Model AV-14AVQ

Four Bands Vertical Antenna

308 Industrial Park Road 10, 15, 20, 40 Meter
Starkville, MS 39759 USA Ph:
(662) 323-9538 FAX: (662) 323-6551

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
General Description Theory of Operation
The Hy-Gain 14AVQ/WB-S is an omnidirec- The use of heavy duty "Hy-Q Traps" provides
tional, self-supporting, vertical radiator that automatic band selection. The Hy-Q Traps
operates in the 10, 15, 20, and 40 meter are parallel resonant circuits which isolate
amateur bands. The system will work against the various sections of the antenna and give
earth ground or a resonant radial system when quarter wavelength resonance on all bands.
mounted above ground. You can make your The top hat enhances the broad-band
own radial system following the manual, or characteristics of the antenna and permits the
use the Hy-Gain 14RMQ Radial System Kit antenna to be shortened by top loading it.
available at your Hy-Gain dealer. WARNING

The antenna can be used for either Phone or When installing your system, take'
CW with either a ground or roof mount. It can extreme' care t o avoid any accidental
also be tuned to mid-band for use with either contact with'' power l i n e s or overhead
Phone or CW. In either case, the SWR band obstructions. F a i l u r e to exercise this
widths of the antenna are broad enough that care could result in serious or fatal
the antenna will operate at an SWR of 2:1 or injury.
less from 10 to 40 meters. The 14AVQ/WB-S
is supplied with stainless steel hardware and FOR OUR OVERSEAS CUSTOMERS: The
element clamps for all electrical and most United States used English units of measure-
mechanical connections. ments. Please see page 12 of this manual for
assistance in identifying the hardware and
components supplied with this product.
NOTE: If the terminals of the input connector Basically, the function of radials is to provide
are checked with an ohmmeter, they will show a low-loss return path for ground currents.
a direct short. This is normal! The matching The reason that short radials are sufficient.
coil in the antenna base puts the entire system when few are used, is that at the perimeter of
at DC ground, but present a perfect 50 ohm the circle to which the ground system extends,
impedance to rf energy the radials are sufficiently spread apart. Most
of the return currents are already in the
ground between the radials rather then in the
radials themselves. As more radials are added,
Choosing a Site the spaces between them are reduced and
The 14AVG/WB-s can be mounted on the longer lengths help to provide a path for
ground, on a rooftop or on a mast. When currents still farther out.
mounting the antenna more than three feet Since the 14AVQ/WB-S is a multi-band,
above ground, a resonant radial system must vertical antenna, the radial system should be
be used, such as Hy-Gain's 14RMQ Radial optimized on the lowest frequency you plan
System Kit. If the antenna is roof mounted to use. Higher frequencies will benefit
and the roof space is too small for a radial equally from the ground system, while lower
system, you can droop the radials over the frequencies will not show as much
edge of the roof at almost any angle without improvement.
seriously changing the performance of the To determine the optimum radial installation
antenna. The radial system must be insulated for your 14AVQ/WB-S, you must first decide
from the roof and connected to a good ground what is the limiting factor for your
for lightning protection. See Figure 5. installation.
1. Cost of radial wires
For best performance, the 14AVQ/VVB-S
should be ground-mounted clear of building
2. Land available for radials
and other structures. When the antenna is
ground-mounted, a radial system is
3. Efficiency of your antenna
sometimes not needed. In most areas, where
soil surface conductivity is poor and a good Table 1 shows some various ground system
ground plane is not possible, lay out ground configurations. System A is the least costly
radials to improve the efficiency of your and the least efficient. System F is the most
antenna. expensive, takes the most land and is the most
efficient.
Installation of Radials
There is no need to make radials exactly 1/4
wavelength long for the 14AVQ/WB-S. In
fact, the only case where you should have 1/4
wavelength radials would be for
approximately 90 radials. This differs rather
dramatically from the case of the Ground-
Plane antenna where resonant radials are
installed above ground. Since the radials of a
ground-mounted vertical are actually on, if
not in, the ground, they are coupled by
capacitance or conduction to the ground, thus
resonance effects are not important.
 Table 1 Optimum Ground System
Configurations

