PH HISTORY REVIEWER Other Europeans searched for new trade routes to Asia.

MAGELLAN’S VOYAGE This led to new discovery of territories previously

unknown to Europeans.
It all started when Crusade took place
Rise of Spain
Europeans gained product that weren’t available in
their home country. Marriage of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen
Isabella
Porcelain, fabrics, carpets, spices, etc.
Battle of Granada: Victory of Catholic Monarchs over
Spices - most expensive and in-demand commodity due
the Moors
to numerous uses: food preservation, flavor
enhancement, medicine. They started exploring economic options outside the
Iberian Peninsula.
Merchants wanted to monopolize their supply and
distribution in the European market. They aspired to have a fair share of spice trade.

Trade Routes to Europe: They started financing voyages.

Another route: Christopher Columbus and his transatlantic voyage

Arabian- Italian Ferdinand Magellan and his voyage of going to the East
by sailing westward
Trade Route
Magellan-Elcano Expedition
Silk Road
It left the port of Sanlucar de Barrameda on August 20,
Both routes were expensive and often disrupted by
1519 with around 270 nationalities.
wars, natural calamities and bandits.
It was the first voyage around the world in the human
Ottoman Empire of Constantinople cut trades with
history.
China resulting in closing the routes.
Its objective was to find a new maritime path that
Europeans were forced to explore the oceans for other
would not violate Spain’s treaty with Portugal.
routes that would lead them to the Spice Islands.
Spain & Portugal
New Route Discovery
Inter Caetera - bull written by Pope Alexander VI
Prince Henry the Navigator put up a maritime school to
train sailors that later discovered an eastern sea route All lands west and south of a meridian line 100 leagues
to the Spice Islands and other islands in Southeast Asia west of the Azores and Cape Verde islands rightfully
via Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean. belonged to Spain.

Monarchs got envious to Portugal because of the Treaty of Tordesillas - it settled the conflicts over the
benefits they gain. ownership lands.

Prince Henry the Navigator - (son of King John I) Spain on the west and Portugal on the East.

He was not an explorer himself. Armada de Molucca

He encouraged navigations and sponsored many Also known as “Magellan’s fleet”

expeditions.
5 ships: Santiago, San Antonio, Concepcion, Trinidad,
Early expeditions were focused on the west coast of Victoria.
Africa.
Upon arrival, their stay in the Philippines was marked
Portuguese explorers made their way farther and with hospitality and cordial exchange of goods.
farther South.
Some were converted to Christianity.
Magellan’s Fleet left the Port of Sanlucar de Pigafetta’s Account
Barrameda
• The longest and most comprehensive.
(August 20,1519) • It includes maps, glossaries and native words,
geographic information, etc.
Lapu-Lapu - chieftain of Mactan refused to trade with
• It helped immensely to the enrichment of
the Spaniards.
Philippine historiography.
It sparked a war - Battle of Mactan. • Information was given by Magellan’s slave/
interpreter, Enrique de Malacca.
The Spaniards lost and Magellan was killed.
• Gave us an eyewitness account on the death of
Trinidad and Victoria were the only ships who managed Magellan in the Battle of Mactan.
to reach Spice Islands.
Excerpt from Magellan’s Voyage around the World
Victoria was the only ship who managed to go back in
March 16, 1521
Spain.
• “We came upon an island named Zamal”
Antonio Pigafetta - (1491-c.1594)
March 17, 1521
• He was a young man possessing an avid
curiosity around the world. • “Captain-general desired to land on another
• He became acquainted with the lucrative spice island which was uninhabited”
trade and heard the news about the voyage of
Ferdinand Magellan. March 18, 1521
• Owned a handwritten account on what • “We saw a boat coming toward us with 9 men
happened during the expedition. It was from in it”.
the time they left Seville until they went back • Magellan realized that they were reasonable, so
three years after to Spain. he welcomed them
• He was told to write a formal account on the • Pigafetta detailed his amazement and
expedition of Ferdinand Magellan so he fascination to the palm tree
submitted a draft to Pope Clement VII, Philippe • “Those people became very familiar with us.
de Villiers L’Isle - Adam and Louis of Savoy We took great pleasure with them, for they
hoping they would help in financing the were very pleasant and conversable”
publication. • The ship went to Humunu island and there they
The book was not published because he was not able to found what they referred to as the “Watering-
find a financier. place of good signs”
• They named the island together as “The
The interest on Magellan’s expedition had died down. Archipelago of St. Lazarus”
However, a condensed version of his manuscript was March 22, 1521
published in Venice by Jacques Fabre.
• “Those men came as they had promised us”
The original manuscript did not survive time. Only • They exhibited great signs of pleasure at seeing
copies of manuscript were handed down and the three us
of them were in French and two are kept in
Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris. March 23, 1521 (Holy Friday)

