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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

VII SEMESTER

EI6704 – BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Regulation – 2013

Academic Year 2017 – 18

Prepared by

Dr.G.Udhayakumar, Associate Professor/EEE,

Mrs. R.V.Preetha, Assistant Professor/EEE

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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT : EI6704 – BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
SEM / YEAR: VII / IV

UNIT I - FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

Cell and its structure – Resting and Action Potential – Nervous system and its
fundamentals - Basic components of a biomedical system- Cardiovascular systems-
Respiratory systems -Kidney and blood flow - Biomechanics of bone - Biomechanics
of soft tissues - Basic mechanics of spinal column and limbs -Physiological signals
and transducers - Transducers – selection criteria – Piezo electric, ultrasonic
transducers - Temperature measurements - Fibre optic temperature sensors.
PART – A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. Differentiate action potential and resting potential. BTL-4 Analyze

2. Name the components of biomedical system. BTL-1 Remember

3. At resting potential of a cell, why the inside of a cell is BTL-2 Understand

negatively charged.
4. Define half-cell potential. BTL-1 Remember

5. Sketch the action potential waveform. BTL-3 Apply

6. Give the Nernst equation for electrode potential. BTL-2 Understand

7. What is bioelectric potential? BTL-1 Remember

8. Describe propagation of action potential? BTL-4 Analyze

9. Classify the two major divisions of nervous system? BTL-4 Analyze

10. Explain central nervous system? BTL-5 Evaluate

11. What is soft tissue injury? BTL-1 Remember

12. What is neuron? BTL-1 Remember

13. Discuss the use of transducers in Biomedical BTL-2 Understand

Engineering?
14. Summarize active and passive transducers? BTL-2 Understand

15. Generalize the property of piezo electric transducer. BTL-6 Create

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16. What is meant by depolarization and repolarisation of BTL-1 Remember

cell?
17. Generalize “Ohm’s law” for blood flow. BTL-6 Create

18. Sketch the stress strain curve of the Bone. BTL-3 Apply

19. Explain somatic sensory nervous system? BTL-5 Evaluate

20. Point out the spinal cord location in the brain. BTL-4 Analyze

PART – B

1. (i) Discuss the different ways of transport of ions through BTL-2 Understand
the cell membrane. (8)
(ii) Discuss the different parts of central nervous system
and their activity. (8)

2. (i) Describe the action of piezoelectric transducer as BTL-1 Remember

arterial pressure sensor. (8)
(ii) Describe the working of a fibre optic temperature
sensor. (8)

3. (i) Sketch the block diagram of biomedical instrumentation BTL-3 Apply

system and explain the functions of each block. (8)
(ii) Sketch the diagram and equivalent circuit of a
differential capacitance pressure transducer and briefly
explain its operation.(8)
4. (i) With the action potential waveforms summarize BTL-5 Evaluate
depolarization, repolarisation and absolute and relative
refractory periods. (10)
(ii) How do you record the action potential? (6)

5. (i) Describe the generation and features of action potential. BTL-2 Understand
(8)
(ii) Explain the function of human respiratory system. (8)

6. (i) What are the different types of muscles? Generalize the BTL-6 Create
importance of motor unit in the muscular contraction.
(8)
(ii) How does the piezoelectric transducer produce
ultrasonic waves? Create its electric equivalent near
resonance? (8)
7. (i) With a relevant graph describe the relationship between BTL-1 Remember
the action potential and muscle contraction. (8)
(ii) Describe in detail how pulsatile blood volume changes
can be measured using photoelectric type resistive
transducer. (8)
8. (i) Explain in detail about Peripheral nervous system. (8) BTL-1 Remember
(ii) Illustrate the working of ultrasonic transducers and
discuss its application. (8)

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9. (i) Explain the structure of human cell and its constituents BTL-4 Analyze
with the help of neat diagram. (8)
(ii) Briefly explain the criteria’s for selecting transducers
for biomedical applications. (8)

10. (i) Classify the names of the different sub systems in our BTL-4 Analyze
body. Explain them with respect to their function and
constituents. (8)
(ii) Explain the characteristics of resting potential with
reference to Nernst equation. (8)