Phase Verticals for Assembly and Installation

Two or more 14AVQ/WB-S antennas may be Before you begin, read the instructions and
phased together to produce gain or directivity study the illustrations. Compare the parts
over one antenna. Refer to the Engineering against the Parts List.
Report entitled "Amateur Phasing" included
with this product. Decide where to mount your antenna (rooftop
or ground) and what mode of transmission you
will use (Phone, CW or Mid-Band). Take spe-
cial notice of the dimensions in Figure 1. The
SWR charts will help you decide which
dimensions to choose. See Figure 7.
Figure 1 Antenna Assembly
Dimensions
Tubing
Select the proper size tube clamps as shown in After adjustment of the tubing lengths, tighten
the chart. When installing the clamps, place the clamp with a 5/16 inch nut driver, socket,
the clamp near the tube end with the top of the or open end wrench until the tubing will not
clamp over the slot in the tube as shown in twist or telescope. DO NOT over-tighten!
Figure 2.

Figure 2 Tubing
Clamps
 CAUTION 15-Meter Trap and M3
Section Assembly
All of the antenna dimensions must be set Place two, untightened #10 tubing clamps
on the mode chosen - all CW, all mid- (Item No. 17) over the 1" x 8" long M3 section
band or all phone. Mixing dimensions in (Item No. 8). Slide the M3 section part way
an attempt to improve another mode on over the upper end of the 10-meter trap, then
certain bands will only degrade
slide the lower end of the 15-meter trap (Item
performance on all bands.
No. 14) into the M3 section. Set dimension
Refer to Figure 1 in assembling the main por- "C", as shown in Figure 1, and locate the M3
tion of the antenna. so that it is equally spaced between the two
traps.
Tighten the clamps around the ends of the M3
M1 and M2 Section just enough to keep parts from slipping. They
Put a #16 tubing clamp (Item No. 18), un- will be fully tightened later.
tightened, over the M1 section (Item No.
4)(the base is attached to it already). Slip the 1 20-Meter Trap and M4
1/8" x 52" M2 section (Item No. 7) into the Section Assembly
top of the M1 and set the M2 at dimension 'A', Assemble these two parts like you did the M3
as shown in Figure 1. Slide the clamp into and the 15-meter trap. Use two more #10
place around the top of the M1 and tighten it tubing clamps, the 1" x 6 1/2" long M4 section
just enough to keep the M2 from skipping. It (Item No. 9) and the 20-meter trap (Item No.
will be fully tightened later. 15).

NOTE: There is a threaded metal insert in one

end of the M5 section which will accept the
10-Meter Trap #10-24 x 1" bolt (Item No. 20), which will
Put an untightened #10 Tubing clamp (Item hold the top hat in place. The end with the
No. 17) over the M2 section, then slip the 10 insert must be at the top.
meter trap (Item No. 11), bottom first, into the
M2 section. (There is a plastic cover on the
top of all three parts.) Set the trap at M5 Section
dimension "C", as shown in Figure 1. Slip the
Put a #6 tubing clamp (Item No. 16), un-
clamp into place around the top of the M2
tightened, over the swaged end of the 20-
section and tighten it just enough to keep the meter trap. Slip the 7/16" x 56" long M5
trap from slipping. It will be fully tightened section (Item No. 10) into the swaged end of
later. the trap and set dimension "E", as shown in
Figure 1. Slide the clamp in place around the
top of the swaged end of the trap tube and
tighten it just enough to keep the M5 from
slipping. It will be fully tightened later.
Top Hat
Refer to Figure 3, Radial Top Hat Assembly,
in assembling the Top Hat
Push a 1/8" caplug (Item No. 19) on the end of
each top radial (Item No. 1). Installing the Antenna
AO-385S-A-007 Refer to the mounting details in Figure 4 and
5 to install the completed antenna.
AO-3855-A-006

Figure 3 Radial Top Hat

Assembly
Use the following pieces of hardware to attach Figure 4 Mounting
the three radial wires on the M5 section. Assembly
Tighten securely.
First mount the completed antenna on your
Bolt, hex #10-24 x 1" (Item No. 20) ...........1 mast (not supplied) as shown in Figure 4. Use
Flatwashers, #10 (Item No. 22) ..................4 the two U-bolts, 5/16" nuts and 5/16" lock-
Lockwasher, internal, #10 (Item No. 21) ..1 washers (Items Nos. 29,31 and 30).

