ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A SIX STOREY

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

A Thesis Submitted in

Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology.

ANGSHUMAN ADHIKARY,14-1-1-032

ARINJAY CHALIHA, 14-1-1-029

KAUSHIK TALUKDAR, 14-1-1-033

MAYURI THAOSEN, 14-1-1-030

Department of Civil Engineering

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SILCHAR

2017
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “Analysis and Design of Six-
StoreyResidential Building” submitted for the partial fulfilment of the awardof the degree of
Bachelor of Technology (B. Tech) in Civil Engineering under the Department of Civil
Engineering, NIT Silchar, has been carried out by the undersigned students of 7 th Semester, B.
Tech. program of the institute, under the supervision of Dr.ArjunSil.

Certified that the above work has been carried out under our mutual supervision and
guidance.

Dr. ArjunSil

Assistant Professor

Department of Civil Engineering

NIT Silchar

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We deem it to be solemn duty on our parts to express our deep sense of gratitude to the
faculty members of the Civil Engineering Department for providing us to look into every nook
and cranny of Building Design.

We owe our special debt of gratitude to our guide Dr. ArjunSil for his guidance and
sustained inspiration in completing the project throughout. We are grateful to Dr. A.K. Deyfor
his valuable guidance. We are greatly indebted to Dr. U Kumar, the Head of the Department of
Civil Engineering, who encouraged us in pursuing the study in all phases.

We sincerely acknowledge the help extended by the faculty members and our friends for
extending support and encouragement to take up and timely completion of the project.

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 ABSTRACT

The design and analysis are the two most important factors considered in creation of any
building, whether residential or non-residential. Building design and analysis is a complex task
and requires in-depth knowledge of Civil Engineering. It is thus very important for a Civil
Engineer to understand the complexities and maximise the possibilities on site, in order to build
any structure which is structurally safe and at the same time meet the economic demands.

The main objective of this project work is to analyse and design a six-storey 3 BHK residential
building. Following procedure is adopted to attain the objective:

 A proposed architectural plan is made, meeting the requirements of the building

laws.
 Necessary assumptions are made according to IS- CODES.
 Frames are analysed using Moment Distribution Method.
 Earthquake & Wind Analysis is carried out using Portal Frame Method.
 Using suitable load combinations ,the design loads and moments are calculated
 Beams & Columns are designed accordingly and their sketches are also prepared
 Raft Foundation is designed to safely carry the load of the structure on soil
 3D-Model of the RCC structure is made using STAAD-PRO.

The results and data obtained after the analysis can be taken into the consideration for the actual
and practical design of any similar structure

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 Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION : ........................................................................................................................................... 7
Selection of Building Plan ...................................................................................................................... 11
Bye-Laws / Building Regulation Set Out:............................................................................................. 11
Structure: ............................................................................................................................................ 11
Natural Lighting:.................................................................................................................................. 12
Standards Specified by Building Bye-Laws: ......................................................................................... 12
Minimum Standards............................................................................................................................ 12
Seismic Zone ....................................................................................................................................... 14
Seismic Active Zone............................................................................................................................. 14
Design Philosophies: ............................................................................................................................... 15
PROPOSED FLOOR PLAN ............................................................................................................................. 16
Column Grid: ........................................................................................................................................... 17
Preliminary Design Data : .................................................................................................................... 17
Material Properties: ............................................................................................................................ 18
Geometric Properties:......................................................................................................................... 18
DESIGN OF SLABS ................................................................................................................................ 19
Reinforcement Detailing: ........................................................................................................................ 55
Analysis of Frames ...................................................................................................................................... 57
Moment Distribution Method ................................................................................................................ 57
Portal Frame Method.............................................................................................................................. 58
Analysis of frame in longer direction ...................................................................................................... 59
Analysis for beam ABCDEFG at roof level ............................................................................................... 64
Analysis of frame in shorter direction..................................................................................................... 68
Analysis for beam ABCD at floor level................................................................................................. 68
Analysis for beam ABCD at roof level ..................................................................................................... 73
Column Shear values:.............................................................................................................................. 77
Analysis for Earthquake Load .................................................................................................................... 79
General Information ................................................................................................................................ 79
Specifications .......................................................................................................................................... 79
Load Calculations from various components.......................................................................................... 80
Calculation of Lateral Force .................................................................................................................... 81

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Analysis for Wind Load .............................................................................................................................. 84
Building specs: ........................................................................................................................................ 84
Calculation of design factors: ................................................................................................................. 84
Calculation of permeability of the building ............................................................................................ 84
Wind load on surfaces ............................................................................................................................. 84
Calculation of external pressure coefficient............................................................................................ 84
Load combinations ...................................................................................................................................... 89
Beam moments: ...................................................................................................................................... 90
Column Moments ................................................................................................................................... 94
Column Shear .......................................................................................................................................... 97
Beam Shear ........................................................................................................................................... 100
Column Axial Force ............................................................................................................................... 106
Design of beams ........................................................................................................................................ 108
DESIGN OF ROOF BEAM: ....................................................................................................................... 108
Detailing of roof beam: ......................................................................................................................... 110
DESIGN OF FLOOR BEAM: ..................................................................................................................... 111
Detailing of floor beam ......................................................................................................................... 113
DESIGN OF COLUMN: ................................................................................................................................ 114
Detailing of column ............................................................................................................................... 116
Design of staircase: ................................................................................................................................... 117
Detailing of staircase ............................................................................................................................. 120
Design of Footing ...................................................................................................................................... 121
Detailing of footing: .............................................................................................................................. 125
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................................. 126
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. 127

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 List of figures

Figure 1 Floor Plan ...................................................................................................................................... 16

Figure 2 Column Grid .................................................................................................................................. 17
Figure 3 Slab numbering ............................................................................................................................. 19
Figure 4 Reinforcement in slab : Top view .................................................................................................. 55
Figure 5 Reinforcements in slab : Side view ............................................................................................... 56
Figure 6 Reinforcement in slab : Top view .................................................................................................. 56
Figure 7 Frame in longer direction.............................................................................................................. 59
Figure 8 Substitute frame ........................................................................................................................... 59
Figure 9 Frame in longer direction.............................................................................................................. 64
Figure 10 Substitute frame for roof level.................................................................................................... 64
Figure 11 Frame in shorter direction .......................................................................................................... 68
Figure 12 Substitute frame at floor level .................................................................................................... 68
Figure 13 Frame for shorter direction ........................................................................................................ 73
Figure 14 Substitute frame for roof level.................................................................................................... 73
Figure 15 Cross section of roof beam at mid span ................................................................................... 110
Figure 16 Cross section of roof beam at supports .................................................................................... 110
Figure 17 Elevation of roof beam ............................................................................................................. 111
Figure 18 Cross section of a floor beam at mid span ................................................................................ 113
Figure 19 Cross section of floor beam at supports ................................................................................... 114
Figure 20 Elevation of a floor beam .......................................................................................................... 114
Figure 21 Cross section of column ............................................................................................................ 116
Figure 22 Elevation of column .................................................................................................................. 117
Figure 23 Staircase detailing side view ..................................................................................................... 120
Figure 24 Staircase: top view .................................................................................................................... 120
Figure 25 Detailing of isolated footing...................................................................................................... 125
Figure 26 Detailing of combined footing .................................................................................................. 125

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 List of tables

Table 1 Covered Area or plinth area in residential plots ............................................................................ 12

Table 2 Minimum Standards as per Building Bye-Laws .............................................................................. 14
Table 3 Distribution factors for horizontal members ................................................................................. 59
Table 4 Distribution factors for vertical members ...................................................................................... 60
Table 5 Moment Distribution in beams ...................................................................................................... 61
Table 6 Moment Distribution in columns ................................................................................................... 61
Table 7 Moment Distribution in beams ...................................................................................................... 62
Table 8 Moment Distribution in columns ................................................................................................... 62
Table 9 Distribution factors for horizontal members ................................................................................. 64
Table 10 Distribution factors for vertical members .................................................................................... 65
Table 11 Moment Distribution in beams .................................................................................................... 66
Table 12 Moment Distribution in columns ................................................................................................. 66
Table 13 Moment Distribution in beams .................................................................................................... 67
Table 14 Moment Distribution in columns ................................................................................................. 67
Table 15Distribution factors for horizontal members ................................................................................ 68
Table 16 Distribution factors for vertical members .................................................................................... 69
Table 17 Moment distribution in beams .................................................................................................... 70
Table 18 Moment distribution in columns ................................................................................................. 70
Table 19 Moment Distribution in beams .................................................................................................... 71
Table 20 Moment distribution in columns ................................................................................................. 71
Table 21 Distribution factors for horizontal members ............................................................................... 73
Table 22 Distribution factors for horizontal members ............................................................................... 74
Table 23 Moment distribution in beams .................................................................................................... 75
Table 24 Moment distribution in columns ................................................................................................. 75
Table 25 Moment Distribution in beams .................................................................................................... 76
Table 26 Moment distribution in columns ................................................................................................. 76
Table 27 Column Shear values for dead load in longer direction ............................................................... 77
Table 28 Column Shear values for dlive load in longer direction ............................................................... 77
Table 29 Column Shear values for dead load in shorter direction ............................................................. 77
Table 30 Column Shear values for live load in shorter direction ................................................................ 78
Table 31 Lateral loads for earthquake ........................................................................................................ 82
Table 32 Portal frame calculation for when earthquake hits shorter span ................................................ 82
Table 33 Portal frame calculation for when earthquake hits longer span ................................................. 82
Table 34 Wind load calculations ................................................................................................................. 85
Table 35 Lateral loads due to wind loads ................................................................................................... 85
Table 36 Portal frame due to wind load in longer ...................................................................................... 86
Table 37 Wind load calculations ................................................................................................................. 87
Table 38 Lateral loads due to wind loads ................................................................................................... 87
Table 39 Portal frame calculations for wind in shorter .............................................................................. 88
Table 40 Load combinations for beam moment in longer ......................................................................... 90

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Table 41 Load combinations for beam moment in shorter ........................................................................ 92
Table 42 Load combinations for column moment in longer....................................................................... 94
Table 43 Load combinations for column moment in shorter ..................................................................... 96
Table 44 Load combination for column shear in longer ............................................................................. 97
Table 45 Load combination for column shear in shorter............................................................................ 99
Table 46 Load combination for beam shear in longer .............................................................................. 100
Table 47 Load combination for beam shear in shorter ............................................................................ 104
Table 48 Load combination for column axial forces ................................................................................. 106

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INTRODUCTION :

The population explosion and advent of industrial revolution led to the exodus of people
from villages to urban areas. This urbanization led to a new problem– less space for housing,
work and more people. Because of the demand for land, the land costs got skyrocketed. So under
the changed circumstances, the vertical growth of buildings i.e. constructions of multi-storeyed
buildings has become inevitable both for residential and as well as office purposes. With the rise
in the standard of living, the demand for multi-storeyed shopping malls has increased as all the
facilities under a single roof are desired by all. Moreover cinema halls are also provided in malls
for entertainment purposes.
For multi-storeyed buildings, the conventional load bearing structures become
uneconomical as they require larger sections to resist huge moments and loads. But in a framed
structure, the building frame consists of a network of beams and columns which are built
monolithically and rigidly with each other at their joints. Because of this rigidity at the joints,
there will be reduction in moments and also the structure tends to distribute the loads more
uniformly and eliminate the excessive effects of localized loads. Therefore in non-load bearing
framed structures, the moments and forces become less which in turn reduces the sections of the
members. As the walls don’t take any load, they are also of thinner dimensions. So, the lighter
structural components and walls reduce the self-weight of the whole structure which necessitates
a cheaper foundation. Also, the lighter walls which can be easily shifted provide flexibility in
space utilization. In addition to the above mentioned advantages the framed structure is more
effective in resisting wind loads and earthquake loads.

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 Selection of Building Plan
Starting the construction of a building, however big or small, has always been associated
with a big set of Questions. Among the many questions that crosses one’s mind the most
important question is, how to design and what things one should keep in mind while designing?
Different people have different design requirements. The design used by one may affect other
people living in the vicinity. There should be some standards on which building designs can be
based. Keeping this need of standardization in mind there was a need to formulate certain rules
and regulations that one should follow while constructing a building. Therefore, some rules and
regulations were formed by government to regulate the construction of the buildings known
as Building by laws or Building Regulation.

Building Bye laws are the rules and regulations set forth by the concerned government
authorities and updated time to time. These regulations guide us about what to construct, how
and where. All the government and the non government authorities work according to the
building by laws applicable in there locality.

Bye-Laws / Building Regulation Set Out:

 What qualifies as ‘building work’ and so fall under the control of the regulations.

 What types of buildings are exempt (such as temporary buildings)

 The notification procedures that must be followed when starting, carrying out, and completing
building work.

 Requirements for specific aspects of building design and construction.

Structure:

Requires buildings to be designed, constructed or altered so as to be structurally safe and

robust, and so as not to impair the structural stability of other buildings. It stipulates design
standards for use on all buildings and gives simple design rules for
most masonry and timberelements for traditional domestic buildings. It includes diagrams
of structures such as roof frames and brick walls, and tables of material strengths.

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Ventilation:

It includes standards for ventilation and air quality for all buildings. It also covers
requirements for the prevention of condensation.

Natural Lighting:

The building should be designed in such a way that each and every room should receive
natural lighting from sunlight in the daytime to reduce electricity expenses.

Standards Specified by Building Bye-Laws:

Sl.
Area of the plot (m2) Maximum permissible covered area (m2)
No.

2
66 3 % of the plot area on the ground and first floor and nothing
1. Less than 200
on the second floor.

2. 201 to 500 50 % of the plot area or 133 m2 whichever is more.

3. 501 to 1000 40 % of the plot area or 250 m2 whichever is more.

1
4. More than 1000 333 % of the plot area or 400 m2 whichever is more.

Table 1Covered Area or plinth area in residential plots

The building bye-laws specified for the dimensions of rooms, kitchen etc is reproduced in
concise form as follows:

Minimum Standards

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 Description Minimum Requirements

More than 300mm

Plinth Height 450mm in general

150mm for garages

Habitat Rooms - Area 9.5 m2

2.4m – minimum width

Only one Room
9.5m2 – minimum for one room

Two-Rooms 7.5 m2 for other rooms (with a minimum width of 2.4m)

Kitchen
5.5m2 with minimum width of kitchen 1.8m
Kitchen-cum store

Bath room 1.5 m x 1.2m or 1.8 m2 area

Habitable Room Heights

2.75m
For Habitable Rooms

2.4m
Habitable Rooms if Air-

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 conditioned

Depth of Foundation
0.75 m to 1m below finished G.L.
For single storied building

For double storeyed building 1m to 1.3 below finished G.L.

Table 2Minimum Standards as per Building Bye-Laws

The above mentioned Building Bye-Laws as specified by the competent authority has been
considered and accordingly the architectural plan is drawn.

Seismic Zone

India being a large landmass is particularly prone to earthquakes. The Indian subcontinent
is divided into five seismic zones with respect to the severity of the earthquakes. The
classification of the zones has been done by the geologist and scientist as early as 1956 when a 3-
zone (Severe, Light and Minor hazard) Seismic Zoning Map of India was produced. Since then
the issue of seismic hazard has been addressed by different experts and agencies

Seismic Active Zone

The design of a seismic resistant building involves the usage of seismic coefficients. For
the purpose manipulating these coefficients the country is divided into 5 zones as recommended
in IS: 1897 Part I 2002.

As India is divided into 5 zones, out of those Northeast is considered to be in Zone V. Zone
V is the most vulnerable to earthquakes, where historically some of the country’s most powerful
shock have occurred. This region included the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, parts of north-
western Bihar, Rann of Kutchh in Gujarat and entire North East region including Assam.
Earthquakes with magnitudes in excess of 7.0 have occurred in these areas in the recent past.
Also the residential buildings where most of the urban stock resides are having the number of

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stories varying from four to eight. So in the present analysis and design of residential building,
we have considered a Six-Storied building located in the Seismic Zone-V.

Design Philosophies:

There are three design philosophies to design are in reinforced concrete structures. These
are:

1. Working stress method

2. Ultimate load method

3. Limit state method.

In the ‘working stress’ method it is seen that the permissible stresses for concrete and
steel are not exceeded anywhere in the structure when it is subjected to the worst combination of
working loads. A linear variation of stress form zero at the neutral axis to the maximum stress at
the extreme fibre is assumed.

Practically, the stress strain curve for concrete is not linear as it was assumed in working
stress method. So, in ‘ultimate load’ design an idealized form of actual stress strain diagram is
used and the working loads are increased by multiplying them with the load factors.

The basis for ‘limit state’ method is a structure with appropriate degrees of reliability
should be able to withstand safely all loads that are liable to act on it throughout its life and it
should also satisfy the serviceability requirements such as limitations on deflection and cracking.

Limit state method is the most rational method of the three methods. It considers the
actual behaviour of the materials at failure and also it takes serviceability also into consideration.
Therefore, limit state method has been employed in this work.

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PROPOSED FLOOR PLAN

Figure 1 Floor Plan

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Column Grid:

Figure 2 Column Grid

Preliminary Design Data :

The preliminary design data that we have used in designing the structure has
been summarized below:

Area of Plinth: 560.1150 m2

Type of structure: 6 storied RCC rigid jointed frame (G+5)

Dimension of walls: 250 mm thick external walls including plaster

125 mm thick internal walls including plaster

Earthquake analysis: Equivalent Static Method (ESM) as per IS 1893-2002

Design of Elements: As per IS 456:2000 and SP 16:1978

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No of Storeys: G+5

Type of Soil: Medium soil

Weight of Soil: 18 kN/m3

Seismic Zone: V

Material Properties:

Grade of Concrete: M25 (for slabs, beams, columns and foundations)

Type of steel: HYSD of Grade Fe 415 confirming to IS 1786 (2008)

Geometric Properties:

Dimensions of wall: 250mm thick outer wall including plaster and

125 mm thick inner wall including plaster

Height of each floor: 3.3 for ground Floor

3.3 m for all other floors

Plinth Height: 500 mm

Depth of slab: 140 mm (for roof and all floors)

Column size: 400 mm x 400mm

Beam size: 300mm x 300 mm

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DESIGN OF SLABS

Figure 3 Slab numbering

1.Slab S1 at Roof (4 x 4)

5.1.1 Data Available

Ly = 4000 mm,

Lx= 4000 mm;

Ly/Lx= 1<2,

Therefore Two way slab

1. 1Calculation of Depth from Serviceability Criteria:

l/d=26

Let us assume M.F=1.3

(l/d)min=26*1.3

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d=4000/26*1.3 =120mm

D = 120+20(Clear Cover) = 140 mm

1.2 Calculation of Loads:

1.2.1 Dead Load as per IS 875 (Part-I):1987

Self-weight of slab = .140 × 25*1 = 3.5 kN/m

Floor finish = (0.02*26.5*1)+(0.012*20*1)= 0.77kN/m

1.2.2 Live load as per IS 875 (Part-II):1987

For residential building and Roof Slab

Live Load= 1.5 kN/m2(With access provided)

Factored load = 1.5× (3.5+1.5+0.77) =8.655 kN/m

1.2.3 Calculation of Design Moments

Ly/Lx= 1 and two adjacent ends are discontinuous

αx = 0.047 [As per Table 26, IS 456:2000]

αy = 0.047

Mx = αxwlx2

My = αywlx2

Putting the values

Mx= 6.508kN-m

My = 6.508kN-m

So Mu =6.508kN-m (maximum 0f Mxand My)

1.3 Check for Depth Provided

Now, 0.138 fckbd2 =6.508 × 106

Solving the equation

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d =40 mm < 120 mm. Hence Ok.

1.4 Steel Reinforcement:

1.4.1 Along X Direction

Middle Strip

Width of Middle Strip= (3/4)*4000 mm =3000 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast = 153 mm2

Now (Ast)min=0.12bD/100 = 168 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=168 mm2

Spacing @ (1000 x( pi/4)x82)/168=300 mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d =360 mm, 300mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 300 mm c/c.

Edge Strip

Width of edge strip= 1/8*4000 mm = 500 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast=156mm2

We provide minimum reinforcement on the edge strip, i.e.

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 = 168 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Astmin=168mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x (pi/4) x82/168 = 300 mm

Check for Spacing

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Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*120 =360 mm, 300 mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 300 mm c/c.