11. (i) Explain the different techniques used for measuring BTL-5 Evaluate
human body temperature. (8)
(ii) Explain biomechanics of bones and soft tissues. (8)

12. (i) Describe the function of human Excretory system. (8) BTL-1 Remember
(ii) Describe the function of human Cardiovascular
systems. (8)
13. Summarize LVDT along with its electrical BTL-2 Understand
characteristics. (16)
14. Draw the equivalent circuit of a magnetostrictive BTL-3 Apply
transducer at its resonance and explain its working. (16)

UNIT II - NON ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS MEASUREMENT AND

Measurement of blood pressure - Cardiac output - Heart rate - Heart sound -
DIAGNOSTIC
Pulmonary function measurements – spirometer – Photo Plethysmography, Body
Plethysmography – Blood Gas analysers, pH of blood –measurement of blood pCO2,
pO2, finger-tip oxymeter - ESR, GSR measurements.
PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. What is meant by Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)? BTL-1 Remember

2. Define cardiac output. BTL-1 Remember

3. Mention the use of spirometer BTL-5 Evaluate

4. Discuss pulmonary circulation? BTL-2 Understand

5. Discuss the reason for decrease in cardiac output? BTL-2 Understand

6. Define systole and diastole. BTL-1 Remember
7. Point out the normal heart rate of human being according BTL-4 Analyze
to age group.
8. Classify different types of heart block? BTL-3 Apply
9. Sketch the block diagram of heart sound recording BTL-3 Apply
system.
10. Differentiate between heart sound and murmurs. BTL-4 Analyze

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11. Give the principle of electromagnetic blood flowmeter. BTL-2 Understand

12. What is the use of oxymeters? BTL-1 Remember
13. Define plethysmography? BTL-1 Remember
14. Generalize the basic principle of blood gas analyzer. BTL-6 Create
15. Illustrate the requirements of a blood pump? BTL-3 Apply
16. What is the use of GSR measurement? BTL-1 Remember
17. How does the pH value determine the acidity of BTL-5 Evaluate
alkalinity in blood fluid.
18. Classify the types of oxymeters. BTL-4 Analyze
19. Generalize Fick’s principle. BTL-6 Create
20. What is the use of blood flow meter? BTL-1 Remember

PART – B
1. (i) What are the methods for measuring blood pressure? BTL-3 Apply
Sketch a typical setup and explain. (8)
(i) What is cardiac output? Explain in detail any one
method used for cardiac output measurements. (8)
2. (i) Explain the automatic and semiautomatic methods of BTL-4 Analyze
measuring blood pressure. (8)
(ii) What are the causes of heart sounds and how they are
related to the function of cardiovascular system? (8)
3. (i) Describe the working principle of ultrasonic blood BTL-1 Remember
pressure measurement. (8)
(ii) What is PCG? Give the characteristics of different heart
sounds. (8)
4. (i) Explain the measurement of heart sound with suitable BTL-1 Remember
diagram. (8)

(ii) Conclude the part of electrocardiogram which is most

useful for determining heart rate? Explain. (8)
5. Sketch the block diagram of automated electro BTL-3 Apply
sphygmomanometer for blood pressure measurement and
explain its operation. (16)
6. (i) Define the important lung capacities and explain them. BTL-1 Remember
(8)
(ii) Describe in detail with neat diagram, differential
ausculatory technique of blood pressure measurement.
(8)
7. Explain with the help of functional diagram the working BTL-2 Understand
of spirometer. (16)
8. Explain with relevant equations the working and BTL-2 Understand
measurement procedure of Plethysmograph. (16)

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9. (i) Explain the measurement method of ESR with a neat BTL-5 Evaluate
diagram. (8)
(iii)Describe how whole body plethysmography is used to
measure total lung capacity. (8)

10. Explain the measurement of blood pO2 and pCO2. (16) BTL-4 Analyze

11. Give the principle of operation of blood cell counter and BTL-1 Remember
blood gas analyzer and explain its working (16)
12. (i) Explain the Rheographic method of blood pressure BTL-4 Analyze
measurement. (8)
(ii) What is ESR and GSR? Explain the techniques used to
measure them. (8)
13. (i) Describe the principle of digital pH meter. (8) BTL-6 Create
(ii) Discuss the Oscillometric blood pressure measurement
method. (8)
14. What are known as “Korotokoff sound”? How will you BTL-5 Evaluate
measure them with an indirect method of measurement?
(4+12)

