Petro 1982

DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT
for
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES

NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
and
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
for the
PETROLEUM REFINING
POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
Anne M. Gorsuch
Admi~istrator
Jeffery D. Denit
Director, Effluent Guidelines Division
Dennis Ruddy
Project Officer
October 1982
Effluent Guidelines Division

Office of Water Regulations and Standards
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20460
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
CONTENTS iii
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES xvii
SECTION
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
Summary and Conclusions 1
II. INTRODUCTION 15
Prior EPA Regulations 15
Overview of the Industry 15
Summary of Methodology 17
Approach 18
Industry Profile 18
Waste Characterization 18
Technology Evaluation 19
Cost Development 20
III. DESCRIPTION OF INDUSTRY 21

Introduction 21
Industry Profile 21
General Description of the 21
Industry
Refinery Distribution 22
Anticipated Industry Growth 23
Unit Manufacturing Processes 23
Overview of Refining Processes 23
Process Descriptions and Wastewater 23
Characteristics
1. Crude Oil and Product Storage 24
2. Ballast Water Storage 25
3. Crude Desalting 25
4. Crude Oil Fractionation 26
5. Thermal Crackin~ 27
6. Catalytic Crack1ng 28
7. Hydrocracking 29
8. Polymerization 29
9. Alkylation 29
10. Isomerization 30
11. Reforming 30
12. Solvent Refining 31
13. Hydrotreating 32
14. Grease Manufacturing 33
15. Asphalt Production 34
16. Drying and Sweetening 34
17. Lube Oil Finishing 35
18. Blending and Packaging 35
19. Hydrogen Manufacture 36
20. Utilities Function 36
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
SECTION PAGE
IV. INDUSTRY SUBCATEGORIZATION 61

Introduction 61
Selected Subcategories 61
Purpose and Basis of Selection 62
Flow Model for 1974 Regulation 63
Flow Model Used for Proposed 65
1979 Regulations
Refined Flow Model 67
v. WASTE CHARACTERIZATION 69
Introduction 69
Concentration of Toxic, Conventional 70
and Non-Conventional Pollutants
1977 Survey
Short Term Sampling Program 71
Long Term Sampling Program 73
Survey of 1979 Effluent Monitoring 74
Data
Industry Flow 75
Summary of Net Wastewater Flow 75
Distribution of Flow by Subcategory 75
Trends in Industry Water Usage 76
VI. SELECTION OF POLLUTANTS TO BE REGULATED 121

Introduction 121
Selection of Regulated Pollutants for 121
Direct Dischargers
Pollutants Selected for Regulation 122
in the Petroleum Refining Point
Source Category (Direct Discharge
Segment)
Pollutants Excluded from Regulation 122
(Direct Discharge Segment)
Selection of Regulated Pollutants for 123
Indirect Dischargers
Pollutants Selected for Regulation 124
in the Petroleum Refining Point
Source Category (Indirect
Discharge Segment)
Pollutants Excluded from Regulation 124
(Indirect Discharge Segment)
Environmental Significance of Selected 124
Pollutants
Toxic Pollutants 124
Conventional Pollutants 126
Non-Conventional Pollutants 127
VII. CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY 149
Introduction 149
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
SECTION PAGE
VII. CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY (continued)
In-Plant Source Control 149
In-Plant Treatment Options 149
Chemical Substitution 151
wastewater Reduction 152
wastewater Reuse 153
End-of-Pipe Treatment 155
Biological Treatment 156
Filtration 157
Granular Activated Carbon 158
Powdered Activated Carbon 158
Cyanide Removal 160
Metals Removal 160
RSKERL Carbon Studies 161
Ultimate Disposal Methods 162
Existing Technology 164
Effluent Concentration 165
VIII. BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY 223
ACHIEVABLE
Summary 223
BAT Options Considered 224
Identification of Best Available 234
Technology Economically Achievable
IX. NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 237
Summary 237
NSPS Options Considered 238
Identification of New Source Performance 240
Standards
x. PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING AND NEW 243
SOURCES
Summary 243
Pretreatment Options Considered 244
Identification of Pretreatment Standards 249
for Existing and New Sources
XI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 251
XII. REFERENCES 253
APPENDIX A COSTS OF TREATMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEMS A-1

Introduction A-1
Cost of Technologies Considered A-2
Biological Treatment A-2
Filtration A-2
Powdered Activated Carbon A-3
Granular Activated Carbon A-3
In-Plant Control A-4
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
SECTION PAGE
APPENDIX A COSTS OF TREATMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
(continued)
Cost of Technology Selected as Basis A-6
for Limitations and Standards
BAT Options A-6
New Source Costs A-10
Pretreatment Options A-ll
APPENDIX B RAW PLANT DATA B-1
APPENDIX c GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS C-1
vi
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE
I-1 Effluent Guidelines - Petroleum Refining Point 3

Source Category Best Available Technology Econom-
ically Achievable {BAT) Process Configuration -
Process Breakdown
ically Achievable {BAT) Size Factors by Sub-
category

ically Achievable {BAT) Process Factors by Sub-
category
Source Category New. Source Performance Standards
{NSPS) Size Factors by Subcategory
Source Category New Source Performance Standards
{NSPS) Process Factors by Subcategory
I-6 Effluent Guidelines - Petroleum Refining Point
Source Category Best Available Technology
Achievable (BAT) Effluent Limitations by Sub-
category
Source Category New Source Performance Standards
(NSPS) Effluent Limitations by Subcategory
Source Category Ballast Water Standards for BAT
and NSPS
Source Category Pretreatment Standards for
Existing Sources (PSES) and New Sources (PSNS)
III-1 Intermediate and Finished Products Produced by 41
Petroleum Refining Industry
III-2 Refining Capacity of Petroleum Refineries in the 42
u.s. by State as of January 1, 1981
III-3 1980 Consumption of Petroleum Products 43
vii
LIST OF TABLES
(Continued)
TABLE TITLE PAGE
III-4 Sources of Supply for u.s. Petroleum Feedstocks 44
III-5 Characteristics of Crude Oils from Major Fields 45

Around the World
III-6 Trend in Domestic Petroleum Refining from 1975 48
to 1981
III-7 List of Processes Identified from the 1977 49
Industry Survey by EPA Process Number
III-8 Qualitative Evaluation of Wastewater Flow and 55
Characteristics by Fundamental Refinery Processes
V-1 Summary of Plant Characteristics for 17 Refin- 77
eries Sampled in Screening Program
V-2 Comparison of Plant Characteristics - 17 Refin- 78
eries Sampled vs. Overall Industry
V-3 Summary of Analytical Data Petroleum Refining 79
Industry Screening Sampling Program - Facility 1

Industry Screening Sampling Program - Facility
157, Part 1
viii
LIST OF TABLES
(Continued)
TABLE TITLE ~AGE

Industry Screening Sampling Program - Facility
157, Part 2

Industry POTW Sampling Program - Facility 13
V-27 Direct Discharge - Final Effluent Priority 103
Pollutants - Summary of EPA Screening Program
Data
V-28 Indirect Discharge (To POTW) Priority Pollutants - 106
Summary of EPA Screening Program Data
ix
LIST OF TABLES
(Continued)
TABLE TITLE PAGE
V-29 Final Effluent Priority Pollutants - Summary of 109