1.4.2Along Y Direction

Middle Strip

Width of Middle Strip= ¾*4000 mm =3000 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast = 153 mm2

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 = 168 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=168 mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x pi/4 x82/168=300mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*120 =360 mm, 300 mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 300 mm c/c.

Edge Strip

Width of edge strip= 1/8*4000 mm = 500mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast=156mm2

We provide minimum reinforcement on the edge strip, i.e.

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 =168mm2

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Hence provide main reinforcement, Astmin=168 mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x pi/4 x82/168= 300 mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*120 =360 mm, 300 mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 300 mm c/c.

1.5 Check for Deflection

% of Steel provided= Ast*100/(1000*d)=0.14%

Actual main steel provided=1000*pi/4*82/300= 168 mm2

Therefore fs=0.58*fy*Ast(required)/Ast(provided)= 240N/mm2

Therefore Modification Factor, k=2

Hence (l/d)max=2*26=52

And (l/d)provided= (4000/120)=33.33< 52

Hence the design is safe.

1.6 Bent up bars

Half of the main reinforcement is provided as Bent up bars.

Alternate bars are bent up i.e 168/2 =84mm2

At Bottom=0.15*l=600mm

At Top=0.1*l=400mm

1.7 Check for Shear Force

Shear force induced in the slab, Vu=w*l/2=8.655*4.00/2=17.31 KN

Therefore shear force, ζv= Vu/(1000*d)=0.14425 N/mm2

From Table 19, IS 456:2000, we have ζc = 0.29 N/mm2

Hence the section is safe against induced shear force.

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2.Slab S2 at Roof (4x4)

5.1.1 Data Available

Ly = 4000 mm,

Lx= 4000 mm;

Ly/Lx= 1<2,

Therefore Two way slab

2. 1Calculation of Depth from Serviceability Criteria:

l/d=26

Let us assume M.F=1.3

(l/d)min=26*1.3

d=4000/26*1.3 =120mm

D = 120+20(Clear Cover) = 140 mm

2.2 Calculation of Loads:

2.2.1 Dead Load as per IS 875 (Part-I):1987

Self-weight of slab = .140 × 25*1 = 3.5 kN/m

Floor finish = (0.02*26.5*1)+(0.012*20*1)= 0.77kN/m

2.2.2 Live load as per IS 875 (Part-II):1987

For residential building and Roof Slab

Live Load= 1.5 kN/m2(With access provided)

Factored load = 1.5× (3.5+1.5+0.77) =8.655 kN/m

2.2.3 Calculation of Design Moments

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Ly/Lx= 1 and one long edge discontinuous

αx = 0.037 [As per Table 26, IS 456:2000]

αy = 0.037

Mx = αxwlx2

My = αywlx2

Putting the values

Mx = 5.100 kN-m

My = 5.100 kN-m

So Mu =5.100 kN-m (maximum 0f Mxand My)

2.3 Check for Depth Provided

Now, 0.138 fckbd2 =6.508 × 106

Solving the equation

d =35 mm < 120 mm. Hence Ok.

2.4 Steel Reinforcement:

2.4.1 Along X Direction

Middle Strip

Width of Middle Strip= (3/4)*4000 mm =3000 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast = 118 mm2

Now (Ast)min=0.12bD/100 = 168 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=168 mm2

Spacing @ (1000 x( pi/4) x82)/168=300 mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

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Minimum of (3*d =360 mm, 300mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 300 mm c/c.

Edge Strip

Width of edge strip= 1/8*4000 mm = 500 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast=121mm2

We provide minimum reinforcement on the edge strip, i.e.

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 = 168 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Astmin=168mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x (pi/4) x82/168 = 300 mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*120 =360 mm, 300 mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 300 mm c/c.

2.4.2Along Y Direction

Middle Strip

Width of Middle Strip= ¾*4000 mm =3000 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast =126.84 mm2

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 = 168 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=168 mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x pi/4 x82/168=300mm

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Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*120 =360 mm, 300 mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 300 mm c/c.

Edge Strip

Width of edge strip= 1/8*4000 mm = 500mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast=130mm2

We provide minimum reinforcement on the edge strip, i.e.

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 =168mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Astmin=168 mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x pi/4 x82/168= 300 mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*120 =360 mm, 300 mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 300 mm c/c.

2.5 Check for Deflection

% of Steel provided= Ast*100/(1000*d)=0.14%

Actual main steel provided=1000*pi/4*82/300= 168 mm2

Therefore fs=0.58*fy*Ast(required)/Ast(provided)= 240N/mm2

Therefore Modification Factor, k=2

Hence (l/d)max=2*26=52

And (l/d)provided= (4000/120)=33.33 < 52

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Hence the design is safe.

2.6 Bent up bars

Half of the main reinforcement is provided as Bent up bars.

Alternate bars are bent up i.e 168/2 =84mm2

At Bottom=0.15*l=600mm

At Top=0.1*l=400mm

2.7 Check for Shear Force

Shear force induced in the slab, Vu=w*l/2=8.655*4.00/2=17.31 KN

Therefore shear force, ζv= Vu/(1000*d)=0.14425 N/mm2

From Table 19, IS 456:2000, we have ζc = 0.29 N/mm2

Hence the section is safe against induced shear force.

3.Slab S4 at Roof (2x4)

5.1.1 Data Available

Ly = 4000 mm,

Lx= 2000 mm;

Ly/Lx= 2 (ly/lx <=2)

Therefore Two way slab

3. 1Calculation of Depth from Serviceability Criteria:

l/d=26

Let us assume M.F=1.3

(l/d)min=26*1.3

28 | P a g e
d=2000/26*1.3 =60mm

D = 60+20(Clear Cover) = 80 mm

3.2 Calculation of Loads:

3.2.1 Dead Load as per IS 875 (Part-I):1987

Self-weight of slab =0 .080 × 25*1 = 2 kN/m

Floor finish = (0.02*26.5*1)+(0.012*20*1)= 0.77kN/m

3.2.2 Live load as per IS 875 (Part-II):1987

For residential building and Roof Slab

Live Load= 1.5 kN/m2(With access provided)

Factored load = 1.5× (2+1.5+0.77) =6.405 kN/m

3.2.3 Calculation of Design Moments

Ly/Lx=2 and one short edge discontinuous

αx = 0.037 [As per Table 26, IS 456:2000]

αy = 0.037

Mx = αxwlx2

My = αywlx2

Putting the values

Mx = 0.947 kN-m

My = 0.947 kN-m

So Mu =0.947 kN-m (maximum 0f Mxand My)

3.3 Check for Depth Provided

Now, 0.138 fckbd2 =6.508 × 106

Solving the equation

29 | P a g e
d =15 mm < 60 mm. Hence Ok.

3.4 Steel Reinforcement:

3.4.1 Along X Direction

Middle Strip

Width of Middle Strip= (3/4)*4000 mm =3000 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast = 44 mm2

Now (Ast)min=0.12bD/100 =96 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=96mm2

Spacing @ (1000 x( pi/4) x82)/96=520 mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d =180 mm, 300mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 180 mm c/c.

Edge Strip

Width of edge strip= 1/8*4000 mm = 500 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast=47mm2

We provide minimum reinforcement on the edge strip, i.e.

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 = 96 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Astmin=96mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x (pi/4) x82/96 = 520mm

Check for Spacing

30 | P a g e
Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*60 =180 mm, 300 mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 180 mm c/c.

3.4.2Along Y Direction

Middle Strip

Width of Middle Strip= ¾*4000 mm =3000 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast = 44 mm2

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 = 96 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=96 mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x pi/4 x82/96=520mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*60 =360 mm, 300 mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 180 mm c/c.

Edge Strip

Width of edge strip= 1/8*4000 mm = 500mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast=53.5mm2

We provide minimum reinforcement on the edge strip, i.e.

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 =96mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Astmin=96 mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x pi/4 x82/96= 520 mm

31 | P a g e
Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*120 =180 mm, 300 mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 180 mm c/c.

3.5 Check for Deflection

% of Steel provided= Ast*100/(1000*d)=0.350%

Actual main steel provided=1000*pi/4*82/180= 280.11 mm2

Therefore fs=0.58*fy*Ast(required)/Ast(provided) = 82.5N/mm2

Therefore Modification Factor, k=2

Hence (l/d)max=2*26=52

And (l/d)provided= (4000/120)=33.33 < 52

Hence the design is safe.

3.6 Bent up bars

Half of the main reinforcement is provided as Bent up bars.

Alternate bars are bent up i.e280/2 =140mm2

At Bottom=0.15*l=200mm

At Top=0.1*l=300mm

3.7Check for Shear Force

Shear force induced in the slab, Vu=w*l/2=6.405*2.00/2=6.405 KN

Therefore shear force, ζv= Vu/(1000*d)=0.106 N/mm2

From Table 19, IS 456:2000, we have ζc = 0.36 N/mm2

Hence the section is safe against induced shear force.

32 | P a g e
4.Slab S3 at Roof (2x4)

5.1.1 Data Available

Ly = 4000 mm,

Lx= 2000 mm;

Ly/Lx= 2<=2,

Therefore Two way slab

4. 1Calculation of Depth from Serviceability Criteria:

l/d=26

Let us assume M.F=1.3

(l/d)min=26*1.3

d=2000/26*1.3 =60mm

D = 60+20(Clear Cover) = 80 mm

4.2 Calculation of Loads:

4.2.1 Dead Load as per IS 875 (Part-I):1987

Self-weight of slab = .080 × 25*1 = 2 kN/m

Floor finish = (0.02*26.5*1)+(0.012*20*1)= 0.77kN/m

4.2.2 Live load as per IS 875 (Part-II):1987

For residential building and Roof Slab

Live Load= 1.5 kN/m2(With access provided)

Factored load = 1.5× (2+1.5+0.77) =6.405kN/m

4.2.3 Calculation of Design Moments

33 | P a g e
Ly/Lx= 2andan interior pannel

αx = 0.065 [As per Table 26, IS 456:2000]

αy = 0.032

Mx = αxwlx2

My = αywlx2

Putting the values

Mx = 1.6653kN-m

My = 0.820kN-m

So Mu =1.6653kN-m (maximum 0f Mxand My)

4.3 Check for Depth Provided

Now, 0.138 fckbd2 =6.508 × 106

Solving the equation

d =20 mm <60 mm. Hence Ok.

4.4 Steel Reinforcement:

4.4.1 Along X Direction

Middle Strip

Width of Middle Strip= (3/4)*4000 mm =3000 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast = 76.65 mm2

Now (Ast)min=0.12bD/100 = 96 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=96 mm2

Spacing @ (1000 x( pi/4) x82)/96=520 mm

Check for Spacing

34 | P a g e
Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d =180 mm, 300mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 180 mm c/c.

Edge Strip

Width of edge strip= 1/8*4000 mm = 500 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast=80mm2

We provide minimum reinforcement on the edge strip, i.e.

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 = 96 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Astmin=96mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x (pi/4) x82/96 =520 mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*60 =180 mm, 300 mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 180 mm c/c.

4.4.2Along Y Direction

Middle Strip

Width of Middle Strip= ¾*2000 mm =1500 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast =77.821 mm2

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 =96 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=96 mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x pi/4 x82/96=520mm

35 | P a g e
Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*60 =180 mm, 300 mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 180 mm c/c.

Edge Strip

Width of edge strip= 1/8*2000 mm = 250mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast=85mm2

We provide minimum reinforcement on the edge strip, i.e.

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 =96mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Astmin=96 mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x pi/4 x82/96= 520 mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*60 =180 mm, 300 mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 180 mm c/c.

4.5 Check for Deflection

% of Steel provided= Ast*100/(1000*d)=0.12%

Actual main steel provided=1000*pi/4*82/180= 280 mm2

Therefore fs=0.58*fy*Ast(required)/Ast(provided)= 605.2N/mm2

Therefore Modification Factor, k=2

Hence (l/d)max=2*26=52

And (l/d)provided= (2000/120)=16.67< 52

36 | P a g e
Hence the design is safe.

4.6 Bent up bars

Half of the main reinforcement is provided as Bent up bars.

Alternate bars are bent up i.e96/2 =48mm2

At Bottom=0.1*l=400mm

At Top=0.15*l=600mm

4.7 Check for Shear Force

Shear force induced in the slab, Vu=w*l/2=6.405*4.00/2=12.81 KN

Therefore shear force, ζv= Vu/(1000*d)=0.2135 N/mm2

From Table 19, IS 456:2000, we have ζc = 0.29 N/mm2

Hence the section is safe against induced shear force.

5.Slab S1 at Floor (4 x 4)

5.1.1 Data Available

Ly = 4000 mm,

Lx= 4000 mm;

Ly/Lx= 1<2,

Therefore Two way slab

5. 1Calculation of Depth from Serviceability Criteria:

l/d=26

Let us assume M.F=1.3

(l/d)min=26*1.3

37 | P a g e
d=4000/26*1.3 =120mm

D = 120+20(Clear Cover) = 140 mm

5.2 Calculation of Loads:

5.2.1 Dead Load as per IS 875 (Part-I):1987

Self-weight of slab = .140 × 25*1 = 3.5 kN/m

Floor finish = (0.02*26.5*1)+(0.012*20*1)= 0.77kN/m

5.2.2 Live load as per IS 875 (Part-II):1987

For residential building and Floor Slab

Live Load= 2 kN/m2(With access provided)

Factored load = 1.5× (3.5+2+0.77) =9.405kN/m

5.2.3 Calculation of Design Moments

Ly/Lx= 1 andtwo adjacent edges discontinuous

αx = 0.047 [As per Table 26, IS 456:2000]

αy = 0.047

Mx = αxwlx2

My = αywlx2

Putting the values

Mx = 7.503kN-m

My = 7.503 kN-m

So Mu =7.503 kN-m (maximum 0f Mxand My)

5.3 Check for Depth Provided

Now, 0.138 fckbd2 =7.503 × 106

Solving the equation

d =42.57 mm < 120 mm. Hence Ok.

38 | P a g e
5.4 Steel Reinforcement:

5.4.1 Along X Direction

Middle Strip

Width of Middle Strip= (3/4)*4000 mm =3000 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast = 176.86 mm2

Now (Ast)min=0.12bD/100 = 168 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=177 mm2

Spacing @ (1000 x( pi/4) x82)/177=284 mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d =360 mm, 300mm,284mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 285 mm c/c.

Edge Strip

Width of edge strip= 1/8*4000 mm = 500 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast=176.86mm2

We provide minimum reinforcement on the edge strip, i.e.

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 = 168 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Astmin=177mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x (pi/4) x82/177 = 284 mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

39 | P a g e
Minimum of (3*d = 3*120 =360 mm, 300 mm,284mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 285 mm c/c.

5.4.2Along Y Direction

Middle Strip

Width of Middle Strip= ¾*4000 mm =3000 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast = 176.86 mm2

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 = 168 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=177mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x pi/4 x82/177=284mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*120 =360 mm, 300 mm,284)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 285 mm c/c.

Edge Strip

Width of edge strip= 1/8*4000 mm = 500mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast=176.86mm2

We provide minimum reinforcement on the edge strip, i.e.

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 =168mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Astmin=177 mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x pi/4 x82/177= 284mm

40 | P a g e
Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*120 =360 mm, 300 mm,284mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 285 mm c/c.

5.5 Check for Deflection

% of Steel provided= Ast*100/(1000*d)=0.1475%

Actual main steel provided=1000*pi/4*82/285=177 mm2

Therefore fs=0.58*fy*Ast(required)/Ast(provided)= 240N/mm2

Therefore Modification Factor, k=2

Hence (l/d)max=2*26=52

And (l/d)provided= (4000/120)=33.33 < 52

Hence the design is safe.

5.6 Bent up bars

Half of the main reinforcement is provided as Bent up bars.

Alternate bars are bent up i.e177/2 =88.5mm2

At Bottom=0.15*l=600mm

At Top=0.1*l=400mm

5.7 Check for Shear Force

Shear force induced in the slab, Vu=w*l/2=9.405*4.00/2=18.81KN

Therefore shear force, ζv= Vu/(1000*d)=0.156 N/mm2

From Table 19, IS 456:2000, we have ζc = 0.29 N/mm2

Hence the section is safe against induced shear force.

41 | P a g e
6.Slab S2 at Floor (4 x 4)

5.1.1 Data Available

Ly = 4000 mm,

Lx= 4000 mm;

Ly/Lx= 1<2,

Therefore Two way slab

6. 1Calculation of Depth from Serviceability Criteria:

l/d=26

Let us assume M.F=1.3

(l/d)min=26*1.3

d=4000/26*1.3 =120mm

D = 120+20(Clear Cover) = 140 mm

6.2 Calculation of Loads:

6.2.1 Dead Load as per IS 875 (Part-I):1987

Self-weight of slab = .140 × 25*1 = 3.5 kN/m

Floor finish = (0.02*26.5*1)+(0.012*20*1)= 0.77kN/m

6.2.2 Live load as per IS 875 (Part-II):1987

For residential building and Floor Slab

Live Load= 2 kN/m2(With access provided)

Factored load = 1.5× (3.5+2+0.77) =9.405kN/m

6.2.3 Calculation of Design Moments

42 | P a g e
Ly/Lx= 1 andone long edge discontinuous

αx = 0.037 [As per Table 26, IS 456:2000]

αy = 0.037

Mx = αxwlx2

My = αywlx2

Putting the values

Mx = 5.906kN-m

My = 5.906kN-m

So Mu =5.906kN-m (maximum 0f Mxand My)

6.3 Check for Depth Provided

Now, 0.138 fckbd2 =5.906 × 106

Solving the equation

d =33.77mm < 120 mm. Hence Ok.

6.4 Steel Reinforcement:

6.4.1 Along X Direction

Middle Strip

Width of Middle Strip= (3/4)*4000 mm =3000 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast = 138.598 mm2

Now (Ast)min=0.12bD/100 = 168 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=168 mm2

Spacing @ (1000 x( pi/4) x82)/168=300 mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

43 | P a g e
Minimum of (3*d =360 mm, 300mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 300 mm c/c.

Edge Strip

Width of edge strip= 1/8*4000 mm = 500 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast=138.598

We provide minimum reinforcement on the edge strip, i.e.

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 = 168 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Astmin=168mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x (pi/4) x82/168 = 300mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*120 =360 mm, 300 mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 300 mm c/c.

6.4.2Along Y Direction

Middle Strip

Width of Middle Strip= ¾*4000 mm =3000 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast = 138.598 mm2

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 = 168 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=168mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x pi/4 x82/168=300mm

Check for Spacing

44 | P a g e
Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*120 =360 mm, 300 mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 300 mm c/c.

Edge Strip

Width of edge strip= 1/8*4000 mm = 500mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast=138.598mm2

We provide minimum reinforcement on the edge strip, i.e.

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 =168mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Astmin=168 mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x pi/4 x82/168= 300mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*120 =360 mm, 300 mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 300 mm c/c.

6.5 Check for Deflection

% of Steel provided= Ast*100/(1000*d)=0.14%

Actual main steel provided=1000*pi/4*82/300=168mm2

Therefore fs=0.58*fy*Ast(required)/Ast(provided)= 240N/mm2

Therefore Modification Factor, k=2

Hence (l/d)max=2*26=52

And (l/d)provided= (4000/120)=33.33 < 52

Hence the design is safe.

45 | P a g e
6.6 Bent up bars

Half of the main reinforcement is provided as Bent up bars.

Alternate bars are bent up i.e168/2 =84mm2

At Bottom=0.15*l=600mm

At Top=0.1*l=400mm

6.7 Check for Shear Force

Shear force induced in the slab, Vu=w*l/2=9.405*4.00/2=18.81KN

Therefore shear force, ζv= Vu/(1000*d)=0.156 N/mm2

From Table 19, IS 456:2000, we have ζc = 0.29 N/mm2

Hence the section is safe against induced shear force.

