MATHEMATICS

CLASS (X)

TEAM MEMBERS FOR REVIEW OF SUPPORT MATERIAL

1. Mr. Yogesh Agarwal Group Leader

(Principal) G.Co-Ed. S.S.S., Gopal Park, Delhi-110033

2. Mr. Pradeep Kumar T.G.T. Maths

G.Co-Ed, S.S.S., Gopal Park, Delhi-33

3. Mr. Rajbir Singh TGT Maths

G.Co-Ed, S.S.S., Gopal Park, Delhi-33

4. Ms. Preeti Singhal TGT Maths

G.Co-Ed, S.S.S., Gopal Park, Delhi-33

5. Ms. Anju Sareen TGT Maths

S.C.S.D. G.S.V., Sector-9, Rohini, Delhi

6. Ms. Murti Devi TGT Maths

S.C.S.D. G.S.V., Sector-9, Rohini, Delhi

7. Ms. Madhu Bala Yadav TGT Maths

S.K.V. BL Block, Shalimar Bagh, Delhi

8. Ms. Neetu Mediratta TGT Maths

S.K.V. BL Block, Shalimar Bagh, Delhi

9. Mr. Anuraj Yadav TGT Maths

R.P.V.V. Kishan Ganj, Delhi

10. Mr. Manish Jain TGT Maths

R.P.V.V., D-1, Nand Nagri, Delhi

11. Mr. Sunil Kumar Tiwari TGT Maths

S.B.V. Moti Nagar, Delhi

12. Mr. Maqsood Ahmed TGT Maths

Anglo Arabi SSS, Ajmeri Gate, Delhi
Class X - Maths

SA-I
INDEX

S.No. Topic Page No.

1. Real Number 7

2. Polynomials 13

3. Pair of Linear Equations in two variables 20

4. Similar Triangles 28

5. Trigonometry 38

6. Statistics 46

7. Values 56

8. SA-I Papers 57

9. Model Test Paper 62

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 Class X - Maths

COURSE STRUCTURE
FIRST TERM
Class – x
First Term

Marks : 90

Units Marks

I Number Systems 11

II Algebra 23

III Geometry 17

IV Trigonometry 22

V Statistics 17

Total 90

UNIT I : NUMBER SYSTEMS

1. Real Numbers (15 Periods)
1. Euclid’s devision lemma, Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic - statements after
reviewing work done earlier and after illustrating and motivating through examples.
Proofs of irrationality of 2, 3, 5. Decimal representation of rational numbers in
term of terminating/non-terminating recurring decimals.
UNIT II : ALGEBRA
1. Polynomials (7 Periods)
Zeros of polynomial. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic
polynomials. Statement and simple problems on division algorithm for polynomials
with real coefficients.

3
Class X - Maths

2. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables (15 Periods)

Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their solution,
consistency / inconsistency.
Algebraic conditions for number of solutions. Solution of a pair of linear equations
in two variables algebraically - by substitution, by eliminating and by cross
multiplication method. Simple situational problems. Simple problems on equations
reducible to linear equations.
Unit III : Geometry
1. Triangles : Definitions, examples, counter examples of similar triangles.
(15 Periods)
1. (Prove) If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other
two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

2. (Motivate) If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is
parallel to the third side.
3. (Motivate) If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their
corresponding sides are proportional and the triangles are similar.
4. (Motivate) If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their
corresponding angles are equal and the two triangle are similar
5. (Motivate) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and
the sides including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar.
6. (Motivate) If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle of a right
triangle to the hypotenuse, the triangle on each side of the perpendicular are
similar to the whole triangle and to each other.
7. (Prove) The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the
squares on their corresponding sides.
8. (Prove) In a right triangle, the square on the hypotenuse is equal to sum of the
squares on the other two sides.
9. (Prove) In a triangle, if the square on one side is equal to sum of the squares or
the other two sides, the angles opposite to the first side is a right angle.
UNIT IV : TRIGONOMETRY
1. Introduction to Trigonometry (10 Periods)
Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. Proof of their
existence (well defined); motivate the ratios whichever are defined at 0° and 90°.
Values (with proofs) of the trigonometric ratios of 30°, 45° and 60°. Relationships
between the ratios.

4
 Class X - Maths

2. Trigonometric Identities (15 Periods)

Proof and applications of the identity sin 2 A + cos2 A = 1. Only simple identities to
be given. Trigonometric ratios of complementary angles.
UNIT V : STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
1. Statistics (18 Periods)
Mean, median and mode of grouped data (bimodal situations to be avoided).
Cumulative frequency graph.

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Class X - Maths

QUESTION PAPER DESIGN 2016-17

CLASS-X
Mathematics (Code No. 041) Time : 3 Hours Marks : 90
S.No. Typology of Questions Very Short Short Long Total %
Short Answer Answer Answer Marks Weightage
Answer I II (LA)
(VSA) (SA) (SA) (4 Marks)
(1 Mark) (2 Marks) (3 Marks)
1. Remembering (Knowledge Based 1 2 2 3 23 26%
Simple recall questions, to know
specific facts, terms, concepts,
principles, or theories; identify,
define, or recite, information)
2. Understanding (Comprehension 2 1 1 4 23 26%
-to be familiar with meaning and to
understand conceptually, interpret,
compare, contrast, explain,
paraphrase, or interpret information)
3. Application (Use abstract infor-
mation in concrete situation, to apply 1 2 3 2 22 24%
knowledge to new situations; Use
given content to interpret a situation
provide an example, or solve a problem)
4. Higher Order Thinking Skills – 1 4 – 14 16%
(Analysis & Synthesis - Classify
compare, contrast, or differentiate
between different pieces of information;
Organize and/or integrate unique
pieces of information from a variety
of sources)
5. Creating : Eveluation and Multi- – – – 2* 8 8%
Disciplinary- (Generating new ideas ,
product or ways of viewing things
Appraise, jduge and/or justify the values
or worth of a decision or outcome, or
to predict outcomes based on values).
Total 4 ×1 = 4 6×2=12 10x3 = 30 11x4 = 44 90 100%
Note : The question paper will include a section on Open Text based assessment (questions of 10 marks). The
case studies will be supplied to students in advance. These case studies are designed to test the analytical
and higher order thinking skills of students.
*One of the LA (4 Marks) will be to assess the values inherent in the text.

6
 Class X - Maths

CHAPTER 1

REAL NUMBERS
KEY POINTS

 Euclid’s Division Lemma : For given positive integers ‘a’ and ‘b’ there exists
unique whole numbers ‘q’ and ‘r’ satisfying the relation a = bq + r, 0  r < b
 Euclid’s Division Algorithm : HCF of any two positive integers a and b with a >
b is obtained as follows :
Step 1 : Apply Euclids division lemma to a and b to find q and r such that a = bq
+ r, 0  r < b.
Step 2 : If r = 0 then HCF (a, b) = b; if r  0 then again apply Euclid’s lemma to b
and r. Repeat the steps till we get r = 0.
 The fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic : Every composite number can be
expressed (factorized) as a product of primes and this factorization is unique,
apart from the order in which the prime factors occur.

p
 Let math x  , q  0 to be a rational number such that the prime factorization
q
of ‘q’ is of the form 2m5n, where m, n are non-negative integers. Then x has a
decimal expansion which is terminating.

p
 Let x  , q  0 be a rational number, such that the prime factorization of q is
q
not of the form 2m5n, where m, n are non-negative integers. Then x has a decimal
expansion which is non-terminating repeating.

7
Class X - Maths

NUMBER SYSTEMS
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Write the general form of an even integer.
2. Write the form in whch every odd integer can be written taking t as variable.

3. What would be the value of n for n 2 – 1 divisible by 8.

4. Sate whether 7 × 11 × 13 + 7 is a composite number or a prime number.
5. Is 5.131131113... a rational number or irrational number?
6. Find the value of m if HCF of 65 and 117 is expressible in the form 65m – 117.

7. What can you say about the product of a non-zero rational and irrational number?

13497
8. After how many places the decimal expansion of will terminate?
1250

9. Find the least number which is divisible by all numbers from 1 to 10 (both inclusive)
is.
10. The number 525 and 3000 are divisible by 3, 5, 15, 25 and 75. What is the HCF
of 525 and 3000.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE-1 QUESTIONS

11. Can two numbers have 18 as their HCF and 380 as their LCM? Give reason.
12. If a = 4q + r then what are the condition for a and q. What are the values that r can
take?
13. What is the digit at unit’s place of 9 n?
14. If n is an odd integer then show that n 2 – 1 is divisible by 8.
15. Use Euclid’s division algorithm to find the HCF of 16 and 28.
16. Show that 12 n cannot end with the digit 0 or 5 for any natural number n.

395
17. Without actual performing the long division, find if will have terminating
10500
or non terminating (repeating) decimal expansion.

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 Class X - Maths

18. A rational number in its decimal expansion is 327.7081. What can you say about
p
the prime factors of q, when this number is expressed in the form of ? Give
q
reasons.

19. What is the smallest number by which 5 – 2 is to be multiplied to make it a

rational number? Also find the number so obtained?

