Module 11b.

Piston Aeroplane Aerodynamics, Structures And Systems

Note 1: This module does not apply to category B3. Relevant subject matters for category B3 are defined in module
11C.

Note 2: The scope of this Module shall reflect the technology of aeroplanes pertinent to the A2 and B1.2
subcategory.

LEVEL

A2 B1.2

11.1 Theory of Flight

11.1.1. Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls 1 2

Operation and effect of:

— roll control: ailerons and spoilers,
— pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards,
— yaw control, rudder limiters;

Control using elevons, ruddervators;

High lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;

Drag inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;

Effects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges;

Boundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading edge devices;

Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and antibalance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring
tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance panels.

11.1.2. High Speed Flight — N/A — —

11.2 Airframe Structures — General Concepts

(a) Airworthiness requirements for structural strength; 2 2

Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;
Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;
Zonal and station identification systems;
Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue;
Drains and ventilation provisions;
System installation provisions;
Lightning strike protection provision;
Aircraft bonding.

(b) Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, 1 2
frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning,
anti-corrosive protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments;
Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;
Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting;
Surface cleaning;
Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.
Module 11b. Piston Aeroplane Aerodynamics, Structures And Systems
LEVEL

A2 B1.2

11.3 Airframe Structures — Aeroplanes

11.3.1 Fuselage (ATA 52/53/56) 1 2

Construction and pressurisation sealing;

Wing, tail-plane, pylon and undercarriage attachments;

Seat installation;

Doors and emergency exits: construction and operation;

Windows and windscreen attachment.

11.3.2 Wings (ATA 57) 1 2

Construction;

Fuel storage;

Landing gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag attachments.

11.3.3 Stabilisers (ATA 55) 1 2

Construction;

Control surface attachment.

11.3.4 Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57) 1 2

Construction and attachment;

Balancing — mass and aerodynamic.

11.3.5 Nacelles/Pylons (ATA 54) 1 2

Nacelles/Pylons:
— Construction,
— Firewalls,
— Engine mounts.

11.4 Air Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation (ATA 21) 1 3

Pressurisation and air conditioning systems;

Cabin pressure controllers, protection and warning devices;

Heating systems.

11.5 Instruments/Avionic Systems

11.5.1 Instrument Systems (ATA 31) 1 2

Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator;

Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation

indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;

Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;

Module 11b. Piston Aeroplane Aerodynamics, Structures And Systems
LEVEL

A2 B1.2

Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems;

Glass cockpit;

Other aircraft system indication.

11.5.2 Avionic Systems 1 1

Fundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of:

— Auto Flight (ATA 22),
— Communications (ATA 23),
— Navigation Systems (ATA 34).

11.6 Electrical Power (ATA 24) 1 3

Batteries Installation and Operation;

DC power generation;

Voltage regulation;

Power distribution;

Circuit protection;

Inverters, transformers.

11.7 Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25)

(a) Emergency equipment requirements; 2 2

Seats, harnesses and belts;

(b) Cabin lay-out; 1 1

Equipment lay-out;
Cabin Furnishing installation;
Cabin entertainment equipment;
Galley installation;
Cargo handling and retention equipment;
Airstairs.

11.8 Fire Protection (ATA 26)

(a) Fire and smoke detection and warning systems; 1 3

Fire extinguishing systems;
System tests;

(b) Portable fire extinguisher. 1 3

11.9 Flight Controls (ATA 27) 1 3

Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder;

Trim tabs;

High lift devices;

Module 11b. Piston Aeroplane Aerodynamics, Structures And Systems
LEVEL

A2 B1.2

System operation: manual;

Gust locks;

Balancing and rigging;

Stall warning system.

11.10 Fuel Systems (ATA 28) 1 3

System lay-out;

Fuel tanks;

Supply systems;

Cross-feed and transfer;

Indications and warnings;

Refuelling and defuelling.

11.11 Hydraulic Power (ATA 29) 1 3

System lay-out;

Hydraulic fluids;

Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;

Pressure generation: electric, mechanical;

Filters;

Pressure Control;

Power distribution;

Indication and warning systems.

11.12 Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30) 1 3

Ice formation, classification and detection;

De-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical;

Probe and drain heating;

Wiper systems.

11.13 Landing Gear (ATA 32) 2 3

Construction, shock absorbing;

Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;

Indications and warning;

Wheels, brakes, antiskid and autobraking;

Module 11b. Piston Aeroplane Aerodynamics, Structures And Systems

LEVEL

A2 B1.2

Tyres;

Steering;

Air-ground sensing.

11.14 Lights (ATA 33) 2 3

External: navigation, anti collision, landing, taxiing, ice;

Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;

Emergency.

11.15 Oxygen (ATA 35) 1 3

System lay-out: cockpit, cabin;

Sources, storage, charging and distribution;

Supply regulation;

Indications and warnings.

11.16 Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36) 1 3

System lay-out;

Sources: engine/APU, compressors, reservoirs, ground supply;

Pressure control;

Distribution;

Indications and warnings;

Interfaces with other systems.

11.17 Water/Waste (ATA 38) 2 3

Water system lay-out, supply, distribution, servicing and draining;

Toilet system lay-out, flushing and servicing;

Corrosion aspects.