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. . .Hisfamily doing
something together
in this
case, the
family is
in arestaurant.!. . .

when confronted
with evidence.As ing indetail. Investigators
this typeof defense
detecting
and bringing
it to
Subject: Well,
I cansay
t ifI haveor one murderer
told theinterviewing
I don't.
There area lotof aspects a ents, the offender's
attention maybe suc-
9 "The police
unwrapped the cessful. In
one case,the murderer
of thiscrime can't
I an give
answer,broomhandle that
anddid
it." Several
claimed tohave committed the mur-
causeput I upamentalblock. I of the murderers interviewed
were ders because of instructions
froma
don't
to want
thinkof it.It makes unable remember
to actually
commit-centuries-oldThe
me dobad time
. I'madoing
long dog.
Agents
refused
time and
I justblock itclear
out.
ting the
murder, agreed
but evi-
the to accept
this ploy.They pointed
out
The murderer confirms the
dence incriminated
Iikelihooc. On erou
them. good naturedly
that
of murderers inter- been carefully
the
murders had
=&
the fantasies are
that there; however,
gp
viewed did not admitto theircrimeswhich was planned and
executed,
additional techniques,
such ashypno- even after their convictions
for the alot to expect
fromadog.
ted the
sis or
therapy, would be needed tomurders. When with The
confronted such murderer finally accep
"credit" for
the crimes and discussed
I access theinformation. individuals, interviewer
the should
at- tem
h in detail with the interviewers.
tempt determine
to theif individual
is Even when
suspectingathat
subject
is
Continuum ofAdmission lying which
implies conscious
intent!IVI n
l.
The offendergenerally tookone or denying,
9 or the interviewer
should
if the individual
is denyingwhich try maintain
to atmosphere
an mutual
of
three positions
regarding guiIt- ad-
of
mitting the lack ofimplies
crime, admitting
' h
subconscious
intent!.
the offender, lying
To an
to inves- respect.
There are
reasons whya suspect
total recall,and notadmittinget ti atorprovides aform of control.It might deny
acrime. The denial
might
Ii crime. In our study,
the majority
of may9
detour
the investigator
andwaste
'
h to
serve protect the
subject from
legal
admitted
murderers crimes.
their valuable time,
as insituationswhrc
in action well as as
from the
psychologi-
I Some of the murderersturned them-incorrect names and addresses are cal impact of admitting
suchacrime.
selves toin thepolice; others
admit-given. One murderer
interviewed denied
any
ted tothe crimewhen theywere ap- One wayinvestigators identify
lies actual knowledge of committing
the
P
rehended. others admitted guilt
Still '
IS o thenbasis
of theamount detail
of He stated that
crime. he was
coerced,
asubjectprovides. Fantasy
worlds orforced confess
to the
to crimes,
and
delusions usually
are very
detailed.
possibly drugged
before entering
a
However, whenasubjecttries to lea of
guilty.the
In interview
with the
feign psychosis
or delusion,
hisstory
p
usually appears
inconsistent
lack-
and

127
/

One reason a murderer may not be able to admit the crime

is that admission

gs:
would destroy his premise of justification.
Agents. he had an elaborate answer
5%;
for each piece of evidence presented.
He said friends had given
him the 100 We found that when someone
pairs of high-heeled shoesin his outright deniedthey had murdered or
ti . closet. He argued that photographs had anything to do
with the crime, the
in
found his possession were not his. use of an imaginary third
person was
because he would not be such a helpful. TheAgents wouldgo through
sloppy photographer. He presented the details the
of crime and ask the
/
extreme detail
for each piece of evi- subject why he thought this third
brought
dence against himto "prove" person would commit such an act.
2*
/ why he
could not have been the mur- This technique projected responsibility
derer. or guilt away from the subject and
also
There may be cases where onto someone Note
else. this strategy
the murderer justifies in his own mind in the following interview by the
the issue of admitting ordenying guilt. Agents with amurderer:
The following statementfrom aserial Agent: Suppose we do it thisway.
murderer illustrates position:
this Let'sdivorce
just you from that
/ situation. l m sure you've
thought
Agent: Couldthe policehave done
z anything for you in order to get a about italot. Suppose it wasn't you
confession? involved and it was someone else.
Subject: Well, at
first ldidn t admit your mind, would be the
What, in
my guilt.I wouldn't
admitto reasons for someone doing
anybody. Butl didn't
really deny something that ?
like
either. Subject: l dsay sheeither
said or
did something extremely wrong.
Agent: Likewhat, for instance? Subject: Well, it could have been

T
his
that [sexual] performance was
92, 92 _._ inadequate. She might have thought
itwas. Or he might have thought
it
was and she said
something about
i.l.t=-
it.

i ii / 4 / =
92 Q This conversation
murderer was
illustrates that
able to provide
the
a

92i Q. .-3 _g reason sexual inadequacy! for the

A .
being
crime committed and suggests

ii that the intent to kill was triggered

action through
an
ess within
the
into
internal dialog
offender.
proc-

Often someone who denies justi-

fies his her
or actions by
blaming
someone else. In our study, for exam-
ple, amurderer justified his killing
by
describing the victim as a"tramp."
One reason amurderer may not be
able to admit
the is
crime that admis-
sion would destroy his premise of jus-
tification.
Obtaining information from sus-
is
pects acritical technique for law
enforcement. Well-developed skills in
intenriewing can provide important in-
formation, which can be linked with
data.
crime scene Through the use of
various interviewing techniques, the
investigation can maximum
receive
benefit from the interview process.
1:15
t
V.-. if
2. gi.
=2 sé
it.=;s
".
;.
Grime ibiilems
é

1%
._ é.
Y.

