5G Core – Heart of the transformation: evolution considerations

Webinar Series

Anders Askerup Terence Nally John O’Connell Dana Nehama Chris Daniel John DiGiglio
Solution Architect Segment Lead Chief Technologist Product Management Director Business Line Mgr, 5G Software Marketing Manager
HPE CMS Intel Network & Custom Logic HPE CMS Intel Network & Custom Logic Network, HPE CMS Intel Network & Custom Logic
Group Group Group

4G to 5G transition planning: Evolution and co- 5G and the IT-ification of Telecommunications 5G Sourcing Strategies: Openness with Risk
existence with legacy systems - with John O’Connell, Dana Nehama – June 27 aversion
Explore how the adoption of IT and cloud concepts will - with Chris Daniel, John DiGiglio – July 18
- with Anders Askerup, Terence Nally – June 6
enable the creation of agile and flexible open networks Key questions to help service providers consider changes
Explore the options for 5G and 4G interworking deemed with a cloud-native approach, leveraging micro-service and optimizations that may be needed in the sourcing
crucial for enabling operators to offer seamless service
delivery. design, DevOps concepts and container virtualization. processes in getting ready for 5G core networks

Webinar Series with Sue Rudd

Director, Service Provider Analysis, Strategic Analytics
©2019 FierceWireless. All rights reserved.

©2019 FierceWireless. All rights reserved.

 5G and the IT-ification of
Telecommunications:
Agility, Micro-Services and Cloud Native
Design Considerations
June 27, 2019

©2019 FierceWireless. All rights reserved.

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 Our speakers today:

Sue Rudd John O’Connell Dana Nehama

Director Service Chief Technologist Product Management Director
Provider Analysis Communications & Media Solutions Network and Custom Logic Group
Strategic Analytics Hewlett Packard Enterprise Intel

You can read their full bios on the right side of your window.
©2019 FierceWireless. All rights reserved.
 5G and the IT-ification of Telecommunications
Today’s agenda
Strategy Analytics – Sue Rudd, Director Service
• Communications Service Providers Need to Leverage IT Provider Analysis, Strategy Analytics

Hewlett Packard Enterprise – John O’Connell,

• 5G Network Functions as Cloud-Native Applications Chief Technologist, HPE Communications and
Media Solutions

Intel – Dana Nehama, Product Management

• Network Platform Transformation Director, Intel Network and Custom Logic Group
• Q&A

©2019 FierceWireless. All rights reserved.

 5G and the IT-ification of Telecommunications Webinar June 27th. 2019

Prepared By Sue Rudd, Director Networks & Service Platforms

email: [email protected]
June 27th. 2019

June 27th. 2019 Copyright© Strategy Analytics 2019 0

Factors Driving Communications Service Providers
to Leverage IT – ‘Scissor Chart’ Original Driver for SDN/NFV

Situation Leverage comes from IT

 Carrier Revenues per GB  Lower cost hardware on IT
have declined fast volume curve (COTS)
 Traffic is exploding  NFV for Increased
 Margins are eroding Agility/Response to
 Changes at Network customer in days
Edge (MEC/Edge Services  SDN for faster Time to
and Compute) Market [TTM]
 New investment  New IT Software
required for Fronthaul, Processes and Tools
Xhaul, Backhaul fixed  Emulate Cloud and
connectivity for 5G, ‘Webscale’ processes but
small cells add Carrier Grade
 Complexity demands AI Reliability and Scalability
& Automation

Copyright© 2019 Strategy Analytics, Inc. Revised June 2719

June 27th. 2019 Copyright© Strategy Analytics 2019 7

Telco. and IT Convergence – IT Evolution
IT Industry Developments 1980s - 2010s
Decade Technology Development IT Applications
• Distributed Computing (Minicomputer Revolution)
• Distributed Processing and Databases
1980s • Virtual Machines (VMs)
• Banks & Airline Transaction
• Event Based Networking and Management
Processing
• Automated Instantaneous Software Upgrade • IT Datacenters & Service Bureaus
1990s
• Services independent of Layer 1 Transport
• vLAN Bridging etc.
• & Layer 2 Protocols
• Server Farms & Storage Area
• Evolution from VMs to Containers Networks
2000s • Early Cloud Data Centers

• Scalable Data Centers • Public Cloud Services -

• ‘Webscale’ Cloud accessible remotely Microsoft Azure, AWS etc.