James Alexander Robertson made his own English • Pigafetta recounted that the leader whom he
version of the Ambrosian copy in 1819. referred to as the king became closely bonded
with Magellan
It appeared in The Philippine Island opus (Volume 33) as
• Magellan was introduced to the king’s brother
well as in a separate edition.
who was also a king of another island
 • The king was named Raia Colambu (King of April 7, 1521
Butuan and Calagan) and the first king was
• Magellan and his men reached Zubu (Cebu)
named Raia Siani
• “The sails were lowered and arranged as if for a
March 31, 1521 (Easter Sunday) battle, and the artillery was fired”
• People were frightened, but the interpreter told
• “Captain-general sent the priest with some men
them that it was their custom
to prepare the place where the mass was to be
• “The king told him that he was welcome, but it
said; together with the interpreter to tell the
was their custom for all ships that entered their
king that we were not going to land in order to
ports to pay tribute”
dine with, but to say mass”
• Magellan refused
• “Therefore, the king sent us two swine that he
• The king Zubu negotiated with him and said that
had had killed”
he will give him the answer the following day
• “The kings went forward to kiss the cross as we
did, but made no offerings. When the body of April 8, 1521
our Lord was elevated, they remained on their
knees and worshipped Him with clasped hands” • “The king, accompanied by his chiefs, came to
• “Then he (they) had a cross carried in and the the open square where he had our men sit
nails and a crown, to which immediate down near him”
reverence was made” • “If the captain wished to be his friend, he
• “They were the standards given to him (captain- should send him a drop of blood from his right
general) by the emperor his sovereign” arm, and he himself would do the same as a
sign of the most sincere friendship”
• “He wished to set it up in that place for their
benefit, for whenever any of our ships came, • On Wednesday morning, one of Magellan’s man
they would know that we had been there” died. Pigafetta together with the interpreter
asked the king if where they should bury the
• “If any of their men were captured, they would
deceased.
be set free immediately”
• Spaniards wanted the land to be holy. They set
• “Captain-general had him asked to declare
up a cross as a symbol. It is now called
whether he had enemies, so that he go with his
“Magellan’s cross”
ships to destroy them and to render them
obedient to him” • They carried goods from trading ashore.
• “On asking which port was best to get food, • “Those people live in accordance with justice,
they (kings) replied that there were three, and have weights and measures. They have
namely, Ceylon (Leyte), Zubu (Cebu), and love, peace, ease and quiet”
Calaghann (Calagan), but that Zubu was the Talaro - is a kind of balance scale used by the Filipinos
largest and the one with most trade” when weighing goods.
• “They offered of their own accord to give us
pilots to show us the way” Subin - pipes that were used in playing
• They had to pass through an island called Swine, goats and fowls were found under their houses.
Mazava and described the people there. They
remained there for seven days. Large sea snails (corniolli) were found in their houses.
• “Those people were heathens, and go naked Laghan - shellfish
and painted. They wear a piece of cloth woven
from a tree about their privies. They are heavy Then the Spaniards showed them their shop full of their
drinkers” merchandise.