r
Q
The
Z
Lust Murderer
. On August29, 1975,
the nude,the
it isthe authors contention
that
lust murder unique
is and
is distin-
? By ROBERT HAZELWOODmutilated body
Fl. ofa25-year-old
mother guished the sadistic homicide
from by
4 and JOHN E. DOUGLAS two was found
oi near Columbia,
S.C. the involvement
ofamutilatingattack
$~ Both breasts
hadbeen
removed, the or
Special Agents
Behavioral Science
Unit reproductive system
had been dis- displacement
the breasts, rectum,
of
or genitals.
Further, while thereare
/: FBI Academy placed, numerous
cut and
stab wounds
always exceptions,
basically two
types
i~ Ouantica, Va. were evidenced
the body, and
by there of individuals
commit the
murder.
lust
was indication
anthropophagy.
of These individuals
be labeled as
will the
This wasthe sceneof alust mur- Organized Nonsocial
and theDisor-
der, one
of themost heinous
crimes ganized Asocial
personalities.
e committed
man. While
by not acom-
mon occurrence,
it isone which
fright-The OrganizedNonsocial
ens and
arouses the
public as
does no The organized
nonsocial nonso-
other crime. cial! lustmurderer exhibits
complete
primaryconcern are
Of fac-
those indifference the interests and
to
torswhich
differentiate the lustmurderwelfare of society and
displays an
irre-
from themore commonsadistic homi- sponsible and self-centered attitude.
cide, physical
evidence presentat the While disliking
people ingeneral, he
scene may assist determining
which in does not avoid them.
Instead, heis
the responsibleindividual s!, and capabledisplaying
of amiable
an fa-
possible personality
characteristics
of cadefor
as as it takes
long manipu-
to
the murderer.
lt is not theauthors late people
toward his
own personal
contention
the material presented
that He isamethodical
goal. and cunning
is applicable suchcrimestheir
toall or individual, as
demonstratedthe
in
perpetrators,that perpetration
but the major-
rather ofhis crime. Heisfully
ity of
the crimes
and offenders cognizant
involved the
of criminality
his
of act
setforth. and its
exhibit the characteristics
will impact on
society, and
it isfor
The datapresentedhave
here not this reason
that hecommits thecrime.
but arebased uponHegenerally
been quantified, lives some distance
from
the authorsexamination
case re- the crime
of scene and
cruise, seek-
will
ports, interviews
with investigative
per- ingavictim.Dr. Robert
P. Brittain,
sonnel, and
acareful reviewof
the author ofSadistic Murderer," has
"The
literature.
variations of
Minor the terms stated, They
sadistic murderers! are
used may occur, depending
on the excited by
cruelty, whether
books or
in
source of
reference. in films,infact
or fantasy." 2

Published
the Federal
Bureau
by Investigation,
of Department
U.S.
Iustice!
oi
Reprinted
thefrom
Law
FBI Enforcement
Bulletin,1980.
April,
129
1?
if.2

?/2
ts
4.
F?

W
! ;
as
-<

xi?

=,;&#39;

Z2
.;.:.-
ii

1;ik
..t-its,
The Disorganlzed
Asocial
The disorganized
asocial asocial!
lust murderer
exhibits primary
charac-
teristics of
societal aversion.
This indi-
vidual prefers
his own
companythat
to
of othersand wouldbe typifiedas a
loner. Heexperiences difficulty
in ne-
155,, gotiating interpersonal
relationships .,.¢
% and consequently
feelsrejected
and
.11¢ lonely. He
lacks the
cunning of
the
nonsocial type
and commitscrime
the
W inamorefrenzied and
less methodical
manner. Theis
crime likely tobe
com-
in
mitted close proximity
to his resi-
5%:
é dence or
place ofemployment,
where
feels
he secure andmore at
ease.
f
The Crime
The lustmurder is premeditated in
the obsessive fantasies ofthe perpe-
trator. Yet,the killer may acton the
.-,
3-&#39;
4.
spur-of-the-moment"
the
when op-
I51portunity presents
itself. That
is tosay,
the murderer
has precisely
planned the
&,: his fantasies, but
crimein has notcon-
.= =2%§
sciously decided
to actout those
fanta-
sies untilthe moment of the crime.
1 Consequently,victim
the is
typicallyun-
M
known tothe killer,
afact borne outby
¢ the casesstudied bythe authors.
§ The locationof the victim&#39;s body
2 may beindicative the
of typeof mur-
derer involved.
Typically, the
asocial
2 type leaves
the body
at thescene
of
4 death, andwhile thelocation isnot
open tocasual observer, there
the has
been noattempt toconceal the
body.
~, Conversely,nonsocial
the type com-
; mits the inasecludedor isolated
crime
location and
may later
transport to
it an
4
*1

-1;;
~&#39;
?_.
57
finger, alock ofhair, ora partof
the
Dr.de
River comments that the body with sexual association.
The sou-
While there may beno conscious in- instrument itself may besymbolic tovenir
5 tent tobe arrested,the nonsocialtype the murderer is taken toenable themurderer to
andhemay place itin a relive thescene inlater fantasies.
The
the
wants excitement derived
from theposition near the victim.
Thisisa form killer here is acting
out his
fantasy, and
.% publicity about the body&#39;s
discoveryof pride and exhibitionistic
behaviorcomplete possession of thevictim is
and itsimpact onthe victim&#39;s
commu- and canbe sexuallygratifying him.
to
g.
/5
part of
that fantasy.
As previously
men-
The investigator
may findthat the
% nity. Thelust
rs
5» murder is committed in a
victim has
been bitten
tioned, theperpetrator may
on thebreasts, anthropophagic act
commit an
.2 brutally sadistic
manner. While the vic- and suchan act
is
tim may
be either female, thebuttocks,
male or neck,abdomen, thighs,
genitals, as
these body
or
areas haveindicative ofasocial involvement.
7»
crime ispredominantly heterosexual
sexual associations.
Limb or breast Finally, the
scene itself
will exhibit
and intraracial
in nature.
The victim samputation,
inor
some total much lessphysical evidence
instances when the
body exhibits
gross mutilation
and/or dissection, may
taken
have place. Dis- murderer isthe nonsocialtype.
As stat-
displacementthe
of breasts,
rectum, or ed, the individual categorized as the
genitals may
and have
been subjected nonsocial type
is very cunning and
to excessive
stabbing or
slashing with The lust murder is more methodicalthan theasocial type,
a sharp
instrument. victim&#39;s
The death who commitsamore frenzied assault.
typically occurs
shortly following
ab- premeditated inthe lt isinteresting to note,however, that
duction orattack, andthe mutilationobsessive fantasies of both types may becompelled toreturn
that takesplace follows
death. Dr.
J. to the scene, albeit for different rea-
de River notes
Paul in hisbook, Crime the perpetrator. sons. Whilethe asocial
type may return
and theSexual Psychoparh: to engagein further mutilation orto
after section of the victim s body, when relive the experience, thenonsocial
The lust murderer, usually,
cuts, committed
killing hisvictim, tortures, bythe nonsocialtype, may type returns
be anattempt tohinder theidentifica-
to determine
if thebody
or
maims slashes the
victim inthe has beendiscovered andto check on
regions on
or about tion ofthe victim.
the genitalia, The asocial
individual
rectum, breast approaches his
in thefemale, and victim inmuch the the progress
of theinvestigation. in-
stances haveoccurred whenthe non-
about theneck, throat and but- same wayas aninquisitive with a social type changed the body&#39;s
child
usually these partscon- new
tocks,as toy. He involveshimself in an location to insure its discovery.
exploratory examination
of thesexually
tain strong
sexual significance
to significant parts
of the body inan
at-
Of interestis the almost obsessive
him, andserveas sexual stimu- tempt todetermine how desire of the nonsocial type to assess
they functionthe policeinvestigation, even
lus. 3 to the
lf, however,
there isphysical or and appearbeneath the
surface. extent of frequenting police hang-
Occasionally, itwill be noted that
medical evidence
indicating the
victim the murderer outs" to eavesdropon discussions of
has smeared the victim&#39;s
was subiected
to torture
mutilation blood
or unsolved crimes,or in some manner,
prior death,
to this that on
factor indicates
surface on which the
himself, thevictim,or
body rests.
the inserting himself
into theinvestigation.
This ln onecase, themurderer returned
the perpetrator
was the
nonsocial rath-
activity ismore frequently
associated
to
er than the asocial type. the sceneafter it had beenexamined
Seldom will a with theasocial type
the lustmurderer use and relatesto the
by policelaboratory technicians and
firearm tokill, for he experiencestoo uncontrollable frenzy
the attack.
of
Penis penetration deposited
of thevictim is thevictim articles
of clothing worn by
little psychosexual gratification with on the dayshe died.In both
such an impersonal weapon. Most fre- not to be expectedfrom the asocial of twoother cases, the killervisited the
quently, results from
death strangula- ated withthebut
individual, is predominantly
nonsocial
associ- cemetery site of the victim andleft
type, evento articles belonging
tion, blunt
force, or the useofapointed, to thevictim onher
sharp instrument. type isthe
The asocial extentof
"necrophilia." 5These ac-
tivities onthe nonsocial part
s reflect
grave.isIt asthough he
were involved
more proneto usea weapon oppor-
of in a"game withthe authorities.
Such
tunity and
may leave the scene, his
it at desireto outragesociety andcall actions appear to furtherhis willto
while the
nonsocial type the attention
may carry to
acceptance.
his totaldisdain for
The asocial
societal power"6or desire to
type more
control.
murder weapon with himand takeit
when departingthe scene. Therefore,commonly
the body
inserts
orifaces
foreign objects
in
a probing
into
and
the murdererchoice
s of
weapon and
curiosity-motivated, brutal,
yet manner.
its proximity
the scene can
to be greatly
Evidence ofejaculation maybe found
significant the
to investigation. on or near
the victimor
her clothing.
Frequently, the
murderer will
take
a"souvenir," normally anobject or
article ofclothing belonging
to thevic-
tim, butoccasionally may
it bea more
personal reminder
of theencounter a