20. Find one rational and one irrational number between 3 and 5.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE-II QUESTION

21. Show that square of any odd integer is of the form 4m + 1, for same integer m.
22. Show that the square of any positive integer is either of the form 4q or 4q + 1 for
some integer q.

23. Show that the cube of any positive integer is of the form 4m, 4m +1 or 4m +3 for
some integer m.

24. Prove that 3 is an irrational number..

25. State fundamental theorem of Arithmetic and hence find the unique factorization
of 120.

26. Prove that 3  5 is irrational.

3
27. Prove that 5  3 is an irrational number..
7

1
28. Prove that is an irrational number..
2 5

29. Find HCF and LCM of 56 and 112 by prime factorization method.
30. In factor tree find x.

2 3

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Class X - Maths

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION

31. Solve 45  20 and state what type of number is this (Rational number or
irrational number).
32. Find the HCF of 56, 96, 324 by Euclids algorithm.
33. Show that any positive odd integer is of the form 6q +1, 6q + 3 or 6q + 5, where
q is some integer.
34. Prove that the square of any positive integer is of the form 5q, 5q + 1, 5q + 4 for
some intege, q.
35. Prove that the product of three consecutive positive integers is divisible by 6.

36. For any positive integer n, prove that n3 – n is divisible by 6.

37. Show that one and only one of n, n + 2, n +4 is divisible by 3.
38. Show that one and only one out of n, n + 4, n + 8, n + 12 and n + 16 is divisible by
5, where n is any positive integer.
39. Three friends Salman, Hrithik and John were very good friends. They used to go
for morning walk together. Once, on a morning walk, they step off together and
their steps measure 40 cm, 42 cm and 45 cm respectively.
(a) What is the minimum distance each should walk so that each can cover the
same distance in complete steps?
(b) What have you learnt (values/lesson) from above activity of three friends.
40. Aakriti decided to distribute milk in an orphanage on her birthday. The supplier
brought two milk containers which contain 398 l and 436 l of milk. The milk is to
be transferred to another containers so 7 l and 11 l of milk is left in both the
containers respectively.
(a) What will be the maximum capacity of the drum.
(b) What qualities / values were shown by Aakriti.

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 Class X - Maths

ANSWER

1. 2m 2. 2t + 1 3. an odd integer 4. composite

5. Irrational 6. 2 7. Irrational 8. 4
9. 2520 10. 75
11. No, HCF is not a factor of LCM 12. a and q are positive integers 0  r < 4
13. Even power = 1; odd power = 9
15. 4 17. Non-terminating repeating
18. Denominator is the multiple of 2’s and 5’s

19. 5  2, 3 25. 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5

29. HCF : 56, LCM : 112 30. 150

31. 30, Rational number 32. 4

39. (a) 2520 cm or 25.2 m

(b)  Morning walk good for Health
 Religion doesnot matter in friendship
40. (a) 17 (b) Charity, concern for other etc.

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Class X - Maths

PRACTICE TEST
[Duration : 50 Minutes] [M.M. : 20]

SECTION – A

51
1. After how many decimal places the decimal expansion of will terminate.
1500
1
2. In Euclid’s Division Lemma, when a = bq + r where a, b are positive integers then
what values r can take? 1

SECTION – B

3. Show that 9 n can never ends with unit digit zero. 2

935
4. Without actual division find the type of decimal expansion of . 2
10500

SECTION – C


5. Prove that is an irrational number.. 3
32 5
6. Find the HCF of 36, 96 and 120 by Euclid’s Lemma. 3

SECTION – D

7. Show that cube of any positive integer is of the form 9m, 9m +1 or 9m + 8. 4

8. Once a sports goods retailer organised a campaign “Run to Remember” to spread
awareness about benefits of walking. In that Soham nd Baani participated. There
was a circular path around a sports field. Soham took 12 minutes to drive one
round of the field while Baani took 18 minutes for the same. Suppose they started
at the same point and at the same time and went in the same direction.
4
(a) After how many minutes have they met again at the starting point?
(b) What’s your view about walking?

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 Class X - Maths

CHAPTER 2

POLYNOMIALS
KEY POINTS

 Polynomial : If x is a variable, n is a natural number and a 0, a1, a2, a3, ... an are
real numbersm then p(x) = a n xn + an–1xn–1 + .... + a1x + a0, (an  0) is called a
polynomial in x.
 Polynomials of degree 1, 2 and 3 are called linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials
respectively.
 A quadratic polynomial is an algebraic expression of the form ax 2 + bx + c, where
a, b, c are real numbers with a  0.
 Zeroes of a polynomial p(x) are precisely the x-coordinates of the points where
the graph of y = p(x) intersects the x-axis, i.e., x = a is a zero of polynomial p(x) if
p(a) = 0.
 A polynomial can have at most the same number of zeroes as the degree of the
polynomial.

 (i) If one zero fo a quadratic polynomial p(x) is negative of the other, then co-
efficient of x = 0.
(ii) If zeroes of a quadratic polynomial p(x) are reciprocal of each other, then
coe-efficient of x2 = constant term
 Relationship between zeroes and coefficient of a polynomial :
If  and  are zeroes of p(x) = ax2 + bx + c (a  0), then

b
sum of zeroes =     –
a
c
Product of zeroes   
a
 If a, b are zeroes of a quadratic polynomial p(x), then
p(x) = k[x2 – (sum of zeroes) . x + product of zeroes]
 p(x) = k[x2 – ( + ) x + 
where k is any non-zero real number.

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Class X - Maths

 Graph of linear polynomial p(x) = ax + b is a straight line.

 Division Algorithm states that given any polynomials p(x) and g(x), there exist
polynomials q(x) and r(x) such that :
p(x) = g(x) . q(x) + r(x) ; g(x)  0,
[where either r(x) = 0 or degree r(x) < degree g(x)]

14
 Class X - Maths

CHAPTER 2

POLYNOMIALS
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What will be the number of zeroes of a linear polynomial p(x) if its graph (i)
passes through the origin. (ii) doesn’t intersect or touch x-axis at any point?
2. Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are
(5 + 23) and (5 – 23)
3. If one zero of p(x) = 4x2 – (8k2 – 40k)x – 9 is negative of the other, find values of k.

4. What number should be added to the polynomial x 2 – 5x + 4, so that 3 is a zero

of polynomial so obtained.
5. How many (i) maximum (ii) minimum number of zeroes can a quadratic polynomial
have?
6. What will be the number of real zeroes of the polynomial x 2 + 1?
7. If  and  are zeroes of polynomial 6x2 – 7x – 3, then form a quadratic polynomial
whose zeroes are 2 and 2.

1
8. If a and are zeroes of 4x2 – 17x + k – 4, find values of k.


9. What will be the number of zeroes of the polynomials whose graphs are parallel
to (i) y-axis; (ii) x-axis.

10. What will be number of zeroes of the polynomial whose graphs are either touching
or intersecting the axes only at the points :
(i) (–3, 0) (0, 2) and (3, 0)
(ii) (0, 4), (0, 0) and (0, –4)

SHORT ANSWER TYPE (I) QUESTIONS

11. If –3 is one of the zeroes of the polynomial (k – 1) x 2 + kx + 1, find the value of k.

12. If the product of zeroes of ax2 – 6x – 6 is 4 find the value of a. Hence find the sum
of its zeroes.

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Class X - Maths

13. If  and  are zeroes of the polynomial x2 – a (x + 1) – b such that ( + 1) ( + 1)

= 0, find the value of b.

14. If zeroes of x2 – kx + 6 are in the ratio 3 : 2, find k.

15. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial (k 2 + k) x2 + 68x + 6k is reciprocal of the
other, find k.
16. If  and  are the zeroes of the polynomial x2 – 5x + m such that  –  = 1, find m.

17. If the sum of squares of zeroes of the polynomial x 2 – 8x + k is 40, find the value
of k.
18. If  and  are zeroes of the polynomial t 2 – t – 4, form a quadratic polynomial
1 1
whose zeroes are and .
 

SHORT ANSWER TYPE (II) QUESTIONS

19. If (k + y) is a factor of each of the polynomial y2 + 2y – 15 and y3 + a, find values

of k and a.
20. Obtain zeroes of 43x2 + 5x – 23 and verify relation between its zeroes and
coefficients.
21. If x4 + 2x3 + 8x2 + 12x + 18 is divided by (x2 + 5), remainder comes out to be (px
+ q), find values of p and q.
22. –5 is one of the zeroes of 2x2 + px – 15. Zeroes of p(x2 + x) + k are equal to each
other. Find the values of k.

23. Find the value of k such that 3x2 + 2kx + x – k – 5 has the sum of zeroes as half
of their product.
24. If  and  are zeroes of y2 + 5y + m, find the value of m such taht ( + 2 –  =
24.
25. If  and  are zeroes of x2 – x – 2, find a polynomial whose zeroes are (2 + 1)
and (2 + 1).
26. Find values of a and b so that x 4 + x3 + 8x2 + ax + b is divisible by x2 + 1.
27. What must be subtracted from 8x 4 + 14x3 – 2x2 + 7x – 8 so that the resulting
polynomial is exactly divisible by 4x2 + 3x – 2 ?
28. What must be added to 4x 4 + 2x3 – 2x2 + x – 1 so that the resulting polynomial is
divisible by x2 – 2x – 3?