Metals, iron, and other large goods = GOLD

Smaller good = RICE, SWINE, GOATS, OTHER FOOD

XIIII Libras or 14 pounds of iron = 10 pcs of gold (one CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOG
piece being worth about one and one-half ducados)
1st Century of Spanish Rule – Colonial Government had
The Captain - general didn’t wish to take too much gold. a hard time in running politics because of limited
number of Spaniards who wanted to live outside
• The captain told the king that he will return to
Intramuros.
Spagnia, but he would return again with so
many forces and make the king the greatest of They forced Filipinos to be gobernadorcillo.
their region.
Friars performed administrative duties that colonial
• The captain told them that if they wished to be
officials should do, such as:
Christians, they need to burn all their idols and
set up a cross in their place. • Supervising election of local executives
• Five hundred men were baptized before the
• Collecting Taxes
mass.
• After mass they invited the chiefs to mass, but • Educating the Youth
they refused.
Friars became an influential figure in the pueblo
• After dinner the priest baptized the queen, who
came with forty women. Friars reports to their superiors with what is happening
• The queen was named Johanna, after the to their areas. Report contains the following:
emperor’s mother.
• Number of natives they converted
• They baptized 800 souls consisting of men,
women and children. • People’s way of life
• The queen was entirely covered with a white
and black cloth. • Socio-economic situations
• Many trombs of fire and mortars were • Problems they encounter
discharged in which they were mostly delighted.
The king and the captain called one another Plasencia’s de las Costumbres de Los Tagalogs
brothers. (Customs of the Tagalogs, 1589) – considered as
• The king’s name is Rajah Humabon. primary source
• Moros was hard to convince than the heathens. Contained:
• A miracle happened when a sick man was
healed by Christ. • Information that historians use in reconstructing
socio-cultural history of the Tagalog region.
Villages and their chiefs who rendered obedience to
Magellan: Other Friars & Colonials Officials who wrote about the
Filipinos during the early part of the Spanish period:
• Cinghapola (chiefs: Cilaton, Ciguibucan,
Cimaningha, Cimatichat, and Cicanbul) • Miguel de Loarca, an encomendero of Panay -
Relacion de las Islas Filipinas in 1582 and he described
• Mandaui (chief: Tapan)
the Filipinos’ way of life in the Western Visayas area.
• Cilumai
• Lubucan • Lieutenant Governor Antonio de Morga – Sucesos de
las Islas Filipinas. It provides information about the the
Near the island of Zubu is the island called
Philippine’s state during the latter part of the 16th
Matan/Mactan, their chief is Zula and Cilapulapu
century.
(Lapu-Lapu)
Spanish missionaries who continued historiographical
tradition:

• Fr. Pedro Chirino S.J. (Relacion de las Islas Filipinas,

1604)

• Fr. Juan Delgado S.J. (Historia General, 1751)