Recheck all dimensions. Tighten all of the Use three (3) 1/4"-20 x 3/4" bolts, nuts and
lockwashers (Item Nos 24, 27 & 26) to attach
compression clamps securely in place. the insulator to the upper end of the mounting
bracket.
If you are roof mounting your antenna, use
four (4) sets of 1/4"-20 hardware for the
preceding step. Before tightening them, attach
two adjacent radials to each set of hardware
as shown in Figures 3 and 5. If desired, you
may use the four, 33 foot (10.058 m) radial
system shown.
NOTE: If your antenna is mounted more than
three feet (91.4 cm) above ground, a resonant
system must be added for proper operation.
The radial system can serve to guy the system
if insulators are used at the proper lengths
shown.
This system must be grounded for lightning
protection. Connect a ground wire to one U-
bolt on the antenna base and run it to a
buried, 8 foot (250 cm) ground rod by the
shortest route.

If you are ground mounting your antenna, in-

stall it as shown in Figure 4. You must install
an 8 foot (250 cm) ground rod as shown.

CAUTION

Keep the radials out of reach of children

or pets. They are HOT with RF
proportional to the power of the antenna.
 NOTE: RADIAL DIMENSIONS
MEASURED FROM BASE TO
INSULATOR.

PREFERRED
SYSTEM

Item No. Description

ALTERNATE SYSTEM
ALL RADIALS 33' (10.058 m)
24 Bolt, hex head, 1/3"-20 x 3/4" FROM BOLT TO INSULATOR

26 Lockwasher, internal, 1/4"

Figure 5
27 Nut, hex, 1/4"-20
Guying
Details
 Figure 6 Completed Installation of
14AVQ/WB-S

Hooking Up The Antenna 2. Because every antenna installation is

Connect your coax (RG-213/U) to the SO- influenced by the soil conditions and the
239 connector at the bottom of the mounting proximity effect of nearby objects, the
bracket. (Coax not supplied.) dimensions in the manual must be fine
tuned to put the antenna VSWR exactly
Weather seal the coax connection with Coax- where you want it on each band.
Seal© or an equivalent to prevent moisture
from shorting out the connection. 3. Beginning on 10 meters, make a VSWR
curve checking the low end, center and
Final Adjustment (Optional Fine Tuning Of high end of the band. This will indicate if
Your Installation) the antenna favors the low end or the
high end as installed.
1. The antenna operates progressively from
10 thru 40 meters. Even though you may a. If it favors the low end, shorten the 10-
not be using 10 meters at the present time, meter adjustment one inch or no more
10 meters must be adjusted, because any than 1 1/2 inches. Run another VSWR
adjustment made between the base and the measurement. Now you will have an
first trap automatically changes all of the indication of how far that distance
bands. moved the antenna in your location.
Make what additional adjustments are
indicated by the VSWR curve to put 10
meters exactly on the portion of the
band you desire as your center
operating frequency.

-
 b. If the antenna favors the high end, 6. Most verticals are monopole antennas or
lengthen the dimension correspondingly half of a dipole. For this reason, the soil
to move the antenna to a lower conditions, when the antenna is ground
frequency as outlined above. mounted, are important as it makes up the
other half of the antenna. When you roof
4. Next, repeat this same procedure for 15 mount the antenna, radials must be used as
meters to put that band on frequency. outlined in the assembly instructions, to
provide the other half of the antenna.
5. The same procedure is then used to set up
the 20-meter band, as well as the Lightning Protection
remaining bands available, depending For maximum lightning protection, we
upon the model involved. recommend the use of a Hy-Gain LA-1
Lightning Arrestor, available from your Hy-

Your antenna is now ready to use.

