/3 3/8 1/2: 0-471/6; 84. l/tF 250V 10%; 4,-.0-15, 0-22 Sd; 0-33 I
2 3; 22(iF
V 1 21Iake I5amP <Ma tiC
?0
110V 34M) 72/S'^ amp'(Londex),
Make,h3 3amp (tondex),7/6tit^ OV^SO ill
113213 a,
0 (9v
40406 16/S BD123
W*
310V a.c.a.c. 4C/0, each
each I BS
I oSioS2
' 2X2646 / 40408 14/6 BF194 7/-
9/8 AC126 6/8 BPX29 12/3 »r» POTENTIOMETERS
Mtolatnre movinj coll 2 x 100 ohm, 1C/0, LID |I owHt?
2X1304 4/- f 2X29252X2924 5/9 5/- AC176
AC128 11/- 6/- BFX85
BPX84 9/3 7/6 Priced Reduced
H ; J ^'(ElectroMethod. 415), Je/J each 2X1305 4/- 0/9 2X3053 6/6 AD161
ACYl? 7/- 8/- BiX88 !(5 Short spindle
1 OO fi95/T^Td71 )f^S f~ each111P {M^"UC 1>"l«" J 2X1306 2X305416/6
2X1807 6/9 2X3055 16/6 AD162 7/- BFY51 4/- Long 8pmdie
7/9 values. Only1003 to lOMn llu, 5Kn to OKa log. sld. 1
2/- each.
3 a^ , (Magnet !
" " 2X1308 8/9 8/9 2X3391A AF114 7/ 28X20 4/6 log. Only 2/64-7kft each.
lOkn, 22kO, 47kn, ICOkO, lin i
24V V a C
MV dd.c.; ' 160?makohm k' 'r?.'^ 2 8220961
. "/SexA
2C/0. 10 amp (CNZ.B27927). I 2X1613 6/8 2X3706 3/3 5/8 AF124
BC147 7/8 4/3 XKT40314/10 Long spindle dual stereo: 10kC 22kC, 47kG lOOko I1
0/8 each " 220kO lin or log. Only 8/8 each. ^
?^w d c 4 0 oh 2
.
A? J Stepping £ ™-.
Rrumfield 9/9' 3 am
828425), P Sea^d OcUl Base
4V
8,8 d.c.
each Solenoid (will10/6
takeeach
wafer switches) ALU GOODS BRAND NEW-NO SURPEUS
Cut out Switch. Normal current 6 amp. At 10 amp 0f 1 08t 11, t0 Jate
Belay will operate and disconnect own supply For I Send " ' «<- every sorkms nscr.
series working (Marconi W9785 E.I).A.), 2.'8 each J COMPOHEHT DIKODFIS
1,250 ohm -f 1,250 ohm (SE
+ 330 ohm (3E «pn\ii
12TR). ^
36 hm 3SE 38A
30 ohm< + -110 ohm >. (30,23).
ohm
m/B each. "
e 9 n
in the» £1Jfylor "e
Post; andnewPacking.
condition.
Minimum Pleaseorder
add10/-.
4/-
K. G, SUPPLIES EEECTROVAECE
32A ST. JUDES ROAD, ENGLEFIELD GREEN, EGHAM, SURREY
10 Mallow Streot, London, E.C.I Telephone: EGHAM 5533 (STD 0784-3)

317
 HOLIDAYS PLEASE MENTION
receivers and components PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS
(coniinaed) um mav FOR BOYS 14/16 years August
work WHEN REPLYING TO
^°ud^n^ go-ka^ng? ' 11 ^6y^--^l;^®• ADVERTISEMENTS
CHB.ISTIANeFELciCOA PHIP^^Mer}'^^0116
Lane, I^ondon ^ .1.
s?milar to 0044, and silicon similar to 00.02.
worth, Herts.

hi-fi solid state audio amplifier

10 Watts continuous sine wave out-
WE ARE BREAKING UP COMPUTERS put. 15 Watts music power. Output
EX COMPUTER^WNTEO CIRCUIT , 3-16 ohms impedance. Frequency
5S ^ response 15 Hz to 18 Khz-ldB.^
lin x 4in pscksd with s«m;."rtnedsuc"rs and t0P
pytr":"rorSb"aPrdTX- d,pf &' P. i,-. with a Distortion at full power <0-15%.
IpTc.AL This instrument comes to you com-
P I P. 3/67B^M PACKt'T/boardt
With a guaranteed mm,mumtorof El85 plete with pre-amplifier, mam
n
*^)0 boards 65/-. P. & P- 6/6. With a guaranteed amplifier and power unit. (A.C.