131

Liv &#39; " ~"IHWIP1r&#39;

~*
 The individual designated by the sadistic
These [fantasies] seem
Portrait of the Lust Murderer
authors as the organized nonsocial always to have preceded the bru-
What set of circumstances create tal act of/ust murder. These
fanta-
the individual who becomes the lust type harborssimilar feelingsof hostil-
ity, butelects notto withdrawand inter- sies take all sorts of
grotesque
murderer? The authors do not possess and cruel
forms. The pervert, on
the expertise to explain the multiple nalize his hostility. Rather, he
overtly
this level
of degeneracy, may re-
and complex associated expresses it through aggressive and
casual factors sort to pornographic pictures, gro-
with the psychological development of seemingly senseless
acts againstsoci-
ety. Typically, begins
he to demon- tesque and cruel
literary episodes,
individual
the who commits such ahei- out of which he fantasies.
weaves
nous crime. it
But, is generally ac- strate his hostility as he passes
through puberty and into adolescence. On these, his imagination dwells
cepted that
the foundation ofthe per- until he loses
all contact with reali-
sonality is formed within the first
few He would be described as atrouble-
ty, only to find himself suddenly
life. While extremestress, fre- maker and a manipulator of people,
yearsof impelled to carry
his fantasies into
quent narcotic use, or alcohol abuse concerned only for himself. He experi- world
the of actuality. This is done,
ences difficulties with family, friends,
can cause personality disorganization apparently, by drawing human ob-
in later
life, it is the early years that are into
iects the fantasy."
critical to the personality structure and The lust murder is James Russell Odom, tried
and
development. committed in abrutally convicted with James Clayton Lawson
Seldom does
the lust murderer for the brutal lust murder described at
come from an environment of love and
sadistic manner.
beginning
the of this article, stated that
understanding. It ismore likely that he and
while he Lawson were
at amental
was an abused or neglected child who and authority figures" through antiso- institution, they would express their
experienced a great
deal of conflict in cial acts which may include homicide. fantasies about women:
his early life and was unable to develop Thomas Strentz and Conrad Hassel, in
Odom! raping them and Lawson
and use adequate coping devices i.e. the June 1978 issue of Journal of P0- mutilating them .. . we had
fan-
defense mechanisms!. Had he been Science
//ce and Administration, wrote tasized so much that at times I
able to do so, he would have withstood of ayouth who had first murdered at didn&#39;t know
what was real." 9
the stresses placed on him and devel- the age of 15 and was committed to a If he acts out the fantasy commits
oped normally in early childhood. It mental institution. After
his release, he
the crime!, his goal will be to destroy
must be emphasized that many individ- murdered and dismembered eight wom- the victim and thereby become
the
uals are raised in environments not en. 7It is thenonsocial s aim toget
sole possessor.James
Lawson men-
conducive to healthy psychological de- even with society and inflict pain and
tioned above! is quoted as saying:
velopment, yet they become
produc- punishment upon others. Then I cut her throat soshe
tive citizens. These stresses, would not scream. . . .at this
The Role of Fantasy
frustrations, and subsequent anxieties, time I wanted to cut her body so
As noted, the lust murder is
along with the inability to cope with she would not look like aperson
premeditated in obsessive fantasies
them, may lead the individual to with- and destroy her so she would not
experienced by both the asocial and
draw from the society which he per- exist. I began
to cut on her body.
I
nonsocial murderers. Fantasy provides
ceives as hostile and threatening. remember cutting her breasts off.
them an avenue of escape from a
Through this
internalization proc- After this, all I remember is that I
of
world hate and rejection. Dr. James
he
ess, becomes secluded and iso- kept cutting on her body." °
J. Reinhardt in his book, Sex Perver-
lated from others and may eventually The victim may represent some-
sions and Sex Crimes, has written:
select suicide an
as alternative to alife thing he desires sexually, but is unable I
"A study of these
cases almost
of loneliness and frustration. The au- to approach. Lawson speaks again, l
invariably reveals a long struggle
have
thors designated this reaction to did not rape
the girl. I only wanted to
against what
Reik calls the for-
life as disorganized asocial. This type destroy her.
ward thrust. By fantasy the mur-
possesses apoor self-image and se-
attempts
derer to wall himself in
cretly rejects the society which he feels
against the fatal act, while at the
rejects him. Family and associates
same time gratifying the compul-
would describe him anice, quiet per-
sive psychic demands in the de-
son who keeps to himself, but who
velopment and use of fantasy.
quite
never realized his potential. Dur-
ing adolescence, he may have en-
gaged in voyeuristic activitiesor the
theft of feminine clothing. Such activi-
ties serve as asubstitute for his inabil-
ity to approach women sexually in a
mature and confident manner.