EPA Regional Surveillance and Analysis Data
V-30 Most Frequently Occurring Priority Pollutants - 112

Plant 1
V-31 Most Frequently Occurring Priority Pollutants - 113

Plant 2
V-32 Potential Surrogates for Priority Pollutants - 114

Correlation Coefficients
V-33 Summary of 1976 Net Wastewater Flow - By Refinery 115

Size
V-34 Summary of 1976 Net Wastewater Flow - By Refinery 116

Subcategory
VI-1 Flow - Weighted Concentrations and Loadings for 131

Direct Dischargers in the Petroleum Refining
Industry - Conventional Pollutants -
Nonconventional Pollutants
VI-2 Flow - Weighted Concentrations and Loadings for 133

Direct Dischargers in the Petroleum Refining
Industry - Toxic Pollutants - Total Phenols
(4AAP Method)
VI-3 Direct Discharge - Intake Water Priority Pollutant 134

Detection - Summary of EPA Screening Program Data
VI-4 Direct Discharge - Separator Effluent Priority 137

Pollutant Detection - Summary of EPA Screening
Program Data
VI-5 Priority Pollutants Not Detected in Treated 140

Effluents Discharged Directly, and Excluded from
Regulation
VI-6 Priority Pollutants Detected in Treated Effluents 142

Discharged Directly, but Excluded from Regulation
VI-7 Statistical Analysis Table for the Petroleum 143

Refining Industry - Direct Discharge - Current/BPT
VI-8 Priority Pollutants Not Detected in Effluents 144

Discharged to POTW, and Excluded from Regulation
X
LIST OF TABLES
(Continued)
TABLE TITLE PAGE

VI-9 Priority Pollutants Detected in Effluents 145
Discharged to POTW, but Excluded from Regulation
VI-10 Statistical Analysis Table for the Petroleum 147
Refining Industry - Indirect Discharge - Current
VII-1 Sour Water Treatment in Petroleum Refineries 167
VII-2 Effect of California Crudes on Reuse of Sour 171
Waters
VII-3 Reuse of Sour Water - Industry Status 172
VII-4 Cooling Tower Makeup Flow Rates in the Petroleum 174
Refining Industry
VII-5 Summary of Flow Reduction Techniques Used 179
Identified by the 15 Refineries Studies During
Wastewater Recycle Study
VII-6 Summary of Data on Removal of Cyanides with Steam 183
Stripping and Biological Treatment in the
Petroleum Refining Industry
VII-7 Zero Discharge Refineries 184
VII-8 Steam Electric Power Plants Using Vapor 188
Compression Evaporation as Part of Their waste-
water Treatment System
VII-9 Treatment Operations and Water Usage for 1973 189
and 1976
VII-10 Summary of Treatment Technologies for 1973 and 215
1976
VII-11 Refinery Flow vs. Final Effluent Concentrations 216
for 17 Screening Plants
VII-12 Effluent Concentration from 50 Plant Study 217
VII-13 Achievable Limitations Values 218
VIII-1 Diluted Effluent Concentrations from Direct Dis- 235
chargers in the Petroleum Refining Industry Com-
pared to the EPA Ambient Water Quality Criteria
for the Protection of Freshwater Aquatic Life
xi
LIST OF TABLES
(Continued)
TABLE TITLE PAGE

A-1 Raw Wastewater Equalization Systems Capital A-14
and Operating Costs
A-2 Rotating Biological Contactors (RBC's) as A-15
Roughing Systems Equipment Cost Basis and Energy
Requirements
A-3 Rotating Biological Contactors (RBC's) as A-16
Roughing Filters Capital and Operating Costs
A-4 Filtration Equipment Cost Basis and Energy A-17

Requirements
A-5 Filtration Capital and Operating Costs A-18
A-6 Powdered Activated Carbon Equipment Cost Basis A-19
and Energy Requirements, 80 mg/L Dosage Rate
A-7 Powdered Activated Carbon Capital Costs, A-20
80 mg/L Dosage Rate
A-8 Powdered Activated Carbon Annual Operating A-21
Costs, 80 mg/L Dosage Rate
A-9 Powdered Activated Carbon Comparison of A-22
Operating Costs, Carbon Regeneration vs.
Throw-Away
and Energy Requirements Including Costs for
Sludge Disposal, 80 rng/L Dosage Rate
A-11 Powdered Activated Carbon Capital Costs A-24
Including Costs for Sludge Disposal, 80 rng/L
Dosage Rate
Costs Including Credit for Sludge Disposal,
80 mg/L Dosage Rate
and Energy Requirements, 150 rng/L Dosage Rate
A-14 Powdered Activated Carbon Capital Costs, A-27
150 mg/L Dosage Rate
Costs, 150 mg/L Dosage Rate
xii
LIST OF TABLES
(Continued)
TABLE TITLE PAGE
A-16 PACT Comparison of Operating Costs, Carbon A-29

Regeneration vs. Throw-Away, 150 mg/L Dosage
Rate

and Ener~y Requirements Including Costs, for
Sludge D1sposal, 150 mg/L Dosage Rate
A-18 Powdered Activated Carbon Capital Costs Including A-31

Costs for Sludge Disposal, 150 rng/L Dosage Rate
A-19 Powdered Activated Carbon Annual Operating Costs A-32

Including Credit for Sludge Disposal, 150 rng/L
Dosage Rate
A-20 Granular Activated Carbon Equipment Cost Basis A-33

and Energy Requirements
A-21 Granular Activated Carbon Capital Costs A-34
A-22 Granular Activated Carbon Annual Operating Costs A-35

A-23 Supplemental Economic Cost Information Capital A-36
and Operating Costs for 10,000 Gallon per Day
Treatment Systems
A-24 Cooling Tower Blowdown Rates Petroleum Refining A-37

Industry (Million Gallons per Day)
A-25 Chromium Removal Systems Equipment Cost Basis A-38

and Energy Requirements
A-26 Chromium Removal Systems Capital and Operating A-a9

Costs
A-27 Wastewater Recycle Capital and Operating Costs A-40

A-28 Water Softening of Recycled Wastewater Capital A-41
Costs
A-29 Capital and Operating Costs by Refinery Number A-42
A-30 Capital and Operating Costs, Indirect Discharge - A-47

Option 1
A-31 Capital and Operating Costs, Indirect Discharge - A-50

Option 2
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
(Continued)
TABLE TITLE PAGE

Analytical Results for Traditional Parameters B-2
for the RSKERL and B&R Sampling Program
B-2 Analytical Results for Priority Pollutants for B-9
the RSKERL and B&R Sampling Program - Volatile
Organics
the RSKERL and B&R Sampling Program - Semivola-
tile Organics
the RSKERL and B&R Sampling Program - Pesticides
the RSKERL and B&R Sampling Program - Cyanides,
Phenolics and Mercury
the RSKERL and B&R Sampling Program - Metals
B-7 Analytical Results for Traditional Parameters B-36
in the Pretreatment Sampling Program - Week 1
the Pretreatment Sampling Program- Week 1,
Volatile Organics
Semivolatile Organics
Pesticides
Metals
the Pretreatment Sampling Program - Week 2
the Pretreatment Sampling Program - Week 2,
Volatile Organics
xiv
LIST OF TABLES
{Continued)
TABLE TITLE PAGE

