High-quality CPR improves survival chances and includes starting compressions within 10 seconds of cardiac arrest, compressing at 100-120/min to at least 2 inches deep for adults and allowing full chest recoil between compressions while minimizing interruptions of less than 10 seconds.
High-quality CPR improves survival chances and includes starting compressions within 10 seconds of cardiac arrest, compressing at 100-120/min to at least 2 inches deep for adults and allowing full chest recoil between compressions while minimizing interruptions of less than 10 seconds.
High-quality CPR improves survival chances and includes starting compressions within 10 seconds of cardiac arrest, compressing at 100-120/min to at least 2 inches deep for adults and allowing full chest recoil between compressions while minimizing interruptions of less than 10 seconds.
High-quality CPR improves survival chances and includes starting compressions within 10 seconds of cardiac arrest, compressing at 100-120/min to at least 2 inches deep for adults and allowing full chest recoil between compressions while minimizing interruptions of less than 10 seconds.
High-quality CPR improves a victim’s chances of survival. The critical
characteristics of high-quality CPR include the following: • Start compressions within 10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest. • Push hard, push fast: Compress at a rate of 100 to 120/min with a depth of – At least 2 inches (5 cm) for adults – At least one third the depth of the chest, about 2 inches (5 cm), for children – At least one third the depth of the chest, about 1½ inches (4 cm), for infants • Allow complete chest recoil after each compression. • Minimize interruptions in compressions (try to limit interruptions to less than 10 seconds). • Give effective breaths that make the chest rise. • Avoid excessive ventilation.
Victim is unresponsive. Shout for nearby help. Provide rescue breathing: Activate emergency response system 1 breath every via mobile device (if appropriate). 5-6 seconds, or about Get AED and emergency equipment 10-12 breaths/min. (or send someone to do so). • Activate emergency response system (if not already done) Normal No normal after 2 minutes. breathing, breathing, • Continue rescue has pulse has pulse breathing; check pulse Look for no breathing about every 2 minutes. Monitor or only gasping and check If no pulse, begin CPR until pulse (simultaneously). (go to “CPR” box). emergency Is pulse definitely felt • If possible opioid responders within 10 seconds? overdose, administer arrive. naloxone if available per protocol. No breathing or only gasping, no pulse By this time in all scenarios, emergency response system or backup is activated, and AED and emergency equipment are retrieved or someone is retrieving them.
CPR Begin cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths. Use AED as soon as it is available.
AED arrives.
Check rhythm. Yes, Shockable rhythm? No, shockable nonshockable
Give 1 shock. Resume CPR Resume CPR immediately for about
immediately for about 2 minutes 2 minutes (until prompted by AED (until prompted by AED to allow to allow rhythm check). rhythm check). Continue until ALS providers take Continue until ALS providers take over or victim starts to move. over or victim starts to move. Summary of High-Quality CPR Components
Children Infants Adults and Component (Age 1 Year to (Age Less Than 1 Year, Adolescents Puberty) Excluding Newborns)
Scene safety Make sure the environment is safe for rescuers and victim Recognition of Check for responsiveness cardiac arrest No breathing or only gasping (ie, no normal breathing) No definite pulse felt within 10 seconds (Breathing and pulse check can be performed simultaneously in less than 10 seconds) Activation of If you are alone Witnessed collapse emergency with no mobile Follow steps for adults and adolescents response system phone, leave the on the left victim to activate the Unwitnessed collapse emergency response Give 2 minutes of CPR system and get the AED before Leave the victim to activate the emergency beginning CPR response system and get the AED Otherwise, send Return to the child or infant and resume CPR; someone and begin use the AED as soon as it is available CPR immediately; use the AED as soon as it is available Compression- 1 or 2 rescuers 1 rescuer ventilation 30:2 30:2 ratio without 2 or more rescuers advanced airway 15:2 Compression- Continuous compressions at a rate of 100-120/min ventilation Give 1 breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths/min) ratio with advanced airway Compression rate 100-120/min
Compression depth At least 2 inches At least one third AP At least one third AP (5 cm)* diameter of chest diameter of chest About 2 inches (5 cm) About 1½ inches (4 cm) Hand placement 2 hands on the 2 hands or 1 hand 1 rescuer lower half of the (optional for very 2 fingers in the center breastbone (sternum) small child) on the of the chest, just below lower half of the the nipple line breastbone (sternum) 2 or more rescuers 2 thumb–encircling hands in the center of the chest, just below the nipple line Chest recoil Allow full recoil of chest after each compression; do not lean on the chest after each compression Minimizing Limit interruptions in chest compressions to less than 10 seconds interruptions
*Compression depth should be no more than 2.4 inches (6 cm).