7.Slab S3 at Floor (4 x 2)

7.1.1 Data Available

Ly = 4000 mm,

Lx= 2000 mm;

Ly/Lx=2<=2,

Therefore Two way slab

7. 1Calculation of Depth from Serviceability Criteria:

l/d=26

Let us assume M.F=1.3

(l/d)min=26*1.3

d=2000/26*1.3 =60mm

46 | P a g e
D = 120+20(Clear Cover) = 80 mm

7.2 Calculation of Loads:

7.2.1 Dead Load as per IS 875 (Part-I):1987

Self-weight of slab = .140 × 25*1 = 3.5 kN/m

Floor finish = (0.02*26.5*1)+(0.012*20*1)= 0.77kN/m

7.2.2 Live load as per IS 875 (Part-II):1987

For residential building and Floor Slab

Live Load= 2 kN/m2(With access provided)

Factored load = 1.5× (3.5+2+0.77) =9.405kN/m

7.2.3 Calculation of Design Moments

Ly/Lx= 2andan interior pannel

αx = 0.065 [As per Table 26, IS 456:2000]

αy = 0.032

Mx = αxwlx2

My = αywlx2

Putting the values

Mx = 2.747kN-m

My = 1.352 kN-m

So Mu =2.747 kN-m (maximum 0f Mxand My)

7.3 Check for Depth Provided

Now, 0.138 fckbd2 =2.747 × 106

Solving the equation

d =25.75mm <60 mm. Hence Ok

7.4 Steel Reinforcement:

47 | P a g e
7.4.1 Along X Direction

Middle Strip

Width of Middle Strip= (3/4)*2000 mm =1500 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast =132.98mm2

Now (Ast)min=0.12bD/100 = 96 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=133 mm2

Spacing @ (1000 x( pi/4) x82)/133=378 mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d =180 mm, 300mm,378mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 180 mm c/c.

Edge Strip

Width of edge strip= 1/8*2000 mm = 250 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast=132.98mm2

We provide minimum reinforcement on the edge strip, i.e.

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 = 96 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=133mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x (pi/4) x82/133 = 378mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*60 =180mm, 300 mm,378mm)

48 | P a g e
Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 180 mm c/c.

7.4.2Along Y Direction

Middle Strip

Width of Middle Strip= ¾*4000 mm =3000 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast = 132.98 mm2

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 =96 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=133mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x pi/4 x82/133=378mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*60 =180 mm, 300 mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 180 mm c/c.

Edge Strip

Width of edge strip= 1/8*4000 mm = 500mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast=132.98mm2

We provide minimum reinforcement on the edge strip, i.e.

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 =96mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=133 mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x pi/4 x82/133= 378mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

49 | P a g e
Minimum of (3*d = 3*60 =180 mm, 300 mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 180 mm c/c.

7.5 Check for Deflection

% of Steel provided= Ast*100/(1000*d)=0.221%

Actual main steel provided=1000*pi/4*82/180=279.52mm2

Therefore fs=fs=0.58*fy*Ast(required)/Ast(provided)= 114.52N/mm2

Therefore Modification Factor, k=2

Hence (l/d)max=2*26=52

And (l/d)provided= (2000/60)=33.33 < 52

Hence the design is safe.

7.6 Bent up bars

Half of the main reinforcement is provided as Bent up bars.

Alternate bars are bent up i.e280/2 =140mm2

At Bottom=0.15*l=150mm

At Top=0.1*l=100mm

7.7 Check for Shear Force

Shear force induced in the slab, Vu=w*l/2=9.405*2.00/2=9.405KN

Therefore shear force, ζv= Vu/(1000*d)=0.157 N/mm2

From Table 19, IS 456:2000, we have ζc = 0.29 N/mm2

Hence the section is safe against induced shear force.

50 | P a g e
8.Slab S4 at Floor (4 x 2)

5.1.1 Data Available

Ly = 4000 mm,

Lx= 2000 mm;

Ly/Lx=2<=2,

Therefore Two way slab

8. 1Calculation of Depth from Serviceability Criteria:

l/d=26

Let us assume M.F=1.3

(l/d)min=26*1.3

d=2000/26*1.3 =60mm

D = 60+20(Clear Cover) =80 mm

8.2 Calculation of Loads:

8.2.1 Dead Load as per IS 875 (Part-I):1987

Self-weight of slab = .140 × 25*1 = 3.5 kN/m

Floor finish = (0.02*26.5*1)+(0.012*20*1)= 0.77kN/m

8.2.2 Live load as per IS 875 (Part-II):1987

For residential building and Floor Slab

Live Load= 2 kN/m2(With access provided)

Factored load = 1.5× (3.5+2+0.77) =9.405kN/m

8.2.3 Calculation of Design Moments

51 | P a g e
Ly/Lx= 2with one short edge discontinuous

αx = 0.068 [As per Table 26, IS 456:2000]

αy = 0.052

Mx = αxwlx2

My = αywlx2

Putting the values

Mx = 2.5581kN-m

My = 1.956kN-m

So Mu =2.5581kN-m (maximum 0f Mxand My)

8.3 Check for Depth Provided

Now, 0.138 fckbd2 =2.747 × 106

Solving the equation

d =30.441mm <60 mm. Hence Ok.

8.4 Steel Reinforcement:

8.4.1 Along X Direction

Middle Strip

Width of Middle Strip= (3/4)*2000 mm =1500 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast = 123.41mm2

Now (Ast)min=0.12bD/100 = 96 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=124 mm2

Spacing @ (1000 x( pi/4) x82)/124=405.36 mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

52 | P a g e
Minimum of (3*d =180 mm, 300mm,405.36mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 180 mm c/c.

Edge Strip

Width of edge strip= 1/8*2000 mm =250 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast=123.41mm2

We provide minimum reinforcement on the edge strip, i.e.

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 =96 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=124mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x (pi/4) x82/124 = 405mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*60 =180 mm, 300 mm,405mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 180 mm c/c.

8.4.2Along Y Direction

Middle Strip

Width of Middle Strip= ¾*4000 mm =3000 mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast = 123.41 mm2

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 = 96 mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=124mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x pi/4 x82/124=405mm

Check for Spacing

53 | P a g e
Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*60 =180 mm, 300 mm,405mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 180 mm c/c.

Edge Strip

Width of edge strip= 1/8*4000 mm = 500mm

Ast= 0.5 bdfck/fy [1 - (1 - 4.6Mu/fckbd2)0.5]

Putting the values

Ast=123.5mm2

We provide minimum reinforcement on the edge strip, i.e.

Now Astmin=0.12bD/100 =96mm2

Hence provide main reinforcement, Ast=124 mm2

Spacing @ 1000 x pi/4 x82/124= 405mm

Check for Spacing

Spacing should not be more than lesser of the following:

Minimum of (3*d = 3*60 =180 mm, 300 mm,405mm)

Hence Provide 8 mm dia bars @ spacing 180 mm c/c.

8.5 Check for Deflection

% of Steel provided= Ast*100/(1000*d)=0.205%

Actual main steel provided=1000*pi/4*82/180=280mm2

Therefore fs=0.58*fy*Ast(required)/Ast(provided) =106.6 N/mm2

Therefore Modification Factor, k=2

Hence (l/d)max=2*26=52

And (l/d)provided= (2000/60)=33.33 < 52

Hence the design is safe.

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8.6 Bent up bars

Half of the main reinforcement is provided as Bent up bars.

Alternate bars are bent up i.e124/2 =62mm2

At Bottom=0.15*l=150mm

At Top=0.1*l=100mm

8.7 Check for Shear Force

Shear force induced in the slab, Vu=w*l/2=9.405*2.00/2=9.405KN

Therefore shear force, ζv= Vu/(1000*d)=0.15675 N/mm2

From Table 19, IS 456:2000, we have ζc = 0.29 N/mm2

Hence the section is safe against induced shear force.

Reinforcement Detailing:

Figure 4 Reinforcement in slab : Top view

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Figure 5 Reinforcements in slab : Side view

Figure 6 Reinforcement in slab : Top view

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Analysis of Frames

Methods used for the analysis of the frames

1. Moment Distribution Method

2. Portal Frame Method

The process of working out is explained in the following two sections:

Moment Distribution Method

The method only accounts for flexural effects and ignores axial and shear
effects. In order to apply the moment distribution method to analyse a structure,
the following things must be considered.

Fixed end moment

Fixed end moments are the moments produced at member ends by external
loads when the joints are fixed.

Flexural stiffness

The flexural stiffness (EI/L) of a member is represented as the product of the

modulus ofelasticity(E) and the second moment of area (I) divided by the length (L)
of the member. What is needed in the moment distribution method is not the exact
value but the ratio of flexural stiffness of all members.

Distribution factors

When a joint is released and begins to rotate under the unbalanced moment,
resisting forces develop at each member framed together at the joint. Although the
total resistance is equal to the unbalanced moment, the magnitudes of resisting
forces developed at each member differ by the members' flexural stiffness.
Distribution factors can be defined as the proportions of the unbalanced moments
carried by each of the members. In mathematical terms, distribution factor of

member framed at joint is given as:

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 Where n is the number of members framed at the joint.

Carryover factors

When a joint is released, balancing moment occurs to counterbalance the

unbalanced moment which is initially the same as the fixed-end moment. This
balancing moment is then carried over to the member's other end. The ratio of the
carried-over moment at the other end to the fixed-end moment of the initial end is
the carryover factor.

Sign convention

Once a sign convention has been chosen, it has to be maintained for the whole
structure. The traditional engineer's sign convention is not used in the calculations
of the moment distribution method although the results can be expressed in the
conventional way. In the BMD case, the left side moment is clockwise direction and
other is anticlockwise direction so the bending is positive and is called sagging.

Portal Frame Method

The Following assumptions are used while using this method:

1. Moment resistant joints.

2. Only lateral load
3. Lateral forces resisted by frame-joint action.
4. Points of contra flexure are located at mid span of members
5. Overturning is resisted by external columns.

Specifications

Beam Size= 300 x 300 mm

Column Size = 300 x 300 mm

58 | P a g e
Analysis of frame in longer direction

Analysis for beam ABCDEFG at floor level

Figure 7 Frame in longer direction

Substitute frame:

Figure 8 Substitute frame

Distribution factors for horizontal members

Member M.I of beamm length of beam I/L for beam DISTRIBUTION FACTOR
AB 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.27
BA 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.21
BC 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.21
CB 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.21
CD 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.21
DC 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.21
DE 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.21
ED 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.21
EF 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.21

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FE 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.21
FG 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.21
GF 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.27

Table 3Distribution factors for horizontal members

Distribution factors for vertical members

MEMBER M.I of column(mm^4) length of column(mm) I/L for column DISTRIBUTION FACTOR
AW 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.36
AT 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.36
BS 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.29
BR 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.29
CQ 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.29
CP 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.29
DO 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.29
DN 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.29
EM 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.29
EL 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.29
FK 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.29
FJ 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.29
GI 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.36
GH 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.36
Table 4Distribution factors for vertical members

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Floor loads:Dead load in longer direction:

Moment Distribution in beams

JOINT A B B C C D D E E F F G
MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DC DE ED EF FE FG GF
D.F. 0.27 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.27
FEM(DL) -47.88 47.88 -46.55 46.55 -47.88 47.88 -47.88 47.88 -46.55 46.55 -47.88 47.88
DISTRIBUTION 13.06 -0.29 -0.29 0.29 0.29 0.00 0.00 -0.29 -0.29 0.29 0.29 -13.06
CARRY OVER -0.14 6.53 0.14 -0.14 0.00 0.14 -0.14 0.00 0.14 -0.14 -6.53 0.14
DISTRIBUTION 0.04 -1.43 -1.43 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -0.03 1.43 1.43 -0.04
NET BM AT VARIOUS JOINTS -34.93 52.69 -48.12 46.72 -47.56 48.02 -48.02 47.56 -46.72 48.12 -52.69 34.93
NET POSITIVE BM AT MID SPAN AB 28.01 BC 22.40 CD 24.03 DE 24.03 EF 22.40 FG 28.01
SHEAR IN JOINTS 67.38 76.26 70.17 69.61 70.03 69.93 71.93 71.71 69.47 70.17 72.96 67.38
SHEAR AT MID POINTS AB 4.44 BC -0.35 CD 0.11 DE -0.11 EF 0.35 FG -4.44
Table 5Moment Distribution in beams

Moment Distribution in columns

JOINT A B B C C D D E E F F G
COLUMN DISTRIBUTION FACTOR
JUST ABOVE THE FLOOR 0.36 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.36
JUST BELOW THE FLOOR 0.36 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.36
HORIZONTAL MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DC DE ED EF FE FG GF
D.F. 0.27 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.27
FEM(DL) -47.88 47.88 -46.55 46.55 -47.88 47.88 -47.88 47.88 -46.55 46.55 -47.88 47.88
DISTRIBUTION 13.06 -0.29 -0.29 0.29 0.29 0.00 0.00 -0.29 -0.29 0.29 0.29 -13.06
C.O. -0.14 6.53 0.14 -0.14 0.00 0.14 -0.14 0.00 0.14 -0.14 -6.53 0.14
SUMMATION -48.02 54.41 -46.41 46.41 -47.88 48.02 -48.02 47.88 -46.41 46.41 -54.41 48.02
DISTRIBUTION TO COLUMNS
JUST ABOVE THE FLOOR 17.46 -15.55 13.26 -13.26 13.68 -13.72 13.72 -13.68 13.26 -13.26 15.55 -17.46

61 | P a g e
JUST BELOWTHE FLOOR 17.46 -15.55 13.26 -13.26 13.68 -13.72 13.72 -13.68 13.26 -13.26 15.55 -17.46
Table 6Moment Distribution in columns

Floor loads: Live load in longer direction:

Moment Distribution in beams

JOINT A B B C C D D E E F F G
MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DC DE ED EF FE FG GF
D.F. 0.27 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.27
FEM(LL) -4.67 4.67 -4.67 4.67 -4.67 4.67 -4.67 4.67 -4.67 4.67 -4.67 4.67
DISTRIBUTION 1.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.27
CARRY OVER 0.00 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.64 0.00
DISTRIBUTION 0.00 -0.14 -0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.14 0.00
NET BM AT VARIOUS JOINTS -3.39 5.17 -4.80 4.67 -4.67 4.67 -4.67 4.67 -4.67 4.80 -5.17 3.39
NET POSITIVE BM AT MID SPAN AB 67.54 BC 65.08 CD 67.15 DE 67.15 EF 65.08 FG 67.54
SHEAR IN JOINTS 71.38 72.26 69.85 69.82 69.82 69.82 71.82 71.82 69.79 69.85 71.91 71.38
SHEAR AT MID POINTS AB 0.44 BC -0.03 CD 0.00 DE 0.00 EF 0.03 FG -0.44
Table 7Moment Distribution in beams

Moment Distribution in columns

JOINT A B B C C D D E E F F G
COLUMN DISTRIBUTION FACTOR
JUST ABOVE THE FLOOR 0.36 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.36
JUST BELOW THE FLOOR 0.36 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.36
HORIZONTAL MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DC DE ED EF FE FG GF
D.F. 0.27 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.27

62 | P a g e
FEM(LL) -4.67 4.67 -4.67 4.67 -4.67 4.67 -4.67 4.67 -4.67 4.67 -4.67 4.67
DISTRIBUTION 1.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.27
C.O. 0.00 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.64 0.00
SUMMATION -4.67 5.30 -4.67 4.67 -4.67 4.67 -4.67 4.67 -4.67 4.67 -5.30 4.67
DISTRIBUTION TO COLUMNS
JUST ABOVE THE FLOOR 1.70 -1.52 1.33 -1.33 1.33 -1.33 1.33 -1.33 1.33 -1.33 1.52 -1.70
JUST BELOWTHE FLOOR 1.70 -1.52 1.33 -1.33 1.33 -1.33 1.33 -1.33 1.33 -1.33 1.52 -1.70
Table 8Moment Distribution in columns

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Analysis for beam ABCDEFG at roof level

Figure 9 Frame in longer direction

Substitute frame:

Figure 10 Substitute frame for roof level

Distribution factors for horizontal members

Member M.I of beamm length of beam I/L for beam DISTRIBUTION FACTOR
AB 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.43
BA 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.30
BC 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.30
CB 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.30
CD 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.30
DC 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.30
DE 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.30
ED 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.30
EF 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.30
FE 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.30
FG 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.30
GF 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.43
Table 9Distribution factors for horizontal members

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Distribution factors for vertical members

MEMBER M.I of column(mm^4) length of column(mm) I/L for column DISTRIBUTION FACTOR
AN 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.57
BM 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.40
CL 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.40
DK 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.40
EJ 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.40
FI 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.40
GH 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.57
Table 10Distribution factors for vertical members

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Roof loads:Dead load in longer direction:

Moment Distribution in beams

JOINT A B B C C D D E E F F G
MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DC DE ED EF FE FG GF
D.F. 0.43 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.43
FEM(DL) -9.96 9.96 -9.96 9.96 -9.96 9.96 -9.96 9.96 -9.96 9.96 -9.96 9.96
DISTRIBUTION 4.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -4.27
CARRY OVER 0.00 2.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.13 0.00
DISTRIBUTION 0.00 -0.64 -0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.64 0.00
NET BM AT VARIOUS JOINTS -5.69 11.45 -10.60 9.96 -9.96 9.96 -9.96 9.96 -9.96 10.60 -11.45 5.69
NET POSITIVE BM AT MID SPAN AB 63.25 BC 59.54 CD 61.86 DE 61.86 EF 59.54 FG 63.25
SHEAR IN JOINTS 70.38 73.26 69.98 69.82 69.82 69.82 71.82 71.82 69.66 69.98 72.03 70.38
SHEAR AT MID POINTS AB 1.44 BC -0.16 CD 0.00 DE 0.00 EF 0.16 FG -1.44
Table 11Moment Distribution in beams

Moment Distribution in columns

JOINT A B B C C D D E E F F G
COLUMN DISTRIBUTION FACTOR
JUST BELOW THE FLOOR 0.57 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.57
HORIZONTAL MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DC DE ED EF FE FG GF
D.F. 0.43 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.43
FEM(DL) -9.96 9.96 -9.96 9.96 -9.96 9.96 -9.96 9.96 -9.96 9.96 -9.96 9.96
DISTRIBUTION 4.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -4.27
C.O. 0.00 2.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.13 0.00
SUMMATION -9.96 12.09 -9.96 9.96 -9.96 9.96 -9.96 9.96 -9.96 9.96 -12.09 9.96
DISTRIBUTION TO COLUMNS
JUST BELOWTHE FLOOR 5.69 -4.84 3.98 -3.98 3.98 -3.98 3.98 -3.98 3.98 -3.98 4.84 -5.69
Table 12Moment Distribution in columns

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Roof loads: Live load in longer direction:

Moment Distribution in beams

JOINT A B B C C D D E E F F G
MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DC DE ED EF FE FG GF
D.F. 0.43 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.43
FEM(LL) -3.50 3.50 -3.50 3.50 -3.50 3.50 -3.50 3.50 -3.50 3.50 -3.50 3.50
DISTRIBUTION 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.50
CARRY OVER 0.00 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.75 0.00
DISTRIBUTION 0.00 -0.23 -0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.23 0.00
NET BM AT VARIOUS JOINTS -2.00 4.03 -3.73 3.50 -3.50 3.50 -3.50 3.50 -3.50 3.73 -4.03 2.00
NET POSITIVE BM AT MID SPAN AB 68.81 BC 66.21 CD 68.32 DE 68.32 EF 66.21 FG 68.81
SHEAR IN JOINTS 71.31 72.33 69.88 69.82 69.82 69.82 71.82 71.82 69.76 69.88 71.90 71.32
SHEAR AT MID POINTS AB 0.51 BC -0.06 CD 0.00 DE 0.00 EF 0.06 FG -0.51
Table 13Moment Distribution in beams

Moment Distribution in columns

JOINT A B B C C D D E E F F G
COLUMN DISTRIBUTION FACTOR
JUST BELOW THE FLOOR 0.57 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.57
HORIZONTAL MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DC DE ED EF FE FG GF
D.F. 0.43 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.43
FEM(LL) -3.50 3.50 -3.50 3.50 -3.50 3.50 -3.50 3.50 -3.50 3.50 -3.50 3.50
DISTRIBUTION 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.50
C.O. 0.00 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.75 0.00
SUMMATION -3.50 4.25 -3.50 3.50 -3.50 3.50 -3.50 3.50 -3.50 3.50 -4.25 3.50
DISTRIBUTION TO COLUMNS
JUST BELOWTHE FLOOR 2.00 -1.70 1.40 -1.40 1.40 -1.40 1.40 -1.40 1.40 -1.40 1.70 -2.00
Table 14Moment Distribution in columns

