HEAT TRANSFER

UNIT – VI
(THEORY)
_____________________________________________________________________________________

1. Derive an expression for LMTD in a counter flow heat exchanger. [S-2003,S-2009]

2. Write short notes on:
(1) Heat Pipe(2) Fouling of Heat exchanger(3) Overall heat transfer coefficient [S-2003]
3. Discuss the principle and working of heat pipe stating various components. Also discuss the
applications, advantages and limitation of the same. [W-2003,S-2007,S-2012]
4. Write a brief note on Heat Pipes. [S-2004, W-2004,S-2006]
5. Write shot note on: Compact Heat Exchanger. [S-2004, W-2005, S-2009]
6. Write shot note on: Fouling effect in heat exchanger. [S-2004,S-2010]
7. Write shot note on: Losses in heat exchanger. [S-2004]
8. Write shot note on: Overall heat transfer coefficient. [W-2004]
9. Write shot note on: Design aspects of heat exchanger. [W-2004, W-2007,W-2005,S-2006]
10. Derive expression for LMTD for parallel flow heat exchanger. [W-2005,W-2010]
11. Define effectiveness and fouling factor in heat exchanger. [W-2003,W-2005]
12. Why is counter flow heat exchanger effective than parallel flow heat exchanger? [S-2007]
13. What is AMTD and LMTD and when is it used? [W-2003,S-2007]
14. Explain effectiveness of heat exchanger. [S-2007]
15. Write short note on: Coefficient of thermal expansion. [S-2010]
16. Derive an expression for log mean temperature difference of a parallel flow heat exchanger. How
this expression can be modified for counter flow heat exchanger? [S-2012]
 NUMERICAL
1. In a chemical plant 1000 kg/min of the product at 700C (Cp=3.6 kJ/kg-K) are to be used to heat
1200 kg/min of the incoming fluid from 100C (Cp=4.2 kJ/kg-K). If the installed heat transfer
surface is 42m2 and the overall heat transfer coefficient is 1 kW/m2-K. compare the fluid outlet
temperatures with counter flow and parallel flow arrangements. [S-2003]
2. A counter-flow heat exchanger is used to cool mercury [Cp = 1370 KJ/kg k] from T h in = 110C
[Temp. of hot fluid at inlet] to Th out = 70C [Temp. of hot fluid at outlet] at a rate of mh = 1 kg/s,
with water entering at Tc in [Temp. of cold fluid at inlet] = 30C at a flow rate of mc = 0.2 Kg/s.
The overall heat transfer coefficient is Um = 250 w/m2 k. Calculate (a) the heat transfer surface
required and (b) the exit temperature of the water by  = NTU method.
Given
1 − e[−NTU(1−C)]
=
1 − Ce[−(NTU)(1−C)]

Cmin
Where C= [W-2003]
Cmax

3. In an oil cooler, oil enters at 160C. If water entering at 35C flows parallel to oil, the exit
temperature of oil and water are 90C and 70C respectively. Determine the exit temperature of oil
and water if the two fluids flow in opposite directions. Assume that the flow rates of the two fluids
and Uo remain unaltered. What would be the minimum temperatures to which oil could be cooled
in parallel flow and counter-flow operations? [S-2004]
4. A parallel flow of heat transfer uses 1500 kg/hr of cold water entering at 25C to cool 60 kg/hr of
hot water at 70C. The exit temperature on hot side is required to be 50C. Neglecting the effects
of fouling factor. Calculate the area of heat exchanger. It may be assumed that the individual heat
transfer coefficient on both sides are 1600 w/m2K. use mean temperature difference and NTU
approach separately. Also calculate the exit temperature of hot and cold stream if the flow of hot
water is doubled ie 1200 kg/hr. It has been stated that individual heat transfer coefficient are
proportional to 0.8 power of flow rate. Take Cp=4180 J/kgk. [W-2004]
5. Calculate the view factor F11, F12 and F21 for the following geometries:

[W-2005]
6. The spectral emissivity of coloured surface which is at 1500K is,
E = 0.2 0< <2
= 0.6 2< <6
= 0.1 6< <10
= 0 <10
 Calculate total emissive power. Given
T F
m – k 0-
3000 0.2733
9000 0.8900
15000 0.9689
[W-2005]
7. A tubular heat exchanger consists of 1200 tubes each 20mm OD and 5m length. Hot fluid flows
inside the tube and cold over it but in opposite direction to hot fluid. The overall heat transfer
coefficient based on OD is 320 W/m2k. Determine the outlet temperature of both fluids and total
heat transfer. Given,
Thi = 120C, Tci = 20C, nih = 20 Kg/s, nic = 5 Kg/s, Cpc = 4000 J/KgK, Cph = 2000 J/KgK
1−exp[−N (1−C)]
 = 1−C exp [–N (1−C)] ; N = NTU [W-2005]

8. In a food processing plant a brine solution is heated from 60C to 12C in a double pipe heat
exchanger by water entering at 50C and leaving at 40C at the rate of 0.166 Kg/s. If the overall
heat transfer coefficient is 850 W/m2, what heat exchanger area is required for
(i) Parallel flow
(ii) Counter flow [S-2006]
9. Water enters a counter flow, double pipe heat exchanger at 58C, flowing at the rate of 0.75 kg/s.
It is heat by oil (Cp = 1.88kJ/kg-K) flowing at the rate of 1.5 kg/s from an inlet temperature of
116C. For an area of 13m2 and an overall heat transfer coefficient of 340 W/m2-K, determine the
total heat transfer rate. [S-2006]
10. The temperature of oil leaving a co-current flow cooler is to be reduced from 370 k to 350 k by
lengthening the cooler. The oil and water flow rates, the inlet temperatures and the other
dimensions of cooler remain constant. The water enters at 285 k and oil at 420 k. The water leaves
the original cooler at 310 k. If the original length is 1m, what must be the new length? Also find
the new water outlet temperature. [W-2006]
11. Derive an expression for log mean temperature difference for parallel flow heat exchanger.
[W-2006]
12. Cold water at 1495 kg/hr enters at 25C through a counter flow heat exchanger to cool 605 kg/hr
of hot water entering at 70C and leaving at 50C. Find the area of the heat exchanger. The
individual heat transfer coefficient on both sides are 1590 W/m2k. Use LMTD and NTU methods.
Find also the exit temperatures of cold and hot fluid streams, if the flow of hot water is doubled.
Assume that the individual heat transfer coefficient are proportional to 0.8th power of the flow rete.
For water, Cp = 4180 J/kg k. [W-2006]
13. The flow rates of hot and cold water streams running through a parallel flow heat exchanger are
0.2 kg/sec and 0.5 kg/sec respectively. The inlet temperatures on the hot and cold sides are 75C
and 20C respectively. The exit temperature of hot water is 45C. If the individual heat transfer
coefficients on both sides are 650 w/m2C, Calculate area of heat exchanger. [S-2007]
14. In an industry, 0.6 kg/sec of oil, (Cp = 2.5 KJ/kgk) is to be cooled in a counter flow heat
exchanger from 110C to 35C by the use of water entering at 20C. The overall heat transfer
 coefficient is expected to be 1500 w/m2k. Presume that the exit temperature of water is not to
exceed 80C. Using NTU method, calculate,
(i) Water flow rate
(ii) Surface area required
(iii) Effectiveness of exchanger [S-2007, S-2011]
15. A counter flow heat exchanger is employed to cool 0.55 Kg/sec. (Cp=2.45 KJ/KgC) of oil from
115C to 40C by the use of water. The inlet and outlet temperatures of cooling water are 15C
and 75C respectively. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 1450 W/m2C. Using NTU
calculate:
(i) Mass flow rate of water.
(ii) Effectiveness of heat exchanger
(iii) Surface area required [W-2007,W-2008]
16. An oil cooler of the form of tubular heat exchanger cools oil from a temperature of 85C to 35C