132
- - :"
f ,l
l

A profile
is based
on characteristic
The organized
nonsocial type
is theasocialpatterns
Rarely encountered factors
or uniqueness
of that
feels rejection
by andhatred the
for
type who
is capable
of normal
hetero-distinguish individuals
certain the from
societywhich
in he
lives. His
hostile
sexual relationships.
He may desiregeneral population.
the case
ln of lust
feelings manifested
are overtly,
and
but healso fearsmurder, clues
such relationships, to those factors of the lust
murder the
is final
expression
them. Dr.
Reinhardt,anoninterview are on the victim&#39;s
uniqueness found of thehatred he
feels. Thedisorgan-
wrote; b ody and
withafamouslust murderer, at the
scene and would in- ized asocial
typealso
feels rejection
. .he at
first denied at-
ever the amount location
clude and muti-of and
hatred for hisworld, but
withdraws
tempting sex any play
with girls. lation involved,type of
weapon used,and internalizes
his feelings,
living
Two dayslater with his rarecausedeath,
one of of the
andposition
of thewithinworld
a fantasy
of until
he acts
showsemotion
of said,
he looking body. The profiler searching
is for
out that
fantasy with
his victim.
much ashamed, that twice,later clues which indicate theprobable commonalitiesexist in
While the
correcting himself
to eighttimes,personality configuration
of the
respon-commission theoflust
murder, there
he hadtouched girls on the sible individual. are certain
factors which
may indicate
breasts then
and pressed on the the personality
type involved.
These
Always having done
leg. this, he The location the
of factors include
the location
of the
would immediately
burst into
tears
unable to victim s body
may be body, evidence
and beupset and
of torture
mutilation
or
indicative of having occurred
priorto
death,smear-
sleep . 12 - the type
1 ing of
the victim
blood,s evidence
of
The Psychological
Profile
of murderer
involved. penis penetration
or anthropophagy,
A psychological
profilean
is edu- ln and the availabilityphysical
of evi-
preparing
the profile,
it isprefer-dence at the scene.
cated attemptto provideinvestigativeable have to access to the
scene prior The crime is premeditated
in the
agencies specific
with information
as to itsdisturbance.most ln instances, obsessive fantasies
experienced by
thetypeindividual
to of who thisis
committed impossible. ln lieu
of beingat theboth the asocial and
the nonsocial
a certaincrime. mustlt beclearlyscene,
the profiler must be provided types, ityetisa crimeof opportunity,
statedthe at outsetthat whatcan beinvestigative reports, autopsy proto- one in
which the victimnot
is usually
done inthis area and pre-cols, detailed
is limited, photographs the of body,
known tothe murderer.
scribed investigative procedures scene, surrounding
and asarea,
well The use of psychological
profiling
should be notsuspended, altered,
or asamapdepictingvictim&#39;s the last in such crimes may of assistance in
be
replaced receipt
by aprofile.
of Rather, known location in relation
to its
present determiningpersonality
the in-
type
the material
provided should be con- location and any known information volved. is lt
asearch clues
for indicat-
sidered and employedanotheras pertaining
in- tothe victim and her ing the probable personality
vestigative Thetool.process
is anart activities. configuration the responsible
of individ-
and not
ascience, and whileit maybe There are violent crimesin which
ual s!.is ltauseful tool,
but must not
applicable manyto types
of investiga-there isan absence of uniquenes$1
alter, suspend,replace
or prescribed
tions, its
use is to therefore,
restricted primarily is not
it possibleprovide
to a
crimes ofviolence or potential &#39; &#39;
profile. this&#39;
However, likelyinvestigative procedures.
10
not&#39;
is FBI
violence. occur the
in case
ofalustmurder.
When prepared
by theFBI, the Footnotes
Anthropophagy.the
Consuming
victim&#39;s
flesh or
profile may
includeperpetrator
the s
Summary Robert
blood. Brittain,
P. Sadistic
The Murderer,"
Medical
age, race,
sex, socioeconomic
and While notacommonoccurrenc
9.
Sciencethe
and
Law,
vol. lv
970!,202.
p.
marital status, educationalarrest level,the lust
murder frightens
and arouses J. Paul
de Ftiver,
Springfield,
and
Crime
Charles
lll.:
Thomas,
the Sexual
Psychoperh
C. p.1950!,
40.
lo tionof residence
history, ca in relation the public
as does
other
no crime. The J. Paul
do River,
The Sexual
CHM/ l Spnnglield,
lll.:
to thescene, and
&#39; onality
certain pers lust murder
involvesdeath
the eandCharles
Thomas,
C. 1950!,233.
Necrophilia:
desire Ap.for thewith
relations dead.
traits.
subsequent mutilating
attack th
of
of
CalvinHall
Persona/iry,
5. and
ed. New
York;
Lindsey Gardner,
2d Wiley
JohnSons,
Theories of
and lnc.,
breasts, rectum,
and genital
areas
the victim.
The crime typically
is het- Thomas
1970!. and
Strentz
Conrad
V. Hassel,
The Socio-
erosexual intraracial
and in and Dath A Criminal
nature Enigma"
Administration,
.
June
Joumal
Po/ice
0!
1978!.
Science and
committed
is by one
of two
types of JamesReinhardt,
J. Perversions
Sex Sexand
"at Crimes Springfield,
lll.; Charles
C. Thomas,
1957!, pp.
individuals: disorganized
The asoci Statement
208 209. Odomof reported
as The
by Flecord
personality,
the organized
or nonsoci
newspaper!
7,April
1976,
l-A.
8| &#39;made
Statement
South
to Carolina
law enforcement
personality. authorities
Jamesby Clayton
LawsonSeptember
on 3,
1975.
"/bid.
"Reinhardt, pp.
221-222.

1 33

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 "1" I 92

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5V. 1%
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I?

