Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2002 1

1.5 A Adjustable Output, Positive January, 2002 – Rev. 3

Voltage Regulator LM317

The LM317 is an adjustable 3–terminal positive voltage regulator
capable of supplying in excess of 1.5 A over an output voltage range
of 1.2 V to 37 V. This voltage regulator is exceptionally easy to use
and requires only two external resistors to set the output voltage. THREE–TERMINAL
Further, it employs internal current limiting, thermal shutdown and ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE
safe area compensation, making it essentially blow–out proof.
The LM317 serves a wide variety of applications including local, on
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
card regulation. This device can also be used to make a programmable
SEMICONDUCTOR
output regulator, or by connecting a fixed resistor between the
TECHNICAL DATA
adjustment and output, the LM317 can be used as a precision current
regulator.
• Output Current in Excess of 1.5 A
• Output Adjustable between 1.2 V and 37 V T SUFFIX
• Internal Thermal Overload Protection PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 221A
• Internal Short Circuit Current Limiting Constant with Temperature
• Output Transistor Safe–Area Compensation
• Floating Operation for High Voltage Applications 1
2
• Available in Surface Mount D2PAK, and Standard 3–Lead Transistor 3

Package
• Eliminates Stocking many Fixed Voltages Pin 1. Adjust
2. Vout
3. Vin
Standard Application

D2T SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 936 2
(D2PAK) 1

3
µ µ

Heatsink surface (shown as terminal 4 in

case outline drawing) is connected to Pin
2.

**Cin is required if regulator is located an appreciable distance from power

supply filter. **CO is not needed for stability, however, it does improve ORDERING INFORMATION
transient response.
Operating
Temperature Range
Device Package
Vout 1.25V1 RR21 IAdjR2
LM317BD2T Surface Mount
Since IAdj is controlled to less than 100 µA, the error associated with this term is
TJ = –40° to +125°C
negligible in most applications. LM317BT Insertion Mount

LM317D2T TJ = 0° to +125°C Surface Mount

 LM317

LM317T Insertion Mount

Publication Order Number: LM317/D

MAXIMUM RATINGS
Rating Symbol Value Unit

Input–Output Voltage Differential VI–VO 40 Vdc

Power Dissipation
Case 221A
TA = +25°C PD Internally Limited W
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Ambient θJA 65 °C/W
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Case θJC 5.0 °C/W
Case 936 (D2PAK)
TA = +25°C PD Internally Limited W
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Ambient θJA 70 °C/W
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Case θJC 5.0 °C/W
Operating Junction Temperature Range TJ –40 to +125 °C

Storage Temperature Range Tstg –65 to +150 °C

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VI–VO = 5.0 V; IO = 0.5 A for D2T and T packages; TJ = Tlow to Thigh [Note 1]; Imax and Pmax
[Note 2]; unless otherwise noted.)
Characteristics Figure Symbol Min Typ Max Unit

Line Regulation (Note 3), TA = +25°C, 3.0 V ≤ VI–VO ≤ 40 V 1 Regline – 0.01 0.04 %/V