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Analysis of frame in shorter direction

Figure 11 Frame in shorter direction

Analysis for beam ABCD at floor level

Figure 12 Substitute frame at floor level

Distribution factors for horizontal members:

Member M.I of beam length of beam I/L of beam DISTRIBUTION FACTOR

AB 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.27
BA 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.33
BC 675000000.00 2000.00 337500.00 0.35
CB 675000000.00 2000.00 337500.00 0.35
CD 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.18
DC 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.27
Table 15Distribution factors for horizontal members

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Distribution factors for vertical members:

MEMBER M.I. of column length of column I/L for column DISTRIBUTION FACTOR
AL 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.36
AK 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.36
BJ 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.24
BI 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.24
CH 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.24
CG 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.24
DF 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.36
DE 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.36
Table 16Distribution factors for vertical members

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Floor loads: Dead in shorter

Moment distribution in beams:

JOINT A B B C C D
MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DC
D.F 0.27 0.33 0.35 0.35 0.18 0.27
FEM(DL) -54.53 54.53 -6.66 6.66 -53.20 53.20
DISTRIBUTION 14.87 -15.96 -16.90 16.43 8.21 -14.51
CARRY OVER -7.98 7.44 8.21 -8.45 -7.25 4.11
DISTRIBUTION 2.18 -5.22 -5.52 5.54 2.77 1.12
NET BM AT VARIOUS JOINTS -45.46 40.79 -20.86 20.18 -49.47 43.92
NETPOSITIVE BM AT MID SPAN AB 38.67 BC -10.53 CD 33.11
SHEAR IN JOINTS 82.97 80.63 20.32 19.63 81.19 78.41
SHEAR AT MID POINTS AB -1.17 BC -0.34 CD -5.55
Table 17Moment distribution in beams

Moment distribution in columns:

JOINT A B B C C D
COLUMN D.F
JUST ABOVE THE FLOOR 0.36 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.36
JUST BELOWTHE FLOOR 0.36 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.36
HORIZONTAL MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DC
D.F. 0.27 0.33 0.35 0.35 0.18 0.27
FEM(DL) -54.53 54.53 -6.66 6.66 -53.20 53.20
DISTRIBUTION 14.87 -15.96 -16.90 16.43 8.21 -14.51
C.O. -7.98 7.44 8.21 -8.45 -7.25 4.11
SUMMATION -62.51 61.97 1.56 -1.79 -60.45 57.31
DISTRIBUTION TO COLUMNS
JUST ABOVE THE FLOOR 22.73 -14.58 -0.37 0.42 14.22 -20.84

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JUST BELOW THE FLOOR 22.73 -14.58 -0.37 0.42 14.22 -20.84
Table 18Moment distribution in columns

Floor loads: Live in shorter

Moment Distribution in beams:

JOINT A B B C C D
MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DC
D.F 0.27 0.33 0.35 0.35 0.18 0.27
FEM(LL) -5.33 5.33 -0.67 0.67 -5.33 5.33
DISTRIBUTION 1.45 -1.56 -1.65 1.65 0.82 -1.45
CARRY OVER -0.78 0.73 0.82 -0.82 -0.73 0.41
DISTRIBUTION 0.21 -0.52 -0.55 0.55 0.27 0.11
NET BM AT VARIOUS JOINTS -4.44 3.99 -2.04 2.04 -4.96 4.40
NETPOSITIVE BM AT MID SPAN AB 77.58 BC 7.95 CD 75.12
SHEAR IN JOINTS 81.91 81.69 19.98 19.98 79.94 79.66
SHEAR AT MID POINTS AB -0.11 BC 0.00 CD -0.56
Table 19Moment Distribution in beams

Moment distribution in columns:

JOINT A B B C C D
COLUMN D.F
JUST ABOVE THE FLOOR 0.36 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.36
JUST BELOWTHE FLOOR 0.36 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.36
HORIZONTAL MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DC
D.F. 0.27 0.33 0.35 0.35 0.18 0.27
FEM(DL) -5.33 5.33 -0.67 0.67 -5.33 5.33
DISTRIBUTION 1.45 -1.56 -1.65 1.65 0.82 -1.45
C.O. -0.78 0.73 0.82 -0.82 -0.73 0.41

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SUMMATION -6.11 6.06 0.16 -0.16 -6.06 5.74
DISTRIBUTION TO COLUMNS
JUST ABOVE THE FLOOR 2.22 -1.43 -0.04 0.04 1.43 -2.09
JUST BELOW THE FLOOR 2.22 -1.43 -0.04 0.04 1.43 -2.09
Table 20Moment distribution in columns

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Analysis for beam ABCD at roof level

Figure 13 Frame for shorter direction

Figure 14 Substitute frame for roof level

Distribution factors for horizontal members:

Member M.I of beam length of beam I/L of beam DISTRIBUTION FACTOR

AB 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 1.00
BA 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.23
BC 675000000.00 2000.00 337500.00 0.46
CB 675000000.00 2000.00 337500.00 0.46
CD 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.23
DC 675000000.00 4000.00 168750.00 0.43
Table 21Distribution factors for horizontal members

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Distribution factors for horizontal members:

MEMBER M.I. of column length of column I/L for column DISTRIBUTION FACTOR
AH 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.57
BG 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.31
CF 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.31
DE 675000000.00 3000.00 225000.00 0.57
Table 22Distribution factors for horizontal members

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Roof loads: Dead in shorter

Moment distribution in beams:

JOINT A B B C C D
MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DC
D.F 1.00 0.23 0.46 0.46 0.23 0.43
FEM(DL) -11.39 11.39 -1.42 1.42 -11.39 11.39
DISTRIBUTION 11.39 -2.30 -4.60 4.60 2.30 -4.88
CARRY OVER -1.15 5.69 2.30 -2.30 -2.44 1.15
DISTRIBUTION 1.15 -1.84 -3.69 2.19 1.09 0.49
NET BM AT VARIOUS JOINTS 0.00 12.94 -7.41 5.91 -10.43 8.15
NETPOSITIVE BM AT MID SPAN AB 75.33 BC 3.33 CD 70.51
SHEAR IN JOINTS 78.57 85.03 20.73 19.22 80.37 79.23
SHEAR AT MID POINTS AB 3.23 BC -0.75 CD -2.28
Table 23Moment distribution in beams

Moment distribution in columns:

JOINT A B B C C D
COLUMN D.F
JUST BELOWTHE FLOOR 0.57 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.57
HORIZONTAL MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DC
D.F. 1.00 0.23 0.46 0.46 0.23 0.43
FEM(DL) -11.39 11.39 -1.42 1.42 -11.39 11.39
DISTRIBUTION 11.39 -2.30 -4.60 4.60 2.30 -4.88
C.O. -1.15 5.69 2.30 -2.30 -2.44 1.15
SUMMATION -12.54 17.08 0.88 -0.88 -13.83 12.54
DISTRIBUTION TO COLUMNS
JUST BELOW THE FLOOR 7.16 -5.26 -0.27 0.27 4.25 -7.16
Table 24Moment distribution in columns

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Roof loads: Live in shorter

Moment Distribution in beams:

JOINT A B B C C D
MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DC
D.F 1.00 0.23 0.46 0.46 0.23 0.43
FEM(LL) -4.00 4.00 -0.50 0.50 -4.00 4.00
DISTRIBUTION 4.00 -0.81 -1.62 1.62 0.81 -1.71
CARRY OVER -0.40 2.00 0.81 -0.81 -0.86 0.40
DISTRIBUTION 0.40 -0.65 -1.30 0.77 0.38 0.17

NET BM AT VARIOUS JOINTS 0.00 4.54 -2.60 2.08 -3.67 2.86

NETPOSITIVE BM AT MID SPAN AB 79.53 BC 7.65 CD 76.54
SHEAR IN JOINTS 80.66 82.94 20.24 19.71 80.00 79.60
SHEAR AT MID POINTS AB 1.14 BC -0.26 CD -0.80
Table 25Moment Distribution in beams

Moment distribution in columns:

JOINT A B B C C D
COLUMN D.F
JUST BELOWTHE FLOOR 0.57 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.57
HORIZONTAL MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DC
D.F. 1.00 0.23 0.46 0.46 0.23 0.43
FEM(LL) -4.00 4.00 -0.50 0.50 -4.00 4.00
DISTRIBUTION 4.00 -0.81 -1.62 1.62 0.81 -1.71
C.O. -0.40 2.00 0.81 -0.81 -0.86 0.40
SUMMATION -4.40 6.00 0.31 -0.31 -4.86 4.40
DISTRIBUTION TO COLUMNS
JUST BELOW THE FLOOR 2.52 -1.85 -0.09 0.09 1.49 -2.52

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Table 26Moment distribution in columns

Column Shear values:

Dead in longer

A B C D E F G
Column Shear Values top bottom top bottom top bottom top bottom top bottom top bottom top bottom
Top storey -7.02 7.02 0.95 -0.95 -0.13 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.13 -0.13 -0.95 0.95 7.02 -7.02
Dead Load in Longer Direction Bottom storey -10.58 10.58 1.39 -1.39 -0.26 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.26 -0.26 -1.39 1.39 10.58 -10.58
Table 27Column Shear values for dead load in longer direction

Live in longer

A B C D E F G
Column Shear Values top bottom top bottom top bottom top bottom top bottom top bottom top bottom
Top storey -1.12 1.12 0.15 -0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.15 0.15 1.12 -1.12
Live Load in Longer Direction Bottom storey -1.03 1.03 0.11 -0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.11 0.11 1.03 -1.03
Table 28Column Shear values for dlive load in longer direction

Dead in shorter

A B C D
Column Shear Values top bottom top bottom top bottom top bottom
Top storey -9.06 9.06 6.20 -6.20 -5.81 5.81 8.49 -8.49
Live Load in Longer Direction Bottom storey -13.78 13.78 -9.06 9.06 -8.88 8.88 -12.69 12.69
Table 29Column Shear values for dead load in shorter direction

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Live in shorter

A B C D
Column Shear Values top bottom top bottom top bottom top bottom
Top storey -1.44 1.44 1.04 -1.04 -0.02 0.02 -0.13 0.13
Live Load in Shorter Direction Bottom storey -1.35 1.35 0.89 -0.89 -0.89 0.89 1.27 -1.27
Table 30Column Shear values for live load in shorter direction

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Analysis for Earthquake Load

For the analysis of earthquake load, we will consider the same frame as shown in fig. 6.1.
The method used for calculation of lateral loads is equivalent static load (ESL) method as per IS
1893 (Part-I):2002. The process of calculations is as done below.

General Information

1. Elevation of Building G+5

2. Type of Soil Medium

3. Type of building Residential

4. Seismic Zone V

5. Designed as OMRF

6. No of bays along length 6

7. No of bays along width 3

8. Total No of Columns 28x6

Specifications

1. Height of Parapet Wall 1 m

2. Width of Beam 300 mm

3. Depth of Beam 300 mm

5. Column Size (square) 300 mm

6. Floor Height 3.3 m

7. Height of walls 3 m

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8. Thickness of Parapet wall 250 mm

9. Thickness of External wall 250 mm

10. Thickness of Internal wall 125 mm

11. Thickness of Slab 140 mm

12. C/C distance of Column 4 mm

Load Calculations from various components

A) Ground Floor / Intermediate Floor

1) Weight of slab = self weight + floor finish
= ( 250*0.14*250) + (250*0.77)
= 1067.5KN
2) Weight of Beam = ( 24*4) + (10*7)*0.3*25
= 621KN
3) Weight of Column= 28*(3.3-0.3)*0.3*0.3*25
= 189 KN
4) Weight of slab on Live Load = 250*2*0.25
= 125KN
5) Weight of wall
 External wall = 444.6KN
 Internal wall = 186KN

TOTAL WEIGHT = 2633.35KN

B) ROOF :-
1) Weight of Slab = 1067.5kN
2) Weight of Beam = 621KN
3) Weight of Column = 2.5*0.3*0.3*25*28 = 157.5KN
4) Weight of External Walls = 222.3KN

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5) Weight of Internal Walls = 93.125KN
6) Weight of Parapet Walls = 325.375KN
TOTAL WEIGHT = 2486.8KN
TOTAL SEISMIC WEIGHT (W) = (5*2633.35)+(2486.8) = 15653.55KN
Here the calculations are done based on clause 7.4.1; 7.4.2 & 7.4.3 of IS 1893(Part 1):2002.

Calculation of Lateral Force

Along Longer Dimension

Here Zone Factor, z=0.36
Importance Factor, I=1
Response Reduction Factor=3 (Designed as SMRF)
𝑆𝑎
For the calculation of value of ,
𝑔

Along x-direction
d=24.25 m (defined as per clause 7.6.1, IS 1893 (Part-I):2002)
h=19.8 m (defined as per clause 7.6.1, IS 1893 (Part-I):2002)
0.09ℎ
Therefore 𝑇𝑎 = =0.3618
√𝑑

Along y-direction
d=10.25 m (defined as per clause 7.6.1, IS 1893 (Part-I):2002)
h=19.8 m (defined as per clause 7.6.1, IS 1893 (Part-I):2002)
0.09ℎ
Therefore 𝑇𝑎 = =0.55
√𝑑

Here Our Soil type is medium soil, Hence Using Figure 2 IS: 1893 (Part 1):2002, we
𝑆
have 𝑔𝑎 = 2.5

𝑍𝐼𝑆𝑎 0.36×1×2.5
Therefore 𝐴ℎ = = 2×3×9.81 = 0.15
2𝑅𝑔

𝑉𝑏 = 𝑊 × 𝐴ℎ = 2552170.1 × 0.15 =2348.0𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡

Now the number of frames in the longer lateral dimensions are 6. The lateral load on each
storey height is calculated as below:

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storey wi hi wi*hi^2 qp qi/4 qi/7 vb
6.00 2486.80 19.80 974925.07 896.93 224.23 128.13 2348.00
5.00 2633.35 16.50 716929.54 659.58 164.89 94.23 2348.00
4.00 2633.35 13.20 458834.90 422.13 105.53 60.30 2348.00
3.00 2633.35 9.90 258094.63 237.45 59.36 33.92 2348.00
2.00 2633.35 6.60 114708.73 105.53 26.38 15.08 2348.00
1.00 2633.35 3.30 28677.18 26.38 6.60 3.77 2348.00
total 2552170.05
Table 31 Lateral loads for earthquake

Case 1 : Analysis when Earthquake hits shorter span

column beam
storey qi/4 cu shearout shearin momout momin bmom bshear1 bshear2 bshear3 bshear4 bshear5 bshear6
6.00 224.23 224.23 37.37 74.74 61.66 123.33 61.66 30.83 30.83 30.83 30.83 30.83 30.83
5.00 164.89 389.13 64.85 129.71 107.01 214.02 168.67 84.34 84.34 84.34 84.34 84.34 84.34
4.00 105.53 494.66 82.44 164.89 136.03 272.06 243.04 121.52 121.52 121.52 121.52 121.52 121.52
3.00 59.36 554.02 92.34 184.67 152.36 304.71 288.39 144.19 144.19 144.19 144.19 144.19 144.19
2.00 26.38 580.40 96.73 193.47 159.61 319.22 311.97 155.98 155.98 155.98 155.98 155.98 155.98
1.00 6.60 587.00 97.83 195.67 161.43 322.85 321.04 160.52 160.52 160.52 160.52 160.52 160.52
Table 32 Portal frame calculation for when earthquake hits shorter span

Case 1 : Analysis when Earthquake hits longer span

storey qi/7 cu shearout shearin momout momin bmom bshear1 bshear2 bshear3
6.00 128.13 128.13 21.36 42.71 35.24 70.47 35.24 17.62 35.24 17.62
5.00 94.23 222.36 37.06 74.12 61.15 122.30 96.39 48.19 96.39 48.19
4.00 60.30 282.66 47.11 94.22 77.73 155.46 138.88 69.44 138.88 69.44
3.00 33.92 316.58 52.76 105.53 87.06 174.12 164.79 82.40 164.79 82.40
2.00 15.08 331.66 55.28 110.55 91.21 182.41 178.27 89.13 178.27 89.13

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 1.00 3.77 335.43 55.90 111.81 92.24 184.49 183.45 91.72 183.45 91.72
Table 33Portal frame calculation for when earthquake hits longer span

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Analysis for Wind Load

Building specs:

Length = 24m

Breadth = 10m

Height = 19.8m

Design life of structure = 50 years

Calculation of design factors:

Risk coefficient factor ,k1=1.0

Terrain and Height factor=k2, is shown in the table

Topography factor, k3=1.0

Our structure falls in class B( since L=24m) and category 3( numerous closely spaced
obstructions having size upto 10m with or without few isolated tall structures).

Calculation of permeability of the building

Area of walls = (24*2+10*2)*19.8 = 1346.4 m2

Area of opening = (1.0*1.0*10*6) + (0.5*0.5*2*6) = 63m2

% of open area = 63/(1346.4)*100 = 4.679% <5%

Wind load on surfaces

Since building is of low permeability, Cpi= ± 0.2 (internal pressure coefficient)

Calculation of external pressure coefficient

h/w = 19.8/10 = 1.98 [1.5<1.98<6]

l/w = 24/10 = 2.4 [1.5<2.4<4]

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Case 1: Wind facing longer side

height k1 k3 k2 vb vz pd(kN/m2) Area

0.00 1.00 1.00 0.88 50.00 44.00 1.16 6.60
3.30 1.00 1.00 0.88 50.00 44.00 1.16 13.20
6.60 1.00 1.00 0.88 50.00 44.00 1.16 13.20
9.90 1.00 1.00 0.88 50.00 44.00 1.16 13.20
13.20 1.00 1.00 0.92 50.00 46.00 1.27 13.20
16.50 1.00 1.00 0.95 50.00 47.60 1.36 13.20
19.80 1.00 1.00 0.98 50.00 48.90 1.43 6.60
Table 34 Wind load calculations

Cpe-Cpi Pd Area Total Load(kN)

wind angle W L W L
0.50 -0.60 3.83 -4.60
0.00 0.90 -0.20 6.90 -1.53
-0.70 -0.70 -5.37 -5.37
Floor 0 90.00 -0.30 -0.30 1.16 6.60 -2.30 -2.30
0.50 -0.60 7.67 -9.20
0.00 0.90 -0.20 13.80 -3.07
-0.70 -0.70 -10.73 -10.73
Floor 1 90.00 -0.30 -0.30 1.16 13.20 -4.60 -4.60
0.50 -0.60 7.67 -9.20
0.00 0.90 -0.20 13.80 -3.07
-0.70 -0.70 -10.73 -10.73
Floor 2 90.00 -0.30 -0.30 1.16 13.20 -4.60 -4.60
0.50 -0.60 7.67 -9.20
0.00 0.90 -0.20 13.80 -3.07
-0.70 -0.70 -10.73 -10.73
Floor 3 90.00 -0.30 -0.30 1.16 13.20 -4.60 -4.60

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 0.50 -0.60 8.38 -10.06
0.00 0.90 -0.20 15.08 -3.35
-0.70 -0.70 -11.73 -11.73
Floor 4 90.00 -0.30 -0.30 1.27 13.20 -5.03 -5.03
0.50 -0.60 8.97 -10.77
0.00 0.90 -0.20 16.15 -3.59
-0.70 -0.70 -12.56 -12.56
-0.30 -0.30 -5.38 -5.38
90.00 0.90 -0.20 8.52 -1.89
-0.70 -0.70 -6.63 -6.63
Floor 5 90.00 -0.30 -0.30 1.36 13.20 -2.84 -2.84
Table 35 Lateral loads due to wind loads

Floor load load cumulative shearout shearin momout momin bmom bshear1 bshear2 bshear3

6.00 8.52 8.52 1.42 2.84 2.34 4.69 2.34 1.17 2.34 1.17
5.00 16.15 24.67 4.11 8.22 6.78 13.57 9.13 4.56 9.13 4.56
4.00 15.08 39.75 6.63 13.25 10.93 21.86 17.72 8.86 17.72 8.86
3.00 13.80 53.55 8.93 17.85 14.73 29.45 25.66 12.83 25.66 12.83
2.00 13.80 67.35 11.23 22.45 18.52 37.04 33.25 16.62 33.25 16.62
1.00 13.80 81.15 13.53 27.05 22.32 44.63 40.84 20.42 40.84 20.42
0.00 6.90 88.05 14.68 29.35 24.21 48.43 46.53 23.27 46.53 23.27
Table 36 Portal frame due to wind load in longer

