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Experiment 1

The document summarizes an experiment to verify the operation of half-wave and full-wave rectifiers. It discusses the theory of rectification using diodes and defines half-wave and full-wave rectifiers. For half-wave rectifiers, it describes the operating principle, ripple factor, and efficiency of about 40.5%. For full-wave rectifiers, it discusses the centre-tapped and bridge types, their operating principles, lower ripple factor, and higher efficiency of 81.2%. The experiment involves designing half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuits in Multisim and observing their input and output waveforms to verify their working.

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Saransh Sehgal
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136 views

Experiment 1

The document summarizes an experiment to verify the operation of half-wave and full-wave rectifiers. It discusses the theory of rectification using diodes and defines half-wave and full-wave rectifiers. For half-wave rectifiers, it describes the operating principle, ripple factor, and efficiency of about 40.5%. For full-wave rectifiers, it discusses the centre-tapped and bridge types, their operating principles, lower ripple factor, and higher efficiency of 81.2%. The experiment involves designing half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuits in Multisim and observing their input and output waveforms to verify their working.

Uploaded by

Saransh Sehgal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT – 1

AIM –To verify and understand the working of a half and


full wave rectifier.
APPARATUS – Multisim
THEORY – The process of converting an alternating current
into direct current is known as rectification. The
unidirectional conduction property of semiconductor
diodes (junction diodes) is used for rectification.
Rectifiers are of two types-:
(a) Half wave rectifier
(b) Full wave rectifier
HALF-WAVE RECTIFIER
In a half-wave rectifier circuit, during the positive half-
cycle of the input, the diode is forward biased and
conducts. Current flows through the load and a voltage
is developed across it. During the negative half-cycle, it
is reverse bias and does not conduct. Therefore, in the
negative half cycle of the supply, no current flows in the
load resistor as no voltage appears across it. Thus, the dc
voltage across the load is sinusoidal for the first half
cycle only and a pure A.C. input signal is converted into
a unidirectional pulsating output signal. Since the diode
conducts only in one half-cycle (0-π), it can be verified
that the D.C. component in the output is (V max)/π, where
V max is the peak value of the voltage.
Ripple factor: As the voltage across the load resistor is
only present during the positive half of the cycle, the
resultant voltage is “ON” and “OFF” during every
cycle resulting in a low average dc value. This variation
on the rectified waveform is called “Ripple” and is an
undesirable feature. The ripple factor is a measure of
purity of the D.C. output of a rectifier.
The Rectification Efficiency in case of a Half-Wave
Rectifier is approximately: 40.5%

FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER
A full wave rectifier is a type of rectifier which converts
both half cycles of the AC signal into pulsating DC
signal.
As shown in the above figure, the full wave rectifier
converts both positive and negative half cycles of the
input AC signal into output pulsating DC signal.
The full wave rectifier is further classified into two types:
1) Centre tapped full wave rectifier
2) Full wave bridge rectifier.

How Centre-Tapped Full-Wave Rectifier works


The centre tapped full wave rectifier uses a centre
tapped transformer to convert the input AC voltage into
output DC voltage. When input AC voltage is applied,
the secondary winding of the centre tapped transformer
divides this input AC voltage into two parts: positive and
negative. During the positive half cycle of the input AC
signal, terminal A become positive, terminal B become
negative and centre tap is grounded (zero volts). The
positive terminal A is connected to the p-side of the
diode D 1 and the negative terminal B is connected to
the n-side of the diode D 1. So, the diode D 1 is forward
biased during the positive half cycle and allows electric
current through it.
Ripple factor: The ripple factor is used to measure the
amount of ripples present in the output DC signal. A
high ripple factor indicates a high pulsating DC signal
while a low ripple factor indicates a low pulsating DC
signal. Ripple factor is defined as the ratio of ripple
voltage to the pure
DC voltage-:

Finally, we get
γ = 0.48

The Rectifier Efficiency of a Full Wave Rectifier is 81.2%.


Form Factor: The ratio of the root mean square value to
the average value of an alternating quantity (current or
voltage) is called Form Factor.

Where ERMS : RMS value of output voltage


EAV : Average value of output voltage
EP : Peak value of output voltage
For full Wave Form Factor = ERMS / EAV
= (EP / √2)/ (2EP / 𝜋)
= 1.11
For Half Wave Form Factor = ERMS / EAV
= (EP / 2)/ (EP / 𝜋)
= 1.57
OBSERVATIONS –
Half Wave Rectifier Circuit Design

Half Wave Rectifier Waveform


Full Wave Rectifier Circuit Design

Full Wave Rectifier Waveform

RESULT – Thus the working of a half wave rectifier and a


full wave rectifier is verified.
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION AND
MEASUREMENT LABORATORY FILE
(SUBJECT CODE: EE 251)

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:


Malti Bansal Saransh Sahgal
2K18/EC/154
B. Tech 2nd Year

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