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 Class X - Maths

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

29. Find all zeroes of the polynomial 2x3 + x2 – 6x – 3 if two of its zeroes are 3 and
–3.
30. If 2 is zero of (6x3 + 2x2 – 10x – 42), find its other zeroes.
31. If two zeroes of x4 – 6x3 – 26x2 + 138x – 35 are (2 ± 3), find other zeroes.
32. On dividing the polynomial x3 – 5x2 + 6x – 4 by a polynomial g(x), quotient and
remainder are (x – 3) and (–3x + 5) respectively. Find g(x).
33. If sum and product of two zeroes of the polynomial x 3 + x2 – 3x – 3 are 0 and 3
respectively, find all zeroes of the polynomial.

1
34. If – is a zero of the polynomial 2x3 + x2 – 6x – 3, find the sum and product of itss
2
other two zeroes.

35. Obtain all zeroes of the polynomial 2x 4 – 2x3 – 7x2 + 3x + 6 if two factors of this
 3
polynomial are  x  .
 2
36. Sum and product of two zeroes of x 4 – 4x3 – 8x2 + 36x – 9 are 0 and – 9
respectively. Find the sum and product of its other two zeroes.
37. A person distributes k books to some needy students. If k is a zero of the polynomial
x2 – 100x – 20,000, then
(i) find the number of books distributed
(ii) Which moral values depicted by the person impressed you?
38. One zero of x3 – 12x2 + 47x – 60 is 3 and the remaining two zeroes are the
number of trees planted by two students.
(i) Find the total number of trees planted by both students.
(ii) Which moral values of the students is depicted here?

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Class X - Maths

ANSWER

1. (i) 1; (ii) 0 2. x2 – 10x + 13 3. k = 0, 5 4. 2

5. (i) 2; (ii) 0 6. 0 7. 3x2 – 7x – 6 8. k = 8

4
9. (i) 1; (ii) 0 10. (i) 2; (ii) 1 11.
3

3
12. a  – , sum of zeroes  – 4
2
13. 1 14. –5, 5 15. 5 16. 6
17. 12 18. 4t2 + t – 1 19. k = 3, – 5 and a = 27, – 125

2 3 7
20. – , 21. p = 2, q = 3 22. 23. 1
3 4 4
24. 1 25. x2 – 4x – 5 26. a = 1, b = 7 27. 14x – 10

1 2 2 2
28. 61x – 65 29. 3, – 3, – 30. – ,–
2 2 3

31. –5, 7 32. x2 – 2x + 3 33. 3, – 3, – 1

3
34. 0, 3 35. 2, –1,  36. 4, 1
2
37. (i) 200; (ii) Love & care, humanity, kindness etc.
38. (i) 9; (ii) Love for environment, eco-friendly, etc.

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 Class X - Maths

PRACTICE TEST
[Duration : 50 Minutes] [M.M. : 20]

SECTION – A

1. If  and  are zeroes of a quadratic polynomial p(x), then factorize p(x) 1

1 1
2. If  and  are zeroes of x2 – x – 1, find the value of  1
 

SECTION – B

3. If  and  are zeroes of x2 – (k + 6) x + 2 (2k – 1). Find the values of k if

1
      2
2
4. Find a quadratic polynomial one of whose zeroes is (3 + 2) and the sum of its
zeroes is 6. 2

SECTION – C

5. Find values of a and b if (x2 + 1) is a factor of the polynomial x4 + x3 + 8x2 + ax + b. 3

6. If truth and lie are zeroes of the polynomial px 2 + qx + r, (p  0) and zeroes are
reciprocal to each other, 3
(i) Find the relation between p and r.
(ii) Which value do you learn from this question?

SECTION – D

7. On dividing the polynomial x3 + 2x2 + kx + 7 by (x – 3), remainder comes out to be

25. Find quotient and the value of k. Also find the sum and product of zeroes of
the quotient so obtained. 4

1
8. If  and are zeroes of the polynomial (2 + ) x 2 + 61x + 6, find values of

 and . 4

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Class X - Maths

CHAPTER 3

PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

IN TWO VARIABLES
KEY POINTS

 The general form of a pair of linear equations is

a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
Where a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2 are real numbers.
 The graph of a pair of linear equations in two variables is represented by two
lines.
(i) If the lines intersect at a point, the pair of equations is consistent. The point
of intersection gives the unique solution of the equations.
(ii) If the lines are parallel, then there is no solution. The pair of linear equations
is inconsistent.
(iii) If the lines coincide, then there are infinitely many solutions. The pair of
equations is consistent. Each point on the line is a solution.
Algebraic Method of solutions

(i) Substitution Method (ii) Elimination Method (iii) Cross- Multiplication Method
 If a pair of linear equations is given by
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0; and
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
a1 b
(i)  1  The pair of linear equations is consistent (unique solution).
a2 b2
a1 b c
(ii)  1  1  The pair of linear equation is inconsistent (no solution).
a2 b2 c2
a1 b c
(iii)  1  1  The pair of linear equations is dependent and consistent
a2 b2 c2
(infinitely many solutions).

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 Class X - Maths

CHAPTER 3

PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

IN TWO VARIABLES
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. If x = 3m – 1 and y = 4 is a solution of the equation x + y = 6. Then find the value

of m.
2. What is the point of intersection of the line represented by 3x – 2y = 6 and the
y-axis.
3. For what value of p, system of equations
2x + py = 8 and x + y = 6
have no solution.
4. A motor cyclist is moving along the line x – y = 2 and another motor cyclist is
moving along the line x – y = 4. Find out their moving direction.
5. Find the value of k for which pair of linear equations
3x + 2y = –5 and x – ky = 2 has a unique solution.
6. Express y in terms of x in the expression 3x – 7y = 10
7. If 2x + 5y = 4, write another linear equation, so that lines represented by the pair
are coincident.
8. Check whether the graph of the pair of linear equations x + 2y – 4 =0 and 2x + 4y
– 12 = 0 is intersecting lines or parallel lines.
9. If the lines 3x + 2ky = 2, and 2x + 5y + 1 = 0 are parallel, then find values of k.
10. If we draw lines of x = 2 and y = 3 what kind of lines do we get?

SHORT ANSWER TYPE (I) QUESTIONS

11. Form a pair of linear equations for : The sum of the numerator and denominator
of the fraction is 3 less than twice the denominator. If the numerator and
denominator both are decreased by 1, the numerator becomes half the
denominator.

21
Class X - Maths

12. For what value of p the pair of linear equations

(p + 2) x – (2p + 1) y = 3(2p – 1)

2x – 3y = 7 has a unique solution.

A
3 cm 3 cm

13. ABCDE is a pentagon with BE || DE and BC || DE, BC is B E

perpendicular to CD. If the perimeter of ABCDE is 21 cm 5 cm
find x and y. x–y

14. Solve for x and y C x+y D

y x 2y 2
x–  3 and – 
2 2 3 3
15. Solve for x and y
3x + 2y = 11 and 2x + 3y = 4
also find p if p = 8x + 5y.
16. Solve the pair of linear equations by substitution method
x – 7y + 42 = 0 and x – 3y – 6 = 0
17. Ram is walking along the line joining (1, 4) and (0, 6).
Rahim is walking along the line joining (3, 4) and (1, 0). Represent on graph and
find the point where both of them cross each other.

18. Given the linear equation 2x + 3y – 12 = 0, write another linear equation in these
variables, such that geometrical representation of the pair so formed is
(i) parallel lines; (ii) coincident lines.
19. The difference of two number is 66. If one number is four times the other, find the
numbers.
20. For what values of k, the following system of equations will be inconsistent
kx + 3y = k – 3.
12x + ky = k

SHORT ANSWER TYPE (II) QUESTIONS

21. Solve graphically the pair of linear equations

5x – y = 5 and 3x – 2y = –4
Find the co-ordinates of the points where these lines intersect y-axis.

22
 Class X - Maths

22. Solve for x and y

5 1 15 5
  2;   –2
xy xy x y xy
23. Solve by cross-multiplication method

x y x y
  ab; 2
 2  2.
a b a b
24. For what values of a and b the following pair of linear equations have infinite
number of solutions?

2x + 3y = 7
a (x + y) – b(x – y) = 3a + b – 2
25. Solve the pair of linear equations
152x – 378y = – 74
–378x + 152y = – 604
26. Pinky scored 40 marks in a test getting 3 marks for each right answer and loosing
1 mark for each wrong answer. Had 4 marks been awarded for each correct
answer and 2 marks were deducted for each wrong answer, then Pinky again
would have scored 40 marks. How many questions were there in the test?
27. A two digit number is obtained by either multiplying sum of digits by 8 and adding
1 or by multiplying the difference of digits by 13 and adding 2. Find the number.