UNIT III - ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS

Electrodes – Limb electrodes –floating electrodes – pregelled disposable electrodes -
Micro, needle and surface electrodes – Amplifiers, Preamplifiers, differential amplifiers,
chopper amplifiers – Isolation amplifier - ECG – EEG – EMG – ERG – Lead systems and
recording methods – Typical waveforms - Electrical safety in medical environment, shock
hazards – leakage current-Instruments for checking safety parameters of biomedical
equipments
PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. Classify the various types of electrodes. BTL-4 Analyze

2. Point out any four types of surface electrodes. BTL-4

Analyze

3. Draw the electrode configuration of AVR output BTL-3 Apply

4. Name the electrodes used for EEG measurement BTL-1 Remember

5. What is preamplifier? State its functional requirements. BTL-1 Remember

6. What is the need of instrument amplifiers in medical BTL-1 Remember

equipments?
7. What is the need of bio-signal amplifier? BTL-1 Remember

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8. Give the frequency range & amplitude of ECG, EEG and BTL-2 Understand
EMG waves.
9. Sketch a typical ‘pqrst’ complex waveform with respect BTL-3 Apply
to ECG.
10. What is ECG? BTL-1
Remember

11. Give the origin, amplitude and duration of the different BTL-2
Understand
waves in ECG.
12. Draw EINTHOVEN TRIANGLE and how it is used in BTL-5 Evaluate
ECG measurement
13. Point out three types of lead systems used to record BTL-4 Analyze
electrocardiograms.
14. Summarize LATENCY in EMG. BTL-5 Evaluate

15. Draw the standard ECG waveform. Also mark the BTL-6
Create
regions in the wave form.
16. Describe the hazards of leakage current. BTL-2
Understand

17. Discuss Let-go current of human body. BTL-2 Understand

18. What is meant by macro shock? Classify the ways by BTL-3 Apply
which macro shocks can be induced?
19. What is ERG? BTL-1 Remember

20. Design the simple block diagram of EEG recording set BTL-6 Create
up.
PART - B
1. (i) What are chopper amplifiers? Mention their Apply
BTL-3
importance in Biomedical Instrumentatiion. Explain
the working of Non-mechanical chopper amplifier
with necessary diagram.(8)
(ii) Explain briefly the types of surface electrodes.(8)

2. Explain in detail about EEG lead system,recording BTL-3 Apply

methods and waveform.(16)

3. (i) What are the uses of microelectrodes?.(8) BTL-1 Remember

(ii) Describe the standard 12 lead system used for
recording ECG.(8)

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4. (i) Discuss the working of typical EMG recording BTL-2 Understand

setup.(8)
(ii) Discuss the working of isolation amplifier with
diagram.(8)
5. (i) Discuss the working of Differential amplifier. BTL-2 Understand
Mention their importance in biomedical
instrumentation.(8)
(ii) Describe with help of circuit diagram, the
working of a typical instrumentation amplifier.(8)

6. 6(i) Discuss about ERG.(8) Understand

BTL-2
.
(ii) Elaborate on the medical equipment maintenance and
safety parameters in handling it.(8)

7. (i) Explain Einthoven triangle and describe how BTL-1 Remember

ECG lead configurations are employed.(8)
(ii) Clearly describe the different lead systems in
ECG Wave form recording.(8)
8. Discuss in detail: BTL-4 Analyze
(i) Microelectrodes (8)
(ii) Depth and needle electrodes (4)
(iii) Surface electrode (4)

9. Explain how the electrical hazards protection can be Analyze

provided in the biomedical instrumentation BTL-4
systems.