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*1

L
3
1?,

Rape and d er
Rape-Mur :OneOffender and
Twelve Victims

Robert
K. Ressler,
M.S., Wolbert
Ann Burgess,
D.N.Sc.,
john
and
Douglas,
E- M.S.

it

X
{ta
5?
ii
1;?
.31
&#39;43
U
V;
as

ii
éii
1%

3
z

135

Am] P:_vrbia!r!&#39;
1-H!-I. _]mmar_92~
.&#39;~}8_§
RAPE 921URDER

Rape and
Rape~Murder:Offender
One Twelve
and Victims
Robert Ressler,
K. M.S.,
Ann Wolbert
Burgess, D.-N.Sc.,
and john
E. Douglas,
M.S.

high school,
when he
was involuntarily
withdrawn
This study
analyzes data
pertainingto
12. rapes and from school
due toexcessive absenteeism
and lackof
rape-murders committed
by onemale adolescent progress.
He wasof averageintelligence andhad aspiredto
offender over
.1 4-year
period. All
offenses except
the attend college.
He was
athletically inclined
and played
rst were
committed while
the offender
wasunder league baseball. He wasoutgoing, often attended
psychiatric and
probationary supervision.
The use
or social events,and hadaclose circle offriends, both
relinqiiishment
violence
of the
by offender
wasfound male andfemale.He
saw himself as.1 leader,not .-1
to bedependent
subtle interpersonal factors.
on The follower. &#39;
authorsstress
the importance ofthe useof
crime The offender&#39;s
antisocial behavior
was first
recorded
data
scene and interviews
of patientswho have when he
was age9, whenhe and3 otherboys were
committed sex
crimes, the
role ofpsychological caught by
the school
principal writing
cusswords on
pro lesin
apprehension
of suspects,
and the the sidewalk.
The boyswere required to washthe
contribution oflaw enforcement
asadata resource.sidewalk until
the wordswere removed. His criminal
Amj Psychiatry
140136-40, 1983! record started
when he was age 12 withussaultive and
disruptive behavior
involving breakinginto anapart-
Rape-murder,
acrime
of increasing
concern
society, results
our in
from one
ment and
another in he
person killing
stealing property
wascharged with
valued at
S 100. .-92t age
13
driving withoutan operator&#39;s
the context
of power,sexuality, and license; age
brutality. .-92l- at 14 he was charged with burglary and
though the
literaturereplete
is with rape and
reports onthe committedminor
2 acts
of pettylarceny as-
murderer, itis relativelysilent onthe victim.This well asstealingacar. He readilyadmitted using
alcohol and
drugs of
all types
from his
early teen
years.
omission from
the clinicalliterature signi cantly
im-
pedes our
understanding variablesa in He
theofpossible worked
years
sporadically throughout
part
as of
aprogramwhereby
his highschool
attended
he school
rape assault
and handicaps
our progress
in victimolo-in themorning and
worked in
the afternoon.
gy. Tocontribute
the study
to of rape-murder, weThe offender was sent
out ofstate toapsychiatric
report on
12. rapes
committed aby
maleteenager over
residential facility
following the
rst felony
of rapeand
a 4-yearperiod inwhich 5of hisvictims were
mur- burglary age
at 14.
During his
18-month stay
he
following
dered the rape. received individualinsight-oriented psychotherapy,
and the
discharge recommendation
was that
he liveat
PROFILE OFTHE OFFENDER
attend
home, public school,
and continue
psychothera-
py onaweeklyoutpatient basis,
with hismother
The offender,
born 24years ago
actively involved
in histreatment. Three
in the.92/lidwest, wasreturning home
weeks after
the youngestof 3children and had an older adoptedcharged with from theresidential facility
he was
brother andnatural sister.
It is reported that attempted armed
i&#39;obbery
he wasan tended tobe rape.1t took1year for himto come in-
-an act
Rh baby and required
acompleteblood transfusion
at
suffered nomajor health before
birth. He has reportedly judge
a for
sentencingthis
that timehe hadcommitted the
on charge,and in
rst rapeand murder
problems. parents
The separated
and divorced
when but hadnot yerbeen charged for thatoffense. The
he wasage 7,and bothparents remarried shortly dispositionthe
onattempted
armed robberywas pro-
thereafter.contimied
He live
to with
his mothereven bation and
outpatient psychotherapy;
he had
served S
though her
second marriage
dissolved he was 1&#39;1.
when months when
he wasapprehended the
for5murders.
He completed
age-level workuntil hissenior year
in His psychiatric
diagnoses according
to DSM-II have
included adolescent
adjustment reaction.
character dis-
Received April
1&#39;.revised
1931; Oct.
13. 1981;
.ic:epted .92lov.
4.
without
order psychosis. and
multiple personality.
At
From the Behavioral
1931. Science Unit. Quunrico. the timeof his arrest forthe murders
FBI .92c:iderriy. the youngman
V-.i.; .1l&#39;92d
Boston CityHospital. Boston. reprint was 19
.92l.iss. Address years old,weighed kg. 65 and
was 170cm tall.
requests.921r.
to Ressler.
FBI .-92c:idemy.
Quantico. 10135.
V.-92 He was given5life sentences the
for 5rape-murders.
Supported partinby
.92&#39;.itional
of justice
lnsrirute After Zyears ofincarceration, admitted
grant CK-I!l!b5. he to6
Copynght 1933 .92rneric.in Psychiatric
.92ssuci.ition 0001-953K
additional rapesfor whichhe wasnever charged.
S3-U1-l!l 6-0S:Sl!l!.5i!.

137 Am Psychiatry140:1, janiitiry

_/ I983
 DOUGLAS
RESSLER.BURGESS..-92.92&#39;D

PRQFILE
QFTHEVIQTIM5 1. of
TABLE
Escalation
theCriminal anAdolescent
Behavior
of Bey
Boys Vic:irn&#39;s
.-92ll of
the 12 victimswerefemale.andtheyrepre- .-92ge .-92ge
years Offense -&#39;Cill. SDisposition
sented ditterentethnicgroups.They rangedin age
from17&#39;
to 34 years
andwereolderthantheotifender ll
1 to 15 years.
by Several
victims weretallerand
heavier
thantheoffender.of
Nine themweretotal ll
strangers 3
to him;heknew by sight.
of
Two 9
the 13
womenwhowerestrangers
to himrecognized
him
of
afterhiscapture.
.92i1ost of
thevictims
were middle- 14
income
status,andthemajoritylivedin theapartment l-l»
complex
where
theolfender
lived .-92ll
withhismother.
of the
victims 1
except school
high studentwere 14
employed full-time positions as
andworkedin such
teachers,postalsupervisors,
stewatdesses,
storebuyers,airline
andadministrative
assistants.of
Some 16
also
them hadpart-time
theircollege
iobsand/orwerecontinuing
of
education.
Most thevictims werenot 16 Perrylarcencv
Disrupringschool
of
havechildren.
Five
known
married;severalweredivorced.Two were
the womenweretapedand
to
16 Driving without an
operator":license
murdered;
5 weretapedonlybytheoffender;
andZ Burglaryand rape
weregangraped.
Oneescaped
fromtheoffender
could commita sexcrime.s.92ilost
beforehe of -the 16 Pettylarceny 15

