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Review of Related Literature

The document reviews several sources that discuss important considerations for designing reliable microwave communication systems, including line-of-sight analysis, terrain profiling, atmospheric effects, Fresnel zone clearance calculations, accurate site location, reflection analysis, and feasibility testing through path surveys and reliability calculations. Detailed planning is needed to optimize microwave networks for long-distance and stable wireless connections.

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Rad Sison Lago
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132 views3 pages

Review of Related Literature

The document reviews several sources that discuss important considerations for designing reliable microwave communication systems, including line-of-sight analysis, terrain profiling, atmospheric effects, Fresnel zone clearance calculations, accurate site location, reflection analysis, and feasibility testing through path surveys and reliability calculations. Detailed planning is needed to optimize microwave networks for long-distance and stable wireless connections.

Uploaded by

Rad Sison Lago
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature

Electronic Communications Systems 5th Edition, Tomasi (2004)

The free-space path id the line-of-sight path directly between the transmit and receive antenna (this is

also called the direct wave). If a prospective path is not line-of-sight, then an alternate route is considered. The

transmit and receive antennas in a microwave system should have a line-of-sight to be able to transmit the

intended signal and data. Determining whether a path is line-of-sight can be partially accomplished with the aid

of topographical map. This type of map will show the various elevations along the length of the path between

proposed endpoints. Plotting these elevations at intervals will produce a path profile showing terrain relative to

the antenna elevations. This graphical representation aids in determining not only whether a line-of-site

condition exists between endpoints but also in measuring clearances between the center of the path and the

surrounding terrain. When evaluating a proposed path, the path profile should be developed first. This will

identify path obstructions from terrain features. A field survey should follow, which offers the necessary visual

confirmation that the height of man-made objects (which are not indicated on a topographical map) will not be

located in or too near the proposed path.

Communication Infrastructure Corporation (2008)

Less obvious barriers to microwave signals include the Earth’s curvature (kfactor) and atmospheric

conditions, which differ over geographic areas and change locally throughout the year. In coastal areas, for

example, changes in atmospheric density due to temperature inversions, rain storms, and normal diurnal

fluctuations can vary the Earth’s effective curvature from 4/3 to 0.5. During the year, a typical microwave path

might experience a change in clearance by 20 feet or more. As atmospheric fluctuations cause the beam to bend,

the signal strength can easily vary by 20 to 30 dBm. (See Figure 2) In order to account for these fluctuations, the

engineer must carefully calculate the Fresnel zone clearance based on the likely range of k-factors for the region
where the microwave path is to be built. Thus, Fresnel zone clearance cannot be determined through a visual

LOS survey. The entire path survey for a microwave link system includes four details according to a microwave

communications company and these are as follows:

Detailed microwave path surveys include:

• Accurately locating the tower sites.

• Plotting the tower sites and deriving an elevation profile.

• Traversing the path on the ground to identify potential obstacles.

• Determining the antenna heights and performing a reflection analysis.

Microwave link design covers a very wide range and field of study. A well-planned system is very much

required to reach the objectives in putting up a point-to-point LOS link.

Analysis and Planning Microwave Link to established efficient wireless communications, MD.Rakib Al Mahmud

Zaigham Shabbir Khan (2009)

Wireless communication is observing a fast development in today’s communication era. In mobile

communication the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) to Base Station Controller (BSC) or Mobile Switching Centre

(MSC) link is based on microwave link. Therefore, analysis and planning of a microwave link is very much

important. The microwave equipment can be installed after a careful planning and detailed analysis a microwave

radio system. A poorly designed path can result in periodic system outages, resulting in increased system latency,

decreased throughput, or worst case, a complete failure of the system.

Planning a good, stable and reliable microwave network can be quite challenging. At the same time, it

poses several interesting optimization problems. The theme of thesis work an iterative technique has been

presented to explain the sequential communication of signal transmission for long and short distance radio

communication through microwave link with better efficiency.


Microwave Link Design connecting the towns of General Tinio, Tampak 1 and Bongabon by Calderon, Manalo,

Mortalla, and Peguit (2010)

According to the sudy, an RF path analysis needs to be performed in order to have some certainty as to

whether your wireless link will be reliable. Microwave link design is a specific sort of engineering in the broader

field of communications. Most installers know that clear line of sight is required between two antennas, but

there is a lot more to it than that. A clear understanding of the microwave network build-out process is essential

for the successful implementation of a project, whether it is a new system or an upgrade/expansion of an existing

one.

A Microwave Communications System Linking Buhi and Libmanan by Fabay, Joan M. (2006)

The study aims to test the feasibility of linking the two distant municipalities. Buhi has the

coordinates of 13° 24’ 53.48’’latitude and 123° 30’10’’ longitude while Libmanan has the coordinates of

13° 42’ 24.32’’ latitude and 123° 2’ 26.67’’ longitude. Through inspection, the researchers found out that

a repeater station will be utilized at the Municipality of Minalabac, Camarines Sur with the coordinates of

13° 22’59.35’’ latitude and 123° 14’ 1.67’’ longitude. The overall reliability of the intended system using

the frequency diversity case turned out to be 99.99997626%.

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