 PARTS LIST

Item Part No. Description Qty

No.
173499 Radial Top Hat .............................................................................3
1
2 871049 Base Assembly, 14AVQ ................................................................1
3 (not used)
4 190900 Tube, M1, 11/4" x 48", slotted ........................................................1
5 463056 Insulator, upper ...............................................................................1
6 523057 Screw, hex head, #10-24 x 1"..........................................................1
7 190303 Tube, M2, 11/811 x 52" ..................................................................1
8 190603 Tube, M3, 1" x 8"...........................................................................1
9 190605 Tube, M4, 1" x 6 1/2" ....................................................................1
10 877157 Tube, M5, 7/16" x 56" ...................................................................1
11 877132 Trap, 10 Meter ................................................................................1
12 464723 Trap Cap, 7/8" x 15/8"......................................................................1
13 461466 Trap Spacer ...................................................................................4
14 877131 Trap, 15 Meter ...............................................................................1
12 464723 Trap Cap, 7/8" x 15/8"....................................................................1
13 461466 Trap Spacer ...................................................................................4
15 877129 Trap, 20 Meter ...............................................................................1
12 464723 Trap Cap, 7/811 x 15/8"..................................................................1
13 461466 Trap Spacer ...................................................................................4
872013 Parts Pack, 385S, Stainless Steel ...................................................1
16 358756 Clamp, Tubing No. 6......................................................................1
17 358757 Clamp, Tubing No. 10....................................................................5
18 358758 Clamp, Tubing No.16......................................................................1
19 455624 Caplug, 1/8" diameter ....................................................................3
20 504069 Bolt, hex head, # 10-24 x 1" ..........................................................1
21 565697 Lockwasher, internal, #10..............................................................3
22 561165 Flatwasher, #10 .............................................................................4
23 555693 Nut, square, #10-24 .......................................................................1
24 505266 Bolt, hex head, 1/4"-20 x 3/4"........................................................4
25 (Not Used)
26 562961 Lockwasher, internal, 1/4"...............................................................5
27 554099 Nut, hex, 1/4"-20 ...........................................................................4
28 (Not Used)
29 543792 U-bolt, 5/16" x 15/8" x 21/4"...........................................................2
30 564792 Lockwasher, split 5/16"...................................................................4
31 555747 Nut, hex, 5/16"-18 .........................................................................4
Converting English Measurement to
Metric

Use this scale to identify lengths of bolts,

diameters of tubes, etc.. The English inch (")
and foot (') can be converted to centimeters in
this way.

1 inch (1") = 2.54 cm

1 foot (1) = 30.48 cm

Example:
 ADDENDUM
AMATEUR
PHASING
ENGINEERING REPORT
PHASED MULTI-BAND
VERTICALS for ADDITIONAL GAIN and
LOW ANGLE RADIATION

INTRODUCTION
The following Hy-Gain verticals are well
adapted for the phasing arrangements
shown in this reports
MODEL 18HT-S HY-TOWER
The 18HT-S is a multi-band vertical antenna
with automatic band selection of 10-80 meters
by means of a unique stub decoupling system.
The Hy-Tower with a base loading coil
operates efficiently on 160 meters. The system
is foolproof, fed directly with a single 50 ohm
coax. No guys are required for the 24 feet high,
self-supporting tower. The top mast extends
the height to 50 feet. Two units make an ideal
phased array.

MODEL 18AVT/WB-S

The 18AVT/WB-S is a multi-band trap vertical

for 10 through 80 meters. It is completely fac-
tory pre-tuned and exhibits an extremely low
angle DX radiation pattern. It is easy to as-
semble, light weight which one man can install.
A single 50 ohm coaxial feedline is required.
Two or three 18AVT/WB-S's make an
excellent phased array.
 MODEL 14AVQ/WB-S Beams are excellent, but require a large sup-
The 14AVQ/WB-S is a self supporting multi- porting tower and "hefty" rotating system.
band trap vertical for 10 through 40 meters Inverted V dipoles and slopers require a large
and is completely factory pre-tuned. It is the tower and plenty of property.
world's most popular ham antenna with an
overall height of 19 feet. The antenna is The vertical "phased array", the answer for
thoroughly weatherproofed and has a low "DX" on these frequencies combine gain,
angle DX radiation pattern. It may be ground directivity and low angle radiation, the three
mounted or installed on "Roof Top" with a most important DX factors in a communication
radial system. installation. The vertical is well known for its
low angle characteristics. When you combine
MODEL 12AVQ two identical verticals, properly spaced and
The 12AVQ is a self supporting 13 1/2 foot phased, the resultant is a concentrated low angle
multi-band trap vertical for 10, 15 and 20 of energy and a power gain. These antennas can
meters. Completely factory pre-tuned with be so arranged to give a definite effect on either
SWR of 2:1 or less with a low angle DX radia- one or two favorite bands or all band coverage
tion pattern. The antenna has a new fiberglass with some pattern compromise and slight loss
impregnated styron base insulator. It may be of gain.
ground mounted with earth acting as the The following data was experimentally derived
"image antenna" or installed on the roof using on the Telex/Hy-Gain test range. Due to the
a radial system. many factors that vary and influence the
performance of an antenna, such as grounding
DESCRIPTION and close proximity of surrounding objects,
Increased activity on 80 and 40 meters has etc., Telex/Hy-Gain cannot guarantee an
created a need for an antenna with power gain installation to perform or exhibit the same
and directivity. Doublet and long wire characteristics as outlined in this report.
antennas are no longer effective due to However, many Amateurs are now successfully
increased QRM. At these low frequencies, the using these arrangements. Commercial
radiation system must be lengthy and height broadcast stations have been using a similar
above ground is extremely important to obtain phasing arrangement for years.
the "low" angle of radiation needed for DX.