victims
wereapproached
at knifepointastheyentered 17 Breakingand
theelevator
in theirapartment building.All rape- entering
murdervictimswereabducted
fromthesamelocation,
killedin different
areas,
andfoundfullyclothed.
The 13P~=i==
timespent
inlocating
to 6 weeks.
theirbodies
ranged
from1 day
13Kw 2.5
15 Probation
Burglaryand rape
codeiendanrl
19 Rape codetendanti Probation
DATA COLLECTION
19
Attempted.irn&#39;92ed
robbery
Rape
if Casecontinueduntil
lllth
his bii&#39;ti&#39;92i.lav
Data werecollectedin two ways:throughinterviews Rapeand murder $ent to state_9sv-
withtheoffender of
andcompletion guide
aninterview 19 Rapeand murder ZS
chiatriccenter
11 psy-
Sentto state
andthrough of police
theuse reports,
courtevaluation Rapeand murder
chiatriccenter
records,of
photographs crimesceneinvestigations, R-19¢
Sentto statepsv-
andmedical examiners
to theinterviews
reports.. 92n
obviouslimitation
washavingto relyon theoffender&#39;s
15 ci-iiatnccenter
Never charged
memory of
andreconstruction
wascountered
thecrimes.
Thisbias
with documentation from.prisonand 1-l Never charged
Never charged
On
courtrecords. theotherhand,theoffender&#39;s
admis-
sion of 6 additionalrapesadds to the data not ll Never charged
Probationand
available
through
official
channels.
Another
method- outpatient:her:ipv
ological
drawback
wasthattheinformation
onwhat 34 Never charged
Lire imprisonment
victims
saidanddidcamefromtheodender. 15 Lire imprisonment
Life imprisonment
Never charged
FINDINGS . 19 Rape
andmurder 17 Lireimprisonment
19 Rapeandmurder 14 Lireimprisonment
of
Theanalysis thedatasuggests
thattheoffender&#39;s
criminal
behaviorchanged ways;
in twomaiot The
sexualaggression
escalated
fromrapeto rapeand homicides-
werenotlinkedto oneottender
anddid not
murder,andtheoffenses increased_in
frequencyover appear
toinclude
rape
untilhewas
apprehended
and
time seetable&#39;1
Of special
,-. notearethefactsthat 1!
exceptthe rstwere described the offenses.
all rapeandmurderoiifenses
committedwhilehewasunderpsychiatric
supervisionRapeandIntended Rape:TheFirstT Offenses
andonprobation,
13-
the6 rapes
thatwere
notcharged
to him were also committedwhile he was under The rstrapewithwhichtheoffender
wascharged.
psychiatric on probation,
supervision
and and31the5 when he was 1-1»,
occurredin the apartmentnext to
wherehelivedwithhismother.He hadreturned
home
froma partyandhadgoneto bedbut wokeup
-.-1m
j Psychiatry
HO.-1, 138
].:n:iary
1933 fantasizing
aboutthe25-year-old
divorced
neighbor
womanwhooftenemployed
himforsmallerrands.
He
gotup.wentoutside
wearing:1skimask.
scaled
the
apartment
walllike.1 catburglar."
andentered
the
woman&#39;s
third- oorapartmentthroughthe balcony
door.Heraped
thewoman
several
times.
leftthrough
 i- l Iimllt l

[, -.
l

RAPE 92lbRDER
The offender&#39;s
useeither
of verbal
or physical
strate-
residentialHe facility.
forced
the woman point gies
atknife assert
to response.
victim&#39;s
over
control
victim
the
initial
victim
depended
Thewas
on the
who compli-
to drive
to
third and
her
apartment,
fourth rapes
hewhere
with which
raped
her.
he was
The
neverant when
he showed aweaponreceivedadditional
no
charged codefendants.
included onaweekend
Whilethreatsorders.
or Victims
who screamed
received
pass, offender
thefacility
residential stole
Zcar,
other
and
patients
the
from
a traveled
outof
verbal threats,
and those
state, were physically
who refused
to cooperate
struck.
broke
raped ahouse,
into
a stole
17-year-old guns
who 2girl
money,
and
was
in the each
house. andThe
Interaction Between
Offender and Victim