• Fr. Francisco Colin S.J. (Labor Evangelica, 1663) • They had laws by which they condemned to
death a man of low birth who insulted the
• Fr. Francisco Ignacio Alcina S.J (Historia natural del
daughter or wife of chief; likewise witches of
sitio, fertilidad y calidad de las Islas e Indios de Bisayas,
the same class.
1668)
• Dowries are given by the men to the women’s
Author - Fray Juan de Plasencia (Joan de Portocarrero) parents
• It should be noticed that unmarried women can
Member of the Franciscan order with the first batch of
own no property, in land or dowry for the result
missionaries to the Philippines in 1578.
of all their labors accrues to their parents
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs • In the case of a divorce before the birth of the
children, if the wife left the husband for the
Datos – people’s chiefs and their captains in their wars.
purpose of marrying another, all her dowry and
If you disobey them or speak against their wives and
an equal additional amount fell to the husband;
children, you’ll be severely punished.
but if she left him, and did not marry another,
Chiefs ruled only a few people, a hundred houses the dowry was returned.
sometimes even thirty. • The fine was heaviest if, upon the death of the
parents, the son or daughter should be
Barangay – tribal gathering unwilling to marry because it had been
Three castes: nobles, commoners and slaves arranged by his or her parents.
• But if the parents were living, they paid the fine,
Nobles – freeborn whom they call maharlica. They do because it was assumed that it had been their
not pay tax or tribute to the dato but must accompany design to separate the children.
him at their own expense.
II. Worship of the Tagalogs
Aliping Namamahay – Commoners. They are married
and they serve their master whether he is a dato or not, There are no temples for sacrifices, the adoration of
with half of their cultivated lands, as was agreed upon in their idols, or the general practice of idolatry.
the beginning. Simbahan - temple or place of adoration; but it is
Aliping sa guguilir – Slaves. They serve their master in because, formerly, when they wished to celebrate a
his house and on his cultivated lands, and may be sold. festival, which they called pandot or “worship”, they
celebrated it in a large house of a chief.
Difference of aliping namamahay and aliping guguilir
should be noted because confusion of the two terms Bathala – “all powerful”, or “maker of all things.”
are the cause of classifying slaves who really are not
• Sun - which, on account of its beauty, is almost
slaves.
universally respected and honored by the
• In the three classes, those who are maharlicas heathens.
on both father’s and mother’s side continue to • Moon - when it’s new at which time they had
be so forever; and if it they become slaves, it is great rejoicings, adoring it and bidding it
through marriage. welcome.
• If two persons married, one maharlica and the • Stars – they also adored the stars and the
other a slave, whether namamahay or sa exception of the morning star is called Tala.
guguilir, the children were divided.
“Seven little goats” (The Pleiades)- Mapolon; and
• Of these two kinds of slaves, sa guguilir could be Balatic, which is our Greater Bear.
sold but not the namamahay and their children
nor could they be transferred. Dian Masalanta - patron of lovers and of generation.
• The maharlicas could not, after marriage, move
Lacapati and Idianale – patrons of the cultivated lands
from one village to another, or from one
and of husbandry. T
barangay to another, without paying a certain
fine in gold, as arranged among them.
They paid reverence to water-lizards called by them 9.) Mangangayoma – Class of witches. They made
buaya or crocodiles, for fear of being burned by them. charms for lovers out of herbs, stones and
wood, which would infuse the heart with love.
These natives had no established division of years,
10.) Sonat - “preacher”. It was his office to help one
months, and days; these are determined by the
die, at which time he predicted the salvation or
cultivation of soil, counted by moons, and the different
condemnation of the soul.
effect produced upon the trees when yielding flowers,
11.) Pangatahojan - sotthsayer, and predicted the
fruits, and leaves: all this helps them in making up a
future. This office was general in the islands.
year.
12.) Bayoguin - “cotquean”, a man whose nature
Praise it in poetics songs sung by the officiating priest, inclined toward that of a woman.
male or female, who is called catolonan. • The deceased was buried beside his house; and,
if he were a chief, he was placed beneath a little
The devil was sometimes liable to enter into the body of
house or porch which they constructed for his
the catalonan, and assuming, her shape and
purpose.
appearance, filled her with so great arrogance
• If the deceased had been a warrior, a living
Buyos – which is a small fruit wrapped in a leaf with slave was tied beneath his body until in this
some lime, a food generally eaten in these regions-as way he died.
well as fried food and fruits. • Life of rest which they called maca, just as if we
should say “paradise,” or, in other words,
The distinctions made among the priests of the devil “village of rest.” Those who go to this place are
were as follows: the just, and the valiant, and those who lived
1.) Catolonan – Officiating priest (either a man or without doing harm, or who possessed moral
woman). virtues.
2.) Mangangagauay – witches who deceived by • There were also other pagans who confessed
pretending to heal the sick. more clearly to a hell, which they called, as I
3.) Manyisalat - the same as mangagauay. The have said, casanaan; they said that all the
priests had the power of applying such wicked went to that place, and there dwelt the
remedies to lovers that they would abandon demons, whom they called sitan.
and despise their own wives, and in fact could • Ghosts, which they called vibit; phantoms,
prevent them from having intercourse with the which they called tigbalaang
latter. • If any woman died in childbirth, she and the
4.) Mancocolam - whose duty it was to emit fire child suffered punishment; and that, at night,
from himself at night, once or oftener each she could be heard lamenting. This is called
month. patianac.
5.) Hocloban - another kind of witch, of greater
PROCLAMATION OF PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE
efficacy, than the mangangauay. Without use of
medicine, and by simply saluting or raising the • The first phase of the Philippine Revolution ended
hand, they killed whom they chose. in a stalemate between the Spaniards and the
6.) Silagan - if they saw anyone clothed in white, Filipino Rebels.
to tear out his liver and eat it, thus causing his
• In December 1897, a truce was declared between
death.
the two forces with the Filipino leaders, led by Gen.
7.) Magtatangal - show himself at night to many
Emilio Aguinaldo, agreeing to be exiled in Hong
persons, without his head or entrails.
Kong while the Spaniards paid an indemnity for the
8.) Osuang - “sorcerer;” they say that they have
damages, caused as a result in the conflict.
seen him fly, and the he murdered men and ate
their flesh. These are among the Visayas • Even before in the Battle of Manila in 1898,
Islands. Aguinaldo had already been meeting with the
Americans in Singapore. He talked with consul E.
Spencer Pratt regarding US-Filipino Collaboration
against the Spaniards before he went back to Hong • Elections for a pamahalaang panghihimagsik were
Kong to meet up with Commodore George Dewey, held in Barrio Tejeros, San Francisco de Malabon
Commander of the Asiatic Fleet. (Now General Trias) on March 22, 1897.