Case 2 : Wind facing shorter side

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height k1 k3 k2 vb vz pd(kN/m2) Area
0.00 1.00 1.00 0.88 50.00 44.00 1.16 6.60
3.30 1.00 1.00 0.88 50.00 44.00 1.16 13.20
6.60 1.00 1.00 0.88 50.00 44.00 1.16 13.20
9.90 1.00 1.00 0.88 50.00 44.00 1.16 13.20
13.20 1.00 1.00 0.92 50.00 46.00 1.27 13.20
16.50 1.00 1.00 0.95 50.00 47.60 1.36 13.20
19.80 1.00 1.00 0.98 50.00 48.90 1.43 6.60
Table 37 Wind load calculations

Cpe-Cpi Pd Area Total Load(kN)

wind angle W L W L
0.50 -0.60 2.87 -3.45
0.00 0.90 -0.20 5.17 -1.15
-0.70 -0.70 -4.02 -4.02
Floor 0 90.00 -0.30 -0.30 1.16 4.95 -1.72 -1.72
0.50 -0.60 5.75 -6.90
0.00 0.90 -0.20 10.35 -2.30
-0.70 -0.70 -8.05 -8.05
Floor 1 90.00 -0.30 -0.30 1.16 9.90 -3.45 -3.45
0.50 -0.60 5.75 -6.90
0.00 0.90 -0.20 10.35 -2.30
-0.70 -0.70 -8.05 -8.05
Floor 2 90.00 -0.30 -0.30 1.16 9.90 -3.45 -3.45
0.50 -0.60 5.75 -6.90
0.00 0.90 -0.20 10.35 -2.30
-0.70 -0.70 -8.05 -8.05
Floor 3 90.00 -0.30 -0.30 1.16 9.90 -3.45 -3.45
Floor 4 0.00 0.50 -0.60 1.27 9.90 6.28 -7.54

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 0.90 -0.20 11.31 -2.51
-0.70 -0.70 -8.80 -8.80
90.00 -0.30 -0.30 -3.77 -3.77
0.50 -0.60 6.73 -8.07
0.00 0.90 -0.20 12.11 -2.69
-0.70 -0.70 -9.42 -9.42
Floor 5 90.00 -0.30 -0.30 1.36 9.90 -4.04 -4.04
0.50 -0.60 3.55 -4.26
0.00 0.90 -0.20 6.39 -1.42
-0.70 -0.70 -4.97 -4.97
Floor 6 90.00 -0.30 -0.30 1.43 4.95 -2.13 -2.13
Table 38 Lateral loads due to wind loads

Floor Load load cumulative shearout shearin momout momin bmom bshear

6.00 6.39 6.39 0.53 1.07 0.88 1.76 0.88 0.44

5.00 12.11 18.50 1.54 3.08 2.54 5.09 3.42 1.71
4.00 11.31 29.81 2.48 4.97 4.10 8.20 6.64 3.32
3.00 10.35 40.16 3.35 6.69 5.52 11.04 9.62 4.81
2.00 10.35 50.51 4.21 8.42 6.95 13.89 12.47 6.23
1.00 10.35 60.86 5.07 10.14 8.37 16.74 15.31 7.66
0.00 5.17 66.03 5.50 11.01 9.08 18.16 17.45 8.72
Table 39 Portal frame calculations for wind in shorter

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Load combinations

We design the various components of the building considering the highest factored
shear forces and moments that are obtained from the combinations mentioned
below:

1. 1.5*(DL+LL)
2. 1.2*(DL+LL+EL)
3. 1.2*(DL+LL-EL)
4. 1.2*(DL+LL+WL)
5. 1.2*(DL+LL-WL)

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Beam moments:

1. Longer direction

LEVEL SUPPORT BEAM DEAD LIVE EARTHQUAKE WIND 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 MAX POSITIVE MAX NEGATIVE
A1 A1A2 -5.69 -2.00 -61.66 -0.88 -11.54 -83.23 64.77 -10.28 -8.18 64.77 -83.23
A2A1 11.45 4.03 61.66 0.88 23.22 92.57 -55.42 19.63 17.52 92.57 -55.42
A2 A2A3 -10.60 -3.73 -61.66 -0.88 -21.49 -91.19 56.81 -18.24 -16.14 56.81 -91.19
A3A2 9.96 3.50 61.66 0.88 20.19 90.15 -57.84 17.21 15.10 90.15 -57.84
A3 A3A4 -9.96 -3.50 -61.66 -0.88 -20.19 -90.15 57.84 -17.21 -15.10 57.84 -90.15
A4A3 9.96 3.50 61.66 0.88 20.19 90.15 -57.84 17.21 15.10 90.15 -57.84
A4 A4A5 -9.96 -3.50 -61.66 -0.88 -20.19 -90.15 57.84 -17.21 -15.10 57.84 -90.15
A5A4 9.96 3.50 61.66 0.88 20.19 90.15 -57.84 17.21 15.10 90.15 -57.84
A5 A5A6 -9.96 -3.50 -61.66 -0.88 -20.19 -90.15 57.84 -17.21 -15.10 57.84 -90.15
A6A5 10.60 3.73 61.66 0.88 21.49 91.19 -56.81 18.24 16.14 91.19 -56.81
A6 A6A7 -11.45 -4.03 -61.66 -0.88 -23.22 -92.57 55.42 -19.63 -17.52 55.42 -92.57
ROOF A7 A7A6 5.69 2.00 61.66 0.88 11.54 83.23 -64.77 10.28 8.18 83.23 -64.77

B1 B1B2 -34.93 -3.39 -168.67 -3.42 -57.48 -248.39 156.43 -50.09 -41.88 156.43 -248.39
B2B1 52.69 5.17 168.67 3.42 86.79 271.84 -132.98 73.54 65.33 271.84 -132.98
B2 B2B3 -48.12 -4.80 -168.67 -3.42 -79.39 -265.92 138.90 -67.62 -59.40 138.90 -265.92
B3B2 46.72 4.67 168.67 3.42 77.09 264.08 -140.74 65.77 57.56 264.08 -140.74
B3 B3B4 -47.56 -4.67 -168.67 -3.42 -78.35 -265.09 139.73 -66.78 -58.57 139.73 -265.09
B4B3 48.02 4.67 168.67 3.42 79.03 265.64 -139.18 67.33 59.12 265.64 -139.18
B4 B4B5 -48.02 -4.67 -168.67 -3.42 -79.03 -265.64 139.18 -67.33 -59.12 139.18 -265.64
B5B4 47.56 4.67 168.67 3.42 78.35 265.09 -139.73 66.78 58.57 265.09 -139.73
B5 B5B6 -46.72 -4.67 -168.67 -3.42 -77.09 -264.08 140.74 -65.77 -57.56 140.74 -264.08
B6B5 48.12 4.80 168.67 3.42 79.39 265.92 -138.90 67.62 59.40 265.92 -138.90
B6 B6B7 -52.69 -5.17 -168.67 -3.42 -86.79 -271.84 132.98 -73.54 -65.33 132.98 -271.84
5.00 B7 B7B6 34.93 -3.39 168.67 3.42 47.30 240.25 -164.57 41.94 33.73 240.25 -164.57

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 C1 C1C2 -34.93 -3.39 -243.04 -6.64 -57.48 -337.63 245.67 -53.95 -38.01 245.67 -337.63
C2C1 52.69 5.17 243.04 6.64 86.79 361.08 -222.22 77.40 61.46 361.08 -222.22
C2 C2C3 -48.12 -4.80 -243.04 -6.64 -79.39 -355.16 228.14 -71.48 -55.54 228.14 -355.16
C3C2 46.72 4.67 243.04 6.64 77.09 353.32 -229.98 69.64 53.70 353.32 -229.98
C3 C3C4 -47.56 -4.67 -243.04 -6.64 -78.35 -354.33 228.97 -70.65 -54.71 228.97 -354.33
C4C3 48.02 4.67 243.04 6.64 79.03 354.88 -228.42 71.20 55.26 354.88 -228.42
C4 C4C5 -48.02 -4.67 -243.04 -6.64 -79.03 -354.88 228.42 -71.20 -55.26 228.42 -354.88
C5C4 47.56 4.67 243.04 6.64 78.35 354.33 -228.97 70.65 54.71 354.33 -228.97
C5 C5C6 -46.72 -4.67 -243.04 -6.64 -77.09 -353.32 229.98 -69.64 -53.70 229.98 -353.32
C6C5 48.12 4.80 243.04 6.64 79.39 355.16 -228.14 71.48 55.54 355.16 -228.14
C6 C6C7 -52.69 -5.17 -243.04 -6.64 -86.79 -361.08 222.22 -77.40 -61.46 222.22 -361.08
4.00 C7 C7C6 34.93 -3.39 243.04 6.64 47.30 329.49 -253.81 45.81 29.87 329.49 -253.81

D1 D1D2 -34.93 -3.39 -288.39 -9.62 -57.48 -392.05 300.08 -57.53 -34.44 300.08 -392.05
D2D1 52.69 5.17 288.39 9.62 86.79 415.50 -276.63 80.98 57.89 415.50 -276.63
D2 D2D3 -48.12 -4.80 -288.39 -9.62 -79.39 -409.58 282.55 -75.06 -51.97 282.55 -409.58
D3D2 46.72 4.67 288.39 9.62 77.09 407.73 -284.40 73.21 50.12 407.73 -284.40
D3 D3D4 -47.56 -4.67 -288.39 -9.62 -78.35 -408.74 283.39 -74.22 -51.13 283.39 -408.74
D4D3 48.02 4.67 288.39 9.62 79.03 409.29 -282.84 74.77 51.68 409.29 -282.84
D4 D4D5 -48.02 -4.67 -288.39 -9.62 -79.03 -409.29 282.84 -74.77 -51.68 282.84 -409.29
D5D4 47.56 4.67 288.39 9.62 78.35 408.74 -283.39 74.22 51.13 408.74 -283.39
D5 D5D6 -46.72 -4.67 -288.39 -9.62 -77.09 -407.73 284.40 -73.21 -50.12 284.40 -407.73
D6D5 48.12 4.80 288.39 9.62 79.39 409.58 -282.55 75.06 51.97 409.58 -282.55
D6 D6D7 -52.69 -5.17 -288.39 -9.62 -86.79 -415.50 276.63 -80.98 -57.89 276.63 -415.50
3.00 D7 D7D6 34.93 -3.39 288.39 9.62 47.30 383.90 -308.23 49.38 26.29 383.90 -308.23

E1 E1E2 -34.93 -3.39 -311.97 -12.47 -57.48 -420.34 328.38 -60.94 -31.02 328.38 -420.34
E2E1 52.69 5.17 311.97 12.47 86.79 443.79 -304.93 84.39 54.47 443.79 -304.93
E2 E2E3 -48.12 -4.80 -311.97 -12.47 -79.39 -437.87 310.85 -78.47 -48.55 310.85 -437.87
2.00 E3 E3E2 46.72 4.67 311.97 12.47 77.09 436.03 -312.69 76.63 46.71 436.03 -312.69

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 E3E4 -47.56 -4.67 -311.97 -12.47 -78.35 -437.04 311.68 -77.64 -47.72 311.68 -437.04
E4E3 48.02 4.67 311.97 12.47 79.03 437.59 -311.13 78.19 48.27 437.59 -311.13
E4 E4E5 -48.02 -4.67 -311.97 -12.47 -79.03 -437.59 311.13 -78.19 -48.27 311.13 -437.59
E5E4 47.56 4.67 311.97 12.47 78.35 437.04 -311.68 77.64 47.72 437.04 -311.68
E5 E5E6 -46.72 -4.67 -311.97 -12.47 -77.09 -436.03 312.69 -76.63 -46.71 312.69 -436.03
E6E5 48.12 4.80 311.97 12.47 79.39 437.87 -310.85 78.47 48.55 437.87 -310.85
E6 E6E7 -52.69 -5.17 -311.97 -12.47 -86.79 -443.79 304.93 -84.39 -54.47 304.93 -443.79
E7 E7E6 34.93 -3.39 311.97 12.47 47.30 412.20 -336.52 52.80 22.88 412.20 -336.52

F1 F1F2 -34.93 -3.39 -321.04 -15.31 -57.48 -431.23 339.26 -64.36 -27.61 339.26 -431.23
F2F1 52.69 5.17 321.04 15.31 86.79 454.68 -315.81 87.81 51.06 454.68 -315.81
F2 F2F3 -48.12 -4.80 -321.04 -15.31 -79.39 -448.75 321.73 -81.89 -45.13 321.73 -448.75
F3F2 46.72 4.67 321.04 15.31 77.09 446.91 -323.58 80.04 43.29 446.91 -323.58
F3 F3F4 -47.56 -4.67 -321.04 -15.31 -78.35 -447.92 322.57 -81.05 -44.30 322.57 -447.92
F4F3 48.02 4.67 321.04 15.31 79.03 448.47 -322.02 81.60 44.85 448.47 -322.02
F4 F4F5 -48.02 -4.67 -321.04 -15.31 -79.03 -448.47 322.02 -81.60 -44.85 322.02 -448.47
F5F4 47.56 4.67 321.04 15.31 78.35 447.92 -322.57 81.05 44.30 447.92 -322.57
F5 F5F6 -46.72 -4.67 -321.04 -15.31 -77.09 -446.91 323.58 -80.04 -43.29 323.58 -446.91
F6F5 48.12 4.80 321.04 15.31 79.39 448.75 -321.73 81.89 45.13 448.75 -321.73
F6 F6F7 -52.69 -5.17 -321.04 -15.31 -86.79 -454.68 315.81 -87.81 -51.06 315.81 -454.68
1.00 F7 F7F6 34.93 -3.39 321.04 15.31 47.30 423.08 -347.41 56.21 19.46 423.08 -347.41
Table 40 Load combinations for beam moment in longer

2. Shorter direction

LEVEL SUPPORT BEAM DEAD LIVE EARTHQUAKE WIND 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 MAX POSITIVE MAX NEGATIVE
A AB 0.00 0.00 -35.24 -2.34 0.00 -42.28 42.28 -2.81 2.81 42.28 -42.28
BA 12.94 4.54 35.24 2.34 26.22 63.26 -21.31 23.79 18.16 63.26 -21.31
B BC -7.41 -2.60 -35.24 -2.34 -15.02 -54.30 30.27 -14.83 -9.21 30.27 -54.30
CB 5.91 2.08 35.24 2.34 11.98 51.87 -32.70 12.39 6.77 51.87 -32.70
ROOF C CD -10.44 -3.67 -35.24 -2.34 -21.16 -59.21 25.35 -19.74 -14.12 25.35 -59.21

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 D DC 8.15 2.86 35.24 2.34 16.52 55.50 -29.07 16.03 10.40 55.50 -29.07

E EF -45.46 -4.44 -96.39 -9.13 -74.86 -175.55 55.78 -70.84 -48.93 55.78 -175.55
FE 40.79 3.99 96.39 9.13 67.17 169.40 -61.93 64.69 42.78 169.40 -61.93
F FG -20.86 -2.04 -96.39 -9.13 -34.35 -143.14 88.18 -38.43 -16.53 88.18 -143.14
GF 20.18 2.04 96.39 9.13 33.32 142.32 -89.00 37.61 15.71 142.32 -89.00
G GH -49.47 -4.96 -96.39 -9.13 -81.65 -180.98 50.34 -76.27 -54.37 50.34 -180.98
5.00 H HG 43.92 4.40 96.39 9.13 72.48 173.65 -57.68 68.94 47.03 173.65 -57.68

I IJ -45.46 -4.44 -138.88 -17.72 -74.86 -226.54 106.77 -81.14 -38.63 106.77 -226.54
JI 40.79 3.99 138.88 17.72 67.17 220.39 -112.92 74.99 32.48 220.39 -112.92
J JK -20.86 -2.04 -138.88 -17.72 -34.35 -194.14 139.17 -48.74 -6.22 139.17 -194.14
KJ 20.18 2.04 138.88 17.72 33.32 193.31 -140.00 47.92 5.40 193.31 -140.00
K KL -49.47 -4.96 -138.88 -17.72 -81.65 -231.98 101.34 -86.58 -44.06 101.34 -231.98
4.00 L LK 43.92 4.40 138.88 17.72 72.48 224.64 -108.67 79.24 36.73 224.64 -108.67

M MN -45.46 -4.44 -164.79 -25.66 -74.86 -257.64 137.87 -90.67 -29.10 137.87 -257.64
NM 40.79 3.99 164.79 25.66 67.17 251.49 -144.01 84.52 22.95 251.49 -144.01
N NO -20.86 -2.04 -164.79 -25.66 -34.35 -225.23 170.27 -58.27 3.31 170.27 -225.23
ON 20.18 2.04 164.79 25.66 33.32 224.41 -171.09 57.45 -4.13 224.41 -171.09
O OP -49.47 -4.96 -164.79 -25.66 -81.65 -263.07 132.43 -96.11 -34.53 132.43 -263.07
3.00 P PO 43.92 4.40 164.79 25.66 72.48 255.74 -139.77 88.77 27.20 255.74 -139.77

Q QR -45.46 -4.44 -178.27 -33.25 -74.86 -273.81 154.03 -99.78 -19.99 154.03 -273.81
RQ 40.79 3.99 178.27 33.25 67.17 267.66 -160.18 93.63 13.84 267.66 -160.18
R RS -20.86 -2.04 -178.27 -33.25 -34.35 -241.40 186.44 -67.38 12.42 186.44 -241.40
SR 20.18 2.04 178.27 33.25 33.32 240.58 -187.26 66.56 -13.24 240.58 -187.26
S ST -49.47 -4.96 -178.27 -33.25 -81.65 -279.24 148.60 -105.22 -25.42 148.60 -279.24
2.00 T TS 43.92 4.40 178.27 33.25 72.48 271.90 -155.94 97.88 18.09 271.90 -155.94

1.00 U UV -45.46 -4.44 -183.45 -40.84 -74.86 -280.02 160.25 -108.89 -10.88 160.25 -280.02

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 VU 40.79 3.99 183.45 40.84 67.17 273.88 -166.40 102.74 4.73 273.88 -166.40
V VW -20.86 -2.04 -183.45 -40.84 -34.35 -247.62 192.66 -76.49 21.52 192.66 -247.62
WV 20.18 2.04 183.45 40.84 33.32 246.80 -193.48 75.66 -22.35 246.80 -193.48
W WX -49.47 -4.96 -183.45 -40.84 -81.65 -285.46 154.82 -114.33 -16.32 154.82 -285.46
X XW 43.92 4.40 183.45 40.84 72.48 278.12 -162.15 106.99 8.98 278.12 -162.15
Table 41Load combinations for beam moment in shorter

Column Moments

1. Longer direction

LEVEL COLUMN DEAD LIVE EARTHQUAKE WIND 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 MAX POSITIVE MAX NEGATIVE

A1B1 23.15 3.67 61.66 0.88 40.24 106.19 -41.81 33.24 31.14 106.19 -41.81
A2B2 -3.14 -0.48 123.33 1.76 -5.43 143.65 -152.34 -2.24 -6.45 143.65 -152.34
A3B3 0.42 0.00 123.33 1.76 0.63 148.50 -147.49 2.61 -1.60 148.50 -147.49
A4B4 0.00 0.00 123.33 1.76 0.00 147.99 -147.99 2.11 -2.11 147.99 -147.99
A5B5 -0.42 0.00 123.33 1.76 -0.63 147.49 -148.50 1.60 -2.61 147.49 -148.50
A6B6 3.14 0.48 123.33 1.76 5.43 152.34 -143.65 6.45 2.24 152.34 -143.65
top storey A7B7 -23.15 -3.70 61.66 0.88 -40.28 41.78 -106.22 -31.17 -33.28 41.78 -106.22

