Module 10

Basic Fire Safety

OBJECTIVE OF THE TRAINING

The participant will be able to:

Ø  Have the basic knowledge on Fire and its
components and how to defeat fire accidents.
Ø  Increase awareness on the proper usage of
Fire Extinguisher.
Ø  Be Aware of what to do incase of Fire &
Emergency.

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Fire is considered as one of the most ruthless
agent of destruction that natural and man-
made environment faced.
And fighting it as a foe, one of the best
weapons one can have is knowledge and
understanding of the enemy.

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 IS
TH R
T O U
LE Y
'T TO Y!
ON N R T
D PE PE
A P O
H PR

OZONE DISCO FIRE :

162 DEATHS plus INJURIES
LUNG CENTER FIRE :
25 DEATHS plus INJURIES

DAMAS de ISLAS de FILIPNAS

FIRE : 23 DEATHS plus
INJURIES
QC MANOR HOTEL FIRE :
75 DEATHS plus INJURIES

“An average losses of SEVENTEEN MILLION PESOS a day”

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 Why Fire Prevention is
Important?

Makes you disorientated and stops you from thinking and breathing.

Makes you breathe faster, which puts to rest the option of holding your breath.

Mixes with moisture in the eyes, nose and throat, which causes coughing and
hacking. Then turns into nitric acid, which starts to burn the tissue.

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 DID YOU KNOW THAT …
… a total of More than 10,500 Fire Incidents
occurred throughout the Philippines Yearly?
… the two leading causes of fire are due to ELECTRICAL and OPEN
FLAME / COOKING.
3% 2%
17% 1%
2%

36%

13%

29%

Electrical Combined Heat

Open Flames/Cooking Cigarette Butts
Fireworks Flammable Liquids
LPG Tanks Unknown

Every business establishment should

have a fire safety plan, which should be
review with all employees when they begin
to their job and when the plan is changed.

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 What is FIRE?
Ø  is a chemical reaction between a
flammable or combustible material
and oxygen.

Ø  is a rapid oxidation of combustible

FIRE
materials with the help of energy in the
form of heat and light.

ELEMENTS OF FIRE
(Fire Tetrahedron)
•  Normally, air is 21%
oxygen and 78%
nitrogen.
•  Acts as catalyst to the
combustion process. Open Flame,
•  Only 16% of oxygen is Spark, Heat,
needed to sustain fire. Electrical Short
Circuit
•  With abundance of
oxygen, the chemical FIRE
reaction is accelerated
and can cause some
materials to ignite

Paper, Wood, Plastic, Rubber, Oil , Gasoline, Paints, Cooking Oil, Thinner,
Grease, LPG Gas, Electrical Equipment, Appliances, Combustible Metal, etc.

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FOUR CLASSES OF FIRE

A C
B D

CLASSES OF FIRE
Class Involves ordinary combustible materials

A E.g. wood, paper, rubber, plastic etc

Fire
Solid combustible materials
that are not METALS Class A
Fires generally leave an ASH

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 CLASSES OF FIRE
Class

B
Involves flammable liquids
E.g. gasoline, oils, paints, thinner, grease

Any non-metal in a liquid state, Fire

this classification also includes
flammable gases Class B Fires
generally involves materials that
Boil or Bubble

CLASSES OF FIRE
Class
Involves live electrical equipment

C E.g. electric fan, air-conditioning unit,

computer etc

Fire
Electrical: As long as it’s plugged it will
considered as Class C Fire Involves
energize electrical equipment (generally
deals with electrical current)

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 CLASSES OF FIRE
Class
Involves Combustible Metals &
Chemicals. Unless you work in
a laboratory or industry that uses
D
these materials, it is unlikely Fire
you’ll deal with this materials.
E.g. magnesium, titanium, zirconium,
sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, zinc

(MGA NAG-AAPOY NA DAHILAN)

ü  Electrical ü  Hot surfaces

ü  Friction ü  Combustion sparks
ü  Open flames ü  Static electricity
ü  Smoking & Matches ü  S p o n t a n e o u s
combustion