Semivolatile Organics
Pesticides

Metals
XV
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE

Source Category Best Available Technology
Economically Achievable Sample Calculation -
Proc~ss Factor
III-1 Geographical Distribution of Petroleum Refineries 56

in the United States, as of January 1, 1981
III-2 Crude Desalting {Electrostatic Desalting) 57
III-3 Crude Fractionation {Crude Distillation, Three 58

Stages)
III-4 Catalytic Cracking {Fluid Catalytic Cracking) 59
V-1 Histogram of Net Wastewater Flow by Size Class 117

V-2 Histogram of Net Wastewater Flow by Subcategory 118
V-3 Historical Trend of Total Industry Water Usage 119
VII-1 Rotating Biological Contactors 219
VII-2 Flow Diagram of a Granular Activated Carbon 220

System
VII-3 Carbon Regeneration System 221

VII-4 Flow Diagram of One Powdered Activated Carbon 222
Treatment Scheme
xvii
SECTION I
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
SUMMARY a!Q CONCLUSIONS

This development document presents the technical data base
developed by EPA to support effluent limitations and standards
for the.Petroleum Refining Point Source Category. Technologies
covered by this document to achieve these limitations and
standards are defined as best available technology economically
achievable (BAT), best available demonstrated technology (BADT,
equal to new source performance standards NSPS), pretreatment
standards for existing sources (PSES), and pretreatment standards
for new sources (PSNS). Best conventional pollutant control
technology (BCT) limitations are not addressed in this document
because the Agency has reserved coverage of BCT for future
rulemaking. Best practicable technology currently available
(BPT) is not being revised and therefore will not be addressed in
this document. The basis for BPT can be found in an earlier
document (EPA~440/1-74-014a}. This document outlines the
technology options considered and the rationale for selecting the
technology levels on which pollutant limitations are based.
EPA is promulgating BAT effluent limitations guidelines
equivalent to BPT, which were promulgated on May 9, 1974 (39 FR
16560) and amended May 20, 1975 (40 FR 21939).
EPA decided to retain the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)
that were promulgated May 9, 1974 (39 FR 16560).
Interim final pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES)
were promulgated on March 23, 1977 (42 FR 15684). Pretreatment
standards for new sources (PSNS) were promulgated on May 9, 1974
(39 FR 16560). This document prese~ts the final PSES and PSNS
promulgated, both of which are revision to the prior pretreatment
standards for this industry. Pretreatment standards for both
existing and new sources (PSES and PSNS) will limit ammonia and
oil and grease at 100 mg/1, each. An alternate mass - based
ammonia standard is also provided. In addition, PSNS contains a
chromium mass limitation based upon the application of a 1 mg/1
standard to the cooling tower discharge portion of the total
refinery flow to the POTW.
Stormwater runoff is not addressed in this document. The 1974
development document presented BPT, BAT, and NSPS for stormwater
run off. These limitations were remanded for reconsideration by
the u.s. Court of Appeals on August 11, 1976. These requirements
were reserved by the Agency for future rulemaking.
Effluent limitations guidelines for conventional pollutants
(BOD 5 , TSS, oil and grease, and pH) will be promulgated
1
separately as BCT limitations for existing direct dischargers in
this category in future rulemaking.
The tables in this section summarize the final promulgated
regulations.
Table I-1 lists the processes used in the determination of
process categories and their associated weighting factors as used
to determine process configurations. Tables I-2 and I-3 list the
BAT size factors and process factors, respectively, while Tables
I-4 and I-5 list the same factors as applied to NSPS. Tables I-6
and I-7 summarize effluent limitations by subcategory for BAT and
NSPS. These effluent limitations are to be used in conjunction
with the process factors and size factors determined in the
preceeding tables to calculate actual mass limitations applicable
to individual refineries. Table I-8 summarizes the ballast water
allowance applicable to both BAT and NSPS. Table I-9 contains
the general and specific pretreatment limitations applicable to
PSES and PSNS for indirect dischargers.
A sample calculation of BAT effluent limitations is provided in
Figure I-1. The reader should note that the BPT model uses only
crude processes, cracking processes, lube processes, and asphalt
processes for the calculation of the process factor (Table I-1).
Moreover, the factors for process configuration and size shown in
Tables I-2 through I-5 are discrete factors (do not permit
interpolated, intermediate values) which apply to all refineries
within a given range and subcategory.
Implementation of BAT, NSPS and PSES would incur no additional
cost to the industry beyond existing requirements. A single new
indirect discharging refinery of the type and size likely to be
built in the 1980's and subject to PSNS would incur an additional
capital cost of $0.39 million and an annual cost of $0.26 million
(1979 dollars).
2
TABLE I·l
EFFLUENT GUIDELINES
PETROLEUM REFINING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE (BAT)
PROCESS CONFIGURATION • PROCESS BREAKDOWN
Process Category Processes Included Weighting Factor

Crude desalting
atmospheric distillation
vacuum distillation
Cracking and Coking fluid catalytic cracking 6
thermofor
houdriflow
gas-on cracking
visbreakfng
fluid coking
delayed coking
Lube 1ube hydrofi n1ng 13
white oil manufacturing
propane - dewaxing, deasphalting
duo sol. solvent dewaxing
lube vac. tower, wax fract.
centrifuging and chilling
MEK dewaxing
deoiling (wax)
naphtheni c 1ubes
S02 extraction
wax pressing
wax plant (with neutral separ.}
furfural extraction
clay contacting - percolation
wax sweating
acid treating
phenol extraction
Asphalt asphalt production 12
asphalt oxidation
asphalt emulsifying
3
TABLE 1-2
EFFLUENT GUIDELINES
Size Factors Bl Subcate9orl:

Topp!l\g: Cracking: Petrochemical: Lube: Integrated:
1,000 Barrels
of Feedstock Size Size Size Size Size
Per Stream - Da~ Factor Factor Factor Factor Factor
Less than 24.9 1.02 0.91 0.73 0.71 0.73
25.0 to 49.9 1.06 0.95 0.76 0.71 0.73
50.0 to 74.9 1.16 1.04 0.83 0.74 0.73
~
75.0 to 99.9 1.26 1.13 0.91 0.81 0.73
100.0 to 124.9 1.38 1.23 0.99 0.88 o. 73
125.0 to 149.9 1.50 1.35 1.08 0.97 0.76
150.0 to 174.9 1.57 1.41 1 • 13 1.05 0.83
175.0 to 199.9 1. 57 1.41 1.13 1. 14 0.91
200.0 to 224.9 1.57 1.41 1 • 13 1 • 19 0.99
225.0 or greater 1.57 1.41 1.13 1.19 1.04
TABLE 1-3
EFFLUENT GUIDELINES
Process Factors B~ Subcategor~:
TOf2J2ing: Cracking: Petrochemical: Lube: Integrated:

Process Process Process Process Process Process
Configuration Factor Factor Factor Factor Factor
Less than 2.49 0.62 0.58 0.73 0.81 0.75
2.5 to 3.49 0.67 0.63 0.73 0.81 0.75
3.5 to 4~49 0.80 0.74 0.73 0.81 0.75
4.5 to 5.49 0.95 0.88 0.80 0.81 0.75
01 5.5 to 5.99 1.07 1.00 0.91 0.81 0.75
6.0 to 6.49 1. 17 1.09 Q.99 0.81 0.75
6.5 to 6.99 1. 27 1.19 1.08 0.88 0.82
7.0 to 7.49 1.39 1.29 1.17 0.88 0.82
7.5 to 7.99 1. 51 1.41 1. 28 1.00 0.92
8.0 to 8.49 1. 64 1.53 1. 39 1.09 1.00
8.5 to 8.99 1.79 1.67 1.51 1 • 19 1.10
9.0 to 9.49 1. 95 1.82 1.65 1. 29 1.20
9.5 to 9.99 2.12 1.89 1. 72 1. 41 1.30
10.0 to 10.49 2.31 1.89 l. 72 1.53 1.42
10.5 to 10.99 2.51 1.89 1.72 1.67 1.54
11.0 to 11.49 2.73 1.89 1. 72 1.82 1.68
11 • 5 to 11.99 2.98 1.89 1. 72 1. 98 1. 83
12.0 to 12.49 3.24 1.89 1. 72 2.15 1.99
12.5 to 12.99 3.53 1.89 1.72 2.34 2.17
13.0 to 13.49 3.84 1. 89 1. 72 2.44 2.26
13.5 to 13.99 4. 18 1.89 1. 72 2.44 2.26
14.0 or greater 4.36 1.89 1. 72 2.44 2.26
TABLE 1-4
BFFLUBRT GUIDBLINBS
PBTROLBUM REFINING POINT SOORCB CA~BGORY
NEW SOURCB PBRFORMANCB STANDARDS (NSPS)
Size Factors Bf Subcate9orx•

Topping a Cracking a Petrocheaicala Lube a Integrated a
1,000 Barrels
of Feedstock Size Size Size Size Size
Per Streaa - Dai Factor Factor Factor ~or Factor
Less than 24.9 1.02 0.91 0.73 0.71 0.73
25.0 to 49.9 1.06 0.95 0.76 0.71 o. n·
en 50.0 to 74.9 1.16 1.04 0.83 0.74 0.73
75.0 to 99.9 1.26 1.13 0.91 0.81 0.73
100.0 to 124.9 1.38 1.23 0.99 0.88 0.73
125 .o to 149.9 1.50 1.35 1.08 0.97 0.76
150.0 to 174.9 1.57 1.41 1.13 1.05 0.83
175.0 to 199.9 1.57 1.41 1.13 1.14 0.91
200.0 to 224.9 1.57 1.41 1.13 1.19 0.99
225.0 or greater 1.57 1.41 1.13 1.19 1.04
TAa.E 1-5
BPP~ GUIDBLIHBS
PB'l'ROLBOII RBPIHIHG POIH'l' SOURCB CA'l"IGORY
HBW SOORCB PBRPOJUIAHCB S'lAHDARDS (HSPS)
Process Factors ax Subcat!!0£!1

'l'ol!J!ini• Crackln9a Petrocheatcala Lube a lnt!jrateda
Process Process Process Process Process Process
Confi9uration Pactor Factor Pactor Pactor Pactor
Leas than 2.49 0.62 0.58 0.73 0.81 0.75
2.5 to 3.49 0.67 0.63 0.73 0.81 0.75
3.5 to 4.49 o.8o 0.7t 0.73 0.81 0.75
4.5 to 5.49 0.95 0.88 o.8o 0.81 0.75
........ s.s to 5.99 1.07 1.00 0.91 0.81 0.75
6.0 to 6.49 1.17 1.09 0.99 0.81 0.75
6.5 to 6.99 1.27 1.19 1.08 0.88 0.82
7.0 to 7.49 1.39 1.29 1.17 0.88 0.82
7.5 to 7.99 1.51 1.41 1.28 1.00 0.92
8.o to 8.49 1.64 1.53 1.39 1.09 1.00
8.5 to 8.99 1.79 1.67 1.51 1.19 1.10
9.0 to 9.49 1.95 1.82 1.65 1.29 1.20
9.5 to 9.99 2.12 1.89 1.72 1.41 1.30
10.0 to 10.49 2.31 1.89 1.72 1.53 1.U
10.5 to 10.99 2.51 1.89 1.72 1.67 1.54
11.0 to 11.49 2.73 1.89 1.72 1.82 1.68
11.5 to 11.99 2.98 1.89 1. 72 1.98 1.83
12.0 to 12.49 3.24 1.89 1.72 2.15 1.99
12.5 to 12.99 3.53 1.89 1.72 2.34 2.17
13.0 to 11.49 3.84 1.89 1. 72 2.44 2.26
13.5 to 13.99 4.18 1.89 1.72 2.44 2.26
14.0 or greater 4.36 1.89 1.72 2.44 2.26
TABLE 1-6
urunn GUIIl£LU£S
PETROlEIIt REFINING POINT SOIIIC£ CATEGORY
.-:sT AVAILABLE TECHNOlOGY ECONIIIICALLY ACIIIEYAIILE (BAT)
un..nt lialhtlona By S...C.tegorya\1)(2)
T!!f!f!ingl Cr.Slnsu Peti'CIC:t.-tceh lubes lntqretecla

Average of Dally Averege Of Daily Averege at Daily Averege of O.Uy Average of Daily
un..nt Ned- Valuea far thlrt)l Mad- Vel... for Thirty Hex~ Vel ... for Thirty Hex~ Veluea far Thirty llexi- Veluea tor Thirt)l
ChariiCterleUce for Any Coneecutlve Deya for An)l Canaecutlve DO)Ia far An)l Coneecutive D.,a for An)l Coneecutba O.,a for An)l ConeecuUva 0.,•
One Day Shall Not Exceed One Day lihall Not Exc~ One Dey Sluoll Not E!!!:Oed One Dey Sh~ll Not Excet!!l _ ~ Day Shall Not Exceed
Metric Unital kil!!!lr- l!!r thau..nd c&mlc Mtara of faedatock ~kgl1a000 •'1
cwm 117.0
Phenolic C......,..nda 0.168
2.81
"'·'
0.076
1.27
210.0
0.21
18.8
109.0
0.1
a.s
210.0
0.2S
2J.4
109.0
0.12
10.6
160.0
0.18
2}.4
187.0
0.184
10.6
188.0
0.4
21.4
1,..0
0.192
10.6
00 ~ia•N
Sulfide 0.149 0.068 0.18 0.082 0.22 0.099 o.n 0.1S o.n 0.1S8
Total Chrcaiua O.lU 0.2 o.u o.zs o.sz 0.) 0.77 0.4S 0.82 0.48
Hexavalent Chrcai• D.DZB o.ou O.OJS 0.016 0.046 0.02 0.068 o.o:s 0.068 0.012
E!!!Jllah Unltaa _,.. I!!" thouaand barnla or feedatock ~lb£1 1 000(bbl!
cw(1) 41.2 21.} 74.0 :sa.• 74.0 l8.4 127.0 66.0 116.0 70.0
Phenolic C......,..nda 0.06 0.027 0.074 0.016 0.088 o.04zs o.1n 0.06S 0.14 0.068
Allllonia • II 0.99 o.u 6.6 l.O 8.2s :s.8 8.J J.l 8.J J.8
Sulfide O.OSJ 0.024 0.06S 0.029 0.078 O.OJS 0.118 O.OSJ 0.124 O.OS6
Total Chrcai• 0.122 0.071 0.1S o.oa8 0.181 0.107 o.2n 0.16 0.29 0.17
Hexavalent Chrcaiua 0. 10 o.~ 0.012 O.OOS6 0.016 0.0072 0.024 0.011 o.ozs 0.011
(1) To obtain actual Ualtlltiona ell veluea in thia hbla - t be ..,lUplled by a ..ec.tegory dependent varhble, fa ora f ia the product of the pr-.e
factor and the aiza factor and the crude thr~ Un u.a.-.1 barrala par dey).
(2) Once-thr""'#l cooling water • r be diacharged with • total ol'lJ8Ric carbon (TOC) concentration nat to exceed S ag.tl.
(J) In aR)I c ... in which the applicant can c~a...trata that the dlloricla ion concentration in the arrtuant acaeda 1,000 -w'l (1,000 ppa), the ltagionel
Adeiniatrator My 8Ubatituta TOC • • paraaetar in Ueu at ClD. Errluant llaitetiona far TOC ahall be baaed an affl'*ll data frca the plant correlating
TOC to Bll>s·
If in the Judgeaent or the Ragionel Adelniatrator, adequate correlation data are not ..allable, the efrt'*ll Uaitetiona for TOC ahell be eatabliahad
at a ratio or 2.2 to 1 to the applicable affluant llaltetiona on IIQ)s•
TAa£ 1-7
£FRI£Nl GUIOELJN£5
PETIIII.£111 ll[fiNING POINT 50IR:£ CAT[IiiiiY
NEW SWit£ I'EllriiiiiWO: STAIIMIDS (NSI'S~
£rn....t tillthtton.' a,. Wacat 11911r,.,tn z>
lopelna• Crecklnpt l'etroc:t-tc8la t!O!Jea lnt!l!!nbch