B1C1 34.93 3.34 107.01 2.54 57.40 174.33 -82.49 48.97 42.87 174.33 -82.49
B2C2 -4.57 -0.36 214.02 5.09 -7.40 250.90 -262.75 0.18 -12.03 250.90 -262.75
B3C3 0.84 0.00 214.02 5.09 1.26 257.83 -255.81 7.11 -5.10 257.83 -255.81
B4C4 0.00 0.00 214.02 5.09 0.00 256.82 -256.82 6.11 -6.11 256.82 -256.82
B5C5 -0.84 0.00 214.02 5.09 -1.26 255.81 -257.83 5.10 -7.11 255.81 -257.83
B6C6 4.57 0.36 214.02 5.09 7.40 262.75 -250.90 12.03 -0.18 262.75 -250.90
4th storey B7C7 -34.93 -3.39 107.01 2.54 -57.48 82.43 -174.40 -42.93 -49.04 82.43 -174.40

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 C1D1 34.93 3.34 136.03 4.10 57.40 209.16 -117.32 50.84 41.00 209.16 -117.32
C2D2 -4.57 -0.36 272.06 8.20 -7.40 320.55 -332.40 3.91 -15.76 320.55 -332.40
C3D3 0.84 0.00 272.06 8.20 1.26 327.48 -325.47 10.85 -8.83 327.48 -325.47
C4D4 0.00 0.00 272.06 8.20 0.00 326.48 -326.48 9.84 -9.84 326.48 -326.48
C5D5 -0.84 0.00 272.06 8.20 -1.26 325.47 -327.48 8.83 -10.85 325.47 -327.48
C6D6 4.57 0.36 272.06 8.20 7.40 332.40 -320.55 15.76 -3.91 332.40 -320.55
3rd storey C7D7 -34.93 -3.39 136.03 4.10 -57.48 117.25 -209.22 -41.06 -50.90 117.25 -209.22

D1E1 34.93 3.34 152.36 5.52 57.40 228.75 -136.91 52.55 39.29 228.75 -136.91
D2E2 -4.57 -0.36 304.71 11.04 -7.40 359.73 -371.58 7.33 -19.18 359.73 -371.58
D3E3 0.84 0.00 304.71 11.04 1.26 366.66 -364.64 14.26 -12.24 366.66 -364.64
D4E4 0.00 0.00 304.71 11.04 0.00 365.65 -365.65 13.25 -13.25 365.65 -365.65
D5E5 -0.84 0.00 304.71 11.04 -1.26 364.64 -366.66 12.24 -14.26 364.64 -366.66
D6E6 4.57 0.36 304.71 11.04 7.40 371.58 -359.73 19.18 -7.33 371.58 -359.73
2nd storey D7E7 -34.93 -3.39 152.36 5.52 -57.48 136.84 -228.81 -39.36 -52.61 136.84 -228.81

E1F1 34.93 3.34 159.61 6.95 57.40 237.45 -145.61 54.25 37.59 237.45 -145.61
E2F2 -4.57 -0.36 319.22 13.89 -7.40 377.14 -388.99 10.75 -22.59 377.14 -388.99
E3F3 0.84 0.00 319.22 13.89 1.26 384.08 -382.06 17.68 -15.66 384.08 -382.06
E4F4 0.00 0.00 319.22 13.89 0.00 383.07 -383.07 16.67 -16.67 383.07 -383.07
E5F5 -0.84 0.00 319.22 13.89 -1.26 382.06 -384.08 15.66 -17.68 382.06 -384.08
E6F6 4.57 0.36 319.22 13.89 7.40 388.99 -377.14 22.59 -10.75 388.99 -377.14
1st storey E7F7 -34.93 -3.39 159.61 6.95 -57.48 145.55 -237.52 -37.65 -54.32 145.55 -237.52

F1G1 34.93 3.34 161.43 3.37 57.40 239.63 -147.79 49.96 41.88 239.63 -147.79
F2G2 -4.57 -0.36 322.85 16.74 -7.40 381.50 -393.34 14.16 -26.01 381.50 -393.34
F3G3 0.84 0.00 322.85 16.74 1.26 388.43 -386.41 21.09 -19.07 388.43 -386.41
F4G4 0.00 0.00 322.85 16.74 0.00 387.42 -387.42 20.08 -20.08 387.42 -387.42
F5G5 -0.84 0.00 322.85 16.74 -1.26 386.41 -388.43 19.07 -21.09 386.41 -388.43
F6G6 4.57 0.36 322.85 16.74 7.40 393.34 -381.50 26.01 -14.16 393.34 -381.50
ground storey F7G7 -34.93 -3.39 161.43 3.37 -57.48 147.73 -239.69 -41.94 -50.03 147.73 -239.69

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Table 42 Load combinations for column moment in longer

2. Shorter direction

LEVEL COLUMNS DEAD LIVE EARTHQUAKE WIND 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 MAX POSITIVE MAX NEGATIVE
AE 29.89 4.77 35.24 2.34 51.99 83.88 -0.69 44.41 38.78 83.88 -0.69
BF -20.57 -3.40 70.47 4.87 -35.96 55.80 -113.34 -22.93 -34.61 55.80 -113.34
CG 19.17 3.05 70.47 4.87 33.33 111.23 -57.90 32.51 20.82 111.23 -57.90
TOP STOREY DH -20.00 -4.61 35.24 2.34 -36.91 12.76 -71.81 -26.72 -32.34 12.76 -71.81

EI 45.46 4.44 61.15 6.78 74.86 133.26 -13.49 68.03 51.75 133.26 -13.49
FJ -29.89 -2.93 122.30 13.57 -49.23 107.38 -186.14 -23.10 -55.66 107.38 -186.14
GK 29.29 2.93 122.30 13.57 48.33 185.42 -108.09 54.94 22.38 185.42 -108.09
4TH STOREY HL -41.68 -4.18 61.15 6.78 -68.78 18.35 -128.40 -46.89 -63.17 18.35 -128.40

IM 45.46 4.44 77.73 10.93 74.86 153.16 -33.39 73.00 46.77 153.16 -33.39
JN -29.89 -2.93 155.46 21.86 -49.23 147.18 -225.94 -13.15 -65.62 147.18 -225.94
KO 29.29 2.93 155.46 21.86 48.33 225.22 -147.90 64.90 12.43 225.22 -147.90
3RD STOREY LP -41.68 -4.18 77.73 10.93 -68.78 38.25 -148.31 -41.91 -68.14 38.25 -148.31

MQ 45.46 4.44 87.06 14.73 74.86 164.36 -44.59 77.56 42.21 164.36 -44.59
NR -29.89 -2.93 174.12 29.45 -49.23 169.56 -248.33 -4.04 -74.72 169.56 -248.33
OS 29.29 2.93 174.12 29.45 48.33 247.61 -170.28 74.00 3.32 247.61 -170.28
2ND STOREY PT -41.68 -4.18 87.06 14.73 -68.78 49.45 -159.50 -37.36 -72.70 49.45 -159.50

QU 45.46 4.44 91.21 18.52 74.86 169.33 -49.56 82.11 37.66 169.33 -49.56
RV -29.89 -2.93 182.41 37.04 -49.23 179.51 -258.28 5.07 -83.83 179.51 -258.28
SW 29.29 2.93 182.41 37.04 48.33 257.56 -180.23 83.11 -5.79 257.56 -180.23
1ST STOREY TX -41.68 -4.18 91.21 15.52 -68.78 54.42 -164.47 -36.40 -73.65 54.42 -164.47

GROUND STOREY UX 45.46 4.44 92.24 22.32 74.86 170.58 -50.80 86.67 33.11 170.58 -50.80

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 VZ -29.89 -2.93 184.49 44.63 -49.23 182.00 -260.76 14.18 -92.94 182.00 -260.76
WA1 29.29 2.93 184.49 44.63 48.33 260.04 -182.72 92.22 -14.90 260.04 -182.72
XA2 -41.68 -4.18 92.24 22.32 -68.78 55.66 -165.72 -28.25 -81.81 55.66 -165.72
Table 43 Load combinations for column moment in shorter

Column Shear

1. Longer direction

LEVEL COLUMNS DEAD LIVE EARTHQUAKE WIND 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 MAX POSITIVE MAX NEGATIVE

A1B1 10.58 1.12 37.37 0.53 17.55 58.89 -30.80 14.68 13.40 58.89 -30.80
A2B2 1.39 0.15 74.74 1.07 2.30 91.53 -87.85 3.12 0.56 91.53 -87.85
A3B3 0.26 0.00 74.74 1.07 0.38 90.00 -89.39 1.58 -0.97 90.00 -89.39
A4B4 0.00 0.00 74.74 1.07 0.00 89.69 -89.69 1.28 -1.28 89.69 -89.69
A5B5 0.26 0.00 74.74 1.07 0.38 90.00 -89.39 1.58 -0.97 90.00 -89.39
A6B6 1.39 0.15 74.74 1.07 2.30 91.53 -87.85 3.12 0.56 91.53 -87.85
top storey A7B7 10.58 1.12 37.37 0.53 17.55 58.89 -30.80 14.68 13.40 58.89 -30.80

B1C1 10.58 1.12 65.85 1.54 17.55 93.07 -64.98 15.89 12.19 93.07 -64.98
B2C2 1.39 0.15 129.71 3.08 2.30 157.49 -153.81 5.54 -1.86 157.49 -153.81
B3C3 0.26 0.00 129.71 3.08 0.38 155.96 -155.34 4.01 -3.39 155.96 -155.34
B4C4 0.00 0.00 129.71 3.08 0.00 155.65 -155.65 3.70 -3.70 155.65 -155.65
B5C5 0.26 0.00 129.71 3.08 0.38 155.96 -155.34 4.01 -3.39 155.96 -155.34
B6C6 1.39 0.15 129.71 3.08 2.30 157.49 -153.81 5.54 -1.86 157.49 -153.81
4th storey B7C7 10.58 1.12 65.85 1.54 17.55 93.07 -64.98 15.89 12.19 93.07 -64.98

C1D1 10.58 1.12 82.44 2.48 17.55 112.98 -84.89 17.02 11.06 112.98 -84.89
C2D2 1.39 0.15 164.89 4.97 2.30 199.70 -196.03 7.80 -4.12 199.70 -196.03
3rd storey C3D3 0.26 0.00 164.89 4.97 0.38 198.17 -197.56 6.27 -5.66 198.17 -197.56

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 C4D4 0.00 0.00 164.89 4.97 0.00 197.86 -197.86 5.96 -5.96 197.86 -197.86
C5D5 0.26 0.00 164.89 4.97 0.38 198.17 -197.56 6.27 -5.66 198.17 -197.56
C6D6 1.39 0.15 164.89 4.97 2.30 199.70 -196.02 7.80 -4.12 199.70 -196.02
C7D7 10.58 1.12 82.44 2.48 17.55 112.98 -84.89 17.02 11.06 112.98 -84.89

D1E1 10.58 1.12 92.34 3.35 17.55 124.85 -96.76 18.06 10.03 124.85 -96.76
D2E2 1.39 0.15 184.67 6.69 2.30 223.45 -219.77 9.87 -6.19 223.45 -219.77
D3E3 0.26 0.00 184.67 6.69 0.38 221.91 -221.30 8.34 -7.73 221.91 -221.30
D4E4 0.00 0.00 184.67 6.69 0.00 221.61 -221.61 8.03 -8.03 221.61 -221.61
D5E5 0.26 0.00 184.67 6.69 0.38 221.91 -221.30 8.34 -7.73 221.91 -221.30
D6E6 1.39 0.15 184.67 6.69 2.30 223.45 -219.77 9.87 -6.19 223.45 -219.77
2nd storey D7E7 10.58 1.12 92.34 3.35 17.55 124.85 -96.76 18.06 10.03 124.85 -96.76

E1F1 10.58 1.12 96.73 4.21 17.55 130.12 -102.04 19.09 8.99 130.12 -102.04
E2F2 1.39 0.15 193.47 8.42 2.30 234.00 -230.32 11.94 -8.26 234.00 -230.32
E3F3 0.26 0.00 193.47 8.42 0.38 232.47 -231.86 10.41 -9.80 232.47 -231.86
E4F4 0.00 0.00 193.47 8.42 0.00 232.16 -232.16 10.10 -10.10 232.16 -232.16
E5F5 0.26 0.00 193.47 8.42 0.38 232.47 -231.86 10.41 -9.80 232.47 -231.86
E6F6 1.39 0.15 193.47 8.42 2.30 234.00 -230.32 11.94 -8.26 234.00 -230.32
1st storey E7F7 10.58 1.12 96.73 4.21 17.55 130.12 -102.04 19.09 8.99 130.12 -102.04

F1G1 10.58 1.12 97.83 5.07 17.55 131.44 -103.36 20.13 7.96 131.44 -103.36
F2G2 1.39 0.15 195.67 10.14 2.30 236.64 -232.96 14.01 -10.33 236.64 -232.96
F3G3 0.26 0.00 195.67 10.14 0.38 235.11 -234.49 12.48 -11.87 235.11 -234.49
F4G4 0.00 0.00 195.67 10.14 0.00 234.80 -234.80 12.17 -12.17 234.80 -234.80
F5G5 0.26 0.00 195.67 10.14 0.38 235.11 -234.49 12.48 -11.87 235.11 -234.49
F6G6 1.39 0.15 195.67 10.14 2.30 236.64 -232.96 14.01 -10.33 236.64 -232.96
ground storey F7G7 10.58 1.12 97.83 5.07 17.55 131.44 -103.36 20.13 7.96 131.44 -103.36
Table 44 Load combination for column shear in longer

2. Shorter direction

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LEVEL COLUMNS DEAD LIVE EARTHQUAKE WIND 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 MAX POSITIVE MAX NEGATIVE

AE 13.78 1.35 21.36 1.42 22.68 43.77 -7.48 19.85 16.44 43.77 -7.48
BF 9.06 0.89 42.71 2.84 14.92 63.19 -39.32 15.34 8.53 63.19 -39.32
CG 8.88 0.89 42.71 2.84 14.64 62.97 -39.54 15.12 8.31 62.97 -39.54
Top storey DH 12.69 1.27 21.36 1.42 20.94 42.38 -8.88 18.45 15.05 42.38 -8.88

EI 13.78 1.35 37.06 4.11 22.68 62.62 -26.32 23.08 13.21 62.62 -26.32
FJ 9.06 0.89 74.12 8.22 14.92 100.88 -77.01 21.80 2.07 100.88 -77.01
GK 8.88 0.89 74.12 8.22 14.64 100.66 -77.23 21.58 1.85 100.66 -77.23
4th storey HL 12.69 1.27 37.06 4.11 20.94 61.22 -27.72 21.68 11.82 61.22 -27.72

IM 13.78 1.35 47.11 6.63 22.68 74.68 -38.38 26.10 10.20 74.68 -38.38
JN 9.06 0.89 94.22 13.25 14.92 125.00 -101.13 27.83 -3.97 125.00 -101.13
KO 8.88 0.89 94.22 13.25 14.64 124.78 -101.35 27.62 -4.18 124.78 -101.35
3rd storey LP 12.69 1.27 47.11 6.63 20.94 73.28 -39.78 24.70 8.80 73.28 -39.78

MQ 13.78 1.35 52.76 8.93 22.68 81.46 -45.17 28.86 7.44 81.46 -45.17
NR 9.06 0.89 105.53 17.85 14.92 138.57 -114.70 33.35 -9.49 138.57 -114.70
OS 8.88 0.89 105.53 17.85 14.64 138.35 -114.92 33.14 -9.70 138.35 -114.92
2nd storey PT 12.69 1.27 52.76 8.93 20.94 80.07 -46.57 27.46 6.04 80.07 -46.57

QU 13.78 1.35 55.28 11.23 22.68 84.48 -48.18 31.62 4.68 84.48 -48.18
RV 9.06 0.89 110.55 22.45 14.92 144.60 -120.73 38.87 -15.01 144.60 -120.73
SW 8.88 0.89 110.55 22.45 14.64 144.38 -120.95 38.66 -15.22 144.38 -120.95
1st storey TX 12.69 1.27 55.28 11.23 20.94 83.08 -49.58 30.22 3.28 83.08 -49.58

UY 13.78 1.35 55.90 13.53 22.68 85.23 -48.94 34.38 1.92 85.23 -48.94
VZ 9.06 0.89 111.81 27.05 14.92 146.11 -122.24 44.39 -20.53 146.11 -122.24
ground storey WA1 8.88 0.89 111.81 27.05 14.64 145.89 -122.46 44.18 -20.74 145.89 -122.46

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 XA2 12.69 1.27 55.90 13.53 20.94 83.84 -50.33 32.98 0.52 83.84 -50.33
Table 45 Load combination for column shear in shorter

Beam Shear

1. Longer direction

LEVEL BEAMS POSITION DEAD LIVE EARTHQUAKE WIND 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 MAX POSITIVE
LEFT 70.38 71.31 30.83 0.44 212.54 207.03 133.03 170.56 169.50 212.54
MIDDLE 1.44 0.51 30.83 0.44 2.92 39.33 -34.66 2.86 1.81 39.33
A1A2 RIGHT 73.26 72.33 30.83 0.44 218.38 211.70 137.70 175.23 174.18 218.38
LEFT 69.98 69.88 30.83 0.44 209.78 204.83 130.83 168.35 167.30 209.78
MIDDLE -0.16 -0.06 30.83 0.44 -0.32 36.74 -37.26 0.27 -0.79 36.74
A2A3 RIGHT 69.82 69.82 30.83 0.44 209.46 204.57 130.57 168.10 167.04 209.46
LEFT 69.82 69.82 30.83 0.44 209.46 204.57 130.57 168.10 167.04 209.46
MIDDLE 0.00 0.00 30.83 0.44 0.00 37.00 -37.00 0.53 -0.53 37.00
A3A4 RIGHT 69.82 69.82 30.83 0.44 209.46 204.57 130.57 168.10 167.04 209.46
LEFT 71.82 71.82 30.83 0.44 215.46 209.37 135.37 172.90 171.84 215.46
MIDDLE 0.00 0.00 30.83 0.44 0.00 37.00 -37.00 0.53 -0.53 37.00
A4A5 RIGHT 71.82 71.82 30.83 0.44 215.46 209.37 135.37 172.90 171.84 215.46
LEFT 69.66 69.76 30.83 0.44 209.13 204.31 130.31 167.83 166.78 209.13
MIDDLE 0.16 0.06 30.83 0.44 0.32 37.26 -36.74 0.79 -0.27 37.26
A5A6 RIGHT 69.98 69.88 30.83 0.44 209.78 204.83 130.83 168.35 167.30 209.78
LEFT 72.03 71.90 30.83 0.44 215.89 209.71 135.72 173.24 172.19 215.89
MIDDLE -1.44 -0.51 30.83 0.44 -2.92 34.66 -39.33 -1.81 -2.86 34.66
TOP STOREY A6A7 RIGHT 70.38 71.32 30.83 0.44 212.55 207.04 133.04 170.56 169.51 212.55

LEFT 67.38 71.39 84.34 1.71 208.15 267.72 65.32 168.57 164.47 267.72
4TH STOREY B1B2 MIDDLE 4.44 0.44 84.34 1.71 7.33 107.07 -95.34 7.92 3.81 107.07

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 RIGHT 76.26 72.26 84.34 1.71 222.78 279.43 77.02 180.28 176.17 279.43
LEFT 70.17 69.85 84.34 1.71 210.03 269.23 66.82 170.08 165.97 269.23
MIDDLE -0.35 -0.03 84.34 1.71 -0.57 100.74 -101.66 1.59 -2.51 100.74
B2B3 RIGHT 69.61 69.82 84.34 1.71 209.14 268.52 66.11 169.37 165.26 268.52
LEFT 70.03 69.82 84.34 1.71 209.78 269.02 66.62 169.87 165.77 269.02
MIDDLE 0.11 0.00 84.34 1.71 0.17 101.34 -101.07 2.19 -1.92 101.34
B3B4 RIGHT 69.93 69.82 84.34 1.71 209.63 268.91 66.50 169.76 165.65 268.91
LEFT 71.93 71.82 84.34 1.71 215.63 273.71 71.30 174.56 170.45 273.71
MIDDLE -0.11 0.00 84.34 1.71 -0.17 101.07 -101.34 1.92 -2.19 101.07
B4B5 RIGHT 71.71 71.82 84.34 1.71 215.29 273.43 71.03 174.28 170.18 273.43
LEFT 69.47 69.79 84.34 1.71 208.88 268.31 65.90 169.16 165.05 268.31
MIDDLE 0.35 0.03 84.34 1.71 0.57 101.66 -100.74 2.51 -1.59 101.66
B5B6 RIGHT 70.17 69.85 84.34 1.71 210.03 269.23 66.82 170.08 165.97 269.23
LEFT 72.96 71.91 84.34 1.71 217.31 275.05 72.64 175.90 171.79 275.05
MIDDLE -4.44 -0.44 84.34 1.71 -7.33 95.34 -107.07 -3.81 -7.92 95.34
B6B7 RIGHT 67.38 71.38 84.34 1.71 208.14 267.71 65.30 168.56 164.46 267.71

