Chemical Engineering Drawing

Menggambar Teknik Proses

(ENCH600014)

Week I
Even Semester - 2016/2017
Dr. Bambang Heru Susanto
Cindy Dianita, ST. MEng

Chemical Engineering Department-Universitas Indonesia

 RATIONALE
• Basic Competence Subject

 Engineering technicians irrespective of their field of operation in an industry is

expected to possess a thorough understanding of engineering drawing, which
includes clear spatial visualization of objects and the proficiency in identifying
various equipment and devices from their symbols on control panel, to read and
interpret process flow diagram & instrumentation diagram.
 Besides this they are also expected to possess a certain degree of drafting skill-
depending upon their job functions-in day-to-day activities.
 This course of Chemical Engineering Drawing is aimed at developing deeper
understanding of construction and working of some of the important chemical
engineering equipment and valves.
TEACHING AND EXAMINATION SCHEME
Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme
(In Hours) Theory Marks Practical Marks Total Marks
L T P ESE PA ESE PA
4 2 9 20 0 30 50 100
Legends: L-Lecture; T – Tutorial/Teacher Guided Theory Practice; P - Practical; C – Credit;
ESE - End Semester Examination; PA - Progressive Assessment (Task in Class)

Grading and scoring

≥ 85 80-84.9 75-79.9 70-74.9 65-69.9 60-64.9 55-59.9 50-54.9 40 – 49.9 0-40
A A- B+ B B- C+ C C- D E

Code of Conduct
1. No cheating. Cheating will be sanctioned with “E” mark.
2. No sandals
3. No eat
4. Attendance is required min 85%. Why? Knowledge can be transferred through
handout, but “values” can’t be! .. So, please come and we may share good
values in life.
5. There is no substitute task If you missed the class
 SUGGESTED LIST OF
EXERCISES/PRACTICAL/EXPERIMENTS
The exercises/practical/experiments should be properly designed and implemented with an
attempt to develop different types of skills leading to the achievement of the competency.
Following is the list of exercises/practical/experiments for guidance.
No Topics Exercises Week
Introduction :
1. Basic competence subject
2. Roles of an Engineering Drawing
1 Lecturing 1
3. Drawing Tools and Standard
4. Standards : Code, Sheet, orientation
5. Lines and Lettering
2 AUTOCAD Tutorial Tutorial 2
1. Process Equipments
3 BFD Sketching 3
2. Flowsheeting :BFD,PFD,P&ID
4 Task 1 Border, Title Blocks and Letters-Numbers 4
5 Task 2 PFD 5
6 Task 3 PFD/P&ID 6
7 Task 4 (UTS) P&ID 7
8 Isometric Tutrial and Task 5 9
Tutorial 10
9 Plant Layout
Task 6: plant layout using AUTOCAD 11
Tutorial 12
Task 7: 3D modelling for equipment 13
10 3D Modelling dan Piping Routing (PDMS) Task 8: Pipe routing including its 14
components/accessories in surounding of piping
Task 9: 3D model of 1 process equipment based on
15
 MAIN TOPICS
• Standard and Dimensioning
• Flow Sheeting :
– Basic Knowledge on Unit Operations & Instrumentations
– Block Diagram
– PFD
– P&ID
– Piping Isometric
– MTO
• Computer-Aided Drafting & Design (CADD) :
– AutoCAD  min ver. 2008
– MS Visio
– PDMS 12.SP6
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)
P&ID
ISOMETRIC
General Arrangements
(GA using PDMS)
 Roles of an
Engineering Drawing
 Engineering/Process Drawings
• These drawings are used in the chemical process plants to
facilitate operations, maintenance and revamp. The
technical knowledge needed to run the plant should be
contained in the relevant drawings.
• Without the drawings, it would be difficult to explain or
understand the processes that take place in the Process
Industry and it would be even more complicated to try and
make repairs or modifications.

• The purpose of process systems drawings:

– Used by Process personnel to understand or explain a process
– Utilized by Process Technicians to repair equipment and
understand relationships
– Referred by Operating staff to become familiar with the process
in a safe environment
– Provides a Process Technician with visual representation of the
process and equipment
 Objectives
• Simplify
Drawings simplify complicated processes by using symbols to
represent unit operations.

Explain
Drawings illustrate how all the parts or components of a system
work together. A drawing can clearly and quickly show the details of
a system that might otherwise take many written pages to explain.