28. Father’s age is three times the sum of ages of his two children. After 5 years his
age will be twice the sum of ages of two children. Find the ages of the father.
29. On selling a T.V. at 5% gain and a fridge at 10% gain, a shopkeeper gain Rs.
2000. But if he sells the T.V. at 10% gain and fridge at 5% less, he gains Rs. 1500
on the transaction. Find the actual price of the T.V. and the fridge.
30. Sunita has some Rs. 50 and Rs. 100 notes amounting to a total of Rs. 15500. If
the total number of notes is 200. The find how many notes of Rs. 50 and Rs. 100
each, she has.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

31. Solve graphically the pair of linear equations 3x – 4y + 3 = 0 and 3x + 4y – 21 = 0.

Find the co-ordinates of vertices of triangular region formed by these lines and x-
axis. Also calculate the area of this triangle.
32. Solve for x and y

23
Class X - Maths

1 12 1
 
2  2x  3y  7  3x  2y  2

7 4
  2 for 2x + 3y  0; 3x – 2y  0
 2x  3y   3x  2y 
33. Solve the pair of equations by reducing them to a pair of linear equations

3x  2y 4x  2y
1 and  13
xy xy
hence find a for which y = ax – 4.
34. A mam travels 600 km to his home partly by train and parly by bus. He takes 8
hours, if he travels 120 km by train and rest by bus. Further, it takes 20 minutes
longer, if the travels 200 km by train and rest by bus. Find the speeds of the train
and the bus.
35. A and B are two points 150 km apart on a highway. Two cars start with different
speeds from A and B at same time. If they move in same direction, they meet in
15 hours & if they move in opposite direction, they meet in one hour. Find their
speeds.
36. A boat covers 32 km upstream and 36 km downstream in 7 hours. Also it covers
40 km upstream and 48 km downstream in 9 hours. Find the speed of boat in still
water and that of the stream.
37. The sum of the numerator and denominator of a fraction is 4 more than twice the
numerator. If the numerator and denominator are increased by 3, they are in the
ratio 2 : 3. Determine the fraction.
38. Raju used 2 plastic bags and 1 paper bag in a day which cost him Rs. 35. While
Ramesh used 3 plastic bags and 4 paper bags per day, which cost him Rs. 65.
(i) Find the cost of each bag.
(ii) Which bag has to be used and what value is reflected by using it.
39. 8 women and 12 men can complete a work in 10 days while 6 women and 8 men
can complete the same work in 14 days. Find the time taken by one women
alone and that one man alone to finish the work. What value is indicated from
this action?
40. The ratio of incomes of two persons A and B is 3 : 4 and the ratio of their
expenditures is 5 : 7. If their savings are Rs. 15,000 annually, find their annual
incomes. What value will be promoted if expenditure is under control.

24
 Class X - Maths

ANSWERS
1. m =1 2. (0, – 3) 3. p = 2 4. Move parallel

–2 3x  10 15
5. k  6. y  7. 4x + 10y = 8 9. k 
3 7 4

10. Intrersecting lines. 11. x – y = – 3, 2x – y = 1

12. p4 13. x = 5; y = 0 14. 4, 2
15. x = 5, y = – 2, p = 30 16. 42, 12 17. (2, 2)
18. (i) 4x + 6y + 10 = 0; (ii) 4x + 6y – 24 = 0
19. 88, 22 20. k = – 6 21. (2, 5) (0, –5) and (0, 2)
22. (3, 2) 23. a2, b2 24. a = 5, b = 1, 25. 2, 1
26. 40 questions 27. 41 28. 45 years
29. T.V. = Rs. 20,000; Fridge = Rs. 10,000
30. Rs. 50 notes = 90; Rs. 100 notes = 110

31. Solution (3, 3). Vertices (–1, 0) (7, 0) and (3, 3). Area = 12 sq. units.

–2 1 45
32. (2, 1) 33. x  ,y  ,a 
5 2 4
34. 60 km/hr; 80 km/hr 35. 80 km/hr; 70 km/hr

5
36. 10 km/hr; 2 km/hr 37.
9
38. (i) 15, 5; (ii) Eco Friendly
39. 1 woman in 140 days
1 Man in 280 days.
Removal of gender bias, women can work faster than man.
40. Rs. 90,000, Rs. 1,20,000, Economic value, saving attitude.

25
Class X - Maths

PRACTICE TEST
[Duration : 50 Minutes] [M.M. : 20]

Section A comprises of 2 qyestions of 1 mark each. Section B comprises 2 qyestion

of 2 marks each, Section C comprises of 2 questions of 3 marks eqch and Section D
comprises of 2 questions of 4 marks each.

SECTION – A

1. For what value of k, system of equations 1

x + 2y = 3 and 5x + ky + 7 = 0 has a unique solution.
2. Does the point (2, 3) lie on line of graph of 3x – 2y = 5. 1

SECTION – B

3. For what values of a and b does the pair of linear equations have infinite number
of solutions. 2
2x – 3y = 7

ax + 3y = b
4. Solve for x and y 2
0.4x + 0.3y = 1.7
0.7x – 0.2y = 0.8

SECTION – C

5. Solve for x and y by cross multiplication method. 3

x+y=a+b
ax – by = a2 – b2
6. Sum of the ages of a father and the son is 40 years. If father’s age is three times
that of his son, then find their ages. 3

26
 Class X - Maths

SECTION – D

7. Solve the following pair of equations graphically. 4

3x + 5y = 12 and 3x – 5y = – 18. Also shade the region enclosed by these two
lines and x-axis.
8. The sum of a two digit number and number obtained on reversing the digits is 99.
If the number obtained on reversing the digit is 9 more than the original number,
find the number. 4

27
Class X - Maths

CHAPTER 4

SIMILAR TRIANGLES
KEY POINTS

 Similar Triangles : Two triangles are said to be similar if their corresponding

angles are equal and their corresponding sides are proportional.
 Criteria for Similarity :
In ABC and DEF
(i) AAA Similarity : ABC ~ DEF when A = D, B = E and C = F

AB BC
(ii) SAS Similarity : ABC ~ DEF when  and B = E
DE EF

AB AC BC
(iii) SSS Similarity : ABC ~DEF,   .
DE DF EF
 The Proof of the following theorems can be asked in the examination :
(i) Basic Proportionality Theorem : If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a
triangle to intersect the other sides in distinct points, the other two sides are
divided in the same ratio.

(ii) The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the
ratio of their corresponding sides.
(iii) Pythagoras Theorem : In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is
equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
(iv) Converse of Pythagoras Theorem : In a triangle, if the square of one side
is equal to the sum of squares of other two sides then the angle opposite to
the first side is a right angle.

28
 Class X - Maths

CHAPTER 4

SIMILAR TRIANGLES
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Is the triangle with sides 12 cm, 16 cm and 18 cm a right triangle? Give reason.

ar  ABC  9
2. If ABC ~ QRP,  , AB  18 cm, BC = 15 cm, then find the
ar  PQR  4 L
length of PR.
P
a
3. If the fig. M = N = 46°, Express x in terms of a, b, x
and c.
46° 46°
M b N c K
H

4. In fig, AHK ~ ABC. If AK = 10 cm, BC = 3.5 cm C A

and HK = 7 cm. Find AC. K

B
5. It is given that DEF ~ RPQ. Is it true to say that D = R and F = P?
6. If the corresponding Medians of two similar triangles are in the ratio 5 : 7, then
find the ratio of their sides.
7. A right angled triangle has its area numerically equal to its perimeter. The length
of each side is an even number and the hypotenuse is 10 cm. What is the perimeter
of the triangle?
8. An aeroplane leaves an airport and flies due west at a speed of 2100 km/hr. At
the same time, another aeroplane leaves the same place at airport and flies due
South at a speed of 2000 km/hr. How far apart will be the two planes after 1
hour?
9. The areas of two similar ABC and DEF are 225 cm2 and 81 cm2 respectively.
If the longest side of the larger triangle ABC be 30 cm, find the longest side of
the smaller triangle DEF.
10. In the figure, if ABC ~ PQR, find the value of x?

29
Class X - Maths

A
R x Q
6 cm 5 cm 3.75 cm
4.5 cm
P P
B 4 cm C

X Y
PX PY 1
11. In the figure, XY || QR and   , find XY : QR
XQ YR 2
Q R

12. In figure, find the value of x which will make DE || AB ?

A B
3x + 19 3x + 4
D E
x+3 x
C
13. If ABC ~ DEF, BC = 3EF, and area (ABC) = 117 cm2 then find area (DEF).
14. If ABC and DEF are similar triangles such that A = 45° and F = 56°, then
find C.
15. If the ratio of the corresponding sides of two similar triangles is 2 : 3, then find the
ratio of their corresponding attitudes.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE (I) QUESTIONS

Q P
16. In the given figure PQ = 24 cm, QR = 26 cm, PAR =
90°, PA = 6 cm and AR = 8 cm, find QPR. A

R
A

17. In the given figure, DE || AC and DF || AE. Prove that D

FE EC
 .
BF BE B C
F E

18. In ABC, AD  BC such that AD2 = BD × CD. Prove that ABC is right angled at
A.

30
 Class X - Maths

A
19. In the given figure, D and E are points on sides AB D
and CA of ABC such that B = AED. Show that
ABC ~ AED. E

B C
20. In the given figure, AB || DC and diagonals AC and
BD intersect at 0. If OA = 3x – 1 and OB = 2x +1, OC
= 5x – 3 and OD = 6x – 5. Find x.
D C
6x-
5 3
5x-
1
3x-
1 2x+
P
A B
21. In the figure, PQR is a triangle right angled at Q & XY || QR. X Y
If PQ = 6 cm, PY = 4 cm and PX : XQ = 1 : 2. Calculate the
length of PR and QR.
22. In figure, AB || DE. Find the length of CD. Q R
B
6cm
5cm
A
C
E D C
3cm
D
O E
23. In the figure, ABCD is a Parallelogram. AE divides the line
segment BD in the ratio 1 : 2. If BE = 1.5 cm, find BC.
A B
24. In the given figure, ODC ~ OBA, BOC = 115° and
CDO = 70°. Find (i) DOC, (ii) DCO, (iii) OAB, (iv) OBA.
D C
70°

O 115°

A B
25. Perimeter of two equilateral triangles ABC and PQR are 144 m and 96 m, find
ar (ABC) : ar (PQR).