2010s • DevOps • Everything as a Service

• Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) • Continuous Application Delivery
Source: Updated from Strategy Analytics ‘Software Lessons for Telcos: Learning from IT and Cloud’ Sept. 2017
June 27th. 2019 Copyright© Strategy Analytics 2019
Telco. and IT Convergence –
Cloud Data Center vs. Telco Cloud Distributed Data Access

Traditional Connected Cloud Distributed Telco Cloud with Distributed

Data Centers Data & Distributed Processing

 Compute and  Distributed Compute Anywhere:

Storage at  Optimized from Edge to Core
Multiple Data
Centers  Dynamic I/O Connectivity:
 On-Demand Bandwidth
 High Speed I/O,
Connectivity  Database Access Everywhere
 Remote Data  Distributed Data Stores
Stores and synchronized across the
Processing Network

Source: Strategy Analytics ‘Subscriber Data Management (SDM) Anchors Telco Cloud DB for 5G Service Based Architecture’ May 2018

June 27th. 2019 Copyright© Strategy Analytics 2019

Telco. and IT Convergence – Distributed Compute & Data
Multi-Access Edge Compute and 5G Service Based Architecture demand dynamically optimized Distributed Processing
and Data Stores ‘wherever they want to be’….at Large Data Centers (DCs), Metro Area DCs & µicro DCs

Source: CTTC

June 27th. 2019 Copyright© Strategy Analytics 2019

CSPs can adopt much from IT…but there are Challenges
CSPs can leverage IT capabilities to:
• Evolve to Software based Cloud Native functional components:
 ‘Softwarization’ for ‘mix and match’ Agile functionality & Time to Market (TTM)
• Monitor End to End (E2E) Service Quality and Availability as it impacts customers:
 New KPIs for End to End (E2E) Service Assurance - not just Network Equipment failures
• Accelerate Deployment, Configuration Changes & System Automation:
 Reuse IT tools and modify as necessary – e.g. Openstack, Kubernetes
 All components must be upgradable in Real Time – e.g. Rollback w. A/B Switching as needed
 Dynamic Configuration Control and State Awareness of Events
• Optimize Inter-Process Communications (IPC) across Distributed ‘Pool of Resources:
 Distributed Compute and Data Stores for Virtualization Savings of 40 to 60 percent

Challenges for Service Provider evolution to ‘5G Ready’ Cloud Native software:
• 5G Network Functions as Cloud-Native Applications
• Network Platform Transformation
Source: Updated from Strategy Analytics ‘Software Lessons for Telcos: Learning from IT and Cloud’ Sept. 2017

June 27th. 2019 Copyright© Strategy Analytics 2019 11

5G Network Functions as
Cloud-Native Applications
John O’Connell, 5G Chief Technologist, HPE
How software has evolved to support digital services
From manually-operated appliances, to DevOps and `everything-as-code’

Loosely
“Glued” Architecture coupled
applications services

Slowly Continuously
Software Lifecycle
changing updated

Traditional Human Operations Machine Digital

IT operated operated Enterprise

Single
Sourcing Hybrid delivery
delivery
model
model

~2000 Today

Software appliances, on Server virtualization, for Public and private clouds, Container infrastructure, for
industry-standard HW/OS VM-based applications with SW-defined infrastructure Cloud-native applications

2
Enabling the CSP transformation to digital services
Service time-to-market Months  Weeks

Services instantiation Days  Minutes

Performance targets: Software lifecycle Occurence IterativeContinuous
Deploy MonthsMinutes

Overdimensioning 200-1000%100%

Operational challenges Cloud-native approach

Ever increasing network complexity Service-based software architecture

Service silos and fragmented processes Greater adoption of IT/cloud technologies and tools

Inefficient use of infrastructure resources Dynamic elasticity, for resource efficiency

Vendor specific software management tools Automated software upgrades, with CICD pipeline

