SPOUSES ELISEO F. ESTARES and ROSENDA P. ESTARES vs.

By: ZAF
COURT OF APPEALS, HON. DAMASO HERRERA as Presiding Judge of the Topic: Preliminary Injunction
RTC, Branch 24, Biñan, Laguna PROMINENT LENDING & CREDIT
CORPORATION, PROVINCIAL SHERIFF OF LAGUNA and Sheriff IV
ARNEL G. MAGAT
GR No. 144755
Date: June 8, 2005
Facts
 In 1999, petitioner Spouses Estares filed a complaint for "Damages and Preliminary Prohibitory Injunction" against
Prominent Lending & Credit Corporation (PLCC) before the Regional Trial Court.
 They alleged that: they obtained a loan from PLCC for P800,000.00 secured by a real estate mortgage; the promissory
note and the real estate mortgage were falsified; for failure to pay their obligation despite repeated demands, PLCC filed
a petition for extrajudicial foreclosure with the Office of the Provincial Sheriff of Laguna; and the Sheriff sent a Notice
of Extrajudicial Sale to the Estares spouses.
 Accordingly, the spouses sought to declare as null and void the promissory note and the real estate mortgage for not
reflecting their true agreement. In the interim, they prayed for a temporary restraining order (TRO) and/or writ of
preliminary injunction to enjoin PLCC from taking possession of the mortgaged property and proceeding with the
extrajudicial sale scheduled on July 13, 1999 at 10am.
 Estares spouses amended their complaint to include the Register of Deeds of Laguna-Calamba Branch, the Provincial
Sheriff of Laguna and Sheriff IV Arnel G. Magat as party-defendants.
 On July 12, 1999, the trial court issued a TRO in favor of the Estares spouses.
 PLCC filed its Answer with Counterclaim alleging that the Estares spouses were duly apprised of the terms and
conditions of the loan, including the rate of interest, penalties and other charges. It opposed the prayer for restraining
order on the ground that there is no factual and legal basis for its issuance.
 At the hearing on the Estares spouses’ application for a writ of preliminary injunction, Rosenda P. Estares testified. They
adduced in evidence the promissory note, real estate mortgage, statement of account, petition for extrajudicial foreclosure
and the notice of extrajudicial sale. The Estares spouses then rested their case.
 The trial court denied the Estares spouses’ application for a writ of preliminary injunction, holding that the latter failed
to establish the facts necessary for an injunction to issue.
 The Estares spouses filed a motion for reconsideration. During the hearing on the MR, Eliseo moved that he be allowed
to testify on the circumstances of the loan but the trial court denied it. The trial court deemed it best that he be presented
during the trial on the merits, it also denied their MR.
 On December 7, 1999, the Estares spouses filed a petition for certiorari and prohibition in the Court of Appeals ascribing
grave abuse of discretion upon the trial court which denied their prayer for a writ of preliminary injunction and motion
for reconsideration.
 Court of Appeals issued a Resolution requiring the PLCC to file its comment to the petition. The action on the Estares
spouses’ application for a TRO and writ of preliminary injunction was deferred and held in abeyance until after receipt
of the comment.
 With no restraining order enjoining him, Sheriff Magat conducted an auction sale on with PLCC as highest bidder.
 In its Comment, PLCC claimed that the trial court did not commit grave abuse of discretion in denying the Estares
spouses’ application for a writ of preliminary injunction since the latter failed to prove their right to injunctive relief and
the action sought to be enjoined has been rendered moot by the auction sale conducted on January 5, 2000.
 The Court of Appeals dismissed the petition for lack of merit, holding that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in
denying the Estares spouses’ application for a writ of preliminary injunction since the latter failed to prove the requisites
for the issuance thereof. It also denied the Estares spouses’ motion for reconsideration.
Issue/s
WON the CA erred in not granting a writ of preliminary injunction to prevent respondents PLCC and Provincial Sheriff and
Sheriff Magat from foreclosing the mortgage and conducting the auction sale of petitioners’ property and/or in upholding the
order of RTC Laguna. - NO
Ruling