Avef8!1e or Detlr Averege Or Oetlr Average or Oetlr Awrage or Deily Average of OeUr
Effl....t Nul- vet,_ ror thtrtr Nut.. Yet- ror lhtrtr Mllxt- ¥81- fol' Thil'tr Mllxt.. Vel- ror thtrtr l l a t - Yet- rol' thirty
Chenctel'lettce ror Anr C..ecuthe 0.)'8 for Any Coneec:utlve 0.,.. for Any c...c:uthe O.,.e for Any c-.c:uthe O.,.e ror Any C..ecuttve D.ye
One Dey_ Shell Not_ Exc:eed _ One O.r Shell_l!l!t J:xc:eed ~ ~ ~ll_lfot [~ One ~ ShaU liCit £1!1!M4 ~ ~ Shall Not [JCCetld
Metric .._ttea lcll!!!Jr- l!!r thouen coetc: ..ten or ,_.toc:tc S!!ll£1 10011 a'
aoo,
TSS
coo<1>
..,
U.l
61.0
6.1
4.9
)2,0
16.1
11.1
111.0
1.7
1.2
61.0
21.1
14.9
1JJ,O
11.6
9.5
69.0
,.,6
ZJ.4
zu.o
18.4
14.9
126.0
41.6
Zl,t
29~.0
22.1
17.9
1S2.0
Oil n Gre-
Phenolic: C.......... '·'
0.011
z.8
1.9
o.ou
1,}
4.1
0.119
11.8
2.6
0.051
1.6
6.6
o.1sa
ZJ.4
1,5
0.077
10.7
10.5
0.25
n.4
5.6
0.12
10.7
12.6
0,}
ZJ.4
6.7
0.14
10.7
"->le • N
Sulrtct. 0.071 0,0, o.1os 0.041 0.14 0.061 o.zz 0,1 0.26 0.12
1ole1 Dlr•lun 0.18 o.1os 0.24 0.14 O.JZ 0.19 0.52 O,Jt 0.64 0,}7
llexevelent Chr•lun 0.01} 0.111168 0,02 0.0018 o.ozs 0.012 0.046 o.ozt o.osz o.oz•
\.0 [fl!llhh ...u •• _ , . _ Jl81' thoueend b~~~~ or feecletoc:lc ll!»/1_.000(bbl)
BOD5 •.2 2.2 5.1 1.1 7.7 4.1 12.2 6.~ 14.7 7.8
TSS
coo(})
1.0
21.1
1,9
11.2
4.0
•1.5
z.s
21.0
5.2
47.0 24.0 '·'
1.1
17.0
5.1
45.0 10••0 '·'
6.1
54.0
..,
Oil -.1 Gre- 1.1 0.7 1.7 0.91 2.• 1.1 1.8 2.0 •• 5 2 ••
Phenollc: CCIIIIpOIInde O.OJ1 0,016 0.042 0.02 0,056 0.021 0.018 0,04} 0.105 0.51
"->1• • N 1.0 0,45 6.6 1.0 8.1 1.8 1.1 I.J 1.8
Sulflct. 0.027 0.012 0,0)7 0.011 0,05 O.OZ2 0.011 0.0}5 0,09) 0.042
Total Chl'_.un 0.064 0.017 0.014 0.049 0.116 0.061 0.18 0.105 0.22 o.u
llexevelent ~lun 0.0052 0,0025 0,0072 O.OOJZ O.OOH 0,00'4 o.ozz o.oon 0.019 O.OIIIM
(1) To abhtn ectuel ll•ilettone ell wei- in thte tete . . t be . .tUpUed 11)1 • eubc:tltegory clopendenl vwtele, fl ....... r te the procNc:t or the proceee
fec:tol' -.1 the elz• rector -.1 the c:I'Ude thrOIJ!hlul (in thowMd bernie per da)').
(2) llnc:ct-thr"""' coaling welel' .., be dtecherged with • tol8l organic c:el'bon (lOC) -..tretion not to _ _ , 5 egll.
(}) In any c:- ln 101\tc:h the ~ppllc:enl c:en ._.trete thel the dtlorlct. ion -ntretion in the effluent _..... 1,1100 llg/1 (1,0011 ppa), the Reglon8l
Act.lntetretol' .., eubetltute toe • • pel'..ter in lieu or coo. Effluent ltettetlone ror TIIC eh8ll be buecl on effluent ct.h fr• the plant c:orreletlng
toe to aoo5•
If in the Jucl!loo-enl or the Regton8l ~intetretor, edllquete c:orreletion ct.l• ere nat ev•Uele, the effl....t Uutetlone for TIIC eh811 be
••tellehed et • retlo or 2.2 to 1 to the ~ppllc:ele effl....t Uattettone an aoo,..
TABLE, I-8
EFFLUENT GUIDELINES
BALLAST WATER TREATMENT STANDARDS FOR
BAT AND NSPS. FOR ALL SUBCATEGORIES
Po 11 utant or Maximum Average of Daily

Pollutant For Any Values for 30
Property One Day Consecutive Days
Metric Units
(Kilograms per
cubic meter of
flow) coo- 1 0.47 0.24
English Units
(Pounds per
1,000 gal of flow) coo- 1 3.9 2.0
1- In any case in which the applicant can demonstrate that the

chloride ion concentration in the effluent exceeds 1,000 mg/1
(1,000 ppm), the regional Administrator may substitute TOC as
a parmeter in lieu of COD. Effluent limitations for TOC shall
be based on effluent data from the plant correlating TOC to BOD5 .
If in the judgement of the Regional Administrator, adequate
correlation data are not available, the effluent limitations for
TOC shall be established at a ratio of 2.2 to 1 to the applicable
effluent limitations on BOD5 .
10
1 of 2
TABLE I-9
EFFLUENT GUIDELINES

PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES (PSES)
AND NEW SOURCES (PSNS)
A. General Prohibitions
Pollutants introduced into POTW by a non-domestic source shall not pass

through the POTW or interfere with the operation or performance of the
works. These general prohibitions and the specific prohibitions in
paragraph B of this section apply to all non-domestic sources introducing
pollutants into a POTW whether or not the source is subject to other
National Pretreatment Standards or any national, state, or local
pretreatment requirements.
B. Specific Prohibitions
In addition, the following pollutants shall not be introduced into a POTW:
1) Pollutants which create a fire or explosion hazard in the POTW;
2) Pollutants which will cause corrosive structural damage to the POTW,

but in no case Discharges with pH lower than 5.0, unless the works are
specifically designed to accommodate such Discharges;
3) Solid or viscous pollutants in amounts which will cause obstruction to

the flow in the POTW resulting in interference;
4) Any pollutant, including oxygen demanding pollutants (BOD, etc.)
released in a discharge at a flow rate and/or pollutant concentration
which will cause interference with the POTW;
5) Heat in amounts which will inhibit biological activity in the POTW

resulting in interference, but in no case heat in such quantities that
the temperature at the POTW treatment plant exceeds 40°C (104°F) unless
the approval authority, upon request of the POTW, approves alternate
temperature limits.
11
2 of 2
TABLE I-9
EFFLUENT GUIDELINES

PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING SOURCES (PSES)
AND NEW SOURCES (PSNS)
(continued)
c. Categorical Pretreatment Standards

1) Maximum Pollutant Concentrations for Any One Day (All Indirect Dis-
chargers)
Pretreatment Standard for

Existing and New Sources
Pollutant or Maximum for Any One Day
Pollutant Property Milligrams per Liter (mg/L)
Oil and Grease 100

Ammonia 100 *
* Where the discharge to the POTW consists solely of sour waters, the
owner or operator has the option of complying with this limit or the
daily mass limitation set forth in the BAT or NSPS standards for
existing or new sources, respectively.
2) Maximum Pollutant Concentration For Any One Day (new source indirect
dischargers)
The following standard is applied to the cooling tower discharge part

of the total refinery flow to the POTW by mutliplying: (1) the stan-
dards; (2) the total refinery flow to the POTW; and (3) the ratio of
the cooling tower discharge flow to the total refinery flow.
Pretreatment Standard
for New Sources Only
Pollutant or Maximum for Any One Day
Pollutant Property Milligrams per Liter (mg/L)
Total Chromium 1
12
1 of 2
FIGURE I-1
EFFLUENT GUIDELINES
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
SAMPLE CALCULATION - PROCESS FACTOR
Step 1: Determine subcategory and size of the refinery (the example

refinery is a lube facility with 125,000 bbl/day throughout).
Step 2: Obtain information on capacity of processes listed in

Table I-1 from the refinery.
Step 3: Calculate process configuration factor as follows: (the
processes and their associated capacities below are
for the example refinery).
Capacity of Process
Process process in weighting Process
capacity relation to factor config-
(1,000 refinery (from uration
Process bbl/day) throughput* Table I-1) factor
crude-ATM 125 1.0

vacuum 60 0.48
desalting 125 1.0
2.48 X 1 - 2.48
cracking-FCC 41 0.328
hydrocracking 20 0.160
lubes hydro- 5.3

0.488
0.042
X 6 - 2.93
fining
furfural
extraction 4.0 0.032
phenol
extraction 4.0 0.032
0.106 X 13 - 1.38
asphalt 4.0 0.032 X 12

Process configuration factor:
- 0.38
1.11
*Di'Y'ide process capacity by refinery throughput.

In most cases, refinery throughput is equal to the crude capacity.
13
2 of 2
FIGURE I-1 (Cont'd)
Step 4: Determine process factor by looking at Table I-3 (for BAT).

For process configuration of 7.17 in the lube subcategory,
the process factor is 0.88.
Step 5: Determine size factor by looking at Table I-2 (for BAT).

For a lube refinery with throughput of 125,000 bbl/day,
the size factor is 0.97.
Step 6: Obtain unadjusted effluent limitations from Table I-6 for

BA!. This example calculation computes the 30-day daily
average COD (in units of lb/mbbl of feedstock). The COD
value is 66 lb/mbbl (30-day).
Step 7: Calculate limitation for ODD by multiplying the process
factor (from Step 4), the size factor (from Step 5),
the effluent limit (from Step 6), and refinery throughput
(Step 1).
0.88 (process factor) x 0.97 (size factor) x 66 lb/mbbl

(unadjusted effluent limitation) x 125 mbbl • 7042 lb/day
of COD (30-day daily average limit).
14
SECTION II
INTRODUCTION
This development document details the technical basis for the