Fragmented data across the network Shared Data Environment

 3GPP 5G core network service-based architecture
Adopting IT technologies and cloud concepts
Control Plane Functions

AF SMSF NEF NSSF NRF CHF BSF PCF 5G-EIR UDM AUSF

Naf Nsmsf Nnef Nnssf Nnrf Nchf Nbsf Npcf N5g-eir Nudm Nausf
SEPP N32

Nudsf Nudr
Namf Nsmf
UDSF UDR

Shared Data Environment

AMF SMF
Session Application

State Exposure

N1 N2 N4 Context Subscription

Application Policy
• 5G vision in NGMN white paper (2015)
5G Unstructured 5G Structured • Service-based architecture
N Data Data • Decomposition of network functions into finer-grained
w N3IWF
5G UE u services
• Replace SS7/diameter with HTTP/2 protocol
• Separation of application logic from subscriber and
N
session state
gNodeB 3 N Data • Service exposure via NEF, enabling slice-specific
UPF
(NG-RAN) 6 Network AFs built on standard IT technology
User Plane
• Support for virtualization of networks, with per-slice
Functions instantiations of control plane functions
Adopting a cloud-native architecture for 5G

How to apply cloud-native principles to 5G applications?

CI/CD
E2E Service Orchestration
Pipeline • Decompose network functions into micro-services which are
independently upgradable
Service Automated NFV
Onboarding Operations Operations
(MANO)
• Horizontally scalable processes
3GPP SBI
HTTP/2 interfaces
• Stateless services, designed for failure: store all state in
AMF
Network Function Micro-services external data-stores
UDM3GPP SBI HTTP/2 interfaces Message processing per Service registration
AMF
SMF
UDM
NEF
Namf
Nudm
3GPP SBI interface and discovery • One-off management tasks, with streaming for observability
SMF
AUSF Nsmf
OA&M Self-monitoring &
NEF
NSSF Nnef
Nnrf
interfaces
Security
overload control Telecom-specific challenges:
NRF

• Pets vs. cattle: http://cloudscaling.com/blog/cloud-

computing/the-history-of-pets-vs-cattle/
Monitoring

Config and
Messaging
Databases
Logging

Caching
Tracing

Secrets
• Carrier-grade features: 99.999% availability, predictable latency
• Session state in an external or shared data environment
• Interworking with existing 3G/4G services and OSS systems
Common PaaS Services
• Container-based deployment
Private, hybrid and public infrastructure

16
Benefits of a container based approach for 5G
VM#1 VM #2 Container 1# Container #2
Applications Applications Applications Applications

Bins/libs Bins/libs
Bins/libs Bins/libs

Guest OS Guest OS Container Runtime Engine

Host OS
Hypervisor

Hardware Hardware

Virtual Machine deployment model Container deployment model

• Designed to optimise server capacity via hardware virtualization • Designed for application portability across cloud environments

• Guest OS per VM • OS virtualization, with a common host OS

• Performance and capacity overhead because of guest OS • Bare-metal performance and improved capacity

• Gbyte VMs, start-up in minutes • Mbyte containers, start-up in seconds

• Isolated VM workloads, well-understood security practices and tools • Process isolation, simplify security management with a common OS

• Brings hardware independence to legacy apps • Brings agility and scalability to cloud-native apps

• Better option for applications that use specific OS features • Easily integrated into CICD pipeline

17
Integrating container-based workloads into NFV
Multiple hybrid models

VNF VNF VNF CNF VNF CNF VNF CNF VNF CNF VNF CNF

VM VM VM VM VM K8S VM OS VM
K8S
OpenStack OpenStack OpenStack OS Kubernetes Kubernetes

• Today’s NFV • Container-based • K8S cluster as • K8S and • K8S as an • Pure container
environment VNFCs within a an OpenStack OpenStack undercloud for management
VNF tenant, to side-by-side OpenStack. environment
orchestrate all
• VM workloads container • Deploy OS
• Use of • Bare-metal • Deploy existing
workloads control plane in
containers not container containers on VM workloads in
visible to VIM or • Common performance Kubernetes K8S PODs
NFVO layers container
orchestration • OpenStack
• Minimal engine for CNFs compatibility for
evolution, limited existing VMs
impacts or
benefits
Evolution of NFV to cloud-native