31
Class X - Maths

SHORT ANSWER TYPE (II) QUESTIONS T

P
QR QT
26. In figure,  and 1 = 2, show that PQS
QS PR
~ TQR.
1 2
Q S R

27. In equilateral ABC, AD  BC . Prove that 3BC2 = 4AD2.

BC2 BD
28. In ABC, ACB = 90°, also CD  AB , Prove that 2
 .
AC AD A

D P
29. In ABC, D and E are two points on AB such that AD = BE.
If DP || BC and EQ || AC. Prove that PQ || AB. E

B C
Q
30. In the given figure, E is a point on side CB producted of
an isosceles ABC with AB = AC. If AD  BC and EF  AC , Prove that ABD ~
ECF.
A

E B D C
P

31. In figure, S & T trisect the side QR of a right triangle

PQR, Prove that 8PT 2 = 3PR2 + 5PS2.

Q S T R
32. If AD and PS are medians of ABC and PQR
AB AD
respectively where ABC ~ PQR, Prove that  .
PQ PS
A

33. In the given figure, ABC is a triangle in which B is

an obtuse angle and AD  CB produced. Prove that
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 + 2BC . BD.
D B C

32
 Class X - Maths

B
34. The given figure, DE || AC. Which of the following is true? a

ab ay E x D
x or x
ay ab b

C y A
35. Prove that the sum of the square of the sides of a rhombus
is equal to the sum of the squares of its diagonals?
36. A street light bulb is fixed on a Pole 6 m above, the level of the street. If a woman
of height 1.5m casts a shadow of 3m, find how far she is away from the base of
the pole.
37. Two poles of height a meters and b meters are p meter apart. Prove that the
height of the point of intersection of the lines joining the top of each pole to the
ab
foot of the opposite pole is given by Meters.
ab
L

38. In the given figure, find the value of x in terms of a, b a P

and c. x
50° 50°
M b N c K
A

39. In figure, AB || PQ || CD, AB = x units, CD = y units and C

x
PQ = z units. Prove that P
y
1 1 1 z
  .
x y z B Q D

PS PT
40. In the given figure,  and PST = PRQ. S T
SQ TR
Prove that PQR is an isosceles .

Q R

41. In the given figure, B < 90° and segment AD  BC, show that
(i) b2 = h2 + a2 + x2 – 2ax A
b
c
(ii) b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ax h
x a-x
B D C

33
Class X - Maths

42. In the given figure, PQR is a right triangle right angled at Q. X and Y are the
points on PQ and QR such that PX : XQ = 1 : 2, and QY : YR = 2 : 1, Prove that
9(PY2 + XR2) = 13PR2
43. If E is a point on side CA of an equileteral triangle ABC such that BE  CA, then
prove that
AB2 + BC2 + CA2 = 4BE2. D
A
44. Two triangles ABC and BDC, right angled at A and D P
respectively are drawn on the same base BC and on
the same side of BC. If AC and DB intersect at P, Prove C
B
that AP × PC = DP × PB.
45. Hypotenuse of a right triangle is 25 cm and out of the remaining two sides, one is
longer than the other by 5 cm, find the length of the other two sides.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

A
BE BC D
46. In the following figure, DE || AC and  . Prove
EC CP
that DC || AP.
B E C P
D

C
47. In a quandrilateral ABCD, B = 90°, AD2 = AB2 + BC2 +
CD2. Prove that ACD = 90°.
A B

48. In figure, DE || BC, DE = 3 cm, BC = 9 cm and ar (ADE) D E

= 30 cm2. Find ar (trap. BCED). 3 cm

B 9 cm C
49. State and Prove Pythagoras Theorem.

1
50. In an equilateral ABC, D is a point on side BC such that BD  BC . Prove that
3
9AD2 = 7AB2.
51. In PQR, PD  QR such that D lies on QR. If PQ = a, PR = b, QD = c and DR =
d and a, b, c, d are positive units, Prove that (a + b) (a – b) = (c + d) (c – d).

34
 Class X - Maths

52. In a trapezium ABCD, AB || DC and DC = 2AB. EF drawn parallel to AB cuts AD

BE 3
in F and BC in E such that  . Diagonals DB intersects EF at G. Prove that
BC 4
7EF = 10AB.
53. Prove that the ratio of the area of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the
squares of their corresponding sides.
A
X
54. In the given figure, the line segment XY is parallel to
AC of ABC and it divides the triangle into two parts of
AX 2 1
equal areas. Prove that  . B Y C
AB 2
55. Through the vertex D of a parallelogram ABCD, a line is drawn to intersect the
sides BA and BC produced at E and F respectively. Prove that

DA FB FC
  .
AE BE CD
56. Prove that if in a triangle, the square on one side is equal to the sum of the
squares on the other two sides, then the angle opposite to the first side is a right
angle.

35
Class X - Maths

ANSWER

ac
1. No 2. 10 cm 3. x  4. 5 cm
bc

5. D = R True, F = P False. 6. 5 : 7 7. 24 cm
8. 2900 km 9. 18 cm 10. x = 3 11. 1 : 3
12. x=2 13. 13 cm2 14. 56° 15. 2 : 3
16. 90° 20. x = 2 21. PR = 12 cm, QR = 63 cm
22. 2.5 cm 23. 3 cm 24. 65º, 45°, 45°, 70°

ay ac
25. 9:4 34. x  36. 9 M 38. x 
ab bc
45. 15 cm, 20 cm 48. 240 cm2

36
 Class X - Maths

PRACTICE TEST
[Duration : 50 Minutes] [M.M. : 20]

1. The length of the diagonals of rhombus are 16 cm and 12 cm, find the side of the
rhombus. 1

AD2
2. In an equilateral ABC, AD  BC and  x . Find the value of x. 1
BC2
3. In ABC, if DE || BC, AD = x + 1, DB = x – 1, AE = x + 3 and EC = x, then find the
value of x. 2
4. In the given figure, can triangle ABC be similar to PBC? If yes, give reason. 2
A

B C
5. PQR is a right angled triangle, having Q = 90°, If QS = SR, Show that
PR2 = 4PS2 – 3PQ2. 3

ar  DEA
6. In figure, DE || BC and AD : DB = 5 : 4, find ar CAB 3
 
A

D E

B C
7. State and prove Pythagoras Theorem. 4

LO 2 7
8. In an equilateral LMN, the side MN is trisected at O. Prove that  . 4
LM2 9

37
Class X - Maths

CHAPTER 5

TRIGONOMETRY
BASIC CONCEPTS

 Trigonometric ratio : In ABC, B = 90°. For A,

Perpendicular Opposite side C

sin A  
Hypotenuse Hypotenuse

Perpendicular
use
Base adjacent side en
cos A   pot
Hypotenuse Hypotenuse y
H
q
Perpendicular Opposite side
tan A   A Base B
Base adjacent side

Base adjacent side

cot A  
Perpendicular Opposite side

Hypotenuse Hypotenuse
sec A  
Base adjacent side

Hypotenuse Hypotenuse
cosec A  
Perpendicular Opposite side
 Opposites

1 1
sin   , cosec  
cosec  sin 

1 1
cos   , sec  
sec  cos 

1 1
tan   , cot  
cot  tan 

sin  cos 
 tan   , cot  
cos  sin 
 Identities

sin2  + cos2  = 1  sin2  = 1 – cos2  and cos2  = 1 – sin2 

38
 Class X - Maths

1 + tan2  = sec2   tan2  = sec2  – 1 and sec 2  – tan2  = 1

1 + cot2  = cosec2  cot2  = cosec2  – 1 and cosec2  – cot2  = 1

 Trigonometric ratio of some specific angles

A 0° 30° 45° 60° 90°

1 1 3
sin A 0 1
2 2 2

3 1 1
cos A 1 0
2 2 2

1
tan A 0 1 3 Not defined
3

1
cot A Not defined 3 1 0
3

2
sec A 1 2 2 Not defined
3

2
cosec A Not defined 2 2 1
3

 Trigonometric ratios of complimentary angles

sin (90 – ) = cos 
cos (90 – ) = sin 
tan (90 – ) = cot 
cot (90 – ) = tan 
sec (90 – ) = cosec 
cosec (90 – ) = sec 

39
Class X - Maths

CHAPTER 5

TRIGONOMETRY
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. If sin  = cos , find the value of .