Mains) in modern styled aluminium
r? stelvtite case.
Factory built and tested for the
amazingly low price of 16 Gns.
P&0WERTRANSISTORS sim. to 2N174 ex eqpt., P. & P. 5/6.
SL7s^Nfe?SLrp. r?™"*on
kp°T ?3/f drz..TDpfTGt"-d».,Tp HAEP- ~ wes SUNDERLAND ELECTRICS
ORGAN BUILDERS'
TRANSISTORS on panels.SPECiAL
£4, P. « r.SOO
o, TO,8 48 Princess . Street, Manchester
oar M//TW 1
PNClUIRIES PLEASE.
OVERLOAD CUT OUTS Panel m^untmg^nthe TRADE ENQUIRIES INVITED S.A.E. WITH ENQUIRIES PLEASE.
following values ... 5/- ea^n.
MINIATURE GLASS pi EO NS, 11/6 dox.
P.&P. 1/6. oomGE RECTIFIERS on
HNNED HEAT SINK. IT- + i'"- P "'
large capacity electrolytics
diin, 2in diam. Screw
+
term.naU
^MOmF' ' 72V d-t. wkg. CRESCENT RADIO LTD. The RADIO AMATEURS
tlLOOOmF 51^1; wK:
tioOmF IBOVd.c. wkg. {electronic component specialists)
6 TOmF
25.000mF lav
l2V dd cc wk|
- - wkg- lOH^afRold/wcr^UrN.ZZ HANDBOOK 45/-
Send I/-stamps for list. For -^-^S'wcld^r^'NS ^ l969Ed. by A.R.R.L. Postage 4/6
KEYTR0N1C8,52 Earls Court Road SOME COMPONENT BARGAINS AUDIO AMPLIFIERS by Data 10/6,
5/- each P.&P. I'-
London, W.8. Mail order only OC19 power transistor the designers guide to
Model motor 6 to 12 volt, 9,000 rpm, ^ each BRITISH TRANSISTORS by Kampel
400 m/a 25/-. P. & P. 1/6-
I inch spun aluminium standard 4_inch HI-FI YEAR BOOK l»6» ED. 15/-
^lesi|rnUa?6ntoh ^^^uipment 1/6 each
low AMPLITIEES UNDERSTANDING t EL^CTRO wj/f
Double
standard Pole
mams Rotary
type on/off switch ^ TEST EQUIPMENT by Risse. 30/-.
ssars. tow Transistor radio cabinet ideal tor your ^ P. & P. 1/6.
trana.
chassis 4mounting.
^He EF94^,e-,ECC91. Coniplele transistors in logical
>..A(, p & p. 10/-. home built radio. 6 x 3i ^ 4 men CIRCUITS by Altes. I*/- P. & P. I
tdth circuit drawings. £2.10.0. ?■ « r. au/
P.19 &aetP. power
10/-. unit, nevr with handbook, £3.10.0. I 2^ inch 80 ohm loudspeaker RADIO
HANDBOOK COMMUNICATIONS
by R.S.G.B. 63/-. P.& P« / •
Mixer Units Type 18 M.F., L.F. lalv. Wearlte Hyperloy Transformer type ^ each
V885. 10/-. P. A F-2/5- I 210 PRACTICAL OS CI L L O S C ^P E
Micro-Ammeter, tor Instrument Mounting. O-lOOmA 120 volt 250 m/a tv! rectifier HANDBOOK by Turner 25/-. P- «
30/-.. F. A F. 2/6. Car suppressor coil type
Micro-Ammetera Type Y 0-l«0mA, Hcayy duty F.E.T. PRINCIPLES EXPERIMENTS
with lead.. £3. P. A P. 6/-. 500 mtd 12 volt electrolytic capacitor 1/3 each & PROJECTS by Noll. 40/-. P. & P- ^/ •
Flexible Metal Tubing. Galyanieed; I tot. dia.
35'- 100ft. P. A P. 7/6. Toggle switch mains standard type 1/6 each 49 EASY TRANSISTOR PROiEC:JS by
Brown and Kneitel. 16/-. P. & P. I 3.
Field telephones Type F. 32 6. P. A P. 7|5- Connecting blocks, 4 wa7 Jtandard^ ^ doj SERVICING DIGITAL DEVICES b>
CHASSIS UNIT. 7 valves ECC82 (3), EB91 (3h screw type
6F33 and (1). cans.
45 20/-. r. & r. 4/0. Bargain boards, comoute^boar^ tul^o^tran. Kyto- P-& p- "6-
bases
CABLE. Six core (75 yd approx.) and drum toVthe'ho^e^onttruTtor 7 boards-.O,-
assembly. 25/-. P. & P- 4/6*
Bewmance perlormance
5,260-3,340Mc/s. £10. P.teatew.