18
A common platform for cloud-native 5G NFs
PaaS technology choices Benefits and impacts
– Container orchestration, e.g. Kubernetes – Greater adoption of open source technology within the stack
– Private repository with image management – Harmonization of application management, replacing many
aspects of EMS and VNFM with common services
– Observability services for logging, metrics, tracing
– Facilitate the deployment of multi-vendor containerized NFs
– Service mesh for monitoring and controlling traffic across multiple cloud (and edge) environments
– Cloud-native networking and storage – NF developers can focus on application logic only, relying on
PaaS services for common operations
– Common toolsets for CICD pipeline
– Switch from vertical silo stacks to horizontal platforms, with
implications on sourcing, interoperability and certification

www.cncf.io: open source

technologies for managing Private, hybrid and public infrastructure
cloud-native applications
A common platform for an end-to-end network slice
19
CICD pipeline for continuous deployment
Supporting incremental and rolling upgrades of NF functionality

• Create a DevOps pipeline, supporting continuous

enhancements at micro-service granularity

• Weave automated and continuous testing into the

pipeline

• Use identified test tools and test plans for

functional and non-functional aspects (security,
performance, reliability)

• Support incremental releases and rolling

upgrades into production environment

• Enable blue-green and canary deployments for

different environments

20
Achieving IT-ification of 5G core

– 5G service-based architecture will drive the next wave

of IT-ification
– Going beyond virtualization and cloud infrastructure to
Telco & IT expertise 5G E2E slice offering
cloud-native applications
– Adopting a cloud-native architecture will bring agility,
automated operations and continuous improvements
– Cloud-native 5G will disrupt existing approaches to 4G/5G shared data
environment
5G cloud-native core
network functions
carrier-grade performance, NFV management and
orchestration, data management and interoperability
– Cloud-native PaaS provides container orchestration
and common technologies for application management Cost-effective delivery
and operations Evolution of NFV-I
– Enabling greater adoption of open source technologies
– Shifting the boundary between network applications and
network platforms
Interworking and bridging
of 5G with legacy Automated operations

HPE solutions and services for 5G

21
 Dana Nehama
Director, Product Management Network Platforms & Systems
Network and Custom Logic Group
Intel Corporation

Intel & HPE Webinar, June 2019

 END TO END NETWORK TRANSFORMATION

Latency <1 ms <5 ms <10-40 ms < 60 ms ~100 ms

Capacity Within Metro Cross-Regional Core Cross-Country
2017 27% 25% 48%
2022 33% 24% 43%

INTEL 5G END TO END APPROACH ADRESSING NETWORK REQUIREMENTS

PER LOCATION WHILE CAPACITY IS SHIFTING TO THE EDGE
Capacity Estimates: Cisco VNI Global IP Traffic Forecast, 2017-2022 23
Intel and HPE Webinar, June 2019
 NETWORK TRANSFORMATION BEGINS WITH
NETWORK PLATFORM TRANSFORMATION

CLOUD NATIVE
AUTOMATION

SCALABILITY
AGILITY

CLOUD READY - CLOUDIFICATION

NFV - VIRTUALIZATION

BARE METAL – STANDARD SERVER

2017 2018 2019 2020

ENABLING A SPECTRUM OF DEPLOYMENT MODELS AND

EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES
24
Intel and HPE Webinar, June 2019
 NETWORK TRANSFORMATION BEGINS WITH
NETWORK PLATFORM TRANSFORMATION

5G
CLOUD NATIVE
AUTOMATION

SCALABILITY
AGILITY

CLOUD READY - CLOUDIFICATION

NFV - VIRTUALIZATION

BARE METAL – STANDARD SERVER

2017 2018 2019 2020

ENABLING A SPECTRUM OF DEPLOYMENT MODELS AND

EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES
25
Intel and HPE Webinar, June 2019
 ADOPT CLOUD NATIVE PRACTICES
FOUNDATION FOR ENABLING NETWORK FLEXIBILITY, AGILITY, SCALE
INFRASTRUCTURE CLOUD NATIVE OPERATION
FACILITATE APPLICATION EXPLOIT THE CLOUD ENABLE RAPID INNOVATION
DELIVERY

