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    Softening and Penetration

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    syarifuddin
    The standard penetration test determines the stiffness of bitumen samples by measuring their penetration depth under a controlled load. The test heats bitumen to a specified temperature range, cools it to 25C, then penetrates it with a needle weighted to 100g for 5 seconds. The penetration depth is measured and averaged over multiple trials. The softening point test determines the temperature at which bitumen softens enough for a weighted ball to drop a specified distance. It involves cooling bitumen in rings, then heating the rings in water and noting the temperature when balls placed in the bitumen drop 2.5cm, taking the average of two ball temperatures.

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    Softening and Penetration

    Uploaded by

    syarifuddin
    28 views5 pages
    The standard penetration test determines the stiffness of bitumen samples by measuring their penetration depth under a controlled load. The test heats bitumen to a specified temperature range, cools it to 25C, then penetrates it with a needle weighted to 100g for 5 seconds. The penetration depth is measured and averaged over multiple trials. The softening point test determines the temperature at which bitumen softens enough for a weighted ball to drop a specified distance. It involves cooling bitumen in rings, then heating the rings in water and noting the temperature when balls placed in the bitumen drop 2.5cm, taking the average of two ball temperatures.

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    The standard penetration test determines the stiffness of bitumen samples by measuring their penetration depth under a controlled load. The test heats bitumen to a specified temperature range, cools it to 25C, then penetrates it with a needle weighted to 100g for 5 seconds. The penetration depth is measured and averaged over multiple trials. The softening point test determines the temperature at which bitumen softens enough for a weighted ball to drop a specified distance. It involves cooling bitumen in rings, then heating the rings in water and noting the temperature when balls placed in the bitumen drop 2.5cm, taking the average of two ball temperatures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    28 views5 pages

    Softening and Penetration

    Uploaded by

    syarifuddin
    The standard penetration test determines the stiffness of bitumen samples by measuring their penetration depth under a controlled load. The test heats bitumen to a specified temperature range, cools it to 25C, then penetrates it with a needle weighted to 100g for 5 seconds. The penetration depth is measured and averaged over multiple trials. The softening point test determines the temperature at which bitumen softens enough for a weighted ball to drop a specified distance. It involves cooling bitumen in rings, then heating the rings in water and noting the temperature when balls placed in the bitumen drop 2.5cm, taking the average of two ball temperatures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    TITLE OF TEST: STANDARD PENETRATION TEST

    OBJECTIVE : To determine the bitumen’s stiffness

    APPARATUS :

    1. Penetrometer
    2. Thermometer
    3. Ice
    4. Sample container

    WORK PROCEDURES:

    1. Heat the bituminous material in a special container with temperature range


    from 75 to 100 so that the bitumen is soft.
    2. Stir bitumen evenly to avoid non-uniform heating
    3. Pour the hot bitumen into the cylinder until the container is almost full (height
    not less than 15 mm)
    4. Sample of bitumen is cooled by ice until the temperature of the bitumen is
    reduced . Later, the bitumen is placed in a container of ice , temperature is
    controlled so that it is fixed at a level of 25ºC
    5. Sample of bitumen and a little water that covered the surface of bitumen is
    transferred to the penetration test tool
    6. Position the needle by slowly lowering until its tip just makes contact with the
    surface of the sample.
    7. Bring the pointer of penetrometer to zero. Release the needle with 100g load
    (heavy weights) so it will dip into the bitumen for 5 seconds
    8. Determine the depth of bitumen’s penetration by taking the dial reading before
    and after a needle dip into the bitumen
    9. These tests should be performed on each sample of bitumen at least three
    times. The distance between each point and the edge of the determination of
    reference shall be not less than 10 mm. Clean the penetration needle when
    every times running the test. The average depth of penetration can be
    calculated to determine the hardness of the sample of bitumen.
    10. This test can be repeated for other mould. At least for 5 (five) mould.
    11. Record all values obtained by taking the average (to the nearest whole
    number) for all reading and all of the minimum and maximum readings cannot
    more than 4.

    Penetration 0 – 49 50 – 149 150 – 250 and


    249 above
    The maximum difference
    between the highest and 2 4 6 8
    lowest penetration

    RESULT:

    EXPERIMENT PENETRATION AVERAGE

    1 2 3 4

    Table: Penetration value Obtained

    Discussion

    Conclusion
    TITLE:SOFTENING POINT TEST

    Objective: To determine the softening temperature for bituminous material.

    Apparatus

    1. Steel balls

    2. Beakers

    3. Rings

    4. Ring holder

    5. Thermometer

    Procedure

    1. Pour hot bitumen into set of rings and place both rings on its holder .Put one
    thermometer in the middle of the ring holder.
    2. Then place all the equipment into a beaker filled with water which was cooled
    at 5℃ .Maintain this temperature for 15 minutes.
    3. Using forceps place one steel ball(9.53mm diameter)in each ball- centering
    guide of bitumen sample.
    4. Heat water in a beaker and stir gently. Note the increase in temperature and
    the behavior of the two balls when bitumen began to soften .Indicate the
    temperature at every ball that dropped from the starting to the level of the plate
    at a distance of 2.5cm.
    5. Take two temperatures readings when both the ball first touches the deepest
    parts of the plate at the height of 2.5 cm from the starting point of the ball was
    dropped and calculate the average temperature to the nearest 0.2℃.
    6. If the temperature difference between the two balls more than 1℃,this test
    should be performed again

    Result

    Test No Ball 1 Ball 2 Average

    The temperature 43℃ 42℃ 42.5℃


    Table 1: Requirements for 60/70 penetration grade bitumen (PWD 1992)

    Table 2: Requirement for Penetration Grade Bitumen


    Figure:Graph softening point temperature vs penetration

    Discussion

    Conclusion

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