Load Regulation (Note 3), TA = +25°C, 10 mA ≤ IO ≤ Imax 2 Regload

VO ≤ 5.0 V – 5.0 25 mV
VO ≥ 5.0 V – 0.1 0.5 % VO

Thermal Regulation, TA = +25°C (Note 6), 20 ms Pulse Regtherm – 0.03 0.07 % VO/W

Adjustment Pin Current 3 IAdj – 50 100 µA

Adjustment Pin Current Change, 2.5 V ≤ VI–VO ≤ 40 V, 1, 2 ∆IAdj – 0.2 5.0 µA

10 mA ≤ IL ≤ Imax, PD ≤ Pmax

Reference Voltage, 3.0 V ≤ VI–VO ≤ 40 V, 3 Vref 1.2 1.25 1.3 V

10 mA ≤ IO ≤ Imax, PD ≤ Pmax

Line Regulation (Note 3), 3.0 V ≤ VI–VO ≤ 40 V 1 Regline – 0.02 0.07 %V

Load Regulation (Note 3), 10 mA ≤ IO ≤ Imax 2 Regload

VO ≤ 5.0 V – 20 70 mV
VO ≥ 5.0 V – 0.3 1.5 % VO

Temperature Stability (Tlow ≤ TJ ≤ Thigh) 3 TS – 0.7 – % VO

Minimum Load Current to Maintain Regulation (VI–VO = 40 3 ILmin – 3.5 10 mA

V)
Maximum Output Current 3 Imax A
VI–VO ≤ 15 V, PD ≤ Pmax, T Package
1.5 2.2 –
VI–VO = 40 V, PD ≤ Pmax, TA = +25°C, T Package 0.15 0.4 –

RMS Noise, % of VO, TA = +25°C, 10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 10 kHz N – 0.003 – % VO

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 LM317
Ripple Rejection, VO = 10 V, f = 120 Hz (Note 4) 4 RR dB
Without CAdj – 65 –
CAdj = 10 µF 66 80 –

Long–Term Stability, TJ = Thigh (Note 5), TA = +25°C for 3 S – 0.3 1.0 %/1.0 k
Endpoint Measurements Hrs.

Thermal Resistance Junction to Case, T Package RθJC – 5.0 – °C/W

NOTES: 1. Tlow to Thigh = 0° to +125°C, for LM317T, D2T. Tlow to Thigh = –40° to +125°C, for LM317BT, BD2T.
2. Imax = 1.5 A, Pmax = 20 W
3. Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must be taken into account
separately. Pulse testing with low duty cycle is used.
4. CAdj, when used, is connected between the adjustment pin and ground.
5. Since Long–Term Stability cannot be measured on each device before shipment, this specification is an engineering estimate of average
stabilityfrom lot to lot.
6. Power dissipation within an IC voltage regulator produces a temperature gradient on the die, affecting individual IC components on the die.
Theseeffects can be minimized by proper integrated circuit design and layout techniques. Thermal Regulation is the effect of these temperature
gradients on the output voltage and is expressed in percentage of output change per watt of power change in a specified time.
Representative Schematic Diagram

This device contains 29 active transistors.

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 LM317

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 LM317
Figure 1. Line Regulation and ∆IAdj/Line Test Circuit

µ µ

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 LM317

Figure 2. Load Regulation and ∆IAdj/Load Test Circuit

Figure 3. Standard Test Circuit

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 LM317
Figure 4. Ripple Rejection Test Circuit

, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (° , INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc)

Figure 5. Load Regulation Figure 6. Current Limit

, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (° , JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°

Figure 7. Adjustment Pin Current Figure 8. Dropout Voltage

°
°
°

, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (° , INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc)

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 LM317

Figure 9. Temperature Stability Figure 10. Minimum Operating Current Figure 11. Ripple

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 LM317
Rejection versus Output Voltage Figure 12. Ripple Rejection versus
Output Current

Figure 13. Ripple Rejection versus Frequency Figure 14. Output Impedance

Figure 15. Line Transient Response Figure 16. Load Transient Response

APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Basic Circuit Operation Vout Vref1 RR21 IAdjR2
The LM317 is a 3–terminal floating regulator. In Since the current from the adjustment terminal (IAdj)
operation, the LM317 develops and maintains a nominal represents an error term in the equation, the LM317 was
1.25 V reference (Vref) between its output and adjustment designed to control IAdj to less than 100 µA and keep it
terminals. This reference voltage is converted to a constant. To do this, all quiescent operating current is
programming current (IPROG) by R1 (see Figure 17), and returned to the output terminal. This imposes the
this constant current flows through R2 to ground. The requirement for a minimum load current. If the load current
regulated output voltage is given by: is less than this minimum, the output voltage will rise.

