Q2.

Summarize assumption in Chapter 2 for Hagen Poisselie

D v
Re 
For circular tubes the Reynolds number isdefined by  , where D = 2R is the tube
diameter.

All the assumptions that were made in obtaining the HagenPoiseuille equation.
(a) The flow is laminar; that is, Re must be less than about 2100.
(b) The density is constant.
(c) The flow is "steady"
(d) The fluid is Newtonian.
(e) End effects are neglected.

(f) The fluid behaves as a continuum-this assumption is valid.

(g) There is no slip at the wall
Q3.

Hagen-Poiseuille equation

  p0  pL  R 4 
w
8 L
 w
8 L  

 p0  pL  
 R4
where
820kg

m3
  0.2 Pa  s
R  1cm  0.01m
L  10m
cm ^ 3 cm ^ 3 1m ^ 3 m3
w  100  100   104
s s 10 ^ 6cm ^ 3 s
3
m
104
Q s  0.3183 m
v  
 R   0.012
2
s
820kg m
D v 3
  2  0.01m  0.3183
Re   m s
 0.2 Pa  s
Re  26.1006
la min ar
Flow is laminar assumption for Hagen Poisellie is valid

 w  m3 
8 L   8  0.2 Pa  s  10m  0.0001 
  sec 
 p 0  pL    50929.58Pa
 R4   0.01
4

 p0  pL   50.93kPa
Q4. Problem 2B3

The momentum balance applied according to equation 2.2-6

LW xz  x  LW xz  x x   W x zz  z 0  LW zz  z  L   LW x  g  0

 xz   xz  x   zz  z 0  zz  z  L 
 lim  x x
   g
  x   L 
x 0
   
v
xz   xz   vx vz    z   vx vz
x
v
zz  p   zz   vz vz  p   z   vz vz
z
vz  vz  x 
vx  0
vz  0
As velocity in z direction only depends upon x so,

 zz  0
 vz vz z 0
  vz vz zL

This is due to uniform cross section

  xz   xz x   p z 0  p z  L 
lim  x x       g
x  0  x   L 
  xz   xz x   p z 0  p z  L 
lim  x x        g
x  0  x   L 
  xz   xz x   o   L 
lim  x x     
x  0  x   L 
  xz     L 
  o 
x  L 
By using Newton’s law of viscosity, we have

  
 xz     o L 
x  L 
   L 
  xz   o  x  C1
 L 
v
 xz    z
x
v    L 
  z dx     o xdx   C1dx
x   L 
   L  2
vz    o  x  C1 x  C2
 2 L 

Applying boundary conditions at x   B, vz  0

   L  2
@ x   B  vz  0    o  B  C1 B  C2
 2 L 
   L  2
@ x   B  vz  0    o  B  C1 B  C2
 2 L 
adding above 2 conditions
   L  2
 C2   o B
 2 L 
subtracting above 2 conditions
0  2C1B
 C1  0

General velocity distribution is given by following equation

    L  2  o   L 2 
vz    o x  B 
 2 L   2 L 
 o   L  2   x  
2

vz    B 1    
 2 L    B  

Maximum velocity occurs when x=0

   L  2
vz ,max   o B
 2 L 
Average velocity

  x 2 
B

 1   B   dx
2  o   L  B 
 
v B  W
 2 L 
B
W   dx 
B
B
  x3     B3 B3  
x 
  2   B  B   2  2 
2  o   L    3B    B 2  o   L    3B 3B  
v B   B  
 2 L  2B  2 L  2B
  2 
2   3 
2  o   L      B 2  o   L   2 
v B  B   
 2 L  2B  2 L   3 
(A) Ratio of maximum velocity to average velocity