Agency's BAT, NSPS, PSES, and PSNS for the petroleum refining
industry. These limitations and standards are promulgated under
authority of Sections 301, 304, 306, 307, and 501 of the Clean
Water Act (the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of
1972, 33 USC 1251 et seq., as amended by the Clean Water Act of
1977, P.L. 95-217T also called the "Act". The regulation was
also promulgated in response to the Settlement Agreement in
Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. ~Train, 8 ERC 2120
(D.D.C. 1976), modified, 12 ERC 183~D.o.c. 1979) and in
response to the decision of the United States Court of Appeals in
American Petroleum Institute v. EPA, 540 F.2d 1023 {lOth Cir.
1976). - -
PRIOR ~ REGULATIONS
EPA promulgated BPT, BAT, NSPS and PSNS for the petroleum
refining industry on May 9, 1974 (39 FR 16560, Subparts A-E). A
development document was published in ~pril 1974 {EPA-440/1-74-
014a). This document provided the bases for the 1974 regulation
and is henceforth referred to as the 1974 Development Document.
BPT and BAT limitations and NSPS were challenged in the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit by the American Petroleum
Institute and others. The court upheld both BPT limitations and
NSPS, but remanded BAT limitations, in toto, for further
consideration. Storm water regulations-under:BPT, BAT and RSPS
were set aside by the court in the same action. Interim final
PSES were promulgated on March 23, 1977 (42 FR 15684).
OVERVIEW Q! I§! INDUSTRY
The petroleum refining industry is defined by Bureau of the
Census Standard Industrial Classification {SIC) 2911. The raw
material of this industry is primarily petroleum material
(generally, but not always, crude oil). Petroleum refineries
process this raw material into a wide wariety of petroleum
products, including gasoline, residual fuel oil, jet fuel,
heating oils and gases, and petrochemicals. Refining includes a
wide variety of physical separation and · chemical reaction
processes. Because of the diversity and complexity of the
processes used and the products produced, petroleum refineries
are generally characterized by the quantity of raw material
processed, rather than by the quantity and types of products
produced.
EPA has identified 285 petroleum refineries in the United States
and its possessions. The smallest refinery can refine fifty
15
barrels of oil per day (one barrel equals 42 gallons), while the
largest can refine 665,000 barrels per day.
The u.s. refining industry has experienced a dramatic reversal of
historical growth trends as a result of the reduction in
consumption of petroleum products that has taken place since
1978. U.S. crude oil runs peaked at 14.7 million barrels per day
in the calendar year 1978. Runs have decreased each year since
then reaching 12.5 million barrels per day for the calendar year
1981. In early 1982 runs have dropped to below 11.5 million
barrels per day representing percentage capacity utilizations in
the low 60's. More than fifty plants have discontinued
operations in the U.S. over the past year. It is expected that
u.s. refinery activity will recover somewhat. The 1981 DOE
Annual Report to Congress projects u.s. crude runs at 14.4
million barrels per day in 1985 and 13.4 million barrels per day
in 1990 for their mid-oil price scenarios. The above forecasts
of U.S. refinery activity indicate that very little, if any, new
refinery facilities will be built at undeveloped sites over the
next decade. However, it will be necessary for U.S. refineries
to modernize and expand downstream facilities at existing
refinery sites to allow increasingly heavier and higher sulfur
crude oils to be processed into a product mix which emphasizes
production of the lighter and higher quality products that will
be demanded by the marketplace.
Since its inception, the u.s. refining industry has continued to
build bigger and more efficient plants as new technology has
developed over time. The average U.S. refinery capacity per
plant increased from 43.3 thousand barrels per day to 55.6
thousand barrels per day from January 1, 1967, to January 1,
1973. This trend was halted in the late 1970's in response to
the DOE "small refiner bias" provision of the crude oil
entitlements program. This provision encouraged the construction
of small, inefficient plants which offset the technological
improvements created by expanding existing, larger refineries.
53 additional U.S. refineries were in operation on January 1,
1981 versus January 1, 1975. The number of plants in operation
with capacity greater than 100 thousand barrels,per day increased
by only seven (from 46 to 53) over this time period. Most of the
new plants placed in operation were small. Average U.S. refinery
capacity .increased only from 56.0 to 57.3 thousand barrels per
day from January 1, 1975, to January 1, 198.1. Many of the small
new plants built in this time period are among the fifty that
have discontinued operations during the last year.
The four major sources of process wastewater are cooling water,
water used to wash unwanted materials from a process stream,
water used as part of a reaction process, and boiler blowdowns.
Current treatment systems used by refineries for this process
wastewater include (a) in-plant controls of water use; (b) in-
plant treatment of segregated wastestreams for ammonia and
sulfide removal via steam stripping; and (c) end-of-pipe
16
treatment, consisting of oil/water separators, biological
treatment and, in some cases, mixed media filtration. Although
significant concentrations of toxic and other pollutants are
found in untreated waste, data from an EPA sampling program of
seventeen refineries show that application of BPT substantially
reduces the concentrations of pollutants (See Sections V and VI
for details of sampling programs). Toxic pollutants were reduced
to near or below the concentrations that can be accurately
measured using available measurement techniques.
SUMMARY Q[ METHODOLOGY
On December 27, 1977, the President signed into law the Clean
Water Act of 1977. Although this law makes several important
changes in the Federal water pollution control program, its most
significant feature is the incorporation of several of the basic
elements of the Settlement Agreement program for toxic pollution
control. Sections 301(b)(2)(A) and 301(b)(2)(C) of the Act now
require the achievement by July 1, 1984, of effluent limitations
reflecting BAT for toxic pollutants, including the 65 pollutants
and classes of pollutants which Congress declared toxic under
Section 307(a). Likewise, the Agency's programs for new source
performance standards and pretreatment standards are now aimed
principally at toxic pollutant controls. Moreover, to strengthen
the toxics control program, Section 304(e) of the Act now
authorizes the Administrator to prescribe "best management
practices" ("BMPs") to prevent the release of toxic and hazardous
pollutants from plant site runoff, spillage or leaks, sludge or
waste disposal, and drainage from raw material storage associated
with, or ancillary to, the manufacturing or treatment process.
In keeping with its emphasis on toxic pollutants, the Clean Water
Act of 1977 also revised the control program for non-toxic
pollutants. Instead of BAT for "conventional" pollutants
identified under Section 304(a)(4) (including biochemical oxygen
demand, total suspended solids, fecal coliform, oil and grease
and pH), the new Section 301(b)(2)(E) requires achievement by
July 1, 1984, of "effluent limitations requiring the application
of the best conventional pollutant control technology" ("BCT").
BCT is not an additional limitation but replaces BAT for the
control of conventional pollutants. In addition to other factors
specified in section 304(b)(4)(B), the Act requires the BCT
limitations be assessed in light of a two part "cost-
reasonableness" test. American Paper Institute v. ~' 660 F2d
954 (4th Cir. 1981). The first test compares the cost for
private industry to reduce its conventional pollutants with the
costs to publicly owned treatment works for similar levels of
reduction in their discharge of these pollutants. The second
test examines the cost-effectiveness of additional industrial
treatment beyond BPT. EPA must find that limitations are
"reasonable" under both tests before establishing them as BCT.
In no case may BCT be less stringent than BPT. For non-toxic,
nonconventional pollutants, Sections 301(b)(2)(A} and (b)(2)(F)
17
require achievement of BAT effluent limitations within three
years after their establishment or by July 1, 1984, whichever is
later, but not later than July 1, 1987.
APPROACH
The emphasis of this regulatory development effort differs from
the one in 1974 because of legislative changes.
Despite the major revisions described above, the basic factors to
be considered in developing effluent limitation guidelines and
standards of performance remain unchanged. These include the
total cost of applying a technology; effluent reduction benefits
realized; the age of equipment and facilities; the process
employed; the engineering aspects of applying various types of
control techniques and process changes; nonwater-quality
environmental related impacts (including energy requirements);
and other factors as the Administrator deems appropriate.
Efforts to compile the necessary information to address the
statutory factors mentioned above were divided into four
segments: industry profile, waste characterization, technology
assessment, and cost development. These efforts are briefly
described below.
Industry Profile
To update the information needed to establish effluent guidelines
for the petroleum refining category, EPA sent questionnaires to
all refineries in the United States and its territorial
possessions. The surveys were made under Section 308 of the
Clean Water Act. The information obtained describes the
petroleum refining industry wastewater treatment practices for
the year 1976.
Information from these surveys was combined with existing
information to develop an industry profile, including number of
plants, their size, geographic location, manufacturing processes,
wastewater generation, treatment, and discharge methods.
Information on number, size, and geographical location of
refineries was later updated with 1980 data from the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE). Questionnaire data aided in the
final selection of plants for other aspects of this program.
Flow data from the questionnaires was used to develop a flow
model for the analysis of refinery wastewater production.
Another objective of the survey was to obtain information
identifying the use or generation of 123 toxic pollutants and
determining the availability of plant data on the effectiveness
of their removal. Since the initial questionnaire survey, the
list of toxic pollutants has been revised from 123 to the present
list of 126 specific substances.
Waste Characterization
18
Information on waste characterization of petroleum refining
effluent is available from four sources which are briefly
described below.
The first effort in determining the potential presence of the
toxics involved the identification of toxics manufactured and
purchased by the industry. The 1977 survey requested such
information from the industry.
The second effort was the sampling of 23 refineries and two POTW
to determine the presence, absence and relative concentrations of
toxic, conventional and non-conventional pollutants. The
refineries were selected to be representative of the
manufacturing processes, the prevalent mix of production among
plants, and the current treatment technologies in the industry.
The selected direct discharge refineries were meeting BPT
limitations. Seventeen plants were direct dischargers
(refineries that discharge effluents to U.S. waters) and six were
indirect dischargers (refineries that direct effluents to
publicly owned treatment works).
Subsequent to the 1979 proposal, EPA conducted a 60-day sampling
program at two petroleum refineries. The program involved the
sampling of raw and treated effluent every other day for a period
of sixty days. Pollutants analyzed included toxics, but excluded
asbestos and pesticides. The objectives of this program were to:
(1) determine if there is a surrogate relationship between the
priority pollutants and one or more of the traditional pollutant
parameters (i.e. COD, TOC): and (2) confirm the presence or
absence of specific priority' pollutants.
In a separate program, eight refineries were sampled by EPA
regional surveillance and analysis field teams.
Technology Evaluation
Three major efforts were undertaken to identify and evaluate
available control and treatment technologies. These include:
o A literature search that compiled available information on
the status of and advances being made by the industry
relative to wastewater handling and disposal.
o A review of the responses to the 1977 EPA Petroleum Refining
Industry Survey which determined the status of the industry
with regard to in-plant source control and end-of-pipe
treatment.
o A program to assess the toxic removal effectiveness of carbon
absorption treatment on a pilot scale. Granular activated
carbon was tested at six plants and powdered activated carbon
was tested in four of the same six refineries.
19
Subsequent to the 1979 proposal, the Agency conducted two
additional studies. The objective of the first study was to
determine the technical feasibility of recycle/reuse of
wastewater at fifteen refineries. The second study involved the
acquisition of effluent concentration data from fifty refineries
that have biological treatment systems. Most of these refineries
have below - industry average flows. The purposes were to
determine if low - flow refineries discharge at higher pollutant
concentrations and whether a long term average phenol
concentration of 19 ppb is achievable.
The results of the above studies established a range of control
and treatment technologies available to the petroleum refining
industry. Section V discusses these studies in greater detail.
Detailed discussion of BPT treatment technology is not presented
in this document. It is presented in the 1974 Development
Document.
~ Development
Information on costs, energy requirements and non-water quality
environmental impacts associated with the control and treatment
technologies was compiled at the time of the 1979 proposal. The
preamble to the 1979 proposal presented estimates of the cost of
recycle/reuse for comparison. The Agency confirmed these
estimates of the cost of flow reduction via recycle/reuse during
the 15 refinery study conducted after the 1979 proposal.
Results of these programs are presented in Section III on
industry profile, Section V on waste characterization, Section
VII on technology assessment and Appendix A on cost of treatment
systems.
20
SECTION III
DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this section is to provide a brief description of