Abbreviations: AED, automated external defibrillator; AP, anteroposterior; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation. BLS Healthcare Provider Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Algorithm for the Single Rescuer—2015 Update
Verify scene safety. Provide rescue
breathing: 1 breath every Victim is unresponsive. 3-5 seconds, or about Shout for nearby help. 12-20 breaths/min. Activate emergency response system • Add compressions via mobile device (if appropriate). if pulse remains ≤60/min with signs Normal No normal of poor perfusion.* breathing, breathing, • Activate emergency has pulse has pulse response system Look for no breathing (if not already done) or only gasping and check after 2 minutes. pulse (simultaneously). • Continue rescue Is pulse definitely felt breathing; check within 10 seconds? pulse about every Activate No breathing 2 minutes. If no emergency or only gasping, pulse, begin CPR response no pulse (go to “CPR” box). system (if not already Witnessed sudden Yes done). Return collapse? Activate emergency to victim and response system monitor until No (if not already emergency done), and retrieve responders CPR AED/defibrillator. arrive. 1 rescuer: Begin cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths. (Use 15:2 ratio if second rescuer arrives.) Use AED as soon as it is available.
After about 2 minutes, if still alone, activate emergency
response system and retrieve AED (if not already done).
AED analyzes rhythm.
Yes, Shockable rhythm? No, shockable nonshockable
Give 1 shock. Resume CPR Resume CPR immediately for
immediately for about 2 minutes about 2 minutes (until prompted (until prompted by AED to allow by AED to allow rhythm check). rhythm check). Continue until ALS providers take Continue until ALS providers take over or victim starts to move. over or victim starts to move.
*Signs of poor perfusion may include cool extremities, decrease in responsiveness,
weak pulses, paleness, mottling (patchy skin appearance), and cyanosis (turning blue). BLS Healthcare Provider Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Algorithm for 2 or More Rescuers—2015 Update
Verify scene safety.
Victim is unresponsive. Shout for nearby help. First rescuer remains with victim. Provide rescue Second rescuer activates emergency breathing: response system and retrieves AED 1 breath every and emergency equipment. 3-5 seconds, or about 12-20 breaths/min. • Add compressions Normal No normal if pulse remains breathing, breathing, ≤60/min with signs has pulse has pulse of poor perfusion.* Look for no breathing or only gasping and check • Activate emergency pulse (simultaneously). response system Is pulse definitely felt (if not already done) within 10 seconds? after 2 minutes. • Continue rescue Monitor until breathing; check emergency pulse about every responders No breathing 2 minutes. If no arrive. or only gasping, pulse, begin CPR no pulse (go to “CPR” box).
CPR First rescuer begins CPR with 30:2 ratio (compressions to breaths). When second rescuer returns, use 15:2 ratio (compressions to breaths). Use AED as soon as it is available.
AED analyzes rhythm.
Shockable rhythm? Yes, No, shockable nonshockable
Give 1 shock. Resume CPR Resume CPR immediately for
immediately for about 2 minutes about 2 minutes (until prompted (until prompted by AED to allow by AED to allow rhythm check). rhythm check). Continue until ALS providers take Continue until ALS providers take over or victim starts to move. over or victim starts to move.
*Signs of poor perfusion may include cool extremities, decrease in responsiveness,
weak pulses, paleness, mottling (patchy skin appearance), and cyanosis (turning blue). Relief of Foreign-Body Airway Obstruction
Adults and Infants
Children (Age Less Than Adolescents (Age 1 Year to Puberty) 1 Year)
1. Ask “Are you 1. Ask “Are you 1. If the victim cannot choking?” choking?” make any sounds or If the victim nods If the victim nods breathe, severe airway “yes” and cannot “yes” and cannot obstruction is present. talk, severe airway talk, severe airway obstruction is present. obstruction is present. Take steps Take steps immediately to relieve immediately to relieve the obstruction. the obstruction. 2. Give abdominal 2. Give abdominal 2. Give up to 5 back thrusts/Heimlich thrusts/Heimlich slaps and up to 5 maneuver or chest maneuver. chest thrusts. thrusts for pregnant or obese victims. 3. Repeat abdominal 3. Repeat abdominal 3. Repeat step 2 until thrusts (or chest thrusts until effective effective or the thrusts if the victim or the victim becomes victim becomes is pregnant or obese) unresponsive. unresponsive. until effective or the victim becomes unresponsive.
Victim becomes unresponsive
4. Activate the emergency response system via mobile device (if appropriate) or send someone to do so. After about 2 minutes of CPR, if you are alone with no mobile device, leave the victim to activate the emergency response system (if no one has already done so). 5. Lower the victim to the floor. Begin CPR, starting with chest compressions. Do not check for a pulse. 6. Before you deliver breaths, look into the mouth. If you see a foreign body that can be easily removed, remove it. 7. Continue CPR until advanced providers arrive.
What Is The Rate For Performing Chest Compressions For A Victim of Any Age A-30 Compressions Per Minute B - 50 Compressions Per Minute C - 80 Compressions Per Minute
What Is The Rate For Performing Chest Compressions For A Victim of Any Age A-30 Compressions Per Minute B - 50 Compressions Per Minute C - 80 Compressions Per Minute