Generally, injunction is a preservative remedy for the protection of substantive rights or interests. It is not a cause of action in
itself but merely a provisional remedy, an adjunct to a main suit. The controlling reason for the existence of the judicial power to
issue the writ is that the court may thereby prevent a threatened or continuous irremediable injury to some of the parties before
their claims can be thoroughly investigated and advisedly adjudicated. It is to be resorted to only when there is a pressing necessity
to avoid injurious consequences which cannot be remedied under any standard of compensation. The application of the writ rests
upon an alleged existence of an emergency or of a special reason for such an order before the case can be regularly heard, and the
essential conditions for granting such temporary injunctive relief are that the complaint alleges facts which appear to be sufficient
to constitute a cause of action for injunction and that on the entire showing from both sides, it appears, in view of all the
circumstances, that the injunction is reasonably necessary to protect the legal rights of plaintiff pending the litigation.
The Estares spouses had the burden in the trial court to establish the following requirements for them to be entitled to injunctive
relief: (a) the existence of their right to be protected; and (b) that the acts against which the injunction is to be directed are violative
of such right. To be entitled to an injunctive writ, the petitioner must show, inter alia, the existence of a clear and unmistakable
right and an urgent and paramount necessity for the writ to prevent serious damage. Thus, an injunctive remedy may only be
resorted to when there is a pressing necessity to avoid injurious consequences which cannot be remedied under any standard
compensation.

In the present case, the Estares spouses failed to establish their right to injunctive relief. They do not deny that they are indebted
to PLCC but only question the amount thereof. Their property is by their own choice encumbered by a real estate mortgage. Upon
the nonpayment of the loan, which was secured by the mortgage, the mortgaged property is properly subject to a foreclosure sale.

Rosenda’s testimony sealed the fate of the necessity of the writ of preliminary injunction.

It must be stressed that the assessment and evaluation of evidence in the issuance of the writ of preliminary injunction involve
findings of facts ordinarily left to the trial court for its conclusive determination. As such, a trial court’s decision to grant or to
deny injunctive relief will not be set aside on appeal unless the court abused its discretion. In granting or denying injunctive relief,
a court abuses its discretion when it lacks jurisdiction, fails to consider and make a record of the factors relevant to its
determination, relies on clearly erroneous factual findings, considers clearly irrelevant or improper factors, clearly gives too much
weight to one factor, relies on erroneous conclusions of law or equity, or misapplies its factual or legal conclusions.

In the present case, the Estares spouses clearly failed to prove that they have a right protected and that the acts against which the
writ is to be directed are violative of said right. Hence, the Court of Appeals did not commit a grave abuse of its discretion
amounting to excess or lack of jurisdiction in dismissing petitioners’ petition for certiorari.

Without necessarily giving due course to the petition, the Court requires the respondents to file their comment (not motion to
dismiss) within ten (10) days from notice, which may be treated as their Answer should the petition be given due course.
Respondents are likewise ordered to show cause in the same Comment why a temporary restraining order and writ of preliminary
injunction should not be issued. The action of the petitioners’ application for a temporary restraining order and writ of preliminary
injunction is deferred and held in abeyance until after receipt of respondents’ Comment.

It must be remembered that a writ of preliminary injunction is generally based solely on initial and incomplete evidence. The
evidence submitted during the hearing on an application for a writ of preliminary injunction is not conclusive or complete for
only a "sampling" is needed to give the trial court an idea of the justification for the preliminary injunction pending the decision
of the case on the merits.

WHEREFORE, the instant petition for certiorari and prohibition is DISMISSED. The assailed Decision and Resolution of the
Court of Appeals are AFFIRMED in all respects. The temporary restraining order issued by this Court is lifted.
Doctrine Notes