Part 1 - SINGLE BAND

BI-DIRECTIONAL ARRAY Phased arrays will reduce installation height re-
(Four Quadrants) quirements and still maintain low angle
radiation.
THEORY' OF OPERATION
Most effective spacing for a bi-directional
Two identical vertical antennas can be array is 1/2 wave length. When two verticals
installed as a phased array. When excited by are excited in phase the radiation is broadside
RF energy, gain is achieved by control of the to the plane of the verticals, offering
directional pattern. This direction pattern substantial gain and bi-directional
control results in added gain by sharpening characteristics. Side nulls offer excellent signal
lobe patterns and concentrating the radiated cancellation to the undesired direction.
energy at very low angles. Signal flutter is
reduced and reception is vastly improved.
 Y

When excited "out of phase" these same verti-

cals can be made to give an "end fire" or bi-
directional pattern in the opposite direction
through the plane of the verticals. This then
nulls out signals in the opposite directions.
More gain is exhibited by the broadside
pattern over the "end fire" arrangement, but
the "end fire" arrangement offers a wider "ENDFIRE" GAIN 23 dB
frontal pattern.
Phased verticals may be spaced either one
Both arrangements offer an excellent ad- quarter wave or one half wave depending
vantage over a single vertical since either upon gain and directional characteristics. The
phasing combination exhibits noticeable nulls of the phased array are extremely sharp
signal gain with side attenuation of undesired and very pronounced. Typical arrangements of
signals. This added gain and low angle phased arrays and their electrical
vertical directivity is the advantage of the specifications are illustrated below.
phased array.
 SPECFICATIONS
Broadside End Fire
Pattern width, half power points 60 degrees 80 degrees
Gain over single vertical 3.86 dB 2.3 dB
Side attenuation 30 dB 20 dB
Impedance 50 Ohms 50 Ohms
Directional characteristics Bi-Directional Bi-Directional

Figure 2
Typical Installation Phased (2) 18 HT 40 Meters
7200 KHz Design Frequency
 CARDIOID ARRAY
(Uni-directional)
When two or three identical verticals are ex-
cited directly and fed 90 degrees out of phase
with a spacing of 1/4 wave length, a cardioid
pattern results. This pattern may be switched in
either direction. By inserting a 1/4 wave length
delay line the antenna will "fire" or be directive
to that particular element. .: TWO VERTICALS

Figure 3
Cardioid-Unidirectional With Two Selectable Directions
The beam pattern for two 1./4 wave length
verticals will be approximately 120 degrees.
An arrangement of three switchable verticals
gives a 60 degree pattern in six selectable
directions.

Figure 4
360 Cardioid Arrangement
 E L E C T R I C A L S P E C IFICATIONS:
Two Phased Verticals Three Phased Verticals
Pattern Width, half power points 120 degrees 60 degrees
Gain over single vertical 4.5 dB 4.5 dB
Side attenuation 20 dB 20 dB
Rear attenuation 30 dB 30 dB
Impedance 50 Ohms 50 Ohms
Directional Characteristics Uni-directional Uni-directional

VSWR: Exceptionally low SWR is present with a phased array. If phasing lines are
correctly measured and the terminal impedance of each antenna is very close to 50 Ohms:
Typical SWR: Broadside 1.2:1, Endfire 1.4:1, Cardioid 1.2:1.