&
P- 10S ' hand,
• 0-26dB. With our haw P-itos^
RPND TIS
SEKD US YOUR U
^ NTS>TRANSFORMER
m STOCK REQU1RE- n°r.n°/
enthusiast.(or the home constructor and UNIVERSAL BOOK CO.
lt000
S.A.E. FULL LIST. POST AGE WITH ORDER PLEASE 12 LITTLE NEWPORT ST., LONDON, W.C.2
(Leicester Square Tube Station)
STATUS SUPPLIES Our
copy new catalogue is now available at 1/6 per Phone 01-437 4560
STATUS BOUSE, WILKIS30K AVE., BLACKPOOL

318
 VALVES ^ SAME
NEW! TESTED! DAY SERVICE GUARANTEED! ERSIN
5 1 5 1T S 3 4>
S ETS Set S of^ !4 for
; ifrg.
^i DAP96.
i;. Z VAF91,
DF96, DK96, DL96. 4DL92,
DF91, DK91, for 88/-DL94
0Z4 4/6 I9B66G17/8 DL92 5/9 EL90 5/- | PENA4 12/8 TJCC84 715
1A7GT 7/8 20F2 13/6 DL94 6/9 EL95 51- PEN35C13/- UCC85 6/6 > u i u i ■ l ll
1E6GT 7/8 20P3 11/9 DL96 71- EM80 6/9 PFL20012/- GCF80 8/3 /i
1NS6T 7/0
lEfi 6/6 20P4 18/6 DY86 6/8 EM81 ■- PL36 9/6 UCH42 9/9
186 4/8 25U46TI1/6
30C1 6/9 Dy87 5/0
EABC80 6/6 EiI84
EM87 PL81 7/3 UCH81 6/6
PL82 8/8
1T4 8/9 80C15 13/- EAF42
384 6/9 30C18 9/- EB91 2/3 EY86 8/9 EY61 PE83 8/8 TJCL82
UCL83 11/6
71- 5 CORE ^3^ SOLDER
SV4 6/9 30F6 18/6 EBC33 7/6 EZ40 PL84 6/8 XJF41 9/0 Contains 5 cores of non-corrosive flux, instantly
PL600 12-
6U4G 4/8 30FL1 12/6 EBC41 8/3 EZ41
6Y3GT 7/6
6/9 30FL1214/6 EBF80 8/- EZ80 PL504 12/8 UF80 UF86 cleaning heavily oxidised surfaces. No extra flux
6Z4G 30FL14 10/6 EBF89 6/3 EZ81 PL508 16/- UF89 8/8
6/30L2 12/8 30L1 6/- EGC81 8/9 GZ32 PL802
PM84 14/8 UE41
7/9 UL44 20/- 9/6 required. Ersin Multicore Savbit Alloy also reduces wear
6AL6 2/8 SOLIS 14/- ECC82 4/9 KT32 PX25 10/6 UL84 6/8 0
> copper soldering iron bits.
0AM6 8/8 30L17 13/- ECC83 71- KT61 PY31 6/6 TJM84 """
6AQ5 4/9
0AT6 4/- 30P4 12/- ECC84 6/8 KT66 16/- Py32
30P12 11/9 ECC85 5/- ME140015/- PY33 10/- 10/- uy4i 7/6 71-
8AU6
8BA6 4/9
4/6
30P19
30PL1
12/-
12/6 ECC80412/6
ECFSO 71- K78
PABC80
14/9
71- PY81 6/3 UY86
VP4B 10/6 6/9
VIV
SIZES SIZE 15
6BE6 4/8 30PL13 14/6 ECF82 0/9 PC86 8/8 PY83 6/9 Z77 8/8 PY82 61- VP1S2121/- SOLDER
6BJ6 71- 30PL14 16/- ECH35 0/- PC88 9/6 PY88 6/3 AC107 8/8 HANDY SOLDER
6BW6 18/-
8F13 8/6 3aL6GT85W4 4/8 8/- ECH42 10/8 PC96 8/6 PY800 8/9 AC127 21-
ECH81 6/9 DISPENSER DISPENSER
0F14 S/- 36Z4GT 51- ECH84 6'9 PC97 8/8 PY80I 6/9 A3>140 7/8 Contains 21 ft. coil
6F23 18/8 6083 12/6 ECL80
6K7G 2/8 AZ31 9/- ECL82 6/9 6/9 PC900 8/3
PCC84 51- B19 6/6
R20 12/0 AF102 AFlie 18/- 8/- Contains 10 ft. coil of 60/40 Alloy,
6K8G 4/8 B729 12/8 ECL83 9/- PCC85 PCC88 6/8
9/9 TH21C
U26
9/9
18/- AF116 31- of 18 s.w.g. Ersin 22 s.w.g. Ideal for
flL18 6/- CCH35 10/- ECX86 8/3 PCC89 10/8 U26 1£/- AF117 1
AF124 7/6 8/8 Multicore Savbit small components,
8V6G 5/- CL33 18/8 EFSO 3/9 PCC189 9/9 !I U47 13/8 AF125 Alloy. 2/6 each.