• Aguinaldo remained in Hongkong and met with • Aguinaldo was elected President with
the American Consul General Rounseville Wildman.
O Mariano Trias as Vice President
• On May 19, 1898, Aguinaldo finally returned to
O Artemio Ricarte (Captain-General)
the Philippines on board the U.S cruiser McCulloch
O Emiliano Riego de Dios (Director of War)
• From his headquarters in Cavite, Aguinaldo
announced the resumption of the revolution against O Andres Bonifacio (Director of Interiors)
the Spaniards, thus beginning the second phase of
revolution. • Bonifacio tried to put up his own Government
with an armed group, he was arrested and founded
• The Filipinos immediately flocked to the province guilty. So he was executed with his brother
to join the army. By the End of May, Aguinaldo was Procopio on May 10, 1897.
in command of an Army of 12,000 troops.
• The Internal dissent caused by Bonifacio’s death
• On May 28, The Filipino forces won their first weakened the Katipunan further.
victory in Alapan Imus.
• The Spanish troops regained Cavite and Aguinaldo
• On May 24, Aguinaldo announced the creation of was forced to retreat to the mountains of Biak na
Dictatorial Government. Bato.
• June 12, 1898 Aguinaldo declared Philippine • In exchange for an indemnity, amnesty and
independence from Spanish rule. colonial reform, Aguinaldo and his officers wento
into exile in Hongkong in December 1897 SPANISH
• Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista read the declaration
AMERICAN WAR 1898
that was later signed by 177 persons including an
American Military Officer. • Americans won the Battle of Manila bay in 1898
• The Philippine National anthem is known then as • Declaration of Philippine Independence – June 12,
“Marcha Nacional Filipina” composed by Julian 1898
Felipe
• Birth of the Philippine Republic – Pres. Aguinaldo
Author - Emilio Aguinaldo – Jan. 1899
• Born March 22, 1869 in Kawit Cavite THE ACT OF PROCLAMATION OF INDEPENDENCE
OF FILIPINO PEOPLE
• The Aguinaldo’s were a wealthy and influential
family in Cavite. • In the town of Cavite- Viejo, Province of Cavite,
12th day of June 1898
• Became a Capitan Municipal of Kawit in 1894
• WAR COUNSELOR, AND SPECIAL DELEGATE
• Month later Joined Katipunan choosing the name
DESIGNATED TO PROCLAIM AND SOLEMNIZE THIS
Magdalo
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE BY THE
• 1896, The Katipunan succeeded in driving away DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES
the Spaniards from the province
• THE PEOPLE OF THIS COUNTRY ARE ALREADY
• Soo Aguinaldo was forced to settle the conflict in TIRED OF BEARING THE OMINOUS YOKE OF
Supremo Bonifacio. SPANISH DOMINATION

• HAD RESOLVED TO START A REVOLUTION IN

AUGUST 1896 IN ORDER TO REGAIN THE
INDEPENDENCE AND SOVEREIGNTY OF WHICH THE
PEOPLE HAD BEEN DEPRIVED BY SPAIN THROUGH Benigno Aquino of the Philippines was a leading
GOVERNOR MIGUEL LOPES DE LEGASPI opponent of the rule of President Ferdinand Marcos
and the husband of Ex-President Coy Aquino.
• They have ceased to have any allegiance to the
crown of spain; that all political ties between them Aquino's opposition ended in August 1983 when,
are and should be completely severed and annulled. after living in the United States for three years, he
returned to the Philippine capital of Manila and was
• War and Peace, conlude commercial treaties,
assassinated (killed) at the airport. Aquino's death
enter into alliances, regulate commerce, and do all
touched off massive demonstrations
other acts and things.
against President Marcos.
• Whom we revere as the supreme head of this
Maria Corazon “Cory” Cojuangco Aquino
nation, which today begins to have a life of its own,
in the conviction that he has been the instrument Born on January 25, 1933 to a wealthy and
chosen by God. politically prominent family in Tarlac.