• Standardize
Drawings standardize information. Each industrial drawing has its
unique symbol that represents a specific component. These
symbols (with some fine changes) are used globally. If Process
personnel are aware of these symbols, this knowledge will allow
them to interpret drawings at any chemical plant .
 WHY?
Performances:
Equipment 1. Safety
Design 2. Environmental Protection
3. Equipments Protection
Operating
4. Smooth Plant Operation &
Conditions
Production Rate
Process 5. Product Quality
Control 6. Profit Optimization
Monitoring & Diagnosis

Engineer PFD and P&ID

Engineering Drawing (Flow Sheeting)
 Simplified Definition

Needs Design Process solutions

1. Write down the problem statement.

2. Generate possible solutions.

3. Evaluate each solution against
the criteria and select the best one.
4. Document the solution.
 Terminology & Common Practices
Engineers: Creative people who use technical means to solve problems.
They design products, systems, devices, and structures to improve our
living conditions.
Technical drawing:
– Definition A graphic using lines and symbols that follows specific
conventions of scale and projection, typically used in architecture,
construction, engineering, or mapping
Architectural/Civil drawing
– Definition A sketch, diagram, plan, or schematic used to design, construct,
and document buildings and other structures.
– The drawings may be used to indicate the overall appearance, inside or
outside the structure, or they may be used to indicate precise measurements
and other details for construction. Drawings, especially those for construction
purposes, may be issued as a set, with different sheets indicating different
types of construction (electrical, mechanical, plumbing).
Chemical Engineering drawing:
– Definition :A schematic representation of a chemical process
system (plant) containing unit or component proses made
according to defined conventions and projected to serve in the
construction or fabrication of the thing depicted.
– Engineering drawings are frequently used to describe public works
projects, such as : refinery, petrochemocal, LNG train etc
Terminology & Common Practices
As-built drawing
• Definition engineering drawings that reflect changes made
during the construction process, recording differences between
the original design and the completed structure.
• As-built drawings are based on design drawings used during
construction, where measured drawings are usually made long
after construction is completed and no design drawings exist

A shop drawing:
• Definition It is a drawing or set of drawings produced by the contractor,
supplier, manufacturer, subcontractor, or fabricator.
• Shop drawings are typically required for pre-fabricated components. Examples
of these include: elevators, structural steel, trusses, pre-cast, windows,
appliances, cabinets, air handling units and millwork.
• Shop drawings are not produced by engineers under their contract with the
owner. The shop drawing is the manufacturer’s or the contractor’s drawn
version of information shown in the construction documents. The shop
drawing normally shows more detail than the construction documents. It is
drawn to explain the fabrication of the items to the manufacturer’s production
crew. The style of the shop drawing is usually very different from that of the
architect’s drawing.
 Graphics Language in
Engineering Design Process
 Basic Knowledge

Graphics Word
language language

Line Geometric
Projection
types construction Lettering
method
GRAPHICS COMMUNICATION
WITH ENGINEERING DRAWING
Object
Orthographic
Projection
Dimensioning

Working
drawing Orthographic
projection
(convention)
No
Clear ? Section Views

Yes Section views

convention
Finish
 FLASH SEPARATION

Vapor
T6 P1
product

Feed T1 T5 P  1000 kPa

T2
Methane T  298 K
Ethane (LK)
Propane
Butane
F1 F4
Pentane T3 L1

F2 F3
Liquid
A1
Process Steam L. Key
product
fluid
Drawing Tools and Standard
 Drawing Tools
Two mechanical pencils:
0.7 and 0.5 mm, or 0.5 and
0.3 mm combinations;
Pencil grades – HB and H,
or F and 2H combinations
One compass
One set of 45- and 30/60-
degree triangles
Two scales (one English
unit and one Metric unit)
One protractor
One good eraser (and if
you can afford, one
erasing shield)
 Drawing Tools (con’t)

The use of drafting tools

 Standards
• Standards are set of rules that govern how
technical drawings are represented.
• Drawing standards are used so that drawings
convey the same meaning to everyone who
reads them.
 Standard Code
Country Code Full name

USA ANSI American National Standard Institute

Japan JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
UK BS British Standard
Australia AS Australian Standard
Germany DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung

ISO International Standards Organization

 Drawing Sheet
A4
Trimmed paper of
a size A0 ~ A4.
A3
Standard sheet size
(JIS) A2

A4 210 x 297
A3 297 x 420 A1
A2 420 x 594
A1 594 x 841
A0 841 x 1189
(Dimensions in millimeters) A0
 Orientation of drawing sheet
1. Type X (A0~A4) 2. Type Y (A4 only)

c
d
d c Drawing
Drawing space
space Title block
Title block

Border
c

lines
Sheet size c (min) d (min)
A4 10 25
A3 10 25
A2 10 25
A1 20 25
A0 20 25
 Drawing Scales
Length, size
Scale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element
of an object shown in the drawing to the real linear
dimension of the same element of the object.