6V6GT
0X4 8/6 6/8 CY31 6/9 EF41 9/8 PCF80 6/9 U49 13/6 AF126 8/0 71- transistors, diodes,
0X6GT DAC32 7/3 EFSO 4/9 PCF82 6/-
6/9 DAF91 4/3 EF85 5/8 PCF86 9/3 U78 3/6 OC26 8/6 TJ62 4/8 AF127 etc. 3each.
7B6 10/9 DAFfl6 6/- EF86 6/3 PCF80013/6 U191 12/8 OC44 2 8
7B7 0/0 7/- DF33 7/9 EF89 5/8 PCF801 7/-
7C6 DF91 2-9 EF91 8/8 PCF805 9/6 U301
PCF802 8/- U801 18/6 OC46 2/8
18/- n BIB MODELS
7X4 e/6 DF96
10F1 15/- DH77 4/- EF1836,'- EP94 4/9
PCF80611/6 UAJBC80 6/8 OC71
OC72 2/8
2/8 SIZE 12 w- , WIRE STRIPPER
10P13 16/8 DH81 10/9 EF184 6/9 PCF80810'8 UAF42 9/8 OC75 2/6
12AT7 8/9 I)K32 7/6 EH90 6/8 PCL82 71- UB41 UBC41
6/6 OC81 8/8
7/9 Ideal for home r T AND CUTTER
12ATJ8 4/9 DK91 5/6 EL33 O'Q PCL83 9/- UBC81 7/- OCSID 2/8 constructors.
12AU7 4/9 BK92 9/3 EL34 9/6 PCL84 7/6 UBF80 8/- OC82 2/3 Strips insulation
12AX7 4/9 Contains 90 ft.
32S8GT 7/- DK96 71-
DL35 51- EL41 EL84 9/84/9 PCL85
PCL86 3/6
8/3 UBF89 5,-6 "9 OC170
x;c92 5 '- OC82D
8/6J iLU92 2/6
OC170 £ 2/8 of 18 s.w.g. Ersin 1
m cleanly and
■ quickly, fitted
Multicore Savbit \ ! 1■ with unique 8
READERS RADIO (P.E.) Alloy on a plastic ' ■ gauge wire
85 E8SEX
JfRREQvUAY GARDE
NS, REDBRIDGE, reel. 15/- each. selector. Plastic
- Tel. 01-550 7ILFORD, 441
1 aIv 9d tra 0n
T Any7 Parcel
5 • ,"Insured
- agaznafc
2-valve8 or more, pogtagc6d.6d extra.
per . 1 handles. 9 6 each.
Damage In Tranait rSk iui0m 5'ec^r'ca ' ani' Hardware shops.Hempstead,
If unobtainable,Herts.
write to;
Sx? Multicore Solders Ltd., Hemel
~r
LOW miniature
NOISE —CARBONresistors FILM
wa
f| watt
" 5% E24 Series 3/6 per
5% E24 Series 3/9 per doz.
doz.
iwatt 10% E12 Series 3/3 per doz. NEW STOCK LISTS WENTWORTH
rs^cK- 104 SALISBURY ROAD, HIGHRADIO
BARNET 01-449 3087
i watt 10% E12 Series 3/6 per doz.
Minimum order 1 doz.—-mixed values
Free postage and packing but C.W.O OAS f/6 BYI00 4/6 2N2926
ABRAHAM and PARTNERS OA9 1/6 BFY50 «/< NKTI2I 2/9
71 Kenley Road, London, S.W.I9 OC44 2/6 BFY5I 4/- 8/6
OC45 1/8 BFY52 NKTI22 S/M
OC7I 2/3 BFY53 «/- NKTI26 6/3
OC72 2/6 AC 126 4/9 NKTI28 6/-
OC75 3/9 4/6 NKT2I3 6/
BATTERY ur,nin ELIMINATORS OC8I 2/2 AC 127 V- NKT2I4 3/9
OCSID 2/3 2N404 Sh NKT2I5 4/9
lAr.irfaL7^X«^r„LAYER « your TRANSISTOR OCI70 2N696 S/- NKT274 41-
AMPI^PicI etc. ^
AMPLIFIER, Types 'TAPE RECORDER.
