Case Management

Models of Case Management in Community Mental Health Services
Introduction
The complexities of providing community and coordinating the services in

community requires a great deal of organization work .Case management is a
method of providing services whereby a professional social worker assesses the
needs of the client and the client’s family, when appropriate, and arranges,
coordinates, monitors, evaluates, and advocates for a package of multiple services
to meet the specific client’s complex needs.Social worker strives to connect persons
with mental illness to needed resources and services that provide for recovery, self
sufficiency, and an overall better quality of life.
Emergence of case management
After deinstitutionalization, thousands of mentally ill individuals were moved from

the psychiatric hospitals into the community for service. Increasingly persons with
mental illness became more complex and extremely difficult to navigate. Case
management became a remedy to the confusion that was created by the multiple
care providers in various settings. The intervention was further designed to ensure
accessibility, accountability, and continuity of care for persons with long-term
disabling mental disorders (Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders, 2011).
Need for case management
Case manager’s function is to help the patient identify and ensure inner and outer
resources required for independent living in the community. Nowadays, it is
completely clear that case management is important for treatment of persons with
psychotic disorders and that it reduces the need for hospitalizations.
Functions of Case managers:
1. Connect with community resources.
2. Assist in the navigation of the health care system to achieve successful care,
especially during transitions.
3. Promote the utilization of evidence-based care.
5. Promote quality outcomes and the measurement of those outcomes.
6. Promote the integration of behavioral change.

7. Use a holistic, comprehensive approach.
8. Use a collaborative, client-centric partnership approach.
9. Practice cultural competence that include valuing diversity, understanding the

dynamics of cultural interaction, incorporating cultural knowledge and adapting
practices to the diversity present in a particular setting (Why Case Management,
2000).
10. Facilitate self-care and self-determination through the tenets of shared decision
making, advocacy, and education, whenever possible.
11. Maintain competence in practice and pursue professional excellence.
12. Maintain and support compliance with federal, state, local, organizational, and
other relevant rules and regulations (CMSA, 2010).
Models of case management
The common denominator of different case management models is greater

continuity of care through frequent contacts with case manager and enabling use
of various community services.
Brokerage Model
Service brokerage is a term commonly used by those who regard case

management as primarily administrative. Under this model Case manager assess
the needs and refers the patient to different existing community services. Case
manager continues to monitor and evaluate treatment outcome. The services
required by the client are to improve their health in the community. However the
patients have difficulties finding them and, therefore, require case manager’s help.
Case manager in Brokerage Mode will have many patients and little contact with
them.
Clinical Case Management
Case manager is actively involved in treatment provision which includes

establishing rapport, assessment, planning, intervention in patient’s environment,
linking patient with resources in the community, work with families and
networking with other professionals,
Interventions
 Psychotherapy or Talk Therapies,
 Social Skills Training,
 Psychoeducation,
 Mental Health Monitoring
 Crisis Intervention.
This model demands case manager various different skills in order to
perform his/her role in holistic treatment and coordination
Intensive Case Management
This model was developed with the aim of treating poorly cooperative
patients with frequent hospitalizations, and it stands for intensive treatment in the
patient’s home. It involves multidisciplinary team including a nurse, occupational
therapist, social worker, psychologist and psychiatrist. The usual number of
patients per case manager is 10.
Client Interventions:
This model offers training in activities of daily living, symptom control, medication,
therapeutic support, family education, 24-hour cover and possibility of unlimited
treatment duration. The team has full responsibility for patients’ treatment. In
practice there are big differences in application of this model due to patient profile,
environmental factors financial restrictions and difficulties of above professionals to
work in community setting. This model had on average 13 visits in the first 3
months compared to 5 in the standard model (Craig 2004).
Personal Empowerment Model
Social worker Identifies patient’s power and focuses on interests, abilities

and competencies rather than deficits, weaknesses and difficulties. Patient is
looked upon as a person who governs the helping process. It is believed that all
patients can change and improve. Treatment goals are agreed upon by the patient,
leads to increase in satisfaction with treatment services and avoidance of negative
reactions. Relationship with case manager is crucial to achieve successful outcome.
Rehabilitation Model
The stress is on development of the entire rehabilitation plan based on

assessment of patient’s needs and goals. It is focused on disabilities aiming
towards positive outcome. Case manager’s goal is to encourage independence.
There is also difference between individual and team case management with
regards to responsibility for treatment of individual patients. The case manager
working individually with the patient takes upon him/herself responsibility for all
aspects of care.
Cluster Case Management
treatment is conducted in a group of patients at the same time. The

advantage of this model is in group providing support, reducing isolation and
improving social communication. Its disadvantage is that not all patients are
suitable for group work. In the system of case management consumers themselves
can join the treatment of other consumers as assistants. Case management
assistant is a patient educated to help case manager, most frequently around
assisting other patients to come to their appointments. Most important is that this
model gives patients hope in recovery
Effectiveness of case management has been confirmed in various studies. Best

researched is the effectiveness of the assertive model. Case management is
significantly reducing number of hospital days and increasing quality of life.

Case Management

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Case Management

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Case Management

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Models of Case Management in Community Mental Health Services

The complexities of providing community and coordinating the services in

Emergence of case management

After deinstitutionalization, thousands of mentally ill individuals were moved from

Need for case management

Functions of Case managers:

1. Connect with community resources.

3. Promote the utilization of evidence-based care.

5. Promote quality outcomes and the measurement of those outcomes.

6. Promote the integration of behavioral change.

8. Use a collaborative, client-centric partnership approach.

9. Practice cultural competence that include valuing diversity, understanding the

11. Maintain competence in practice and pursue professional excellence.

Models of case management

The common denominator of different case management models is greater

Service brokerage is a term commonly used by those who regard case

Clinical Case Management

Case manager is actively involved in treatment provision which includes

Intensive Case Management

Personal Empowerment Model

Social worker Identifies patient’s power and focuses on interests, abilities

The stress is on development of the entire rehabilitation plan based on

Cluster Case Management

treatment is conducted in a group of patients at the same time. The

Effectiveness of case management has been confirmed in various studies. Best

You might also like