2. If tan  = cot (30° + ), find the value of .

3. If sin  = cos ( – 6°), find the value of .

7
4. If cos A  , find the value of tan A + cot A
25
4 sin   cos 
5. If tan   then find the vaule of .
3 sin   cos 

3  2 1
6. If 3x = cosec  and  cot  then find 3  x  2 
x  x 

7. If x = a sin  and y = a cos  then find the value of x 2 + y2

8. Find the value of cosec 70° – sec 20°.

5  1
9. If 5x = sec  and  tan  then find the value of 5  x 2  2  .
x  x 

10. Find the value of 9 sec 2 A – 9 tan2 A.

11. Express sec  in terms of cot .
12. Find the value of cos  cos (90 – ) – sin  sin (90 – ).
13. If sin (20° + ) = cos 30° then find the value of .

1  tan2 
14. Find the value of
1  cot 2 

sin 
15. Find the value of
1– sin2 

40
 Class X - Maths

SHORT ANSWER TYPE (I) QUESTIONS

16. Prove that

sec4  – sec2  = tan4  + tan2 .

1  sin 
17. = tan  + sec 
1  sin 

18. If x = p sec  + q tan  & y = p tan  + q sec  then prove that x2 – y2 = p2 – q2.

1
19. If 7 sin2  + 3 cos2  = 4 then show that tan   .
3
1 1
20. If sin  A – B  , cos  A  B  , then find the value of A and B.
2 2

cos2 20  cos2 70 

21. Find the value of .
sin2 59  sin2 31
22. Prove that : tan 1° tan 11° tan 21° tan 69° tan 79° tan 89° = 1.
23. If sec 4A = cosec (A – 20°) then find the value of A.

cosec 2 A  1
24. If 3 cot A = 4, find the value of .
cosec 2 A – 1
25. If tan (3x – 15) = 1 then find the value of x.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE (II) QUESTIONS

Prove that : (Q. 26 to Q. 30)

tan A  sec A – 1 1  sin A

26. 
tan A – sec A  1 cos A

1 1 1 1
27.   –
sec x  tan x cos x cos x sec x  tan x

tan  cot 
28.   1  tan   cot   sec  cosec  + 1
1– cot  1  tan 
29. (sin  + cosec )2 + (cos  + sec )2 = 7 + tan2  + cot2 
30. sec A (1 – sin A) (sec A + tan A) = 1
31. If cos  + sin  = 2 cos  then show that cos  – sin  = 2 sin .

41
Class X - Maths

32. If tan  + sin  = m, tan  – sin  = n then show that m 2 – n2 = 4 mn .

1 1
33. If sec  = x  , prove that sec  + tan  = 2x or
4x 2x

34. If sin  + sin2  = 1, prove that cos2  + cos4  = 1.

35. Without using trigonometric table, find the value of
cot  tan (90 – ) sec (90 – ) cosec  + sin2 65º + sin2 25° + 3 tan 5° tan 85°.

cot 90 –  cosec 90 –  sin 

36. Prove that :   sec 2 
tan  tan 90 – 

37. Find the value of :

cos 20  cos2 70 

+ 2 cosec2 58° – 2 cot 58° tan 32° – 4 tan 13° tan 37° tan 77°
sec 2 50 – cot 2 40 
tan 45° tan 53°

 B  C A
38. If A, B, C are the angle of ABC then prove that cosec 2    tan2  1
 2  2

sin 15 cos 75  cos 15  sin 75 

39. Find the value of sec2 10° – cot2 80° + cos  sin 90 –   sin  cos 90 – 

tan  – cot 
40. Prove that :  tan2  – cot 2 
sin  cos 

Prove that : (Q. 41 to Q. 44)

sec   tan  – 1 cos 

41. 
tan   sec   1 1– sin 

 1  1  1
42.  1  2   1  
tan    cot   sin   sin4 
2 2

43. 2 (sin6  + cos6 ) – 3(sin4  + cos4 ) + 1 = 0.

44. (1 + cot A + tan A) (sin A – cos A) = sin A tan A – cot A cos A.

45. If sin  + cos  = m and sec  + cosec  = n then show that n(m 2 – 1) = 2m
46. Find the value of :

42
 Class X - Maths

cot 90 –  tan   cosec  90 –  sec  cos2  50   tan2  40 – 


sin 12 cos 15 sec 78 cosec 75 tan 15 tan 37 tan 53 tan 75
A

47. In given right triangle if base and perpendicular represents

hardwork and success respectively and ratio between them
is 1 : 1 then find AOB. Which mathematical concepts has
been used in the question? Which values are depicted here?

B C

48. If timebound and continuity are two measurable quantities respectively equal to
1 1
A & B. If sin  A – B  , cos  A  B  whose 0 < A + B  90°, find the values of
2 2
A and B.
49. If x = sin2 , y = cos2  where x and y represents honesty and hardwork.
(a) What will be the result after joining honesty and hardwork.
(b) Which mathematical concept has been used here?
(c) Which values are depicted here?

43
Class X - Maths

ANSWER

625
1. 45° 2. 30° 3. 24° 4.
168

1
5. 7 6. 7. a 8. 0
3

1 1  cos2 
9. 10. 9 11. 12. 0º
5 cot 

13. 50° 14. tan2  15. tan  20. A = 45°, B = 15°

17
21. 1 23. 22° 24. 25. 20°
8

35. 3 37. –1 39. 2 46. 0

47. 45° Trigonometry, hardwork and success.
48. A = 45°, B = 15° honesty, hardwork, co-operation
49. (a) 1; (b) Trigonometry; (c) Honesty and hardwork.

44
 Class X - Maths

PRACTICE TEST
[Duration : 50 Minutes] [M.M. : 20]

4
1. If sin   what is the value of cos . 1
5

2. Write the value of sin (45 + ) – cos (45 – ) 1

5 sin   3 cos 
3. If 5 tan  = 4 then find the value of . 2
5 sin   2 cos 
4. Find the value of tan 35 tan 40° tan 45° tan 50° tan 55°. 2

sin  1  cos 
5. Prove that   2 cosec  . 3
1  cos  sin 

cos A sin2 A
6. Prove that –  sin A  cos A . 3
1  tan A cos A – sin A
1
7. If tan (A + B) = 3 and tan  A  B  then find the value of x and y.. 4
3

tan   sec   1 cos 

8. Prove that :  . 4
tan   sec   1 1  sin 

45
Class X - Maths

CHAPTER 6

STATISTICS
KEY POINTS

 The mean for grouped data can be found by :

fi xi
(i) The direct method X 
fi
(ii) The assumed mean method

 f idi
X a
fi where di = xi – a.

(iii) The step deviation method

 f iu i xi – a
X a h where ui 
f i h
 The mode for the grouped data can be found by using the formula

 f –f 
mode  l   1 0   h
 2f1  f0  f2 
l = lower unit of the modal class
f1 = frequency of the modal class.
f0 = frequency of the proceding class of the modal class.
f2 = frequency of the succeeding class of the modal class
h = size of the class interval.
Modal class : Class interval with highest frequency.
 The median for the grouped data can be found by using the formula

n 
 Cf
2 
median  l   h
 f 
l = lower limit of the median class
n = number of observations

46
 Class X - Maths

Cf = cumulative frequency of class interval preceeding the median class

f = frequency of median class
h = class size
 Cumulative frequency curve or an ogive
(i) Ogive is the graphicsl representation of the cumulative frequency distribution.
(ii) Less than type Ogive :
(a) Construct a cumulative frequency table.
(b) Mark the upper class limit on the x-axis.
(iii) More than type Ogive :
(a) Construct a frequency table.
(b) Mark the lower class limit on the x-axis.
(iv) To obtain the median of frequency distribution from the graph :
(a) Locate point of intersection of less than type Ogive and more than type
Ogive
Draw a perpendicular from this point on x-axis.
(b) The point at which it cuts the x-axis gives the median.
 Mode = 3 median – 2 mean.

47
Class X - Maths

CHAPTER 6

STATISTICS
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What is the mean of first 12 prime numbers?