available: 9v: 7iv:6v- OCI7i 2/9
2/3 2N697, 51- NKT275 41-
4iy (single output) 39/6 each. P. & p. 2/9. OC20I 2/3 2N706 5/3 NKT403 16/
. S A V + 6v or 4 v
„ : ' + (two separate BCf07 41- 2NI304 51- NKT405 14/9
outputs) 42/6 each. P. A P. 2/9. Please state BCI08 2N2923 4/- NKT7I3 5/3
™ PU t eqU ire d AM the above
. /. isolated
completely - . - from mains by double are 3/9 2N2924 4/- NKT773 4/9
wound transformerJensuring 100?., safety. BCI09 4/- 2N2925 51- NKT78I
BCY43 71- 5/9
,_ BCY70 5 N KT16229 12/
(P«p5-C.S. PRODUCTS
. P.E.), (RADIO)
31 Oliv.r Road. LTD.E.I7
London. /- Cash with Order P. & P. If- NKT20329 12/6

BUILD YOUR CIRCUITS AMAZING MINI-DRILL

Indispensable for precision
on drilling, grinding, polishing,
FOR etching, gouging, shaping.
Precision power for the
PRECISION enthusiast. Shockproof.
Completely
MODEL from 4y volt portable power
VEROeOARD external
Mini WORK scopebattery. So much more
-the Universal Wiring Board—"' with MINI-DRILL.
obtainable from your local Retailer Super Kit (extra power, in-
terchangeable chuck) 79 6
Trade enquiries to: p.p. 2/6.
De Luxe Professional Kit
GORMAN ROSE (ELECTRICAL) LTD
8 St. Chad's Place, Gray's Inn Road, London. W C 1
/ with 17 tools 130 - pP □P
4/6.
Technical enquiries to: + B TOOLS Money Ref. Guarantee.
VERO ELECTRONICS LTD.
Industrial Estate, Chandler's Ford, Hants HHilll.iUIIJJt'lilil
Dept. PE3D, Nailsea, Bristol BSI92LP

319
 r/te most accurate
pocket size <J« T1Mt

DC
,p Srse-"'! sF-" '!:8 CALCULATOR
•Post and Packing 3/-. /- J
I TRANSISTORS in the world
I OCSOS. OC204, all at 2/- each.
SA^Pat'nfilach8^65' 2G344A' 2G345A' 2G3«B, 2G371A, The 66 inch OTIS KING scales give
a11 you extra accuracy. Write today
UnmaTeS: ^ tof free booklet, or send 82/6 for
this invaluable spiral slide rule
^ ^P 71). 2/- each. on approval with money back pnti
I rectifiers
Cadmium sulphide light-sensitive resistors 9/-■ guarantee if not satisfied. VOOKUT on
'-TD. (Dept. PE 22) \hequest
54 Dundonald Road, London, S.W.19
MULLARD POLYESTER CAPACITORS
O-OOluF am ..FAR BEL0W COST PRIci! RS
O-^l^uF 400 volts " 34 •• 6d

I2in. DE-LUXE HKII £9

MLiS I a^iS;: .J
satisfying sound from a single loudspeaker
t n m ca spectrum
±5db. 25 n /-1a
to 16,000 iii5t c.p.s.
'' The unit virtually flat
consists
dolI ble cone
1 . i woofer and
f ,yp s and vaIues
' i 10 i w'^- '^cRRrnBA ^together with a special Baker
7 . /Signet "sembly having a flux
wY^ OUND RESJ value^^/^TocT'ss^^OOO* ^ ^ t0 ISO (M 0
M ■ sau s and a t tal nu of
150,CX30 Maxwells, Bass resonance l ° *
32-38
™f^ STORS, 1 wattlo lO wa^fs. JS bags only. ,5 watts V
lr-jf-f
or s or i c .
ohm -
Su,t. °i«
b roils available
ACOSRD PLAYER CARTRIDGES Fidelity CSystem. Design
a d pr sram ,ed
i- »capability
'e for any High
concept
GP 67/2 ^ . 8 't ,third generation hardware
GP 91/3 Mono.Stereo Compatible IS/-complete with needles. giving fantastically delightful sound.
