1

ST ANSELM.'S SR SEC SCHOOL, AJMER

NAME ~ MAANVENDRA SINGH RAJAWAT

CLASS ~ IX-C
ROLL NO.~ 33
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Acknoledgment
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What is Network Device

Network devices are components used to connect

computers or other electronic devices together so that they
can share files or resources like printers or fax
machines. Devices used to setup a Local Area
Network (LAN) are the most common type of network
devices used by the public. A LAN requires a hub, switch,
router.

Networking devices may include gateways, routers, network

bridges, modems, wireless access points, networking
cables, line drivers, switches, hubs, and repeaters; and may
also include hybrid network devices such as multilayer
switches, protocol converters, bridge routers, proxy
servers, firewalls, network address
translators, multiplexers, network interface
controllers, wireless network interface controllers, ISDN
terminal adapters and other related hardware.

The most common kind of networking hardware today is a

copper-based Ethernet adapter which is a standard inclusion
on most modern computer systems. Wireless networking has
become increasingly popular, especially for portable and
handheld devices.

Other networking hardware used in computers includes data

center equipment (such as file servers, database
servers and storage areas), network services (such
as DNS, DHCP, email, etc.) as well as devices which
assure content delivery.

Taking a wider view, mobile phones, tablet computers and

devices associated with the internet of things may also be
considered networking hardware. As technology advances
and IP-based networks are integrated into building
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infrastructure and household utilities, network hardware will

become an ambiguous term owing to the vastly increasing
number of network capable endpoints.

CoreEdit

 Gateway: an interface providing a compatibility

between networks by converting transmission speeds,
protocols, codes, or security measures.[2]

 Router: a networking device that forwards data
packets between computer networks. Routers perform the
"traffic directing" functions on the Internet. A data packet is
typically forwarded from one router to another through the
networks that constitute the internetwork until it reaches its
destination node.[3] It works on OSI layer 3.[4]

 Switch: a device that connects devices together on a
computer network, by using packet switching to receive,
process and forward data to the destination device. Unlike
less advanced network hubs, a network switch forwards data
only to one or multiple devices that need to receive it, rather
than broadcasting the same data out of each of its ports.[5] It
works on OSI layer 2.

 Bridge: a device that connects multiple network
segments. It works on OSI layers 1 and 2.[6]

 Repeater: an electronic device that receives a signal and
retransmits it at a higher level or higher power, or onto the
other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover
longer distances.[7]

 Repeater hub: for connecting multiple Ethernet devices
together and making them act as a single network segment. It
has multiple input/output (I/O) ports, in which
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a signal introduced at the input of any port appears at the

output of every port except the original incoming.[1] A hub
works at the physical layer (layer 1) of the OSI
model.[8] Repeater hubs also participate in collision detection,
forwarding a jam signal to all ports if it detects a collision.
Hubs are now largely obsolete, having been replaced
by network switches except in very old installations or
specialized applications.

HybridEdit

 Multilayer switch: a switch that, in addition to switching

on OSI layer 2, provides functionality at higher protocol
layers.

 Protocol converter: a hardware device that converts
between two different types of transmission, for
interoperation.[9]

 Bridge router (brouter): a device that works as a bridge
and as a router. The brouter routes packets for known
protocols and simply forwards all other packets as a bridge
would.[10]

BorderEdit
Hardware or software components which typically sit on the
connection point of different networks (for example, between
an internal network and an external network) include:
 Proxy server: computer network service which allows
clients to make indirect network connections to other network
services.[11]

 Firewall: a piece of hardware or software put on the
network to prevent some communications forbidden by the
network policy.[12] A firewall typically establishes a barrier
between a trusted, secure internal network and another
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outside network, such as the Internet, that is assumed to not

be secure or trusted.[13]

 Network address translator (NAT): network service
(provided as hardware or as software) that converts internal
to external network addresses and vice versa.[14]

End stationsEdit
Other hardware devices used for establishing networks or
dial-up connections include:
 Network interface controller (NIC): a device connecting a
computer to a wire-based computer network.

 Wireless network interface controller: a device
connecting the attached computer to a radio-based computer
network.

 Modem: device that modulates an analog "carrier" signal
(such as sound) to encode digital information, and that also
demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted
information. Used (for example) when a computer
communicates with another computer over a telephone
network.

 ISDN terminal adapter (TA): a specialized gateway for
ISDN.

 Line driver: a device to increase transmission distance
by amplifying the signal; used in base-band networks only

TYPES OF NETWORK DEVICES

 Hub.
 Switch.
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 Router.
 Bridge.
 Gateway.
 Modem.
 Repeater.
 Access Point.

What is a hub network device?

1. When referring to a network, a hub is the most

basic networking device that connects multiple computers or
other network devices together. Unlike a network switch or
router, a network hub has no routing tables or intelligence on
where to send information and broadcasts all network data
across each connection.

A switch devices is used to connect various network

segments. A network switch is a small hardware device that
joins multiple computers together within one local area
network (LAN). A Hub connects multiple Ethernet devices
together, making them act as a single segment.

There are many but we define now router devices

Routers are small electronic devices that join multiple

computer networks together using either wired or wireless
connections.

How Routers Work

In technical terms, a router is a Layer 3 network

gateway device, meaning that it connects two or more
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networks and that the router operates at the network layer of

the OSI model.

Routers contain a processor (CPU), several kinds of digital

memory, and input-output (I/O) interfaces. They function as
special-purpose computers, one that does not require a
keyboard or display.

The router memory stores an embedded operating

system (OS). Compared to general-purpose OS products
such as Microsoft Windows or Apple macOS, router operating
systems limit what kind of applications will run on them and
also need smaller amounts of storage space. Examples of
popular router operating systems include Cisco Internetwork
Operating System (IOS) and DD-WRT. These operating
systems are manufactured into a binary firmware image and
are commonly called router firmware.

By maintaining configuration information in a part of memory

called the routing table, routers filter incoming and outgoing
traffic based on the addresses of senders and receivers.

Routers for Business Networks and the Internet

Before home networking became popular, routers were found

in businesses and schools. These routers cost thousands of
dollars and require special technical training to set up and
manage.

The largest and most powerful network routers form the

internet backbone. These routers manage many terabits of
data flowing through and between internet service provider
(ISP) networks

Home Broadband Routers

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Routers became mainstream consumer devices when

households began to accumulate multiple computers and
wanted to share a home internet connection

Home networks use Internet Protocol (IP) routers to connect

computers to each other and to the internet. Early generations
of home routers supported wired networking with Ethernet
cables while newer wireless routers supported Wi-Fi together
with Ethernet. The term broadband router applies to any
home wired or wireless router used to share a broadband
internet connection.

Home routers often cost $100 or less. They are manufactured

to be more affordable than business routers in part because
they offer fewer features. Still, home routers provide many
essential home networking functions:

 Share a home internet connection with dozens of

devices.

 Provide basic home network firewall and other security
support.

 Change router configuration settings from a web
browser.

What is the purpose of network devices?

The only benefit of a hub in a network is to connect

various network devices together, which may range anything
from connecting a computer to a computer, computers
to network devices, and a computer network to another
computer network. It allows the network resources to be
shared among computers.