Theorems of Quantum Mechanics: Useful Notation
Theorems of Quantum Mechanics: Useful Notation
Useful Notation
Amn = ∫ φm* A φn dτ
= (φmAφn)
= <mAn>
= [<mn>]*
Theorems
<A> = <A>*
= ∫ ψ (Aψ)* dτ
Since A is Hermitian
Since this must hold for all c’s, it must hold for c=i or 1. Set c=1
to give one eqn., set c=i to give a second eqn. Then add.
or Aij = Aji*
<φiV(x)φj> Hermitian
Assume φi & φj are well-behaved (i.e. =0) at +∞, so that the first
term on the right equals 0. Then
Then H = T + V is Hermitian.
So b = b*
PROVE: The eigenfunctions of a Hermitian operator can be
chosen to be orthogonal.
Since B is Hermitian
<F B G> = <G B F>*
(t-s) <FG> = 0
Let B F = s F & B G = s G
f = Σ a i φi a i is an expansion coefficient
i
Or f = Σ <φi f> φi
i
So, the eigenfunctions of a Hermitian operator form a complete
orthonormal set with real eigenvalues
A φ i = s iφ i & B φ i = t iφ i
f = Σ c i φi
i
= Σ c it i s i (φi - φi) = 0
i
Π f(x,y,z) = f(-x,-y,-z)
r → r, φ → π + φ, θ → π - θ]
So Π2 = 1 (unit operator)
So ci 2 = 1 & ci = +1
Π gi = ci g i
Or Π gi (x,y,z) = + gi (x,y,z)
- h2/(2m)[∂2/∂z2, Π] + [V, Π]
= [-∂/∂x][-∂/∂x] φ(-x,-y,-z)
Consider [V, Π] = VΠ - ΠV
G φi(q) = g i φi(q)
Ψ(q,t) = Σ c i(t)φi(q)
i
Require
∫ Ψ*Ψ dτ = 1,
1 = ∫ Σc i*(t)φi*(q) Σ c j(t)φj(q) dτ
i j
= Σc i*Σ c j ∫φi*(q)φj(q) dτ
= Σc i*Σ c jδij
i j
= Σc i2
i
= ∫ Σc i*(t)φi*(q) G Σ c j(t)φj(q) dτ
i j
= Σc i*Σ c j gj δij
i j
= Σc i2 gi
i
Pgi = c i2
So Ψ(q,t) = Σ c i(t)φi(q)
i
Calculate ci:
Ψ(q,t) = Σ c i(t)φi(q)
i
= c1 eik x/ h + c2 eik x/ h,
1 2
Ψ = Σ cn Ψn = Σ cn e-iE t/h ψ n
n
n n
[-ih ∂/∂t + H] Ψ = 0