GP 93/1 Stereo Ceramic £1/5/- Further details and
cGP n pick-up
Small
94/1
• Stereocomplete
uieieu
arms Ceramicwith cartridge
i^eramic 5- and needle, 10/- only,
fl/S/- 48 page Enclosure
Manual 5/9 post paid. Baker Reproducers Ltd
UNREPEATABLE OFFER! Bensham Manor Road Passage, Thornton Heath. Surrey. 01-684 1665
GIANT SELENIUM PHOTO-CELLS
PRODUCE UP TO 6ma FROM DAYLIGHT'
67mm. diameter (29.2 sq. cm.) 10/- each
50mm. x 37mm. (16,5 sq. cm.) 2 for 10/-
IpSS -^F./A-F. ,0/-
TRANSISTORISED REV. COUNTER KIT 10/-'
| VEROBOARDx
Jim x 2im.!!n 0*1 Sin matrix
0-1 Sin matrix 3/31/6 17m X 2im 0-I5in matrix 11/- MARTIN
3|m X 3im 0T5in matrix 3/11 3jm 17in 3fin 0-I5in matrix 14/8
5in x 2iin 0-1 Sin matrix 3/11 3|in : S^in 2iin O-Iin matrix 4/2
5m x 3iin 0-1 Sin matrix 5/6 0-Iin matrix 4/9
5m
5m
x 21m
3
0-Iin matrix 4/7 IS HIGH FIDELITY
Spot Face Cutter 7/6. tv t ^ ltn 0-Iin
Insert Tool 9/6. Terminal Pins matrix 5/6
3/6—36.
AIULTDVIETERS20,000
x— —onms ohms per volt, How would you like to start with
Ranges: ax. 1,000V, 500V, 100V, 50Vvolt.I0V plus a simple amplifier, say, and add to
d.c. 250mA, 2-5mA, 50«A it until it became a fully stereo
d.c. 2,500V, 500V, 250V, 50V, 25V 5V twenty watt amplifier with FM
Resistance: 0/60kn and 0/6MG. Special price £4 only. tuner and facilities to take the most
ADD-ON-ABILITY sensitive low output pickups ever
|IELECTROLYTIC
-
7y»/K 3T volt
0'25fiF Acondensers
,t«t» ' 4fiF
-.T- 4d volt.. 1 lO^F 25 volt
IfiF 6 volt 4a£F 12 volt 20fiF 6 volt 64fiF 9 volt
lOO/fF 9 volt THRILLING POWER made? With Martin Audiokits
it's easy, for with these superbly
IfiF 20 volt 4/iF 25 volt 25pF 6 volt 320yuF 4 volt engineered all-transistor prefabri-
1-25ftF 16 volt 5nF 6 volt 25/iF 12 volt 320(uF 10 volt DEPENDABILITY cated units, success is built in from
2/iF 3 volt 6fiF 6 volt 2SMF 25 volt 400JUF 6*4 volt
, 2fiF 350 volt 8/rF the start and you build to your own
2'SfiF 16 volt S^F 123 volt 30/jF
volt 30fiiF 106 volt volt
All at 1/- each. GENUINE ECONOMY preferred plan. IT'S A MONEY
S/iF 25 volt S^F 50 volt 50/zF 6 volt SAVING SCHEME, TOO.
3'2iiF 64 volt IO^uF 6 volt 64/UF 2*5 volt 20 assorted Detcffs from:- # Trade enflufr,es inYUed
(our selection)
10/-. MARTIN ELECTRONICS LTD., 155 High Street, Brentford,
IlTOERS™ ffiEVe?cThENTIOMETCRS- I00a lOOKQ, Middlesex. ISLeworth 1161
laai: ma oDS^ mgaisg gjg- To MARTIN ELECTRONICS, 155 High Street
TAPE RECORDER MICROPHONES nj ' Brentford. Middlesex
Orders by post to: — l l t
^mruMtRS d 0Ur a t
A MPLiR ES| O
n FM D |I.^J0□
TUNER Lease se"d 'hem □on
fne' PREC0RDAKITS
F
STAF™D' draytox BASSETT, NEAR TAMWORTH, (Tick as required)
NAME..
address.
Rock'ExcTange^^a^'Tl'uffRoekloadrBiL^am 8btained fr0m
PE 4
320
 VALUABLE NEW HANDBOOK I

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eNGLANOS UmHC COMPOMfMl « - WENT CCNTRBS
SOLID STATE-HIGH FIDELITY Acclaimed by everyone
mto mtPMENT MAYFAIR ELECTRONIC ORGAN
Mono or Stereo Audio. Equipment devel- A completely new development in portable electronic
oped from Dinsdale Mk.ll—each unit or musical instrumentsproduces
and a new field for ofthe thehomemostconstructor.
system will compare favourably with The 'MAYFAIR' a multitude pleasing
other professional equipment selling sounds
popular music. The organ is fullycolours
with a wide range of tone polyphonic,suitable for fhatclassic
is fullor chords can be played over _ the_
at much higher prices. entire keyboard- Supplied as a kit of parts which includes 165 transistors, printed circuit panels,
COMPLETE SYSTEMS special fully sprung and depth of touch adjusted keyboard, attractive vynair covered cabinet with carry
FROM handle. A complete detailed and illustrated construction manual is provided with circuits and full parts
list. All items may be purchased separately. All parts supplied are fully guaranteed. Full after sales
service.