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 SOURCES OF HEAT
(Spark)

•  Hot work activities / Welding

•  Grinding
•  Torch Cutting

SOURCES OF HEAT
(Electricity)
n  Electrical Heat Energy
n  Resistance heating
n  Arching /spark
n  Short Circuit

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 SOURCES OF HEAT
n  Open Flames
q  Cigarettes, matches, welding torch

SOURCE OF HEAT
n  Mechanical Heat (friction heat)
q  Slipping belt against pulley

n  Friction spark

q  Dropping steel tools on a concrete floor

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 SOURCES OF HEAT
n  Spontaneous Heat (auto-ignition)
q  Use of ingredients sensitive to shock, heat
or moisture. (Potassium Chlorate)
q  Improper use of chemicals
q  Improper storage of chemicals

PRINCIPLES OF FIRE
PREVENTION AND CONTROL

n  Prevent the Outbreak of Fire

q  Control all sources of heat e.g. Hot work Permit System, No Smoking Area.

n  Provide for Early Detection

n  Prevent the Spread of Fire
n  Provide for Prompt Extinguishment

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 HOW TO PREVENT THE
OUTBREAK OF FIRE
During Hot work Activities, follow all Safety
Guidelines & Rules stated in Hot work Permit

Welder Incident in Confine Space.mpg

HOW TO PREVENT THE

OUTBREAK OF FIRE
Hot Work Equipment must be well
maintain and always in good
condition. Inspect before using

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HOW TO PREVENT THE
OUTBREAK OF FIRE

Electrical equipment must

be regularly & properly
inspect, maintain & clean

Make sure to Turn-

off All Tanks and
LPG Tank Valve
After used

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 HOW TO PREVENT THE
OUTBREAK OF FIRE

Regularly Check & Monitor the Valves,

Pipes or Hose from any Leakage or Damage

HOW TO PREVENT THE

OUTBREAK OF FIRE
Do Not Leave Open Flame Un-Attended

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Methods of Extinguishing Fire
(Mga Paraan ng pag Patay ng Sunog)

Removal of Fuel
(Elimination of Fuel - Starvation)

trash

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Blanketing or Smothering
(Exclusion of Oxygen)

WET BLANKET

Blanketing or Smothering
(Exclusion of Oxygen)

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Cooling or Quenching
(Reduction of Heat)

Inhibiting of Chain Reaction

Break
the
Chain
Reaction

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 Classes of Fire and its Extinguishing Agent

CLASS MATERIALS EXTINGUISHING AGENT

Ordinary combustible materials, like Water

A wood, paper, plastic

Flammable liquid, like gasoline, oil, Dry Chemical, Halon

B paint, thinner Alternative, CO2, Foam

Energized electrical / electronic Halon Alternative, CO2

C equipment

Combustible metals, like Mg, Na, Zn CO2, Dry Chemical, large

D amount of water

PERMANENT EXTINGUISHING
AGENTS
Ø  Standpipe and Hose
Ø  Automatic Sprinkler System
Ø  Fire Hydrant
Ø  Fire Pump
Ø  Fire Truck
Ø  Automatic extinguishing system

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FIRE EXTINGUISHER

n  Portable Fire Extinguishers

n  Water
n  Sand

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PORTABLE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
PRESSURED WATER – LIGHT WATER
•  Suitable for Class A fire only
•  Stainless Container or Tank

ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY ( HCFC 123 )

•  Vaporizing liquid
•  Suitable for Class A, B, and C fires
•  Green Color
•  Recommended for Sensitive Equipment

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PORTABLE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
AQUEOUS FILM FORMING FOAM (AFFF)
•  Suitable for Class A and B fires
•  Blue Color

CARBON DIOXIDE (LIKE DRY ICE)

•  Suitable for Class B and C fires
•  Red Color

PORTABLE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
DRY CHEMICAL (POWDER)
•  Suitable for Class A, B, and C fires
•  Red color
BROMOCHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (BCF) OR HALON 1211
• Suitable for Class A, B, C and D Fire
•  Yellow color

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 Most fire extinguishers will have a pictograph
label telling you which classifications of fire the
extinguisher is designed to fight. For example,
a simple water extinguisher might have a
label like the one below, indicatingthat it should
only be used on Class A fires.