AUTOMATION DYNAMICALLY MANAGED CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION

STANDARD INTERFACES PORTABLE CONTINUOUS DEPLOYMENT
SCALABILITY STATELESS
HIGH PERFORMANCE SCALABLE
SECURITY RESILIENT
CONTAINERS & VM DECOMPOSED
CNF & VNF

INTEL PLATFORM AND ECOSYSTEM PARTNERS DELIVER CLOUD

SCALABLE SOLUTIONS THAT ENABLE NETWORK TRANSFORMATION
26
Intel and HPE Webinar, June 2019
BECOMING 5G INFRASTRUCTURE READY

27
Intel and HPE Webinar, June 2019
2
 HARDWARE: MOVE, STORE & PROCESS THE DATA
UP TO ~600Gb/s PACKET
PROCESSING ON A DUAL SOCKET
PLATFORM¹ ACCELERATION SOLUTIONS
LOW LATENCY, MULTI-I/O SUPPORT
(E.G., SATA)
PERFORMANCE

UP TO ~200Gb/s PACKET PROCESSING²

INTEGRATED ETHERNET & ACCELERATION
FPGA ASSP Intel® eASIC™ VPU Custom
Silicon
LONG LIFE SUPPORT
LEADING MEDIA IP PERFORMANCE
(ENCODE/DECODE/TRANSCODE) ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES
UP TO 40Gb/s PACKET PROCESSING³
4W+
INDUSTRIAL TEMP SUPPORT, TIME COORDINATED Intel® Silicon
COMPUTING, INVESTING IN FUSA Photonics
Intel®
Intel® Ethernet
QuickAssist
Controller
POWER Technology

USE CONSISTENT SCALABLE & HIGHLY PROGRAMMABLE

ARCHITECTURE FROM EDGE TO DATA CENTER
1. Up To 586Gb/s Packet Processing on a dual socket Platform: Results based on internal Intel testing as of 8/2/2018. Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8160 CPU @ 2.10GHz (DP), 12x Intel® XXV710-DA4 PCI Express Gen Dual Port 25GbE Ethernet controller (4x25GbE/card).
Benchmark: DPDK v17.11 L3fwd sample application (IPv4, LPM, 3750000 flows). Score: 586Gbits/s packet forwarding at 512B packet size. 2. Up to 191Gb/s Packet Processing: Results based on internal Intel testing as of 5/1/2018. Intel(R) Xeon(R) D-2187NT CPU @ 2.0GHz,
4x Intel® XXV710-DA2 PCI Express Gen Dual Port 25GbE Ethernet controller (2x25GbE/card). Benchmark: DPDK v17.11 L3fwd sample application (IPv4, LPM, 2048 flows). Score: 191Gbits/s packet forwarding at 512B packet size. 3. Up to 40Gb/s Packet Processing: Results
based on internal Intel testing as of 8/14/2017. Intel(R) Atom(tm) Processor C3958 @2.0GHz, 2x Intel® X710-DA2 PCI Express Gen Dual Port 10GbE Ethernet controller (2x10GbE/card). Benchmark: DPDK v17.02 L3fwd sample application (IPv4, LPM, 1024 flows). Score:
40Gbits/s packet forwarding at 512B packet size. Disclaimer: Performance results may not reflect all publicly available security updates. See configuration disclosure for details. No product can be absolutely secure. Software and workloads used in performance tests may have been
optimized for performance only on Intel microprocessors. Performance tests, such as SYSmark and MobileMark, are measured using specific computer systems, components, software, operations and functions. Any change to any of those factors may cause the results to vary. You should
consult other information and performance tests to assist you in fully evaluating your contemplated purchases, including the performance of that product when combined with other products. For more complete information visit http://www.intel.com/performance
28
Intel and HPE Webinar, June 2019
 SOFTWARE: CONVERGE THE WORKLOADS

