MOHAMMAD ALI JAUHAR UNIVERSITY

A seminar on,

OPERATING SYSTEM

Under Guidance of, Presented By,

Er. Prem Narayan MOHD. BILAL
CSE IIIyr.
1501010009
Content
Introduction
Origin of Android
Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
Features and Versions
Architecture
Application Development
Comparisons with other OS
Limitations
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION

What is android
 Android is Linux based operating system
designed primarily for mobile devices such as
smartphones and tablets.
 Android was first developed as a ADVANCE
OPERATING SYSTEM for digital cameras.
 There are more than 4,00,000 apps in android
market
 And, android is an open source.
INTRODUCTION

What is Operating System

 An operating system, or "OS," is software that
communicates with the hardware and allows
other programs to run..
 Common desktop operating systems
include Windows, OS X, and Linux
 Common mobile OS include Android, iOS, and
Windows Phone
INTRODUCTION

android Operating System

 Android OS consists of a shell and a kernel.

 Creator’s of android takes out the kernel from Linux
OS 2.6 and rewrite the shell part using java, that’s
forms android OS.
MONOLITHIC KERNEL SHELL
(modified LINUX kernel) (Written in Java)

android OS
 android devices

Mobile phones Smart TV Wearable device

Tablets GPS device for automobiles

Origin of android
Android was founded in Palo Alto, California in
October 2003 by
Andy Rubin, Rich Miner,
Nick Sears and Chris White who work at
“ ” to develop.

Andy Rubin
…Origin of android
 Android was purchased by the
in AUGUST, 2005 for 50 million $.

 HTC Dream was the first android device

launched in September 2008

 Now, android covers 90% of the mobile OS

market.
 Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
 It’s consortium of several companies.
 OHA is a business alliance of firm to develop open
standard for mobile device.
 OHA includes 84 firms to develop open standard for
mobile devices, i.e.
HTC, Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola, QUALCOMM, Google
, Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, T-Mobile,
NVidias
 Reason for Nokia not to develop Android Mobiles is
Nokia is not part of OHA
 Features
 Android supports wireless communication using:-
3G Networks, 4G Networks, 802.11 Wi-Fi Networks,
Bluetooth Connectivity
 Developing an android application is not tough
,using SDK and java emulator we can easily develop
applications that we want.
 Open source – Free development platform
 Built in services like GPS,SQL Database, browser
and maps
 Portability across current and future hardware
 android Versions
 Android Astro 1.0  Android Gingerbread 2.3
• Released on September 23, 2008. • Released on December 6, 2010

 Android Cupcake 1.5  Android Honeycomb 3.0

• Released on April 30, 2009. • Released on February 22, 2011.

 Android Donut 1.6  Android IceCream Sandwich 4.0

• Released on September 15, 2009. • Released on November 14, 2011

 Android Éclair 2.0/2.1  Android JellyBean 4.1

• Released on October 26, 2009. • Released on June 27,2012

 Android Froyo 2.2  Android Kitkat 4.4

• Released on May 20, 2010. • Released on October 31,2013
 android Versions
 Android Lollipop 5.0
• Released on November 12, 2014

 Android Marshmallow 6.0

• Released on May 28, 2015

 Android Nougat 7.0

• Released on August 22, 2016

 Android Oreo 8.0

• Released on August 21, 2017
• Latest version till date.
 UI comparison

Android Astro 1.0 Android KitKat 4.4 Android Oreo 8.0

Architecture
 Linux kernel
 Libraries
 Android run time
- Core libraries
- Dalvik virtual machine
 Application layer
 Application framework
Major components of android
 Linux Kernel
 Android Architecture is based on Linux 2.6
kernel. It helps to manage security, memory
management, process management, network
stack and other important issues.

Display Driver Camera Driver Flash Memory Binder (IPC)

Driver Driver

Keypad Driver Wi-Fi Driver Audio Driver Power

Management
 Android Runtime
 Android includes a set of core libraries that provides most
of the functionality available in the core libraries of the Java
programming language.
 Dalvik VM.
Core
• Dex files Libraries
• Compact and efficient than class files
Dalvik
• Limited memory and battery power Virtual
 Core Libraries Machine

• Java 5 Std edition

• Collections, I/O etc…
• Providing most of the functionality available in the core
libraries of the Java language.
 Libraries
Android includes a set of:
 C/C++ libraries
 Interface through Java
 Surface manager – Handling UI Windows with 2D and
3D graphics
 Media codes, SQLite, Browser engine

The Android Studio 3.1 supports new set of library :

Application Framework
The application architecture is designed to simplify the reuse
of components
 Activity manager – manages application life cycle
 Android provides a set of core applications:
 Email Client
 SMS Program
 Calendar
 Maps
 Browser
 Contacts, Etc.
 All applications are written using the Java language.
 APIs: Data Structures, Utilities, File Access, Network Access,
Graphics, etc.
Application Development

Android Android Android

Mobile
Emulator SDK
Device
 Application Development

Java source

Android
Manifest
Generate Java .dex Dalvik
d Class Compiler file VM
Resource
XML

Android Libraries
Application Execution

Java Source
Documents

Compile java
sources using
“javac”

Java “class” documents

output from compilation
process

Translate Java
compiled class files
into “dex” files

Execute under the

Dalvik Virtual Machine
Why prefer android ?
 Android price fits your pocket
Android devices are cheaper than iPhones which is one of main
reason why Android phone sale is growing rapidly. IPhone is an
expensive device which everybody can’t afford to buy.
 Free apps and games
Android offers a lot of free games and applications on google play,
whereas IPhone have mostly paid Apps on App Store. which is also
the main reason why people skip IOS and attract towards android.
 Launchers
Android offers many cool launcher apps for customizing home
screen’s style. While Apple do not allow users to customize their
home screen and all the users have same home screen.
 Custom ROMs
Android users can install custom Rom on their smart phone, which
allows them to replace original software comes with their smart
phone. Some of the android users want to use some tools and apps
which do not work on their original OS, that’s why they Root their
phone and install custom ROMS.
 Google Integration
Google integration is very useful service provided by google to it’s
users. unarguably google dominates the web with it’s awesome
services like Google drive, Google Music, Google Map, Google Docs,
Google mail, Google plus, Google hangout.. and the list goes on,
but IOS do not provide these apps integration.
 Expandable Memory
Android allows you to put a memory card to increase your phone
memory. What does Apple do? Well, they've never offered
expandable memory for the iPhone. Instead, they would rather you
pay another $100 to upgrade one of their devices from a 16 GB
memory to a 32 GB or 64 GB
 Multi tasking using Multi-window navigation feature

File manager

YouTube

iOs does not allow

multi window
officially
Limitations
 Making source code available to everyone inevitably
invites the attention of hackers.
 Android operating system uses more amount of
battery as compared to normal mobile phones.
 It has been seen that it has security related issues.
 As we call Android is world of applications we
continuously need to connected with the internet
which is not possible for all the users.
 Conclusion
Android is a truly open, free development
platform based on Linux and open source.
Handset makers can use and customize the
platform without paying a royalty.
Android is now stepping up in next level of
mobile internet.
 Android is open to all: industry, developers and
users
Google Android is stepping into the next level
of Mobile Internet & that is the reason that
android covers 90% of mobile OS market
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operati
ng_system)
https://www.android.com/
https://www.androidauthority.com/
https://techterms.com
http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/

Images and Clipart:

https://images.google.com/
 Thank you.

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