   L   2 
B2  o
v  2  L   3   2 
  
vz max 2  o   L  3
B  
 2 L 
(B) Analogous to Hagen Poisellie for the slit
    L   2 
w    2 BW  v    2 BW   B 2  o  
 2 L   3 
 2     o   L    B W  
3

w 
 3   L 

Q5 Problem 2B6 in the text

Similar to analysis we have

Here,

vz
rz   rz   vr vz      vr vz
r
v
zz  p   zz   vz vz  p   z   vz vz
z

vz  vz  r 
vr  0
v  0
p  z  0   p ( z  L)open atmosphere
so, only gravity term

We can drop the term  vr vz

As velocity in z direction only depends upon r so, and remains constant in z direction

 zz  0
 vz vz z 0
  vz vz zL

  p  z  0  p  z  L  
 r rz      r   gr
r  L 

 r  r dr      gr dr
rz

r2
 r rz    g   C1
2
r C
  rz    g   1
2 r
vz
 rz   
r
v  g  C1
  z dr      rdr   dr
r  2 L  r
  g  r2
vz      C1 ln r  C2
 2 L  2
 g  2
vz     r  C1 ln r  C2
 4 L 
Part(A) show that velocity distribution in the film

Boundary conditions are implemented at r=R and r=aR

@ r  R, v z  0
 g  2
 0    R  C1 ln R  C2
 4 L 
 g  2
 C2    R  C1 ln R
 4 L 
dvz
@ r  aR, 0
dr
dv  g  C1
 z  0    aR 
dr  2 L  aR
C1   g 
   aR
aR  2 L 
 g 
 C1     aR 
2

 2 L 
 g  2  g 
 C2   R    aR  ln R
2

 4 L   2 L 

 g  2  g   g  2  g 
vz    r    aR  ln r   R    aR  ln R
2 2

 4 L   2 L   4 L   2 L 
 g  2  g  2  r   g  2
vz    r    aR  ln    R
 4 L   2 L   R   4 L 
 g  2  g  2  r   g  2
vz    r    aR  ln    R
 4 L   2 L   R   4 L 
 g  2   r  r 
2
2 
vz    R 1     2 a ln 
 4 L    R   R  

Hence proved
 aR
  r 2   r  
2  1     2a 2 ln     rdr
 g  2
 v   R
R    R   
R
 4 L 
 aR
2  rdr
R
aR
aR
 r  3
2  r   r  r 4 
2 aR
 r   r    r 
R   R 2 
       
2
 r   2 a r ln
 R  dr     2 aR    ln R   d  R 
  R  R     
2
 2  4R  R
aR aR
 r2  r4  2 1  r   r  1 r  
2 2

   2    2  aR      ln    
 2  4R  R  2  R   R  4  R   R
2  1  aR  
2 2 2 2
1   aR  1  R   R  1  aR  1  R 
   aR    R   2  a 4 R 4  R 4    2  aR   
1 1
    ln        
2 2
 ln  
2 2 4R   2  R   R  2  R   R  4  R  4  R  
1 1
R  a  1  R 2  a 4  1  2a 2 R 2   a  ln  a   a 2  
1 2 2 1 1

2

2 4 2 4 4
1 1  21
  a 2  1  R 2  a 2   2  aR     a 2  1   aR   a  ln  a 
2 2

 4 4   
4
   2  1 
  a 2  1   R 2  a 2    aR       a   R  ln  a 
1 1 4 2

 4 4   2 
1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
 R a  a 2 R 2  a 4 R 2  a 4 R 2  a 4 R 2 ln  a   R 2  R 2
2 2 4 2 4 2
1 3 1
 R 2 a 2  a 4 R 2  a 4 R 2 ln  a   R 2
2 4 4
1 3  11 
2

 R 2 a 2   a 2   ln  a      
 2 4  4  a  
1 23  11 
2
 1 1 2 3 
R a   a   ln  a      
2 2
  a  a 4   ln  a   
 g  2    
     g  4  4 2
2 4 4 a 4 
v  R  R
 4 L  1
R 2  a 2  1  4 L  1
R 2  a 2  1
2  2 
 1 1 2 3 
   a  a 4   ln  a   
1
2

w  v   R 2  a   1   

2 2
  g  4  4 2
  4  L 
R
1 2 2
4
R  a  1
 1
2

  R 2  a   1 

2 2
 
2
 g  4   1  4 a 2
 3a 4
 4 a 4
ln  a  

w R
 8  L  1