10 (i) Define Half-cell potential. What are polarisable Remember

. BTL-1
and non-polarisable electrodes? (8)
(ii) Describe the usage of the various types of
electrodes used to measure bio potentials.(8)

11. Describe in detail the various ways used to induce the BTL-1 Remember
macro shocks.(16)
12. Explain the instruments used to check the safety Analyze
parameters of biomedical equipments. BTL-4

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13. (i) Explain the devices used against electrical hazards.(8) Evaluate
BTL-5
(ii) Explain the important aspects of hospital
architecture?(8)

14. (i) Design the 10-20 electrode system used in EEG BTL-6 Create
recording.(8)
(ii) Discuss about the tests to be carried our to ensure
ssafety of medical equipments.(8)

UNIT IV - IMAGING MODALITIES AND ANALYSIS

Radio graphic and fluoroscopic techniques – Computer tomography – MRI –
Ultrasonography – Endoscopy – Thermography –Different types of biotelemetry systems
- Retinal Imaging - Imaging application in Biometric systems - Analysis of digital images.
PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

1. Distinguish radiographic and fluoroscopic techniques. BTL-2 Understand

2. Discuss briefly about Tomography. BTL-2 Understand

3. What is computer aided tomography? BTL-1 Remember

4. Define contrast. BTL-1 Remember

5. Point out the advantages of MRI scan? BTL-4 Analyze

6. What is ultrasonic Tomographic technique? BTL-1 Remember

7. Illustrate the application of Endoscopy. BTL-3 Apply

8. Define the term thermography and its principle. BTL-1 Remember

9. What is echo ophthalmoscope? BTL-1 Remember

10. What are the three classifications of thermography? BTL-1 Remember

11. Point out the advantages and applications of BTL-4 Analyze

thermography?
12. Design the simplified block diagram of a thermographic BTL-6 Create
equipment.
13. Generalize the characteristic of good thermographic BTL-6 Create
equipment.

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14. Summarize the advantages of digital thermometer? BTL-5 Evaluate

15. Explain biotelemetry? BTL-4 Analyze

16. Draw the block diagram of a bio-telemetry system. BTL-3 Apply

17. Illustrate single channel telemetry? BTL-3 Apply

18. Deduce the anticipated problems of telemetrized systems BTL-5 Evaluate

in the future?
19. Discuss the applications of biotelemetry. BTL-2 Understand
20. Discuss the applications of ultrasound in medical BTL-2 Understand
imaging?
PART - B
1. (i) Explain in detail about the hardware and BTL-1
Remember
instrumentation of Computer Tomography(16)

2. (i) Describe a Telemetry circuit using a sub carrier also Remember

BTL-1
list its advantages.(10)
(ii) Write a note on Bio-metric systems.(6)

3. (i) Describe in detail the block diagram of Gamma BTL-1 Remember

camera.(8)
(ii) Write the working of multichannel biotelemetry
system.(8)
4. (i) Write a note on the working of X-ray machine.(8) BTL-1 Remember
(ii) Write a note on endoscopy.(8)
5. Sketch a typical functional block diagram of amplitude
modulated radio transmitter and receiver and
explain.(16) BTL-3 Apply
6. With neat block diagram explain the principle of BTL-3 Apply
operation and working of MRI system.(16)

7. (i) Explain the infrared thermographic Analyze

BTL-4
instrumentation with suitable diagram.(10)
(ii) Illustrate about the problems associated with
implant telemetry circuits.(6)
8. (i) What do you mean by CT? Give the mathematical BTL-2 Understand
details of obtaining X-ray image in CT?(8)
(ii) Briefly explain the different modes of ultrasonic
scanning with suitable diagrams.(8)

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9. Explain the principle and properties of Ultrasound. BTL-4 Analyze

Explain different modes of Ultrasound used in
medical diagnostics. Also explain different types of
US scan display.(16)

10. (i) Discuss the properties of ultrasound and how Evaluate

BTL-5
ultrasound can be used for diagnosis.(6)
(ii) Discuss how the various physiological parameters
can be monitored and telemetered and usage of
telemetry as an emergency tool.(10)
11. Explain the concept of analysis of digital images.(16) BTL-6 Create

12. (i) Discuss in detail about the basic components of a Analyze

BTL-4
multichannel biotelemetry CL system.(6)
(ii) Expalin computed tomography imaging technique
and state its applications.(10)

13. (i) Distinguish between radiography and BTL-2 Understand

fluoroscopy.(8)
(ii) Summarize the different applications of X-ray
examination.(8)
14. (i) Describe in detail about the single channel telemetry BTL-2 Understand
system with block diagram.(8)
(ii) Discuss the details of the design of the biotelemetry
circuit.(8)