LEFT 67.38 71.39 121.52 3.32 208.15 312.35 20.70 170.51 162.53 312.35
MIDDLE 4.44 0.44 121.52 3.32 7.33 151.69 -139.96 9.85 1.88 151.69
C1C2 RIGHT 76.26 72.26 121.52 3.32 222.78 324.05 32.40 182.21 174.24 324.05
LEFT 70.17 69.85 121.52 3.32 210.03 313.85 22.20 172.01 164.04 313.85
MIDDLE -0.35 -0.03 121.52 3.32 -0.57 145.37 -146.28 3.53 -4.45 145.37
C2C3 RIGHT 69.61 69.82 121.52 3.32 209.14 313.14 21.49 171.30 163.33 313.14
LEFT 70.03 69.82 121.52 3.32 209.78 313.64 22.00 171.81 163.83 313.64
MIDDLE 0.11 0.00 121.52 3.32 0.17 145.96 -145.69 4.12 -3.85 145.96
C3C4 RIGHT 69.93 69.82 121.52 3.32 209.63 313.53 21.88 171.69 163.72 313.53
LEFT 71.93 71.82 121.52 3.32 215.63 318.33 26.68 176.49 168.52 318.33
MIDDLE -0.11 0.00 121.52 3.32 -0.17 145.69 -145.96 3.85 -4.12 145.69
C4C5 RIGHT 71.71 71.82 121.52 3.32 215.29 318.05 26.41 176.22 168.24 318.05
LEFT 69.47 69.79 121.52 3.32 208.88 312.93 21.28 171.09 163.12 312.93
3RD STOREY C5C6 MIDDLE 0.35 0.03 121.52 3.32 0.57 146.28 -145.37 4.45 -3.53 146.28

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 RIGHT 70.17 69.85 121.52 3.32 210.03 313.85 22.20 172.01 164.04 313.85
LEFT 72.96 71.91 121.52 3.32 217.31 319.67 28.02 177.83 169.86 319.67
MIDDLE -4.44 -0.44 121.52 3.32 -7.33 139.96 -151.69 -1.88 -9.85 139.96
C6C7 RIGHT 67.38 71.38 121.52 3.32 208.14 312.33 20.68 170.49 162.52 312.33

LEFT 67.38 71.39 144.19 4.81 208.15 339.55 -6.51 172.29 160.75 339.55
MIDDLE 4.44 0.44 144.19 4.81 7.33 178.89 -167.17 11.63 0.09 178.89
D1D2 RIGHT 76.26 72.26 144.19 4.81 222.78 351.26 5.20 184.00 172.46 351.26
LEFT 70.17 69.85 144.19 4.81 210.03 341.06 -5.00 173.80 162.26 341.06
MIDDLE -0.35 -0.03 144.19 4.81 -0.57 172.57 -173.49 5.31 -6.23 172.57
D2D3 RIGHT 69.61 69.82 144.19 4.81 209.14 340.35 -5.72 173.09 161.54 340.35
LEFT 70.03 69.82 144.19 4.81 209.78 340.85 -5.21 173.59 162.05 340.85
MIDDLE 0.11 0.00 144.19 4.81 0.17 173.17 -172.89 5.91 -5.64 173.17
D3D4 RIGHT 69.93 69.82 144.19 4.81 209.63 340.74 -5.33 173.48 161.93 340.74
LEFT 71.93 71.82 144.19 4.81 215.63 345.54 -0.53 178.28 166.73 345.54
MIDDLE -0.11 0.00 144.19 4.81 -0.17 172.90 -173.17 5.64 -5.91 172.90
D4D5 RIGHT 71.71 71.82 144.19 4.81 215.29 345.26 -0.80 178.00 166.46 345.26
LEFT 69.47 69.79 144.19 4.81 208.88 340.14 -5.93 172.88 161.33 340.14
MIDDLE 0.35 0.03 144.19 4.81 0.57 173.49 -172.57 6.23 -5.31 173.49
D5D6 RIGHT 70.17 69.85 144.19 4.81 210.03 341.06 -5.00 173.80 162.26 341.06
LEFT 72.96 71.91 144.19 4.81 217.31 346.88 0.82 179.62 168.08 346.88
MIDDLE -4.44 -0.44 144.19 4.81 -7.33 167.17 -178.89 -0.09 -11.63 167.17
2ND STOREY D6D7 RIGHT 67.38 71.38 144.19 4.81 208.14 339.54 -6.52 172.28 160.74 339.54

LEFT 67.38 71.39 155.98 6.23 208.15 353.70 -20.66 174.00 159.04 353.70
MIDDLE 4.44 0.44 155.98 6.23 7.33 193.04 -181.32 13.34 -1.62 193.04
E1E2 RIGHT 76.26 72.26 155.98 6.23 222.78 365.41 -8.95 185.71 170.75 365.41
LEFT 70.17 69.85 155.98 6.23 210.03 355.21 -19.15 175.51 160.55 355.21
MIDDLE -0.35 -0.03 155.98 6.23 -0.57 186.72 -187.64 7.02 -7.94 186.72
E2E3 RIGHT 69.61 69.82 155.98 6.23 209.14 354.50 -19.87 174.79 159.83 354.50
1ST STOREY E3E4 LEFT 70.03 69.82 155.98 6.23 209.78 355.00 -19.36 175.30 160.34 355.00

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 MIDDLE 0.11 0.00 155.98 6.23 0.17 187.32 -187.04 7.62 -7.34 187.32
RIGHT 69.93 69.82 155.98 6.23 209.63 354.89 -19.48 175.18 160.22 354.89
LEFT 71.93 71.82 155.98 6.23 215.63 359.69 -14.68 179.98 165.02 359.69
MIDDLE -0.11 0.00 155.98 6.23 -0.17 187.04 -187.32 7.34 -7.62 187.04
E4E5 RIGHT 71.71 71.82 155.98 6.23 215.29 359.41 -14.95 179.71 164.75 359.41
LEFT 69.47 69.79 155.98 6.23 208.88 354.29 -20.07 174.59 159.63 354.29
MIDDLE 0.35 0.03 155.98 6.23 0.57 187.64 -186.72 7.94 -7.02 187.64
E5E6 RIGHT 70.17 69.85 155.98 6.23 210.03 355.21 -19.15 175.51 160.55 355.21
LEFT 72.96 71.91 155.98 6.23 217.31 361.03 -13.33 181.33 166.37 361.03
MIDDLE -4.44 -0.44 155.98 6.23 -7.33 181.32 -193.04 1.62 -13.34 181.32
E6E7 RIGHT 67.38 71.38 155.98 6.23 208.14 353.69 -20.67 173.99 159.03 353.69

LEFT 67.38 71.39 160.52 7.66 208.15 359.14 -26.10 175.71 157.33 359.14
MIDDLE 4.44 0.44 160.52 7.66 7.33 198.48 -186.76 15.05 -3.33 198.48
F1F2 RIGHT 76.26 72.26 160.52 7.66 222.78 370.85 -14.39 187.42 169.04 370.85
LEFT 70.17 69.85 160.52 7.66 210.03 360.65 -24.59 177.22 158.84 360.65
MIDDLE -0.35 -0.03 160.52 7.66 -0.57 192.16 -193.08 8.73 -9.65 192.16
F2F3 RIGHT 69.61 69.82 160.52 7.66 209.14 359.94 -25.31 176.50 158.13 359.94
LEFT 70.03 69.82 160.52 7.66 209.78 360.44 -24.80 177.01 158.63 360.44
MIDDLE 0.11 0.00 160.52 7.66 0.17 192.76 -192.48 9.33 -9.05 192.76
F3F4 RIGHT 69.93 69.82 160.52 7.66 209.63 360.33 -24.92 176.89 158.52 360.33
LEFT 71.93 71.82 160.52 7.66 215.63 365.13 -20.12 181.69 163.32 365.13
MIDDLE -0.11 0.00 160.52 7.66 -0.17 192.48 -192.76 9.05 -9.32 192.48
F4F5 RIGHT 71.71 71.82 160.52 7.66 215.29 364.85 -20.39 181.42 163.04 364.85
LEFT 69.47 69.79 160.52 7.66 208.88 359.73 -25.52 176.29 157.92 359.73
MIDDLE 0.35 0.03 160.52 7.66 0.57 193.08 -192.16 9.65 -8.73 193.08
F5F6 RIGHT 70.17 69.85 160.52 7.66 210.03 360.65 -24.59 177.22 158.84 360.65
LEFT 72.96 71.91 160.52 7.66 217.31 366.47 -18.77 183.04 164.66 366.47
MIDDLE -4.44 -0.44 160.52 7.66 -7.33 186.76 -198.48 3.33 -15.05 186.76
GROUND STOREY F6F7 RIGHT 67.38 71.38 160.52 7.66 208.14 359.13 -26.11 175.70 157.32 359.13
Table 46 Load combination for beam shear in longer

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 2. Shorter direction

LEVEL BEAMS POSITION DEAD LIVE EARTHQUAKE WIND 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 MAX POSITIVE
LEFT 78.57 80.66 17.62 1.17 238.84 212.22 169.93 192.48 189.67 238.84
MIDDLE 3.23 1.14 17.62 1.17 6.55 26.38 -15.90 6.65 3.84 26.38
AB RIGHT 85.03 83.93 17.62 1.17 253.44 223.89 181.61 204.16 201.35 253.44
LEFT 20.73 20.24 35.24 2.34 61.44 91.44 6.87 51.97 46.34 91.44
MIDDLE -0.75 -0.26 35.24 2.34 -1.52 41.07 -43.50 1.60 -4.03 41.07
BC RIGHT 19.22 19.71 35.24 2.34 58.40 89.01 4.44 49.53 43.91 89.01
LEFT 80.37 80.00 17.62 1.17 240.56 213.59 171.30 193.85 191.04 240.56
MIDDLE -2.28 -0.80 17.62 1.17 -4.63 17.44 -24.85 -2.30 -5.11 17.44
TOP STOREY CD RIGHT 79.23 79.60 17.62 1.17 238.24 211.74 169.45 192.00 189.19 238.24

LEFT 82.97 81.69 48.19 4.56 246.98 255.41 139.75 203.06 192.11 255.41
MIDDLE -1.17 -0.11 48.19 4.56 -1.92 56.29 -59.37 3.94 -7.01 56.29
EF RIGHT 80.63 81.91 48.19 4.56 243.82 252.88 137.23 200.53 189.58 252.88
LEFT 20.32 19.98 96.39 9.13 60.44 164.01 -67.31 59.30 37.40 164.01
MIDDLE -0.34 0.00 96.39 9.13 -0.51 115.25 -116.07 10.54 -11.36 115.25
FG RIGHT 19.63 19.98 96.39 9.13 59.41 163.19 -68.13 58.48 36.58 163.19
LEFT 81.19 79.94 48.19 4.56 241.69 251.18 135.53 198.83 187.88 251.18
MIDDLE -5.55 -0.56 48.19 4.56 -9.17 50.50 -65.16 -1.86 -12.81 50.50
4TH STOREY GH RIGHT 78.41 79.66 48.19 4.56 237.11 247.51 131.86 195.16 184.21 247.51

LEFT 82.97 81.69 69.44 8.86 246.98 280.91 114.25 208.21 186.95 280.91
MIDDLE -1.17 -0.11 69.44 8.86 -1.92 81.79 -84.87 9.09 -12.17 81.79
IJ RIGHT 80.63 81.91 69.44 8.86 243.82 278.38 111.73 205.69 184.43 278.38
LEFT 20.32 19.98 138.88 17.72 60.44 215.01 -118.31 69.61 27.09 215.01
MIDDLE -0.34 0.00 138.88 17.72 -0.51 166.24 -167.07 20.85 -21.67 166.24
JK RIGHT 19.63 19.98 138.88 17.72 59.41 214.18 -119.13 68.79 26.27 214.18
LEFT 81.19 79.94 69.44 8.86 241.69 276.68 110.03 203.98 182.72 276.68
3RD STOREY KL MIDDLE -5.55 -0.56 69.44 8.86 -9.17 76.00 -90.66 3.30 -17.96 76.00

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 RIGHT 78.41 79.66 69.44 8.86 237.11 273.01 106.36 200.31 179.05 273.01

LEFT 82.97 81.69 82.40 12.83 246.98 296.46 98.70 212.98 182.19 296.46
MIDDLE -1.17 -0.11 82.40 12.83 -1.92 97.34 -100.42 13.86 -16.93 97.34
MN RIGHT 80.63 81.91 82.40 12.83 243.82 293.94 96.18 210.45 179.66 293.94
LEFT 20.32 19.98 164.79 25.66 60.44 246.10 -149.40 79.14 17.56 246.10
MIDDLE -0.34 0.00 164.79 25.66 -0.51 197.34 -198.16 30.38 -31.20 197.34
NO RIGHT 19.63 19.98 164.79 25.66 59.41 245.28 -150.22 78.32 16.74 245.28
LEFT 81.19 79.94 82.40 12.83 241.69 292.23 94.47 208.75 177.96 292.23
MIDDLE -5.55 -0.56 82.40 12.83 -9.17 91.55 -106.21 8.06 -22.73 91.55
2ND STOREY OP RIGHT 78.41 79.66 82.40 12.83 237.11 288.56 90.80 205.08 174.29 288.56

LEFT 82.97 81.69 89.13 16.62 246.98 304.54 90.62 217.53 177.63 304.54
MIDDLE -1.17 -0.11 89.13 16.62 -1.92 105.42 -108.50 18.41 -21.48 105.42
QR RIGHT 80.63 81.91 89.13 16.62 243.82 302.02 88.10 215.00 175.11 302.02
LEFT 20.32 19.98 178.27 33.25 60.44 262.27 -165.57 88.25 8.45 262.27
MIDDLE -0.34 0.00 178.27 33.25 -0.51 213.51 -214.33 39.49 -40.31 213.51
RS RIGHT 19.63 19.98 178.27 33.25 59.41 261.45 -166.39 87.42 7.63 261.45
LEFT 81.19 79.94 89.13 16.62 241.69 300.31 86.39 213.30 173.41 300.31
MIDDLE -5.55 -0.56 89.13 16.62 -9.17 99.63 -114.29 12.62 -27.28 99.63
1ST STOREY ST RIGHT 78.41 79.66 89.13 16.62 237.11 296.64 82.72 209.63 169.74 296.64

LEFT 82.97 81.69 91.73 20.42 246.98 307.65 87.51 222.08 173.08 307.65
MIDDLE -1.17 -0.11 91.73 20.42 -1.92 108.53 -111.61 22.96 -26.04 108.53
UV RIGHT 80.63 81.91 91.73 20.42 243.82 305.13 84.99 219.56 170.55 305.13
LEFT 20.32 19.98 183.45 40.84 60.44 268.49 -171.79 97.36 -0.65 268.49
MIDDLE -0.34 0.00 183.45 40.84 -0.51 219.73 -220.55 48.59 -49.42 219.73
VW RIGHT 19.63 19.98 183.45 40.84 59.41 267.67 -172.61 96.53 -1.48 267.67
LEFT 81.19 79.94 91.73 20.42 241.69 303.42 83.28 217.86 168.85 303.42
MIDDLE -5.55 -0.56 91.73 20.42 -9.17 102.74 -117.40 17.17 -31.83 102.74
GROUND STOREY WX RIGHT 78.41 79.66 91.73 20.42 237.11 299.75 79.61 214.19 165.18 299.75

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Table 47 Load combination for beam shear in shorter

Column Axial Force

FOR A1A2A3A4A5A6A7

COLUMN DL LL EL WL 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 MAX

A1A2 78.57 80.66 -17.61 -1.72 238.85 169.94 212.21 189.02 193.13 238.85
A2A3 161.53 162.57 -65.80 -6.28 486.16 309.96 467.89 381.40 396.46 486.16
A3A4 244.49 244.48 -135.24 -15.14 733.47 424.48 749.06 568.61 604.94 749.06
A4A5 327.45 326.39 -217.64 -27.96 980.77 523.44 1045.79 751.06 818.17 1045.79
A5A6 410.41 408.30 -306.78 -44.59 1228.08 614.33 1350.59 928.96 1035.96 1350.59
A6A7 493.37 490.21 -398.50 -65.00 1475.38 702.10 1658.51 1102.30 1258.31 1658.51

FOR B1B2B3B4B5B6B7 MAX 1658.51

COLUMN DL LL EL WL 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 MAX

B1B2 100.76 103.17 -17.62 -1.17 305.90 223.58 265.86 243.32 246.13 305.90
B2B3 201.71 204.84 -65.81 -5.74 609.82 408.88 566.83 480.97 494.74 609.82
B3B4 302.66 306.50 -135.25 -14.59 913.74 568.68 893.29 713.48 748.50 913.74
B4B5 403.61 408.16 -217.65 -27.42 1217.65 712.95 1235.30 941.22 1007.03 1235.30
B5B6 504.56 509.82 -306.78 -44.05 1521.57 849.12 1585.39 1164.40 1270.11 1585.39
B6B7 605.51 611.48 -398.50 -64.47 1825.49 982.19 1938.59 1383.03 1537.75 1938.59

FOR C1C2C3C4C5C6C7 MAX 1938.59

COLUMN DL LL EL WL 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 MAX

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C1C2 99.60 99.71 17.62 1.17 298.96 260.31 218.03 240.57 237.76 298.96
C2C3 200.42 199.63 65.81 5.74 600.06 559.03 401.08 486.93 473.17 600.06
C3C4 301.24 299.54 135.25 14.59 901.17 883.24 558.63 738.45 703.42 901.17
C4C5 402.06 399.46 217.65 27.42 1202.27 1222.99 700.64 994.72 928.91 1222.99
C5C6 502.88 499.37 306.78 44.05 1503.38 1570.83 834.57 1255.56 1149.84 1570.83
C6C7 603.70 599.29 398.50 64.47 1804.48 1921.79 965.38 1520.94 1366.22 1921.79

FOR D1D2D3D4D5D6D7 MAX 1921.79

COLUMN DL LL EL WL 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 MAX

D1D2 79.23 79.60 17.62 1.17 238.24 211.74 169.45 192.00 189.19 238.24
D2D3 157.64 159.26 65.81 5.73 475.35 459.25 301.31 387.16 373.40 475.35
D3D4 236.05 238.92 135.25 14.59 712.46 732.26 407.67 587.48 552.46 732.26
D4D5 314.46 318.58 217.65 27.42 949.56 1020.83 498.47 792.56 726.75 1020.83
D5D6 392.88 398.24 306.78 44.04 1186.67 1317.48 581.20 1002.19 896.49 1317.48
D6D7 471.29 477.90 398.51 64.46 1423.78 1617.23 660.82 1216.38 1061.67 1617.23

MAX 1617.23
Table 48 Load combination for column axial forces

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Design of beams

DESIGN OF ROOF BEAM:

Specifications : Width(b)= 300 mm

Depth(D)=300 mm
𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 25 N/mm2,
fy =415 N/mm2
Clear cover(cc) =20mm and
Diameter of stirrup (dst)= 8mm

(A)Calculation of main reinforcement : ( Sagging moment)

Effective depth of beam (d) = D– cc- dst-(dia/2) = 264 mm

Mu,lim = 0.138 ×fck ×b ×d^2= 93.150KNm
Maximum sagging moment at supports (M)= 232.23 KNm
Since M >Mu,lim
So, beam is designed as a doubly reinforced beam.

Xu,lim = 0.48 ×d = 126.72 mm

d’=20+16/2=28mm
(d’/d)=0.10
𝑓𝑠𝑐 =353 N/mm2
𝐴𝑠𝑐 = Mu2/(𝑓𝑠𝑐 )*(d-𝑑𝑐 ) = 1576.65 mm2

Ast1 = 0.36*fck*b*Xu/(0.87*fy) = 987.120 mm2

Ast2= fsc*Asc/(0.87*fy) = 1541.5mm2

Providing 5 nos. of 16 mm bars at the top at supports.