offender returned
home; however,
his mother
immedi-Reconstruction the victims
of talk and
actions as
ately him
sentback
to the
residential andfacility
heviewedthe from offender&#39;s
perspectivethatrevealed
was counseled
on his
runaway behavior.
Three months
conversation behaviorand toserved
either
neutralize
laterand
he another
patient to
wen_t
local
a swimming
pool.
12>; raped
broke
They
ayoung the
into
women
woman, her locker
covering s
and
room
or escalate
his affective
atowel. Murder victim
head
with state.
l, rapevictimThe
7. woman&#39
talk
t5/ The sixth
rape the fth forwhich was
he never She asked
which lway
wanted
it"! raised
the
f/-
¥, charged!
Committed
occurred
before
involved
andawoman
rape-murder
the
first he offender&#39;s
seenhis while
he had both
herlife
of style.
suspicion
were dressing,
Afterrape
he had
the
not decided
his
on
and
own apartment next action.
The woman&#39;s
sudden attempt
to escape
captured inbuilding.
the
her obtained
apartment Hetook
air to
an
pistol,
a triggered
elevator,
her inhimfeelings
anger
offrustration
and tha
iii? &#39; i &#39;
her hjacket,
resulted
inincreased
aggression.
stated:
He
f
storage room,
and, covering
her face
wit
er
er
is An attempted
armed robbery
raped hertwice. an act
intended She took
be tograbbedoff runningdownk.ravine.
the when That&#39;
l
at
rape! occurred
3 weeks
afterHe release
his awoman
the
from heril in
lher.
had oc Shewas bigger
an arm
&#39;
than
r. ..hshe stumbled
. . .werolled
£
;
residential treatment
facility. targeted me. l started chokinge
downhilltheand
into water.
the 1banged
her head
against
entering
donned
elevator
the the
askimask,held
and
of apartment
aknife
complex,
to her. the
She was side
ofarock and held
her head
under water.
< successful inescaping. Death determined
was be from
tostrangulation.
She broke
. . pushed
me out
of the
way and
startedMurder Z,
victim
rape
victimThe
8. woman&#3
talk
<2
goingthe
to front
of the
elevator,the
pushed
buttonconsisted
many
to whywanted of questions
She wanted
to know
open and
the started
door runto and
sheher l doto
stumbled. this;
latd have l pickeddidn
why her;t l
t
startedrunafter and
to her stumbled
over and that girl
a friend;
what my wasproblem;
whatwas l
»
point fell
the and was
knife she the
on ground going
holleringdo
to !,
which served
to annoy
The
him. wom-
andwasl on
thegroundtonext her,
scareddeath. an, talking
to .92ly while driving
the car,suddenlyon steppe
mind went blank.ran
l out thebuilding.was
of [Hethe accelerator
threatening
and attempted
drivero car
to counter
theinto
his control
.1 tree.
He turned
by
off
subsequently arrested.l
the ignition
and his
put foot
onthebrake.the and car
Rape andMurder: LastThe Offenses
6 slid sideways.
The car
stopped, the
andwomangot out
and across
ran road the screaming
for help.
He said:
The offenderselected lastthe
victims
6 random
at as
he watched cars drive
into the
apartment l go
complex into the
after
woods l see
her. run
her from
behind a l
where lived.
he Once
he targeted
avictim,
hewould tree ithat&#39;s
and
&#39;
l goafter when
From
her. on
then
knew
l
Alo and that&#39;s
when lcatch
walk behind
her, follow
her into
the apartment
eleva- hadtokill her. She
.trips
_ _ overg
_a_
tor, pull
his knife,
and her
tellwas
it aholdup.
Then up with
her and
l iust
start stabbing
er. . h

they would
leavebuilding,
the for
either
the
victim&#39;s
car for
or anarea near
the apartment
complex.oneln The victim was stabbed
H times
in the
chest.
casepattern
the reversed.
was offender wasMurder victim
Thehitch- 3, rape
victimThe 9. offender
hiking was
and given
a ride
byawomanwho was claimed hadhe decided
not he
whether
would
kill this
Z3
goingto
off ata in
parryhis
his building;apartment
complex.
he watched
her park let
her carhim
Shewoman.would
and know about
He let
the
nother
talk "The
the softer
women
more
got"!.
gotl to
l ordered
He
<, then across
ran complex,
the the
enteredwith herbe
elevator to quiet
and onturnthe
radio.described
He h
2! her, arid.
capturedthere.
herabductions
All mur-and
thinking asfollows:
it ders occurred
withinown his territory.
Thus, known
territoryadistinct
was advantage him.for"Goinglwas thinking. . . l ie
. killed
two might
l well
as kill
this
somewhere l didn&#39;t
thatknow wherethe copsone,
or ..too.
.Something&#39;
me waswanting
in kill..tol.
7?
ti patrolledget might
caught.
me knew l time
whatthetied up herwith her stockings andstarted
l walk to away
Z
cops came
by the
in morning
there."! lndeed,
he was right. One
because
l&#39;d
sitting
thereasons he
of
be. . thenl heard
around" &#39;
and
her &#39;
&#39;
making
through
the"-92woods
rnutfled
sounds. dkind rolling
of
l turned back
ngot. todo this
was caught
not afteruntil the
fth murder
was that
the and said,No, l haveto kill
&#39;
&#39; her. l&#39;ve to
police looking
were strangers
for
cious strangers-not
ateenager
living the
-especially
in area.
suspi-
preserveprotect
and myself.
 RESSLER, BURGESS,
nought;
mo

The woman
died from
21 stab to left different
wounds the reasons
Rada suggested,
than thelust-murderer. One
is that
in some
reason,
rapists there
appears to
side ofthe thoraxandupper
abdomen.
Rape victim
10. The had killtothis be
offenderdecided aprogressive
increaseaggressive
in
women thatover timemay eventually
fantasies
leadto
about
murder.
woman, but
her talking
saved her
life Shetold me The case we havereported suggests
that forsome
her father
wasdyingcancer"!.Her talk
of evidently rapists there
isaprogression
in theoffender&#39;sor intent
neutralized
aggression
his to due
his
identi cation with
the situation
l thought
of my who haddecision
own brother der_s the
making
toward killing.
offender made
With therst 3 mur-
the decision
to kill the women
cancer.
couldn&#39;t
l her. She
kill
had itbad already"!.
He during theperiod interactedwith them,
he in the
but
threw her
car keys
out ofthe windowand raninto
off last 2murders, he
decidedahead to
of time kill them.
had This casealso suggests
an additionaldimension to
the woods.
Murder victim
rape victim 11.
4, The offender motive inrape-murder. The
modern view of rape
decidedkill
to thiswoman. Her
resistance attempt
and regardsas
it an
act ofviolence expressing
power one
as
to escape
triggered his
violence. motive We
!. suggest
that the
psychological
of
motive
She scratched
me across
theface.
l got mad; power expands
she startedpower overfor the
rapist-murderer a from
need
for
to run.
l gotup
from falling down
and chased
her. She
ran one person lt wasareal turn onto
intoatree. l caughther. We over the realize thevictims weren&#39;t
wrestled, rolled reporting oridentifying
embankmentthe
into
water.
l landed
with my in me"! toaneedfor power
face the over collective
a group
lm
water.... That&#39;s
thewhere
idea
to drown
her came.
.. . too slick
for them"! thatincluded the
police, judges,
She was
ghting and
she was
strong but
l puther headpsychiatrists, and
psychologists.
under the
water and
just sat
with my hands
there on her This case
illustrates the
influence of
an individual&#39;s
neck. affective state
combined with various
when degrees of
intent tocommit
murder. A review
of theoffender&#39
The cause
of deathwas drowning. last 6 offenses suggests
that Z affective statesmay
Murder victim
5, rape
victim 12.
This woman&#39;s
talk influence thedecision tokill: Escalatingthe anger
led the
offender
realize that she
to knewhim.
This motive inthe rapistmay trigger aggressive behavior
knowledge escalated
his fear
of being
apprehended
aimed at
establishing dominance
and authority,
and
and, turn,
in led
him to
confess4previous
the murders.stimulating fear
and decreasing
the power
motive in
The decision
kill was made
to quickly. the rapist
may trigger
aggressive behavior
aimed at
We werewalking along,
through the self-preservation !.
culverts, under-
neath highway.
the That&#39;s
whenpulled
l the
out knife
and Interviewing PatientsCharged with
Crimes
without even
saying anything,
l stabbed
her ...maybe
50-100 times.
The factthat theoffender was
under psychiatric
He buriedthe victim&#39;s
body inashallowgrave. supervision he
when
committed
of his criminal
most
suggeststhat close
acts attentionpaid
be to
psychiatric
interviewing techniques.
We offerthe followingtwo
Behavior Following
the Murders
suggestions.
1. Wheninterviewingapatient who has been
Following each
murder, the
offender would
usually charged with
crimes, one
should pay
careful attention
take an
item of
jewelry from
the woman&#39;s
body for
a to thedeviant behavior
and focus
on alldimensions of
souvenir,back
go to the woman&#39;s
car and
search interactional
through her
purse formoney, drive for an the
her car it within
is
aspectsthe
agency
of crime.
policy,
one
If possible,
shouldgather
and if
supple-
extended period
of time,
park the
car several
blocks mentary dataregarding the-crime
scene; the
victim s
from his
apartment, retum
to his
apartment go
andto statements, police
interviews, oand
icial reports
and
bed, and
watch television
and newspapers
for reportstalk with staff whohave workedwith the patient.
about thediscoveryof
the body. These corroborating
data willlendaperspective
other
than the
patient s for
assessment
and
of challenge
to
the patient.
The interviewer
should maintain
ahigh
DlSCUSSlON index of
suspicion when
the patient
denies committing
or refuses
to talkabout the
crime ordeviant behavior
Psychodynamics
Rape-Murder
of and shouldconsider the
possibility that
he orshe is
concealing other
secretive and
dangerous behavior.
A
Some reports
have suggested
that rapists
rarely parallelbe
can
drawn
between
dynamics
the sexofand
murder ! but thatwhen theydo, themotives are secrecy ! and incestand treatment.
social rather
than personal;
that is,they
murder to 1. Rape
and attempted
rape behavior
should be
silence the
victim and
prevent detection
!. This viewedas
serious and chronic
and thus repetitive. The
motive differs
from lust-murder,
whereby sexuality
interviewer should
not assumethat apatient with a
and aggression
fuse into
a single
psychological experi~
historysexualassault has
of committedonly
it the
ence known
sadism !. RadaQ4! argued,
as and we number times
of
for he
which or she
is charged.
When
agree,
rapists are capable
that of murder
but for
-1 AH
 it l in.--ii, l