UNIT V - LIFE ASSISTING, THERAPEUTIC AND ROBOTIC DEVICES

Pacemakers – Defibrillators – Ventilators – Nerve and muscle stimulators – Diathermy –
Heart – Lung machine – Audio meters – Dialysers – Lithotripsy - ICCU patient
monitoring system - Nano Robots - Robotic surgery – Advanced 3D surgical techniques-
Orthopedic prostheses fixation.
PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. What is a pacemaker? BTL-1 Remember

2. Classify the types of pacing. BTL-3 Apply

3. Differentiate between external pacemaker and implanted BTL-2 Understand

pacemaker.
4. Classify the types of pacemaker based on modes of BTL-3 Apply
operation of the pacemakers.

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5. Point out the function of synchronous pacemaker. BTL-4 Analyze

6. Explain defibrillator and give its disadvantages. BTL-5 Evaluate

7. Give the importance of defibrillator protection circuit in BTL-2 Understand

ECG recorder.
8. Define Electrotherapy. BTL-1 Remember

9. Distinguish a de-fibrillator from a pace maker BTL-2 Understand

10. What is a ventilator? Give its importance in respiratory BTL-2 Understand

failures.
11. What is a stimulator? BTL-1 Remember

12. Design the block diagram of a short wave diathermy BTL-6 Create
unit.
13. State ventricular fibrillation. BTL-4 Analyze

14. Name few tests performed using audiometer. BTL-1 Remember

15. Generalize the purpose of audiometers. BTL-6 Create

16. Explain lithotripsy BTL-5 Evaluate

17. What are the requirements of oxygenerator? BTL-1 Remember

18. Differentiate Haemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis. BTL-3 Apply

19. Point out the variables to be monitored by a patient BTL-4 Analyze

monitoring system.
20. Classify the divisions in patient monitoring system. BTL-3 Apply

PART - B
1. (i) Discuss the stone disease problem and the method BTL-2 Understand
used to overcome with neat diagram.(8)

(ii) Discuss in detail the working of dialyser.(8)

2. (i) Discuss the working of pressure and volume BTL-2 Understand
controlled ventilator.(8)
(ii) Summarize the schematic of evoked response
audiometer.(8)

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3 (i) Briefly discuss the block diagram of heart lung BTL-3 Apply
machine.(8)
(ii) Illustrate the working of an artificial kidney with a
neat diagram.(8)
4 (i) Explain the electrical nature of natural pacemaker.(6) BTL-4 Analyze
(ii) State the need for defibrillator. Describe the
schematic of implantable defibrillator.(10)
5 (i) Explain the working of lithotripsy with clear BTL-5 Evaluate
schematic diagrams.(6)
(ii) Explain haemodialysis in a detailed manner along
with its merits and demerits.(10)
6 (i) Explain the working of DC defibrillator with a neat BTL-3 Apply
block diagram.(8)
(ii) Explain in detail about shortwave and Microwave
Diathermy Unit.(8)
7 (i) Describe the circuit of fixed rate pacemaker and BTL-1 Remember
explain the working details of it.(10)
(ii) Write in detail about microwave diathermy and its
uses.(6)
8 What is dialysis? Explain the principle of operation of a BTL-1 Remember
dialyser machine with a neat block diagram.(16)

9 (i) Summarize the working of AC defibrillator.(8) BTL-2 Understand

(ii) Discuss on nerve and muscle stimulators.(8)
10 (i) Examine the nano robots role in biomedical BTL-4 Analyze
engineering field.(8)
(ii) Illustrate the different modes of operation of cardiac
pacemakers.(8)
11 (i) Distinguish between demand pacemaker and BTL-4 Analyze
synchronized pacemaker.(6)
(ii) With a block diagram of automatic Bekesy
audiometer, explain its measurement procedure.(10)

12 Draw the block diagram of a ventilator along with its BTL-6 Create
accessories and explain its function.(16)

13 (i) Explain briefly ICCU Patient Monitoring System.(8) BTL-1 Remember

(ii) Write short notes on Audiometer.(8)

14 (i) Write a short note on robotic surgery.(8) BTL-1 Remember

(ii) Explain in detail about the Advanced 3D surgical
techniques used in biomedical field in the world.(8)

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