Providing 8 nos. of 16 mm dia bars at bottom compression face of supports.

(a) Calculation of shear reinforcement :

Maximum shear force(V) = 253.438 KN

Nominal shear stress(𝜏𝑣 ) = V/bd = 3.096 N/mm2 < (𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 ) = 3.1 N/mm2* ,so okay
> (𝜏𝑐 ) = 0.64 N/mm2**
(From *Table 19 and **20 of IS 456:2000)

Hence design shear required.

Vus= (𝜏𝑣 − 𝜏𝑐 )bd = 295KN

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Let us assume 8mm 2 legged stirrup
Asv= 100.48mm2

Spacing of shear reinforcement:

𝑠𝑣 = (0.87fy× 𝐴𝑠𝑣 d)/ 𝑉𝑢𝑠

Providing 2 legged vertical stirrup of 8 mm diameter @ spacing 30mm c/c

Check for spacing:

Maximum permissible spacing: (i) 0.75×d = 267.75 mm

(ii) 300 mm
Hence,okay.

(B)Calculation of main reinforcement : ( Hogging moment)

Effective depth of beam (d) = D– cc- dst-(dia/2) = 264 mm

Mu,lim = 0.138 ×fck ×b ×d^2= 93.150KNm
Maximum hogging moment at supports (M)= 91.187292 KNm
Since Mu,lim> M
So, beam is designed as a singly reinforced beam.

Xu,lim = 0.48 ×d = 126.72 mm

d’=20+16/2=28mm
Ast = 1042.9 mm2

Provide 6 Nos of 16mm diabar .

(a) Calculation of shear reinforcement :

Maximum shear force(V) = 253.438 KN

Nominal shear stress(𝜏𝑣 ) = V/bd = 3.096 N/mm2 < (𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 ) = 3.1 N/mm2* ,so okay
> (𝜏𝑐 ) = 0.64 N/mm2**
(From *Table 19 and **20 of IS 456:2000)

Hence design shear required.

Vus= (𝜏𝑣 − 𝜏𝑐 )bd = 295KN

Let us assume 8mm 2 legged stirrup

Asv= 100.48mm2

Spacing of shear reinforcement:

𝑠𝑣 = (0.87fy× 𝐴𝑠𝑣 d)/ 𝑉𝑢𝑠

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Providing 2 legged vertical stirrup of 8 mm diameter @ spacing 30mm c/c

Check for spacing:

Maximum permissible spacing: (i) 0.75×d = 267.75 mm

(ii) 300 mm
Hence,okay.

Detailing of roof beam:

Figure 15 Cross section of roof beam at mid span

Figure 16 Cross section of roof beam at supports

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Figure 17 Elevation of roof beam

DESIGN OF FLOOR BEAM:

Particulars: Width(b)= 350 mm ,Depth(D)=400 mm

𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 30 N/mm2, fy =415 N/mm2
Clear cover(cc) =25mm and diameter of stirrup (dst)= 8mm

(A)Calculation of main reinforcement for supports:

Effective depth of beam = D– cc- dst-(dia/2) = 357 mm

Mu,lim = 0.138 ×fck ×b ×d^2= 184.67 KNm
Maximum hogging moment at supports (M)= 454.68 KNm

So, beam is designed as a doubly reinforced beam.

Xu,lim = 0.48 ×d = 171.36 mm

Ast1 = Mu,lim/(0.87 ×fy ×(d-0.42 ×xu,lim)) = 1796 mm2
Ast2= (M –Mu,lim)/(0.87×fy×(d-dc)) = 2360 mm2

Providing 6 nos. of 20 mm bars and 5 nos. of 25 mm bar at the top at supports.

𝜖𝑠𝑐 = (xu,lim-dc)×0.0035/(xu,lim) = 0.00268

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𝑓𝑠𝑐 =348.94 N/mm2
𝐴𝑠𝑐 = Mu2/(𝑓𝑠𝑐 -0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 )(d-𝑑𝑐 ) = 2540 mm2

Providing 6 nos. of 25 mm dia bars at bottom compression face of supports.

(a) Calculation of shear reinforcement :

Maximum shear force(V) = 370.85 KN

Nominal shear stress(𝜏𝑣 ) = V/bd = 2.96 N/mm2 < (𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 ) = 3.5 N/mm2* ,so okay
> (𝜏𝑐 ) = 0.96 N/mm2**
(From *Table 19 and **20 of IS 456:2000)

Spacing of shear reinforcement:

𝑠𝑣 = (0.87fy× 𝐴𝑠𝑣 d)/ 𝑉𝑢𝑠
Providing 3 legged vertical stirrup of 8 mm diameter @ spacing 150 mm

Check for spacing:

Maximum permissible spacing: (i) 0.75×d = 267.75 mm

(ii) 300 mm Hence,okay.

(b) Calculation of development length :

𝐿𝑑 = (0.87fy×dia)/(4(𝜏𝑏𝑑 ) = 752.18 mm ,say 760 mm

(B)Calculation of reinforcement for mid-span:

Effective depth of beam = D– cc- dst-(dia/2) = 357 mm

Mu,lim = 0.138 ×fck ×b ×d^2= 184.67 KNm
Maximum sagging moment at mid span(M)=454.677 KNm

So, beam is designed as a doubly reinforced beam.

Xu,lim = 0.48 ×d = 171.36 mm

Ast1 = Mu,lim/(0.87 ×fy ×(d-0.42 ×xu,lim)) = 1796 mm2
Ast2= (M –Mu,lim)/(0.87×fy×(d-dc)) = 2360 mm2

Providing 6 nos. of 20 mm bars and 5 nos. of 25 mm bar at the bottom.

𝜖𝑠𝑐 = (xu,lim-dc)×0.0035/(xu,lim) = 0.00268

𝑓𝑠𝑐 =348.94 N/mm2
𝐴𝑠𝑐 = Mu2/(𝑓𝑠𝑐 -0.45𝑓𝑐𝑘 )(d-𝑑𝑐 ) = 2540 mm2

Providing 6 nos. of 25 mm dia bars at top.

(a) Calculation of shear reinforcement :

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Maximum shear force(V) = 370.85 KN
Nominal shear stress(𝜏𝑣 ) = V/bd = 2.96 N/mm2 < (𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 ) = 3.5 N/mm2* ,so okay
> (𝜏𝑐 ) = 0.96 N/mm2**
(From *Table 19 and **20 of IS 456:2000)

Spacing of shear reinforcement:

𝑠𝑣 = (0.87fy× 𝐴𝑠𝑣 d)/ 𝑉𝑢𝑠
Providing 3 legged vertical stirrup of 8 mm diameter @ spacing 150 mm

Check for spacing:

Maximum permissible spacing: (i) 0.75×d = 267.75 mm

(ii) 300 mm Hence,okay.

(b) Calculation of development length :

𝐿𝑑 = (0.87fy×dia)/(4(𝜏𝑏𝑑 ) = 752.18 mm ,say 760 mm

Detailing of floor beam

Figure 18 Cross section of a floor beam at mid span

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Figure 19 Cross section of floor beam at supports

Figure 20 Elevation of a floor beam

DESIGN OF COLUMN:

Particulars: Size of column: 400×400 mm ,𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 30 N/mm2 𝑓𝑦 = 415 N/mm2

Clear cover = 50 mm, 𝑑 ′ =55
Factored load = 1940 KN
𝑀𝑢𝑥 = 393.34 KNm, 𝑀𝑢𝑦 = 260.76 KNm
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 0.65×L = 2145 mm

(a) Check for minimum eccentricity: 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 /500 + D/30 = 14.29 mm < 20 mm

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< 0.05𝐷=15 mm
(From IS 456 Cl.24.4)

(b) Check for short column :

𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 /D = 7.15 <12, so it is designed as short column. (IS 456 Cl.24.1.2)

(c) Calculation of 𝒑/𝒇𝒄𝒌 from SP 16:

d'/D 0.1 0.1375 0.15

p/fck 0.18 0.195 0.2

𝑑 ′ /D = 0.1375
𝑃𝑢 /𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷 = 0.404
𝑀𝑢 /𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷^2 = 0.205 (From Chart 45 of SP 16)
p/𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.195, p= 5.85%

Hence, 𝐴𝑠𝑐 = 9360 mm2

Providing 12 nos. of 32 mm dia bars

(p/𝑓𝑐𝑘 ) provided = 0.24

d'/D 0.1 0.1375 0.15

Mux1/fckbD^2 0.24 0.21 0.2

Mux1 403.2

(d) Determination of Puz and αn:

Puz=0.45 fck Ag + (0.75 fy) Asc

Pu/Puz = 0.3855 ,αn = 1.309

(e)Checking of adequacy of the section:

(Mux/Mux1)αn + (Muy/Muy1)αn should be less than 1

(Mux/Mux1)αn + (Muy/Muy1)αn = 0.905

Hence design is safe

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(f)Calculation of transverse reinforcement:
As per cl.26.5.3.2c of IS 456,

the diameter of lateral tie should be > (32/4) mm diameter or 6 mm.

Providing 10 mm diameter of lateral ties.

(g) Calculation of pitch:

Maximum pitch: (i) Least lateral dimension of column = 400 mm

(ii) 16×diameter of main bar =512 mm
(iii) 300 mm

(From IS 456 Cl. 26.5.3.2(c))

Detailing of column

Figure 21 Cross section of column

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Figure 22 Elevation of column

Design of staircase:

Particulars:-

Height of each floor = 3.3 m

No. of risers provided = 22
Height of riser, R = 160 mm, Width of tread, T=250 mm
Live load = 4 KN/m2, Finished load= 1 KN/m2
No. of flights provided =2

(a) Calculation of effective span and depth of slab:

Leff = (2500 + 1250 +1250 +150 +150) mm = 5300 mm

Considering Leff/d = 30, depth of waist slab, d= 5300/30mm = 176.77 mm
Taking overall depth of waist slab, D =210 mm
Taking clear cover as 20 mm and diameter of main bar 12 mm
Total effective depth of waist slab= 210-20-(12/2) =184 mm
Taking overall depth of landing as 200 mm
Total effective depth of landing = 200-20-(12/2) = 174 mm

117 | P a g e
(b) Calculation of loads:

(i) Loads on going:

Self-weight of waist slab = (25 × 𝐷/𝑇) × √(𝑅 2+𝑇 2 )

0.25
=(25 × 250 ) × 296.816 × 1 × 1 = 7.42 KN/m2
Self-weight of steps = 25× 0.5 × 𝑅 × 𝑇 × 1/𝑇 = 25×0.5×0.160×0.25×1/0.25
=2 KN/m2
Finished load = 1 KN/m2, Live load = 4 KN/m2

Total factored load = 1.5(7.42 +2+1+4) KN/m2 = 21.63 KN/m2

(ii) Loads on landing slab:

Self-weight of slab = 25×0.2 KN/m2 = 5 KN/m2

Finished load = 1 KN/m2, Live load = 4 KN/m2

Total factored load = 1.5(5+1+4) KN/m2 = 15 KN/m2

(c) Calculation of BM and SF:

Total loads for 1.15 m width of flight = 1.15(15 ×1.4 + 21.63×25 + 1.4×15) KN
= 110.486 KN
Shear force at C, 𝑉𝑐 =1.15(15×1.4(5.3- 0.7)+2.5×21.63×(1.4+(2.5/2) +15×1.4×1.4/2)/5.3
=52.37 KN
𝑉𝑑 =58.116 KN

The distance from the left end where SF zero is obtained is

x= (52.37-1.15×15×1.4+1.15×21.63×1)/(21.63×1.15)
=2.134 m

Maximum BM at x= 2.134 m from the left end

M =52.37×2.134-15×1.4(2.134-0.7)-21.63×0.5× (2.134-1.4)^2 = 75.82 KNm

Check for depth of slab:

d= sqrt(M/fck×b) = 126.195 mm < 224 mm
<174 mm, so okay

(d) Calculation of Ast:

Ast = 0.5×fck×bd/fy(1-sqrt(1-(4.6×M)/(fck×bd^2)))

=999.67 mm^2 for waist slab

=1127.47 mm^2 for landing slab

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Providing 16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c for landing and 12 mm @100 mm c/c for waist slab.

(e) Check for development length:

Development length of 12 mm dia bars = 47(12) mm = 564 mm, say 600 mm

And the same of 16 mm dia bars = 47(16) mm = 752 mm, say 800 mm

(f) Check for shear:

Maximum SF = 58.116 KN

𝜏𝑣 = 58.116×1000/(1150×174) N/mm2 = 0.29 N/mm2 ( landing slab)

=58.116× 1000/(1150×224) N/mm2 = 0.23 N/mm2 ( waist slab)

From IS 456:2000(Table 19 and clause 40.2.1.1)

For overall depth 200 mm, 𝑘𝑠 𝜏𝑐 = 1.2×0.474 =0.568 N/mm2 (landing slab)

For overall depth 250 mm, 𝑘𝑠 𝜏𝑐 = 1.1×0.554 =0.61 N/mm2 (waist slab)

𝜏𝑣 <𝜏𝑐 <𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 , so okay

(g) Calculation of distribution steel:

Ast = (0.12/100)×1000)×250 mm2/m = 300 mm2/m

Providing 8 mm @ 160 mm c/c

(h) Check for deflection:

(L/d) provided = 23.66

(L/d) allowable = 34 (From IS 456:2000 clause 23.2.1)

(L/d) allowable > (L/d) provided, so okay

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Detailing of staircase

Figure 23Staircase detailing side view

Figure 24 Staircase: top view

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Design of Footing
1) Isolated footing ( For Outer Columns of critical section )

Design axial load (Pu) = 1658.506KN

Total Working Load (P) = (1658.506/1.2) = 1382.1KN

Safe Bearing capacity (SBC) = 200KN/m2

Self Weight of footing = (1/10)*1382.1

=138.21 KN

Total weight ( P) = P + Self Weight

= 1520.3 KN

Area of Footing (A) = (P/SBC)

= 7.6015 m2

L*B = 7.6015

L= 2.76m

Hence, size of footing is 2.8*2.8 m , which is within the permissible range . Therefore for outer
columns isolated footing is provided.

Let,

A1= 7.6015 mm2

Design Load on footing (W) = 1.5*(P/A) = 300 KN/m2

Size of Column = 400mm*400mm

Ol1 = (L-x)/2 = 1.2m

OB1=(L-y)/2= 1.2m

Mb= 216 KN-m

Ma= 216 KN-m

Mu = 216 KN-m

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Xumax_d = 0.0035/(0.0055+0.87*fY*Es) = 0.48

d= 250 mm

Let clear cover = 50mm

D= d+ clear cover+(dia/2) = 306.5mm

Provide depth of footing 350mm .

CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR :-

Critical section (b) = 0.95 m

V= w*L*b = 798KN

τv= 0.29

Assume K=1

τc= 0.36 ( For M25)

τc>τv

Hence, safe from one way shear criteria.

Since it is safe from one way shear , it is automatically safe from two way shear.

Reinforcement required for footing ,

D= 350mm

d= 250 mm

Ast = 0.5*fck*b*d*(1- ( 1 – 4.6*Mu/fck*b*d2)0.5)

Ast = 2986.5mm2

Using 12mm bars,

No .of bars reqd =(2986.5)/(3.14/4)*122 = 26 bars

Spacing of bars =1000*(3.14/4)*122 /2986.8075= 37.34mm

Provide spacing 30mm c/c

Ast (provided) =1000*3.14*122/4*2986.5 = 3785mm2> 2986.5 mm2

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2) Combined Footing ( For Inner columns of critical section)

P1 =1938.594 KN
P2 = 1921.786 kN
Working Load P1= 1615 kN
Working Load P2 = 1601 kN
Size of each column = 400 mm x 400 mm
SBC = 200kN/m2
Self weight of footing =10% of(P1+ P2 )=321.6 KN
Spacing between two columns =2.0m
Total working load= 3216 KN
Area of footing required = 3216 / (SBC)
= 16.08 m2
Let width of footing = 3 m
Length = 5.36 m
Provide footing of size 3 m X 5.5 m
Distance of CG from center of C1 = P2.s / (P1 + P2)
= 0.99 m
Cantilever projection of footing beyond A is a=3/2-0.99= 0.51 m
Cantilever projection of footing beyond B is b=5.5/2-0.99= 1.76 m

Design of bottom slab

Total ultimate load from columns P𝑢 = 4820 KN

Upward intensity of soil pressure Wu = 4820/16.08= 300KN/m2

Load per m run of slab at ultimate = 300 X 1 = 300 KN/m
Cantilever projection of slab for column= 1000-400/2= 800 mm

Maximum ultimate moment= 300X0.8002 /2 = 96 KNm

For M25 and Fe415,

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Qmax= 0.138fck= 3.45N/mm2

87.281X106
Required effective depth = √ 3.45∗1000 = 166mm

Required total depth = 166+20/2+50 =226 mm say 250mm

Provide effective depth d= 250-50-20/2= 190 mm

Calculation of steel

Longitudinal reinforcement:
M𝒖
= 3.45
bd2

Percentage of steel =1.106 % (for Fe415)

Area of steel = 1.106 X 1000 X 190/100= 2101.4 mm2

Using 12 mm bars

Spacing required = 1000 X314/2101.4=53.79 mm

Let us assume it to be 50 mm c/c

Therefore area of steel provided = 1000 X314/150= 2260.8 mm2

Transverse reinforcement:

Area of steel = 0.15Bd/100= 0.15 X1000 X190/100= 285 mm2

Using bars of 8mm dia,

Spacing = 1000 X3.14 X82/4X1/285= 176 mm

So provide distribution steel at 150 mm c/c

Design of Column Strips as Transverse Beams:

Transverse beam under C1:

Factored load = (1615+1601) / 2 = 1608 kN/m

Projection of beam beyond column face = (2000 - 400)/2 = 1800 mm

Max Moment at column face = 1608 x 1.8002 / 2 = 2605 kNm

Effective depth of transverse beam, d = D – 50 -  x 1.5 = 182 mm (taking  = 12 mm)

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Width of Beam, b = 1000 mm

Provide min, reinforcement, Ast= 0.012 x b x D = 3000 mm^2

No. of 12 mm bars reqd. = 3000 / (3.14 x 12^2/4) = 26

Bars provided = 26

Transverse beams for C2 are similar.

Detailing of footing:

Figure 25 Detailing of isolated footing

Figure 26 Detailing of combined footing

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CONCLUSION

In the project entitled ‘Analysis and design of a G+5 Residential Building’, a structure of six
storeys is planned as per the building bye-laws, analysed by manual procedure and designed as
per the guidelines of Indian Standard Codes. Load calculation is done on the respective beams,
columns and footings. For dead load and live load, the frame is analysed by Substitute frame
Method, an approximate method which uses the Moment Distribution Method. For earthquake
and wind load analysis, the approximate portal frame method is used. The load combinations are
considered as per the Indian Standard Codes and the maximum values are taken in the design of
the elements. The design is done by the Limit State Method according to Indian Standard Code
provisions. The detailing finally shows the positioning of the various elements of the structure.

The final design is compared with the design obtained from STAAD Pro. The design and
detailing of structures is done based on the manual calculations.

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REFERENCES

1. National Building Code of India 2005,published by Bureau of Indian Standards,

ManakBhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah ZafarMarg, New Delhi 110 002, (India).
2. IS 456:2000, Plain and Reinforce Concrete - Code of Practice, Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi.
3. SP 16:1980, Design Aids For Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456-1978, Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi.
4. IS 19320:1993, Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic
Forces-Code of Practice, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
5. IS 1893: Part 1, (2002), Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures - Part1:
General Provisions and Buildings, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
6. IS 875: Part 1, (1987), Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures: Part 1 Dead loads - Unit weights of building material and stored
materials, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
7. IS 875: Part 2, (1987), Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures: Part 2 Imposed loads, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
8. IS 875: Part 3, (1987), Code of practice for design loads, wind loads, (other than
earthquake) for buildings and structures.
9. Agarwal, P. and Shrikhande, M., (2006) “Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures”,
Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, Code Based Procedure for
Determination of Design Lateral Loads , 251-259.
10. Menon, D. and Pillai, S., (2009) “Reinforced Concrete Design,” 3rd edition, Tata
McGrawHill, New Delhi.

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