£15.5.0
THE FINEST VALUE IN HIGH FIDELITY- Once built the 'MAYFAIR' will then provide » 11 w q q
years of enjoyable entertainment. »*LT J f] S.
CHOOSE A SYSTEM TO SUIT YOUR Call in. See it end play it yourself.
NEEDS AND SAVE POUNDS .ORGAN COMPONENTS Deferred terms available. BUILT AND TESTED
AH units available separately. We carry a comprehensive stock COMPLETE KIT Deposit £36.8.0 &
of organ components for Deposit C29.19.0.
SEND FOR FREE BROCHURE (No. 21) TOD A Y! TRANSISTOR AND VALVE FREE 12 monthly payments of £7. £9.monthly 12 payments of
Total £144.8.0.
PHASE designs. TOTAL £113.19.0. RHYTHM UNIT
DEMONSTRATIONS DAIL Y AT '303' EDGWARE ROAD Ask for BROCHURE 9 EXPORT ENQUIRIES INVITED £59.10.0 pp.10/-
INTEGRATED SOLID STATE TRANSISTOR POWER AMPLIFIERS
MA66 12 WATTSComplete STEREOwith full Bass Treble, Volume and Selector Controls SINCLAIR EQUIPMENT
We are pleased
BRITISH DESIGNED to offerUNITS
two newfavourdesigns withm'the
the user choiceways
so many of either
beingmono
suitableor stereo
for usesystemswith allThese types J W?
of PICK-UPS. TUNERS. DECKS and MICROPHONES—with C
far greater adaptability with freedom for battery or mains operationfantastic Outputpower is fromand3-16quality OHMSwith ICIO IntearatM Circuit
Whether you require a home or portable HI-FI installation, electronic guitar. P A System Intercomm. Z12 Amplifier(Kit)
Micromatic
forcompltte MA66
MA7 MONOwill FILL THE BILL MA66 OPTIONALUNIT PS20 62 6d pp4 Micromatic (Built)
listening satis/action r\ OB THE STEREO ^*"1 G 1 lY A MAINS PZ4 Power
Stereo 26 Unit
choose eitherIllustrated
the — I-leaflets
O . I 12C and • L/ 14POSTFREEPACKING
on request.5 EITHER MODEL LDailyI Oa, I Uir 309
Demonstrations . U/ Edgware Rd. Branch. Q14 Spoak«r SvstamPAID. y from Jtock.
All POST
c NOIV1BREX NEW MODELS MULLARD 1 WATT AMPLIFIER
DO IT YOORSELF PORTABLE
Many TRANSISTOR
usesor Record
Intercoms, UNIT
Babv wilh
Alarms volume
Gurtar confrol
Practice
MW/LW PORTABLE r I TRANSISTORISED Telephone Player Amplilier
New printed circuit design with Test Equipment Optional
7x4 i n . Rexme
speaker, covered
17/6. Wood cabinet 12
45/-x 9 x 4 12 6.
full power output. Fully PRICE Leaflet QUALITY CAR RADIOS
on both mw/lw bands. 7 transistors plustunable
diode, MODEL
22 Power Supply 14£ s.0 d.0 No.
Alongprecision
22 immediate
engrneeied
hours o'station
the road caiHasradio
Quick that'
push-button company for(or Uses PPS battery.
s perfect operation ,k lor Leaflet 2
3;'6d.
push-pull circuit. Fitted 5 inch speaker, large 30 Audio Generator 19 10 0 24 waye fteduency selection
Output of 3}andwartschoice
ensures of Medium
enso. top orquality
Long
fernte aerial and Mullard transistors. Easy to build 31 R F. Generator 12 10 0 25 sound even at high motoring speeds includes full accet-
with terrific results. All local and Continental 32 C.R. Bridge 10 10 0 26
stations. COST £6.19.6. 33 inductance Bridge 20 0 0 29 ^OSITIVE
TOTAL P.P. 4'6 MANUAL NEGATIVE EARTH PRICE
as above £8-19.6. but with£1 2.12.0.
single pp.4/6
MW/LW
TO BUILP Send for Brochure 1 Send for descriptive illustrated Brochure. Push Button.