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 LM317

Since the LM317 is a floating regulator, it is only the increased. A 10 µF capacitor should improve ripple
voltage differential across the circuit which is important to rejection about 15 dB at 120 Hz in a 10 V application.
performance, and operation at high voltages with respect to Although the LM317 is stable with no output
ground is possible. capacitance, like any feedback circuit, certain values of
external capacitance can cause excessive ringing. An
output capacitance (CO) in the form of a 1.0 µF tantalum or
25 µF aluminum electrolytic capacitor on the output
swamps this effect and insures stability.
Protection Diodes
When external capacitors are used with any IC regulator
it is sometimes necessary to add protection diodes to
prevent the capacitors from discharging through low
current points into the regulator.
Figure 17. Basic Circuit Configuration Figure 18 shows the LM317 with the recommended
protection diodes for output voltages in excess of 25 V or
Load Regulation high capacitance values (CO > 25 µF, CAdj > 10 µF). Diode
The LM317 is capable of providing extremely good load D1 prevents CO from discharging thru the IC during an
regulation, but a few precautions are needed to obtain input short circuit. Diode D2 protects against capacitor CAdj
maximum performance. For best performance, the discharging through the IC during an output short circuit.
programming resistor (R1) should be connected as close to The combination of diodes D1 and D2 prevents CAdj from
the regulator as possible to minimize line drops which discharging through the IC during an input short circuit.
effectively appear in series with the reference, thereby
degrading regulation. The ground end of R2 can be returned
near the load ground to provide remote ground sensing and
improve load regulation.
External Capacitors
A 0.1 µF disc or 1.0 µF tantalum input bypass capacitor
(Cin) is recommended to reduce the sensitivity to input line
impedance.
The adjustment terminal may be bypassed to ground to
improve ripple rejection. This capacitor (CAdj) prevents
ripple from being amplified as the output voltage is

Figure 18. Voltage Regulator with Protection Diodes

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 LM317
Figure 19. D2PAK Thermal Resistance and Maximum Power Dissipation versus P.C.B. Copper
Length

Vin Vout
32 V to 40 V

Figure 20. ‘‘Laboratory’’ Power Supply with Adjustable Current Limit and Output Voltage

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 LM317

* D1 protects the device during an input short

R1 = circuit.
As shown 0 < IO < 1.0 A.

Figure 21. Adjustable Current Limiter Figure 22. 5.0 V Electronic Shutdown Regulator

µ
Iout
R1

1.25R1V

10 mA ≤ Iout ≤ 1.5 A
Figure 23. Slow Turn–On Regulator Figure 24. Current Regulator
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS

T SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 221A–09
ISSUE AA

NOTES:
SEATING

INCHES MILLIMETERS
DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX
A 0.570 0.620 14.48 15.75
B 0.380 0.405 9.66 10.28
C 0.160 0.190 4.07 4.82
D 0.025 0.035 0.64 0.88

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 LM317
–T– F 0.142 0.147 3.61 3.73
G 0.095 0.105 2.42 2.66
B C
H 0.110 0.155 2.80 3.93
S J 0.018 0.025 0.46 0.64
K 0.500 0.562 12.70 14.27
L 0.045 0.060 1.15 1.52
Q A N 0.190 0.210 4.83 5.33
Q 0.100 0.120 2.54 3.04
R 0.080 0.110 2.04 2.79
H S 0.045 0.055 1.15 1.39
K T 0.235 0.255 5.97 6.47
Z U 0.000 0.050 0.00 1.27
V 0.045 --- 1.15 ---
Z --- 0.080 --- 2.04
L R PLANE 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
V J
F2. CONTROLLING
DIMENSION: G INCH.
D
N T3. BODY AND LEAD IRREGULARITIES AREDIMENSION Z DEFINES A ZONE WHERE ALL ALLOWED.

D2T SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 936–03
(D2PAK)
ISSUE B

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Notes

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