APPLICATION WORKLOAD
CONVERGENCE
1. Proven data plane acceleration
Network
Open Visual
Cloud
Network Edge
SW
Functions
(e.g. CDN,
RAN SW
(e.g. ADK, 2. Integrating telemetry and analytics
FlexRAN)
EPC)
to ease developer adoption
NETWORK PLATFORM
3. Contributing to industry-standard
High Performance, Managed, Secure, Scalable
Software, Leveraging Intel Technology Value interfaces
Application & Service Orchestration/virtualization
4. Enabling platform security
Efficient, Programmable, Scalable Data Plane

5. Optimizing NFV for Cloud Native

deployment models

USE RICH AND FLEXIBLE SOFTWARE FOR FASTER CUSTOMER

SOLUTION READINESS & DEPLOYMENTS

29
*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Intel and HPE Webinar, June 2019
 ADDRESS CHALLENGES IN CLOUD NATIVE ORCHESTRATION
INDUSTRY GAPS SOLUTIONS ECOSYSTEM ADOPTION
KUBERNETES NETWORKING
USERSPACE CNI

DATA PLANE ACCELERATION SR-IOV GitHub

BOND-CNI

Node Feature Discovery

(SR-IOV; Intel® Advanced
Vector Extensions etc.)

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
CPU Manager for Kubernetes
(CMK)

Native Huge page support for

ENHANCE PLATFORM AWARENESS (EPA)

Kubernetes
Faster. Easier. Optimized.
Device Plugin (SR-IOV, GPU,
Intel® QuickAssist Technology)
EXPERIENCE KITS
Topology Manager (NUMA)

TELEMETRY https://networkbuilders.intel.com/network-
technologies/container-experience-kits
EASE OF DEPLOYMENT
Deployment Scrips
(Helm, Ansible)

*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. 30

Intel and HPE Webinar, June 2019
 NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS
Intel technologies’ features and benefits depend on system configuration and may require enabled hardware, software or service activation. Performance varies depending on system
configuration.

No product or component can be absolutely secure.

Tests document performance of components on a particular test, in specific systems. Differences in hardware, software, or configuration will affect actual performance. For more
complete information about performance and benchmark results, visit http://www.intel.com/benchmarks .

Software and workloads used in performance tests may have been optimized for performance only on Intel microprocessors. Performance tests, such as SYSmark and MobileMark, are
measured using specific computer systems, components, software, operations and functions. Any change to any of those factors may cause the results to vary. You should consult other
information and performance tests to assist you in fully evaluating your contemplated purchases, including the performance of that product when combined with other products. For
more complete information visit http://www.intel.com/benchmarks .

Intel® Advanced Vector Extensions (Intel® AVX)* provides higher throughput to certain processor operations. Due to varying processor power characteristics, utilizing AVX instructions
may cause a) some parts to operate at less than the rated frequency and b) some parts with Intel® Turbo Boost Technology 2.0 to not achieve any or maximum turbo frequencies.
Performance varies depending on hardware, software, and system configuration and you can learn more at http://www.intel.com/go/turbo.

Intel's compilers may or may not optimize to the same degree for non-Intel microprocessors for optimizations that are not unique to Intel microprocessors. These optimizations include
SSE2, SSE3, and SSSE3 instruction sets and other optimizations. Intel does not guarantee the availability, functionality, or effectiveness of any optimization on microprocessors not
manufactured by Intel. Microprocessor-dependent optimizations in this product are intended for use with Intel microprocessors. Certain optimizations not specific to Intel
microarchitecture are reserved for Intel microprocessors. Please refer to the applicable product User and Reference Guides for more information regarding the specific instruction sets
covered by this notice.

Cost reduction scenarios described are intended as examples of how a given Intel-based product, in the specified circumstances and configurations, may affect future costs and provide
cost savings. Circumstances will vary. Intel does not guarantee any costs or cost reduction.
Intel does not control or audit third-party benchmark data or the web sites referenced in this document. You should visit the referenced web site and confirm whether referenced data are
accurate.
Intel, the Intel logo, and Intel Xeon are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries.
*Other names and brands may be claimed as property of others.
© 2019 Intel Corporation.

31
Intel and HPE Webinar, June 2019
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