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    Geophysical Methods

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    Cara Lasnier
    Geophysical methods are non-intrusive techniques that indirectly measure subsurface properties and features through physical measurements like seismic waves, gravity, magnetism, electricity, heat, and radioactivity. These methods can identify archaeological sites and buried structures, detect subsurface material contrasts through properties like density and conductivity, and investigate site geology, stratigraphy, and rock quality. Common geophysical methods include seismic, gravity, magnetic, electrical, geothermal, and radiometric techniques.

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    Geophysical Methods

    Uploaded by

    Cara Lasnier
    30 views4 pages
    Geophysical methods are non-intrusive techniques that indirectly measure subsurface properties and features through physical measurements like seismic waves, gravity, magnetism, electricity, heat, and radioactivity. These methods can identify archaeological sites and buried structures, detect subsurface material contrasts through properties like density and conductivity, and investigate site geology, stratigraphy, and rock quality. Common geophysical methods include seismic, gravity, magnetic, electrical, geothermal, and radiometric techniques.

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    Geophysical methods are non-intrusive techniques that indirectly measure subsurface properties and features through physical measurements like seismic waves, gravity, magnetism, electricity, heat, and radioactivity. These methods can identify archaeological sites and buried structures, detect subsurface material contrasts through properties like density and conductivity, and investigate site geology, stratigraphy, and rock quality. Common geophysical methods include seismic, gravity, magnetic, electrical, geothermal, and radiometric techniques.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    30 views4 pages

    Geophysical Methods

    Uploaded by

    Cara Lasnier
    Geophysical methods are non-intrusive techniques that indirectly measure subsurface properties and features through physical measurements like seismic waves, gravity, magnetism, electricity, heat, and radioactivity. These methods can identify archaeological sites and buried structures, detect subsurface material contrasts through properties like density and conductivity, and investigate site geology, stratigraphy, and rock quality. Common geophysical methods include seismic, gravity, magnetic, electrical, geothermal, and radiometric techniques.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    GEOPHYSICAL METHODS

     Geophysical methods are investigative techniques that directly or indirectly


    measure the presence of resources or material behaviour concealed within the
    earth’s subsurface as a result of geologic process or human disturbances.
     The methods are generally non-intrusive and can be employed quickly to collect
    subsurface data.
     The methods describe the techniques used to collect subsurface information
    related to the physical properties of earth material (Technos, 2004). The
    techniques are useful is the following areas:
     To detect subsurface contrasts, including mass-density relationships, ionic
    or electrical potentials, magnetic susceptibilities, and elemental decay.
     To identify the location of archaeological resources and lead to their
    identification.
     To investigate buried prehistoric and historic structures and artifacts.

    I. SEISMIC METHODS
     measures the response of seismic waves that are input into the earth.
     Commonly used to determine site geology, stratigraphy, and rock quality.
     can be classified into two: seismic refraction & seismic reflection.
    a. SEISMIC REFRACTION
     Measures head waves that are refracted along geologic formation below
    the earth’s surface.
     The method is based on measurement of travel time of seismic waves
    refracted at the interfaces between subsurface layers of different velocity.
    b. SEISMIC REFLECTION
     Measures the time necessary for a sound impulse to travel from the
    source bounce off a geological boundary, and return to the surface at a
    geophone.

    II. GRAVITY METHOD


     Represents a set of geophysical methods which make use of the natural
    gravity field of the earth.
    a) GRAVIMETRIC METHOD
     The distribution of gravity on the surface is being analysed.
     The gravimeter is used in gravity measurement.

    III. MAGNETIC METHOD


     Uses the magnetic bodies present in the earth’s surface
     Widely used for detection of ore deposits, geological structures.
    IV. ELECTRICAL METHODS
     Are based on the fact that the subsurface formation, structures, ore
    deposits etc. possess electrical properties.

    a) ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY METHOD


     Profiling and Sounding are two types of resistivity investigations.
     Profiling – done to detect lateral changes in resistivity.
     Sounding – use to determine the vertical changes in resistivity

    V. GEOTHERMAL METHOD
     used in deep structural studies, ore deposits, groundwater studies, for
    delineation of salt-water fresh water interfaces, etc.
    VI. RADIOMETRIC METHOD
     Radiometer – instrument used in radiometric investigation.
     Useful in many ways such as:
     Location of some rare minerals
     Geological mapping
     Exploration of oil & gas
     Groundwater studies

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