FIRE EXTINGUISHER
REQUIREMENTS
OSH STD: Rule 1944.05
ü  Of the Approved Type
ü  The Right Type for the Class
of Fire
ü  Sufficient Quantity
ü  Accessibly Located, no
obstruction
ü  Maintained in Operating
Condition
ü  Operable by Trained
Personnel

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 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
LEVER ARM: must be in Good Condition

PIN : Intact, Not Broken or Lost

PRESSURE Gauge Condition, if the gauge drops

to re-charge or over pressure level try to Shake.
If it does not go back to normal level, request for
a Replacement. If the Chemical inside is not
Moving or feels like stock up, Fire
Extinguisher need to Replace.

HOSE : Should not be Damage, Cut or Worn out

NOZZLE : No Damage & Clogged

CONTAINER : No rusts, not damage or

deformed. Remove Dust & Dirt

FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Regularly Check and Maintain by

Person in Charge

Hanging on the Wall if possible or

w/ cabinet. (Top is Not More Than
1.5 M & Not More than 1 M from
the floor) Very Visible & Easily
Accessible

FIRE EXTINGUISHER MUST BE CHECK MONTHLY BY PROCESS

PERSON IN CHARGE AVOID ANY OBSTRUCTION IN THE
LOCATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER.

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 HOW TO USE THE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER

PULL

PULL the
Safety Pin.
Pulling the pin
will allow you
to discharge the
extinguisher.

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 AIM

AIM the
Nozzle at the
Base of the
Fire

SQUEEZE

SQUEEZE the
Lever or
Handle to
Release the
Extinguishing
Agent

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 SWEEP

SWEEP from
Side to Side
until the Fire is
Completely out

The Key Word is…

U I Q W
L M U E
L E E
E P
Z

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 Fires can be very dangerous and you
should always be certain that you will
not endanger yourself or others when
attempting to put out a Fire.

However, before deciding to fight

the fire, keep these rules in mind:
1) Know what is burning.
If you don't know what is burning, you don't know what type of
extinguisher to use. Even if you have an ABC extinguisher, there
may be something in the fire that is going to explode or produce
highly toxic smoke.
2) Check if the fire is spreading rapidly beyond the spot
where it started.
The time to use an extinguisher is in the incipient, or beginning,
stages of a fire. If the fire is already spreading quickly, it is best to
simply evacuate the building, closing doors and windows behind you
as you leave.

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Fighting the Fire…
The final rule is to always position yourself
with an exit or means of escape at your
back before you attempt to use an
extinguisher to put out a fire. In case the
extinguisher malfunctions, or something
unexpected happens, you need to be able to
get out quickly, and you don't want to
become trapped. Just remember, always keep
an exit at your back.

Key Word for Fire Safety…

PREVENTION is our first, most important step. The best
way to fight fire is to prevent it from actually happening

AWARENESS of the causes and dangers of fire keeps us

always alert and prepared.

DETECTION of fire at its very early stages, when it is still

small, is critical to keep fire under control.

RESPONSE or REACTION should be quick and efficient

– with the appropriate fire fighting equipment.

EVACUATION is our last resort – when all else fails. It is

an option we should always keep open for us.

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In Case of Fire, Think…

OUND THE ALARM

DVISE THE FIRE BRIGADE AND CALL

THE FIRE DEPARTMENT

IGHT THE FIRE (IF TRAINED TO DO SO)

VACUATE THE AREA

Conclusion
REMEMBER The best time to fight a
fire is BEFORE it starts

For a fire not to start, the emphasis

must be on PREVENTION not
reaction

And the best way to prevent a fire is

to have NO FIRE AT ALL

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