RAPE 92/iURDER

the patient
has been
under stress
and especially
at CONCLUSlONS
times
he or she
when has been
charged other
with
criminale.g.,
actsbreaking
and entering, Gapsexist
stealing cars, do fully
understanding
in acriminal
act
larceny!,
interviewer
the should inquire in general,
about concur- andasexual
homicide
particular,
in be-
1 assaultive
rent
supportbehavior
from rape
andorassociates
those
Grothfantasies.
Our
studyndings
each of the
of !cause various professionals
and disciplines
i involved work
with only
one part
of _the
picture.
.1?
convicted offenders
sex recommended Cooperation
for treatment. sharing
throughinformation
and col-
Those authors
reported each
thatoffender
had com-laborating
cases
on is often
not practiced
in the
w_orl<
mittedaverage
an 5 sexual
ofassaults
which he setting.
forwas undertook
We study this
address
to this gap
in
Af 51
;-
never apprehended, the transfer
and sharing
of criminal
data. Frazier
9!
encouragedresearch
theof step
developing
descriptive
;/ K5
.- 3;
Psychological Pro les patternsmurder
ofhuman
action,
as with caution
the
§:
.§ avoidsimple, reductionistic
to conclusions theabout
The fact that causes
murder.
of agree
We this
withposition
and
:;
E pro lethe ofapsychiatrist
offender
we
&#39;
wrote
have psychological
a
described thesuggests
encourage studies
across disciplines.
§ need forfurther workin t is area.
l1 The
psychological
g.
5- ,
pro leacritical
solved ln
iscrimes.
technique
acomparison of
police
inon
work
un-
thepro le the
with REFERENCES
&#39;97
~/ data obtained
from offender,
the points
twobecanl.Selkin
1: Rape.Psychology l975,
jun Today,
pp 70-71. J. 76
made.noFirst,
one
speculated
the that
murder
victims2. Podolsky
E: Sexualviolence.Digest Medical 34:64!-63.
I966
;
1 had been
taped.fact
Thethey
thatwere fully 3.Plenum
all found Groth
withBirnbaum
AN Wen H]:Rape.
Who York. New
clothedwithout
and clinical
evidence
sexual
of inter- Press,
l979, p44
&#39; i i b havior. Clinical
in
1
z course the
made
cases
seem
offender raping
admitted sexually
not
victims
the times.The
related.
4. Rada
severalThe
RT: Psychological
Aspects
factors
i Edit
the Rapist. e
of
rapist
in RT.
dby Rada e York,
New Grune dc
/
4 possibility
he had
that asexual
ejaculation--was dysfunction
considered
never
Second, -retarded
5.
8!. 6.
Groth
AN, Burgess
the
and sexuality.
Am]
Stratton. 1978
AW. Holmstrom
LL: Rape:
Psychiatry
power, anger.
134112.39-lZ43_ 1977
1
pro le report
speculated
because
that he targeted Burgess
AW, Holmstrom
adolescents: LL:
sex Sexual
trauma
pressure,
and
secrecy.children
0|
Clin
Nutsand
North
Am
;
women used
andunderwear
their to
bindthem,felt
he
hostility his
toward
mother.
lntcrview
suggested
data 7.l0:5Sl-563,
AN.l97$
Groth
rapists Longo
R. .92lcFadin
child
and B: Undetected
molesters.
Crime recidivism among
Delinquency
and 18:4
another authority
gure in
his life:
That woman
sent
judge meadiagnostic
to center. 8. Groth
AN, Burgess
That&#39;s AW: Sexual
dysfunction
4$8, l98Z
rape.
during
Engl
N
hat started
meresenting
off . authority.
.Nobody
could 1ma Z97:76-l-766, i977
9. Frazier
SH: Murder-
andsingle
multiple.
Aggression 5l:. ill
W do it.
3lZ. I974 _
tellme what
to do
or when
todo
it or how
to
=20 1Y7 q1¢,2¢.nzq
ci .5.
U GOVERNMENT
PRINTING OFFlCE.l

141
.-lm]Psychiatry 140:1, janimry
1983