• Machiavellian ends, trampling upon the Pental Graduated from Mount St. Vincent College in New
Code of these Isalnds, and those suspected persons York City in 1954
arrested by the Chiefs of Detachments at the
Married to Benigno “Ninoy Aquino” Jr.
investigation of the friars.
A mother of five children while his husband’s
• Doctor Don Jose Burgos, Don Mariano Gomez, and
career as a prominent opposition politician during
Don Jacinto Zamora.
the Marcos administration.
• At the Fort of San Felipe in Cavite on the night of
Martial Law – 1971
January 21, 1872 was instigated by those Filipino
martyrs. • Marcos declared martial law in the form of
Proclamation 1081 over the entire country
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs to which they are sent
on September 21, 1972, using the activity of
last month of last year for the issuance of the
leftist student groups and insurgent groups
proper Royal Decree.
such as the New People's Army (NPA), anti-
• The unequalled heroism of its inhabitants fought a Vietnam-War demonstrations and a series
one- sided battle againts superior forces of general of bomb explosions in downtown Manila as
blanco and general polavieja for a period of three an excuse.
months, without proper arms nor ammunitions, • He dissolved Congress; suspended rights of
except bolos, pointed bamboos, and arrow. habeas corpus, freedom of speech, press
and assembly; and imprisoned the
• This nation, already free and independent as of
opposition Liberal Party leaders.
this day, must use the same flag which up to now is
• Normally a constitutional last resort
being used, whose design and colors are found
designed to protect the masses, martial law
described in the attached drawing.
was declared by Marcos to keep himself in
MARCOS VS. AQUINO power and to protect his cronies. Asia's
most vibrant democracy was no more.
Ferdinand Marcos, in full Ferdinand Edralin
• Marcos: Martial Law Prelude to a "New
Marcos, (born September 11, 1917, Sarrat,
Society"
Philippines—died September 28, 1989, Honolulu,
Hawaii, U.S.), Philippine lawyer and politician who, August 21, 1983 – Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino Jr. was
as head of state from 1966 to 1986, established assassinated at the Manila International Airport.
an authoritarian regime in the Philippines that came
under criticism for corruption and for its • The gradual downfall of the dictatorial regime
suppression of democratic processes. of President Marcos began with the
assassination of his political rival, former
Senator Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino, Jr. on August
 21, 1983 moments after the latter returned Congress was soon elected. But the newly-
from exile in the United states. restored freedom did not last the Aquino
• The murder of Ninoy Aquino set in motion a administration failed to enforce the social
series of events that destabilized the Marcos and economic status. The problems of
administration that calling for Marcos to resign. peace and order especially with the
• Protest rallies erupted in the streets of Manila communist insurgency continued.
and other major cities in the provinces. • In January 1987, Cory Aquino was named
• Rumors continued to circulate that Marcos was the TIME Magazine’s 1986 PERSON OF THE
sick. Following opinions by the U.S government YEAR. She returned in 2001 to support the
that he was losing the mandate of the Filipino impeachment of President Joseph Estrada
people, Marcos announced on American and which became known as EDSA 2.
local television that he would hold a snap • In 2006, she was listed in TIME Magazine’s
presidential election. issue called “60 YEARS OF ASIAN HEROES”
• The election wanted to field their own • September 1986, Cory Aquino went on a
candidates against Marcos. It was decided that state visit to the United States where she
Ninoy’s widow, Corazon Aquino would run as spoke before the U.S Congress to ask for
president with opposition leader, Salvador financial aid to the Philippines and
Laurel as her running mate. conferred with then President Ronald
• The snap election proved to be farce there was Reagan and to other Americans to invest.
a rampant cheating and violence. In the end • The nine-day visit as deemed a success by
Batasang Pambansa declared Marcos as the Filipino and American newsmen.
winner of the election and Aquino in protest
TEODORO “TEDDY BOY” LOCSIN Jr.
would for a boycott of products of businesses
that supported Marcos. • Cory’s Executive Secretary and the task of
writing the speech was given to him, but in
PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION 1986
an interview years later, admitted that he
• But on February 22, Marcos defense was unable to finish it in time for the
minister Juan Ponce Enrile and Armed occasion.
Forces of the PH Vice Chief of Staff,
• It was Cory who finished the draft and it
Gen.Fidel Ramos announce their defection
was this speech that she delivered before
from the Marcos government.
the U.S Congress
• This led to what is known in our history as
the Four-day People Power Revolution • It ran for half an hour and was interrupted
where civilians faced tanks and soldiers to by several applauses and ended with a
protect who defied the Marcos regime. standing ovation by both the senators and
• Marcos eventually was flown to Hawaii congressmen.
where he lived in exile and Aquino was
sworn into office as the President of the • Delivered at Washington, D.C on
Philippines. September 18, 1896
• The people Power Revolution caught the • Senator Majority Leader Robert Dole said to
imagination of the world. President Aquino Mrs. Aquino, “Cory, you hit a home run.”
began to lead a country that had been badly
damaged economically. • Aquino smiled back and said, “I hope the
• February 1986 ended the Marcos bases were loaded.”
dictatorship and propelled Cory as the First
Filipino Woman President.
• The Cory administration became known for
its restoration of Philippine democracy. A
new constitution was written and a