PHASING LINES:

The 1/4 and 1/2 wave transformers, identified as L3, L4 and L5 are calculated from the
lowing formula:
1/4 wave 246000 x vel. vel. factor - reg. coax.
f
frequency (in KHz) 0.66

EXAMPLE:
34.16
1/4 wave at 7200 KHz = 246000 / 7200 = 34.16 x.75
25.62
1/4 wave = 25.62
ft.

PART 2 - MULTI-BAND OPERATION

MULTI-BANDING RADIATION PATTERN:

Multi-banding is easily accomplished by Consideration must be given to the fact that 1/2
choice spacing two identical verticals. (refer wave spacing (optional) is ideal for phasing.
to charts A,B, and C and associated Figures 1 When multi-banding with close and wide spac-
through 5) Switchable 1/4 wave length and 1/2 ing, compromise radiation patterns must be
wave length phasing cables must be employed expected. In most cases a choice spacing serves
for each band. These cables can be placed in 3 bands most effectively with good directional
the station in any suitable fashion along with a characteristics, added gain and low angle per-
manual switching arrangement or relay formance.
system.
 OPTIONAL SPACING SWITCHES & CONNECTORS
Various antenna spacings may be selected Low loss constant impedance type coaxial
from charts A, B, and C, for single band, duo switches and connectors should be used when
band or multi-band arrangements. Associated splicing phasing lines. B&W multi-position,
radiations patterns for a specific spacing is single or multi-gang coaxial switches with Am-
shown in Figures 1 through 5 for each band. phenol coaxial cable and "T' connectors are
recommended.
If the 3/4 wave length patterns are not
desirable, a single vertical only can be switched FIELD TESTS
in use to obtain an omnl-directional pattern.
Actual field tests comparing one vertical to the
phased array results in doubling the receivers
INSTALLATION sensitivity and offering up to 12 dB of signal
The vertical antenna requires a minimum increase. An attenuation of up to 30 dB is
amount of space. Ground mounted or elevated noticeable on the phased verticals with half
arrays are easily installed. wave spacing. With quarter wave spacing, up
to 20 dB cardioid, and 30 dB front-to-back at-
Antenna placement and orientation is a most tenuation can be obtained.
important factor when planning maximum ef-
fectiveness is desired directions. Each vertical "End Fire" directivity offers a larger area of
should be installed in the clear relatively free of radiation at slightly reduced gain as compared
surrounding objects in order to maintain its to the broadside arrangement. The "broad-
design 50 Ohm terminal impedance. side" arrangement is recommended for
communications at greater distances whereas
Each antenna must be mounted at the same the "endfire" arrangement would be so ar-
height on or above ground and be so arranged ranged to cover a larger area of
according to their radiation pattern to offer communications. Special attention to the coax
desired directivity. phasing line lengths and their proper
placement is of utmost importance.
The phased array is primarily designed for long
range and DX communications. In cases where
close and medium distance contacts are
hampered by the array's low angle characteris-
tics and a higher angle is required, switching
arrangements can select one vertical for this
coverage.
A. 80 meter bi-directional pattern (all SW positions 3) refer
to Figure 1, Part 2 "Radiation Patterns"

NOTE: Due to close electrical spacing (1/4 wave) on

80 meters for Broadside (position 1) and Endure
(position 2) the SVWR may be somewhat higher than
1/2 wave spacing. SW3 selects direction

B. 40 meters all switches in position 1 selects Bi-

Directional patterns. Use SW2 for broadside (position
1) Endfire (position 2).

C. All switches in position 2 selects cardioid pattern. SW4

selects direction of cardioid pattern.

NOTE: All connecting lines are exaggerated in length. These

lines must be direct and short as with any coax hook-up prac-
tice.

Figure 5
Typical installation (2) 18HT-S Phased for 80 and 40
Meters Selectable Broadside and Endfire Patters on 40
Meters Selectable Broadside and Endfire Patterns on 80
Meters Selectable 2 Directions Cardioid on 80 Meters
 Note: Corralate Patterns to spacing used in installation

Figure 6
Radiation Patterns - Typical Spacing For Broadside And Endfire Arrangements