Size in drawing Actual size

:
 Drawing Scales
Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE”
followed by the indication of its ratio, as follow

SCALE 1:1 for full size

SCALE X:1 for enlargement scales (X > 1)
SCALE 1:X for reduction scales (X > 1)

Dimension numbers shown in the drawing are correspond

to “true size” of the object and they are independent of
the scale used in creating that drawing.
 Basic Line Types
Name according
Types of Lines Appearance
to application

Continuous thick line Visible line

Continuous thin line Dimension line

Extension line
Leader line

Dash thick line Hidden line

Chain thin line Center line

NOTE : We will learn other types of line in later chapters.

 Basic Lines Types
• AutoCAD®
Linetypes

ACAD ISO series

lines are very large.
For this class, use
standard line types
starting from
BORDER to
PHANTOM lines.

We will see these line types

in AutoCAD.
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVW
XYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU
VWXYZABCDEF
Lettering
 Text on Drawings
Text on engineering drawing is used :

To communicate nongraphic information.

As a substitute for graphic information, in those
instance where text can communicate the needed
information more clearly and quickly (e.g., title block,
revision block, bill of materials, general notes,
dimensions, etc.)
Thus, it must be written with

Legibility - shape
- space between letters and words

Uniformity - size
- line thickness
Example Placement of the text on drawing
Dimension & Notes

Notes Title Block

 Lettering Standard
ANSI Standard This course
Use a Gothic text style, Use only a vertical Gothic
either inclined or vertical. text style.
Use all capital letters. Use both capital and lower-case
letters.
Use 3 mm for most text height.
Same. For letters in title block it is
Space between lines of text is at recommend to use 5~8 mm text height
least 1/3 of text height.
N/A. Follows ANSI rule
 Lettering (con’t)
Lettering dimensions: Examples of lettering:
 Basic Strokes
Straight Slanted Horizontal Curved

Examples : Application of basic stroke

4 5
“I” letter 1 “A” letter 1 2 “B” letter 1

3 6

3
2
Suggested Strokes Sequence
Upper-case letters & Numerals

Straight line
letters

Curved line
letters

Curved line
letters &
Numerals
Suggested Strokes Sequence
Lower-case letters

The text’ s body height is about 2/3 the height of a capital

letter.
Freehand
Sketching
 Technical Sketching (2.1)
• Technical Sketching is the process of producing a rough,
preliminary drawing representing the main features of a
product
• Generally less finished, structured, or restricted, and less
time for its creation
• Tools include pencil, eraser, and paper (grid or blank)

Means to create
technical drawings

Level of detail
of freehand
technical
drawing
 Straight Line
1. Hold the pencil naturally.

2. Spot the beginning and end points.

3. Swing the pencil back and forth between the points,

barely touching the paper until the direction is clearly
established.

4. Draw the line firmly with a free and easy wrist-and-arm

motion
Horizontal line Vertical line
 Nearly
vertical
inclined
line

Nearly horizontal
inclined line
 Small Circle
Method 1 : Starting with a square
1. Lightly sketching the square and marking the mid-points.

2. Draw light diagonals and mark the estimated radius.

3. Draw the circle through the eight points.

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

 Small Circle
Method 2 : Starting with center line
1. Lightly draw a center line.

2. Add light radial lines and mark the estimated radius.

3. Sketch the full circle.

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

 Large Circle
1. Place the little finger (or pencil’ s tip) at the center as
a pivot, and set the pencil point at the radius-
distance from the center.
2. Hold the hand in this position and rotate the paper.
 Arc
Method 1 : Starting with a square

Method 2 : Starting with a center line

 Steps in Sketching

1. Block in main shape.

2. Locate the features.

3. Sketch arcs and circles.

4. Sketch lines.
Example