2. The mean of 20 numbers is 18. If 2 is added to each number, what is the new
mean?
3. The mean of 5 observations 3, 5, 7, x and 11 is 7, find the value of x.
4. What is the median of first 10 natural numbers?
5. What is the value of x, if the median of the following data is 27.5?
24, 25, 26, x + 2, x + 3, 30, 33, 37.
6. What is the mode of the observations 5, 7, 8, 5, 7, 6, 9, 5, 10, 6.
7. Write the relation between mean, median and mode.
8. What measure of the central tendency is represented by the abscissa of the
point where ‘less than’ and ‘more than’ ogive intersect?
9. Which measure of the central tendency cannot be determined graphically.
10. The arithmetic mean and mode of a data are 24 and 12 respectively. Find the
median.
11. Write the class mark of the class 19.5 – 29.5.
12. The mean of 5 numbers is 18. If one number is excluded then their mean is 16.
Find the excluded number.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE (I) QUESTIONS

13. The mean of 11 observations is 50. If the mean of first six observations is 49 and
that of last six observations is 52, then find sixth observation.
14. Find the mean of following distribution.

x 12 16 20 24 28 32

f 5 7 8 5 3 2

48
 Class X - Maths

15. Find the median of the follwing distribution

x 10 12 14 16 18 20

f 3 5 6 4 4 3

16. Find the mode of the following frequency distribution.

Class 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30

Frequency 2 7 18 10 8 5

17. Draw a ‘less than’ ogive of the following data

Marks No. of Students

Less than 20 0
Less than 30 4
Less than 40 16
Less than 50 30
Less than 60 46
Less than 70 66
Less than 80 82
Less than 90 92
Less than 100 100

18. Write the following data into less than cumulative frequency distribution table.

Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

No. of Students 7 9 6 8 10

SHORT ANSWER TYPE (II) QUESTIONS

19. Find the mean of the following data

C.I. 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

F 8 12 10 11 9

49
Class X - Maths

20. If the mean of the following distribution is 54, find the value of P.

Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100

Frequency 7 P 10 9 13

21. Find the median of the following frequency distribution.

C.I. 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60

F 5 3 10 6 4 2

22. The median of following frequency distribution is 24. Find the missing frequency
x.

Age (in years) 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

No. of Persons 5 25 x 18 7

23. Find the median of the following data.

Marks Below 10 Below 20 Below 30 Below 40 Below 50 Below 60

No. of students 0 12 20 28 33 40

24. Draw a ‘more than type’ ogive of the following data.

Weight (in kg.) 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60

No. of Students 2 4 10 15 6 3

How is the overweight harmful for a person?

25. Find the mode of the following data.

Height (In cm) Above 30 Above 40 Above 50 Above 60 Above 70 Above 80

No. of Plants 34 30 27 19 8 2

50
 Class X - Maths

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

26. The mean of the following data is 53, find the value of f 1 and f2.

C.I. 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 Total

F 15 f1 21 f2 17 100

27. The mean of the following distribution is 57.6 and the sum of its frequencies is
50, find the missing frequencies f 1 and f2.

Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120

Frequency 7 f1 12 f2 8 5

28. If the median of the distribution given below is 28.5, find the values of x and y.

C.I. 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 Total

F 5 8 x 15 y 5 60

29. The median of the following distribution is 35, find the value of a and b.

C.I. 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 Total

F 10 20 a 40 b 25 15 170

30. Find the mean, median and mode of the following data

C.I. 45-55 55-65 65-75 75-85 85-95 95-105 105-115

F 7 12 17 30 32 6 10

31. Find the mean, median and mode of the following data

C.I. 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50

F 2 3 6 7 14 12 4 2

51
Class X - Maths

32. The rainfall recorded in a city for 60 days is given in the following table :

Rainfall (in cm) 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60

No. of Days 16 10 8 15 5 6

Calculate the median rainfall using a more than type ogive. Why is water
conservation necessary?

33. Find the mean of the following distribution by step-deviation method.

Daily Expenditure 100-150 150-200 200-250 250-300 300-350

No. of Households 4 5 12 2 2

34. The distribution given below shows the marks of 100 students of a class

Marks No. of Students

0–5 4

5-10 6

10-15 10

15-20 10

20-25 25

25-30 22

30-35 18

35-40 5

Draw a less than type and a more than type ogive from the given data. Hence
obtain the median marks from the graph.

52
 Class X - Maths

35. The annual profit earned by 30 factories in an industrial area is given below.
Draw both ogives for the data and hence find the median.

Profit (Rs. in Lakh) No. of Factories

More than or equal to 5 30

More than or equal to 10 28

More than or equal to 15 16

More than or equal to 20 14

More than or equal to 25 10

More than or equal to 30 7

More than or equal to 35 3

36. If the mode of the given data is 340. Find the missing frequency x for the following
data.

Class 0-100 100-200 200-300 300-400 400-500 500-600

Frequency 8 12 x 20 14 7

53
Class X - Maths

ANSWERS
1. 16.4 2. 20 3. 9 4. 3
5. x = 25 6. 5 7. Mode = 3 median – 2 mean
8. Median 9. Mean 10. Median = 20 11. 24.5

12. 26 13. 56 14. 20 15. 14

16. 12.89
18. Marks No. of Students
Less than 10 7
Less than 20 16
Less than 30 22
Less than 40 30
Less than 50 40
19. 25.2 20. 11 21. 27 22. 25
23. 20 25. 63.75 26. f1 = 18, f2 = 29
27. f1 = 8, f2 = 10 28. x = 20, y = 7 29. a = 35, b = 25
30. Mean = 81.05, Median = 82, Mode = 85.71
31. Mean = 32, Median = 33, Mode = 34.38
32. Median = 25 33. Mean = 211 34. Median = 24 35. Median = 17.5
36. x = 16

54
 Class X - Maths

PRACTICE TEST
[Duration : 50 Minutes] [M.M. : 20]

1. What is the class mark of a class a – b. 1

2. Find the mean of all the even nmbers between 11 and 21. 1
3. The mean of 50 observations is 20. If each observation is multiplied by 3, then
what will be the new mean? 2
4. The mean of 10 observations is 15.3. If two observations 6 and 9 are replaced
by 8 and 14 respectively. Find the new mean. 2
5. Find the mode :

Marks less than less than less than less than less than
20 40 60 80 100

No. of Students 4 10 28 36 50

6. Find the missing frequency, if the mode is given to be 58.

Age (in Yrs). 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80

No. of Patients 5 13 x 20 18 19

7. The mean of the following frequency distribution is 57.6 abd the number of
observations is 50. Find the missing frequencies f 1 and f2.

Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120

Frequency 7 f1 12 f2 8 5

8. Following is the age distribution of cardiac patients admitted during a month in a

hospital :

Age (in Yrs.) 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80

No. of Patients 2 8 15 12 10 5

Draw a ‘less than type’ and ‘more than type’ ogives and from the curves, find the
median.

55
Class X - Maths

GENERAL VALUES FOR

VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
[Duration : 50 Minutes] [M.M. : 20]

1. Honesty
2. Punctuality, Discipline
3. Humanity
4. Gender Equality
5. Eco Friendly / Environment Loving
6. Hard work
7. Logical Reasoning
8. knowledge
9. Love and care
10. Sportsmanship
11. Healthy Competition / Team Spirit
12. Ambition
13. Courage

14. Equality
15. Economic Value / Habit of Saving
16. Social Value
17. Religious value
18. Co-operation
19. Unity
20. Health Awareness

56
 Class X - Maths

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT-I
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS

CLASS : X
[Time : 3 Hrs.] [M.M. : 90]

General Instruction :
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) The question paper consists of 31 questions divided into four sections A, B, C
and D section A comprises of 4 questions of 1 mark each, Section B comprises
of 6 questions of 2 marks each, Section C comprises of 10 questions of 3 marks
each and Section D comprises of 11 questions 4 marks each.
(iii) There is no overall choice in this question paper.
(iv) Use of calculator is not permitted.

SECTION – A

Question number 1 to 4 carry one mark each.

1. If ABC ~ EDF then write relation between the sides.
2. What is the value of tan 1° tan 2° tan 3°...... tan 89° ?

1
3. If sin   ,  is acute, then find value of 3 cos  – 4 cos2 .
2
4. Write empirical relationship among Median, Mode and Mean of a data.

SECTION – B

Question numbers 5 to 10 carry two marks each.

5. If ,  are zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 – 6x + a find a if 3 + 2 = 20
6. Find LCm (306, 1314) if HCF (306, 1314) is equal to 18.
7. Solve for x and y.
47x + 31y = 63
31x + 47y = 15

57
Class X - Maths

AQ AR
8. In the given figure PQ || CD and PR || CB, prove  .
QD RB
C

D P
B
Q R
A
9. Find mean of the following data.

Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

No. of Students 8 12 10 11 9

10. If 3 cot A = 4, find the value of

cosec 2 A  1
cosec 2 A – 1

SECTION – C

Question Numbers 11 to 20 carry three marks each.

11. Use Euclid’s division alogrithm to find HCF of 10224 and 9648.
12. In the given figure, P and Q are mid point of the sides CA and CB respectively of
ABC right angled at C Prove 4 (AQ2 + BP2) = 5 AB2.
A

C Q B
13. Find values of a and b for which the system of linear Equations has infinite number
of solutions :
(a + b)x – 2by = 5a + 2b + 1
3x – y = 14
14. Compute f 1 and f2 if mean of the following distribution is 62.8 :-

58
 Class X - Maths

Class Interval 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120 Total

Frequency 5 f1 10 f2 7 8 50

15. Evaluate

2 cos 58 cos 38º cosec 52°

–
sin 32 tan18 tan 35  tan 2 60  tan 72  tan 55 

16. Find K if x2 + 2x + k is a factor of

2x4 + x3 – 14x2 + 5x + 6

17. Find median of the given data

Marks 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80

Frequency 15 6 18 10

18. Prove 3  5 is irrational.

19. In the adjoining figure AB  BC, DE  AC and GF  BC. Prove ADE ~ GCF.
A

E
D

B F C
20. Nine times a two digit number is the same as twice the number obtained by
interchanging the digits of the number. If one digit of the number exceeds the
other digit by 7, find the number.
SECTION – D

Question numbers 21 to 31 carry four marks each.

