Assignment: Control Charts for Variables – Ch.

̅ and s are to be established on the Brinell hardness of hardened tool steel in

6. Control charts for 𝑿
kilograms per square millimetre. Data for subgroup sizes of 8 are shown below. Determine the trial
̅ and s charts. Assume that the out-of-control points have
central line and control limits for the 𝑿
assignable causes. Calculate the revised limits and central line.

Subgroup ̅
𝑿 s Subgroup ̅
𝑿 s
Number Number

1 540 26 14 551 24

2 534 23 15 522 29

3 545 24 16 579 26

4 561 27 17 549 28

5 576 25 18 508 23

6 523 20 19 569 22

7 571 29 20 574 28

8 547 29 21 563 23

9 584 23 22 561 23

10 552 24 23 548 25

11 541 28 24 556 27

12 545 25 25 553 23

13 546 26
7. Control charts for ̅
𝑿 and s are maintained on the resistance in ohms of an electrical part. The subgroup
size is 6. After 25 subgroups, ∑X = 2046.5 and ∑s = 17.4. If the process is in statistical control, what are
the control limits and central line?

Ans:

∑X = 2046.5, ∑s = 17.4

17.4
𝒔̅ = = 0.696
25
2046.5
̿=
𝑿 = 81.86
25

The control limits and central line:

From Table B the values of the factors A3 = 1.287, B3 = 0.030, and B4 = 1.970 are obtained, and
the trial control limits are
UCL for 𝑋̿ = 81.86 + 1.287(0.696) =82.75
LCL for 𝑋̿ = 81.86 - 1.287(0.696) =80.96
So, the control limits for x-bar are 82.75 and 80.96 respectively.
UCL for 𝑠̅ = 1.970 (0.696) =1.37
LCL for 𝑠̅ = 1.970 (0.030) =0.06

So, the control limits for s are 1.37 and 0.06 respectively.

11. Plastic strips that are used in a sensitive electronic device are manufactured to a maximum
specification of 305.70 mm (approximately 12 in.) and a minimum specification of 304.55 mm. If the
strips are less than the minimum specification, they are scrapped; if they are greater than the maximum
specification, they are reworked. The part dimensions are normally distributed with a population mean
of 305.20 mm and a standard deviation of 0.25 mm. What percentage of the product is scrap? What
percentage is rework? How can the process be cantered to eliminate all but 0.1% of the scrap? What is
the rework percentage now?
Ans:

Maximum specification is upper specific limit, minimum specification is lower specific limit and 𝜇 is
population mean.

Percentage of product of scrap:

𝑳𝑺𝑳− 𝝁
Z=
𝝈

Here, 𝜎 is standard deviation.

304.55− 305.20
Z= = - 2.6
0.25

Value of z = -2.6 from the table is 0.0047.

Area under the curve = 0.47%.

So, percentage of the product of scrap is 0.47%.

Percentage of rework:
𝑈𝑆𝐿− 𝜇
Z=
𝜎

Here, 𝜎 is standard deviation.

305.70− 305.20
Z= =2
0.25

Value of z = 2 from the table is 0.977.

Percentage of rework = 1- 0.977

=0.023%

So, percentage of rework is 0.023%.

The Value of mean population:

Value of mean population if the amount of scrap of 0.1%.

From the table area under the normal curve for 0.001, the value of Z is -3.09 so,
 304.70− 𝜇
-3.09 =
0.25

𝜇 =305.32mm

So, the value of population mean is 305.32 is the amount of scrap is 0.1%.

Percentage of rework is obtained by

𝑈𝑆𝐿− 𝜇
Z=
𝜎

305.70− 305.32
Z= = 1.52
0.25

Value of z = 1.52 from the table is 0.9357.

Percentage of rework = 1- 0.9357

=0.0643

= 6.43%

So, percentage of rework is 6.43%.

15. Determine the process capability of the case-hardening process of Exercise 6.

21. What is the Cpk value for the information in Exercise 19 when the process average is 700, 740, 780,
and 820? Explain.

23. Determine the trial central line and control limits for a moving-average and moving-range chart
using a time period of 3. Data in litres are as follows: 4.56, 4.65, 4.66, 4.34, 4.65, 4.40, 4.50, 4.55, 4.69,
4.29, 4.58, 4.71, 4.61, 4.66, 4.46, 4.70, 4.65, 4.61, 4.54, 4.55, 4.54, 4.54,4.47, 4.64, 4.72, 4.47, 4.66, 4.51,
4.43, and 4.34. Are there any out-of-control points?

27. An X and MR chart is to be maintained on the pH value for the swimming pool water of a leading
motel. One reading is taken each day for 30 days. Data are 7.8, 7.9, 7.7, 7.6, 7.4, 7.2, 6.9, 7.5, 7.8, 7.7,
7.5, 7.8, 8.0, 8.1, 8.0, 7.9, 8.2, 7.3, 7.8, 7.4, 7.2, 7.5, 6.8, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 7.6, 8.0, 7.4, and 7.0. Plot the data
on graph paper, determine the trial central line and limits, and evaluate the variation.
Ans: Data plotted on graph
pH pH
Day pH value Day value Day value
1 7.8 11 7.5 21 7.2
2 7.9 12 7.8 22 7.5
3 7.7 13 8 23 6.8
4 7.6 14 8.1 24 7.3
5 7.4 15 8 25 7.4
6 7.3 16 7.9 26 8.1
7 6.9 17 8.2 27 7.6
8 7.5 18 7.3 28 8
9 7.8 19 7.8 29 7.4
10 7.7 20 7.4 30 7

35
30
25
pH value

20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324252627282930

Days
Day pH value

Trail Central Line and Limits:

𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑋
Central limit for x-bar =
𝑔

227.8
= = 7.6
30

31. The viscosity of a liquid is checked every half-hour during one 3-shift day. Prepare a histogram with
5 cells and the midpoint value of the first cell equal to 29 and evaluate the distribution. Prepare a run
chart and evaluate the distribution again. What does the run chart indicate? Data are 39, 42, 38, 37, 41,
40, 38, 36, 40, 36, 35, 38, 34, 35, 37, 36, 39, 34, 38, 36, 32, 37, 35, 34, 33, 35, 32, 32, 38, 34, 37, 35, 35,
34, 31, 33, 35, 32, 36, 31, 29, 33, 32, 31, 30, 32, 32, and 29.