BUILD A QUALITY VHP FM TRANSISTORS
"5-MULLARD SUPERHET& 4TUNER DIODES ' MKil
300 Kc/s NEWMERCURY —MALLORY LONG LIFE GARRARD RECORD DECKS
BATTERIES
To get the bestTAPE
out of yourRECORDER
MAGNAVOX DECK, you need a BANDWIDTH • HIGH FIDELITY ' REPRODUCTION
PRINTED CIRCUITMONO CONSTRUCTION
AND STEREO 50o3600
„ OFF LIST PRICES
MARTIN RECORDAKIT. This comprises a special
duality 6 valve amplifier and pre-amplilier which comes to high A popular VHF FM Tuner •RMt2 1.35 volts m/aH
RM 625OUR 108 PRICE
35 volts S/-350each
you assembled on its printed Circuit board—in facl every- used l Pack of Sue at* ) dia.
thing needed down to the last screw FOR MAKING A decoder stereophonic broad- of monophonic and. with the OUR PRICE
Easilv Split 10/- each
intoareeightideal1.35v.for cells.
SUPERB
pare TAPE
favourably RECORDER,
with instruments which, when built will com- casts. There is no doubt These
applicationcells where SMALL any
SIZE
you need
THE no experience
INSTRUCTIONS or technicalcosting
MANUAL skill totwice
MAKES bringasthismuch,about
BUILDING
yet about
EASY the tea!it—VHF
Stability sound.FM gives
economically
the L
Excellent
priced. HIGHareCAPACITY
LIFE required. and LONG
AND SUCCESS ASSURED TOTAL
DECODER COST£5.19.6.
£6.19-6- QUANTITIES AVAILABLE.
(CABINET 20/- EXTRA) ASK FOR LEAFLET 3. BRAND NEW All below list price
MANUFA C TURERS—DISTRIBUTORS TRANSISTORS- 2025 Mono/Stereo..
3000 DM with ..
We publishlistinga QUANTITY.
BULLETIN over 500 SEMI-CONDUCTOR
different devices available SEMICONDUCTORS SP25 AT60 Mk
Mk IIII 9TAHC 9 19
131211 191019
FROM STOCK in medium to large auanimw a( KEEN COMPLETELY NEW 1969 LIST OF 3500 Mono/Stereo 9TAHC
TOPRICES
OBTAIN
Headed
coupled
YOURwithCOPY.
Notepaper
PROMPT DELIVERIES.
WRITErequesting
please) TO US (onourCompany 1000 types. Send for your FREE COPY 401
SEMI- TODAY, (list 36) AP75 2S 10
CONDUCTOR BULLETIN For TELEPHONE QUOTATIONS. SL55
SL65
2 Track 36 gns. PH0N E (01) 723 1008/9 Exfn. 4 (01) 723 0401 Extn. 4. S.C.R.'s from 5/- SL75
P.KnP.comprises:
22/6 either n Amplifier, Cabinet and speaker, We purchase medium to large quantities of Field Effect Transistors from 9/6 SL95
MICROPHONE Deck. 7 in 1.200 ft. tape, spate spoot. Transistors and Devices excess to Manufacturers Power Transistors from 5/- A70 Mk II
Send for illustrated brochures 16. 17
12 12
ALL UNITS AVAILABLE
ASK FOR BROCHURE 6. SEPARATELY. Today' £60. and Distributors requirements. Diodes and Rectifiers from 1/6 Complete range of accessories available
Hl-fl equipment tosuit£V£RYP0CK(T
atalogue
COMPLETELY NEW 9th EDITION (1969)
■r The most COMPREHENSIVE-
* * 6 0 CONCISE—CLEAR COMPONENTS
0 CATALOGUE
for all leading makes Complete with 10/- worth discourit vouchers
f 0 FREE WITH EVERY COPY
AMPLIFIERS . L 0 * 32 pages of transistors and semi-conductor «
TUNERS devices, valves and crystals.
DECKS ■0 * 210 pages of components and equipment.
SPEAKERS * 70 pages of microphones, decks and Hi-Fi
MICROPHONES equipment. -"it
TEST EQUIPMENT
SYSTEMS 6,500 ITEMS
ALL WITH DISCOUNTS ^ , 320 BIG PAGES Send todav/'B;
Ask for Hi-Fi- Stock List Leaflet 16.17
IT WILL PAY YOU TO PAY US A VISIT!
303 Edgware Road, London, W.2. Mail Order Dept
all types of Components. Organ Dept (Oi) 723-1008/9
309 Edgware Road, London, W.2. High Fidelity
OPEN MON.-SAT. 9 Sales. PA and Test Equipment. Record Decks(Oi)723 6963