5 5
21. Obtain all the zeroes of 3x4 + 6x3 – 2x2 – 10x – 5 if two zeros are and – .
3 3
22. Draw the graph of x – y + 1 = 0, 3x + 2y – 12 = 0 and show that there is a unique
solution. Calculate the area bounded by these lines and y-axis.
23. Prove that if a line is a drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the
other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same
ratio.

59
Class X - Maths

24. If x = tan A + sin A, y = tan A – sin A then prove that

2 2
 x  y  x  y
 x  y    2   1

25. Prove that

(cot A + sec B) 2 – (tan B – cosec A)2 = 2(cot A sec B + tan B . cosec A)
26. Daily pocket expenses (in Rs.) of 80 students of a school are given below.

Pocket Expanses 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35

in Rs.

No. of students 5 15 20 10 10 15 5

(i) Convert the above distribution into ‘More than type’.

(ii) Draw its ogive.
27. Find the mode of the following frequency distribution

Class Interval 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80

Frequency 4 8 10 12 10 4 2

28. In the adjoining figure, ABD is a triangle in which DAB = 90° and AC  BD.
Prove that AB2 = BC × BD.
D

A B
29. Find the largest positive integer that will divide 122, 150 and 115 leaving remainder
5, 7, 11 respectively.
30. Scooter charges consist of fixed charges and remaining depending upon the
distance travelled in km. If a person travels 10 km, he pays Rs. 65 and for travelling
16 km he pays Rs. 95. Find the total cost if he travels 20 km.
31. Prove

tan A  sec A  1 1  sin A


tan A – sec A  1 cos A

60
 Class X - Maths

ANSWER KEY
AB BC AC  3 
1.   2. 1 3. 3  – 1

ED DF EF 2
4. Mode = 3 Median – 2 mean 5. a = – 16 6. 22338

17
7. x = 2, y = –1 8. Prove it 9. 25.2 10.
8
11. 144 12. Prove it 13. a = –5, b = –1 14. f1 = 18, f2 = 12

5
15. 16. k = – 3. 17. 43.88 18. Prove it
3

19. Prove it 20. 18 21. –1, –1

22. Unique solution x = 2, y = 3, Area = 5 sq. units.
23. Prove it 24. Prove it 25. Prove it
26. (i) More than Series

Pocket Expanses (in Rs.) No. of Students

More than 0 80
More than 5 75
More than 10 60
More than 15 40
More than 20 30

More than 25 20
More than 30 5

(ii) Draw ogive.

27. 45 28. Prove
29. Largest positive integer is 13
30. Rs. 115 31. Prove

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Class X - Maths

MODEL PAPER - I
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT-I
SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
CLASS : X
[Time : 3 Hrs.] [M.M. : 90]

General Instruction :
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) The question paper consists of 31 questions divided into four sections A, B, C
and D. Section ‘A’ comprises of 4 questions of 1 mark each; section ‘B’ comprises
of 6 questions of 2 marks each; section ‘C’ comprises of 10 questions of 3 marks
each and section ‘D’ comprises of 11 questions of 4 marks each.
(iii) There is no overall choice in this question paper.
(iv) Use of calculator is not permitted.

SECTION – A

Question number 1 to 4 carry one mark each.

1. In the given figure, if A = 90°, B = 90°, AO = 6 cm, OB = 4.5 cm and AP = 4 cm,
then find QB.
Q

A O
B

P
2. Find the value of sin2 41° + sin2 49°
3. If A and B are acute angles and cosec A = sec B, then find the value of A + B.
4. In the following frequency distribution, find the median class.

Height (in cm) 140-145 145-150 150-155 155-160 160-165 165-170

Frequency 5 15 25 30 15 10

62
 Class X - Maths

SECTION – B

Question number 5 to 10 carry two marks each.

5. Explain whether 3 × 12 × 101 + 4 is a prime number or a composite number.
6. Find the prime factorisation of the denominator of the rational number equivalent
to 8.39.
7. Divide the polynomial f(x) = x3 – 4x + 6 by the polynomial g(x) = 2 – x2, and find
the quotient and the remainter.
8. In an equilateral triangle of side 24 cm, find the length of the altitude.
9. Find the value of Q, if

cos  cos 
  4;   90.
1  sin  1  sin 
10. Find the mean of the following distribution :

Class Interval 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30

Frequency 5 4 1 6 4.

SECTION – C

Question Number 11 to 20 carry three marks each.

11. Show that number 8 th can never end with digit 0 for any natural number n.

12. Determine graphically whether the following pair of linear equation.

3x – y = 7

2x + 5y + 1 = 0 has

(i) a unique solution

(ii) infinitely many solutions or

(iii) no solution.

13. Quadratic polynomial 2x2 – 3x + 1 has zeroes as a and b. Now from a quadratic
polynomial whose zeroes are 3a and 3b.

2
14. If zeroes of the polymonial x2 + 4x + 2 a are a and , then find the value of a.


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Class X - Maths

15. From an airport, two aeroplanes start at the same time. If speed of first aeroplane
due North is 500 km/hr and that of other due East is 650 km/hr, then find the
distance between the two aeroplanes after 2 hours.
16. In ABC, DE || BC. If AD = x + 2, DB = 3x + 16, AE = x and EC = 3x + 5, then find x.
17. If cos (40° + x) = sin 30°, find the value of x.
18. When is an equation called an ‘identity’? Prove that trigonometric identity
1 + tan2 A = sec2 A.
19. A group of students conducted a survey of their locality to collect the data regarding
number of plants and recorded it in the following table :

No. of Plants 0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15

No. of Hours 2 4 5 1 2

Find the mode for the above data.

20. Find the median of the following data :

Height (in cm) Less than Less than Less than Less than Less than
120 140 160 180 200

No. of Students 12 26 34 40 50

SECTION – D

Question numbers 21 to 31 carry four marks each.

21. Find the HCF of 256 and 36 using Euclid’s Division algorithm. Also, find their
LCM and Verify that HCF × LCM = Product of the two number.
22. Raghav scored 70 marks in a test, getting 4 marks for each correct answer and
losing 1 mark for each wrong answer. Had 5 Marks been awarded for each correct
answer and 2 marks been deducted for each wrong answer, then Raghav would
have scored 80 marks. How many questions were there in the test? Which values
would have Raghav violated if he resorted to unfair means ?
23. Obtain all other zeroes of the polynomial x4 + 6x3 + x2 – 24x – 20, if two of its
zeroes are 2 and –5.
24. Solve graphically the pair of linear equations :
3x – 4y + 3 = 0 and 3x + 4y – 21 = 0
Find the coordinates of the vertices of the triangular region formed by these lines
and x-axis. Also, calculate the area of this triangle.

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 Class X - Maths

25. In ABC, AD  BC and Point D lies on BC such that 2DB = 3CD. Prove that 5AB 2
= 5AC2 + BC2.

26. Prove that the diagonals of a trapezium intersect each other in the same ratio.
27. Prove that : (cot A + sec B)2 – (tan B – cosec A)2 = 2 (cot A sec B + tan B cosec A).
28. If cos (A + B) = 0 and cot (A – B) = 3, find the value of
(i) sec A tan B – cot A sin B
(ii) cosec A cot B + sin A tan B.

29. If x = tan A + sin A and y = tan A – sin A

2 2
 x  y  x  y
Prove that :    1.

 x  y  2 

30. The following distribution given the distribution of life times of washing machines
of a certain company.

Life time (in hrs.) 1000-1200 1200-1400 1400-1600 1600-1800 1800-2000 2000-2200 2200-2400

No. of Washing 15 60 68 86 75 61 45
Machines

Convert the above distribution into ‘less than type’ and draw its ogive.
31. On the Sports day of a school, 300 students participated. Their ages are given in
the following distrubution :

Age (in yrs.) 5-7 7-9 9-11 11-13 13-15 15-17 17-19

No. of Students 67 33 41 95 36 13 15

Find the mean and mode of the data.

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Class X - Maths

ANSWER KEY
1. BQ = 3 cm 2. 1 3. A + B = 90°
4. Median class = 155–160 5. Composite Number

6. Prime factors of 100 = 2 2 × 52 7. Q = –x, R = – 2x + 6

8. AD = 12 3 cm 9. Q = 60° 10. x  15

12. intersecting at (2, –1), unique solution

9 9
13. x2 – x 14. a = 1, 15. 100 269 km 16. x = 2
2 2

17. x = 20° 19. Mode = 6.6 20. Median = 138.6 cm

21. HCF = 4, LCM = 2304

22. Total No. of questions = 30, Honesty, done injustice to his own soul.
23. zeroes are – 2 and – 1
24. Vertices (–1, 0), (3, 3) and (7, 0) Area of  = 12 sq. units.

3 5
25. (i) (ii)
2 2

26. Mean = 10.66; Mode = 11.96

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