by a large pool of stagnant water assumed at constant temperature of 25C. The tube carrying oil is
35m long and of 25mm inside diameter. The specific heat and specific gravity of oil are 2.51
KJ/KgK and 0.8 respectively. The average velocity of the oil is 60cm/sec. Estimate the overall
heat transfer coefficient obtained from the system. [W-2007]
17. CO2 from a gas cooled reactor is used to generate steam. A flow rate of 90000 kg per hour of CO2
at 4 bar pressure enters the tubes of shell and tube steam generator at 500C and leaves at 320C.
The steam saturation temperature is 250C. assume that the steam formed is dry saturated using
2.5cm I.D. Copper tubes, of 2mm wall thickness. The designing for CO2 mass flow rate is
3,50,000 kg per hr per m2. Calculate the length and the number of tubes to be required for above
heat Tr. Neglect ho. properties of CO2 are:
Cp = 1172 J/kg-K, K = 0.0465 w/mK,  = 29.8  10-6 kg/m-s,  = 3.26 kg/m3 [S-2009]
18. In a counter-flow double pipe heat exchanger, water is heated from 25C to 65C by an oil with a
specific heat of 1.45 kJ/kg K and mass flow rate of 0.9 kg/s. The oil is cooled from 230C to
160C. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is 420 W/m2C, calculate the following:
(i) The rate of heat transfer
(ii) The mass flow rate of water
(iii) The surface area of heat exchanger [S-2010]
19. An oil is cooled to 375 K in concurrent heat exchanger by transferring its heat to the cooling water
that leaves the cooler at 300 K. however, it is required that oil must be cooled down to 350 K by
lengthening the cooler while the oil and water flow rates, their inlet temperature and other
dimensions of the cooler remaining unchanged. The inlet temperature of the cooling water and oil
being 288 K and 425 K respectively.
If the length of the original cooler was 1m, Calculate the following:
(i) The outlet temperature of cooling water of the new cooler
(ii) The length of the new cooler [S-2010]
20. A heat exchanger is designed to cool 250 kg/hr of hot liquid of Cp = 3350 J/kgK at 120C using
parallel flow arrangement. 1000 kg/hr of cooling water is available for cooling purpose at
temperature of 10C. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is 1160 w/m2K and the surface area of
the heat exchanger is 0.25 m2, calculate the outlet temperature of cooled liquid and water and also
effectiveness of heat exchanger. [W-2010]
21. An oil cooler consists of a straight tube outer with diameter 2cm, thickness 2mm enclosed within a
pipe and concentric with it. The external pipe is well insulated. Oil flows through a tube at 0.05
kg/s (Cp = 2000 J/kgK) and cooling liquid flows in annulus is opposite direction at the rate of 0.1
kg/s (Cp = 4000 J/kgK). The oil enters the cooler at 180C, while the cooling liquid enters at
30C. Calculate the length of tube required to cool the oil to 80C. If the heat transfer coefficient
on oil side is 2000 W/m2K and heat transfer coefficient on cooling liquid side = 4000 W/m2K.
Neglect the resistance due to tube wall and fouling. [S-2011]
22. Two identical counter flow type heat exchangers are available. Water at the rate of 3600 kg/h and
at 30C (Cp = 4.2 kJ/kg K) is to be heated by cooling an oil (Cp = 2.1 kJ/kg K) at 90C. The oil
flow rate is 2700 kg/h. the heat transfer area in each heat exchanger is 4 m 2. The heat exchangers
are connected in series on the water side and in parallel on the oil side. The oil flow rate is split in
the ratio of 2:1 i.e., 1800 kg/h in the first and 900 kg/h in the second heat exchanger. Water enters
the first heat exchanger at 30C. Find the first water and oil exit temperature. Overall heat transfer
coefficient in each heat exchanger is 30 W/m2K. [S-2012]