the petroleum refining industry~ This description is presented
in two parts:
1} the overall industry profile: and
2} the unit manufacturing processes.
The industry profile includes a general description of the
industry, a description of refinery distribution in the United
States, and data related to the growth anticipated for this
industry.
The information presented on unit manufacturing processes
includes an overview of refining process operations. Also
included is information on unit operations, and wastewater
characteristics, related to some 20 individual processes.
INDUSTRY PROFILE
General Description 2t the Industry
This effluent guidelines study covers the petroleum refining
industry in the United States, as defined by Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC} Code 2911 of the U.S. Department of
Commerce. SIC Code 2911 includes facilities primarily engaged in
producing hydrocarbon materials through the distillation of crude
petroleum and its fractionation products. There are numerous and
varied intermediate and finished products which can be refined
from crude petroleum. Table III-1 presents a listing of some of
the major products of the petroleum refining industry.
It is important to note that the production of crude petroleum
and natural gas, the production of natural gasoline and other
natural liquid hydrocarbons, and operations associated with such
production are not included in SIC 2911. These are covered by
SIC Codes 1311 and 1312, respectively, and therefore, are not
within the scope of this subject. This study also does not
include distribution activities, such as gasoline service
stations. Transportation of petroleum products is covered only
to the extent that it affects a refinery's pollution control
activities, such as the treatment of ballast water. Other
activities outside the scope of the SIC Code 2911 were included
in the development of raw waste load data and are listed as
21
auxiliary processes which are an integral part of refinery
operations. Some of these include soap manufacture for the
production of greases, steam generation, and hydrogen production.
Refinery Distribution
As of January 1, 1981, there were a total of 303 petroleum
refineries operating in the United States, excluding Puerto Rico,
the Virgin Islands, and Guam. These refineries are operating
with a combined capacity of approximately 3.08 million cubic
meters per stream-day (19.37 million barrels per stream-day) of
crude oil processing. The individual capacities of the 303
refineries range from about 30 cubic meters per stream-day (190
barrels per stream-day) at the smallest plant to about 106,200
cubic meters per stream-day (668,000 barrels per stream-day) at
the largest plant.
Since it's inception, the U.S. refining industry has continued to
build bigger and more efficient plants as new technology has
developed over time. The average U.S. refinery capacity per
plant increased from 43.3 thousand barrels per day to 55.6
thousand barrels per day from January 1, 1967, to January 1,
1973. 53 additional U.S. refineries were in operation on January
1, 1981, versus January 1, 1975. The number of plants in
operation with capacity greater than 100 thousand barrels per day
increased by only seven (from 46 to 53) over this time period.
Most of the new plants placed in operation were small. Average
U.S. refinery capacity increased only from 56.0 to 57.3 thousand
barrels per day from January 1, 1975, to January 1, 1981. Many
of the small new plants built in this time period are among the
fifty that have discontinued operations during the last year.
Additional information on industry profile is provided in: Table
III-2 on refinery capacity; Table III-3 on 1980 consumption of
petroleum products; Table III-4 on sources of supply for u.s.
petroleum feedstocks; Table III-5 on characteristics of crude oil
from major fields around the world; and Table III-6 on trend in
domestic petroleum refining from 1975 to 1981.
Within the United States, most of the refining capacity is
concentrated in two areas: major crude production areas, such as
Texas, California, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Kansas; and major
population areas, such as Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, New
Jersey, and Indiana. Table III-2 lists the number of refineries,
total crude ·refining capacity, and major process capacities in
the United States by state. The geographical distribution of
these refineries is displayed in Figure III-1.
22
Anticipated Industry Growth
The U.S. refining industry has experienced a dramatic reversal of
historical growth trends as a result of the reduction in
consumption of petroleum products that has taken place since
1978. U.S. crude oil runs peaked at 14.7 million barrels per day
in the calendar year 1978. Runs have decreased each year since
then reaching 12.5 million barrels per day for the calendar year
1981. In early 1982 runs have dropped to below 11.5 million
barrels per day, representing percentage capacity utilizations in
the low 60's. More than fifty plants have discontinued
operations in the U.S. over the past year. It is expected that
U.S. refinery activity will recover somewhat. The 1981 DOE
Annual Report to Congress projects U.S. crude runs at 14.4
million barrels per day in 1985 and 13.4 million barrels per day
in 1990 for their mid-oil price scenarios. The above forcasts of
U.S. refinery activity indicate that very little, if any, new
refinery facilities will be built at undeveloped sites over the
next decade. · However, it will be necessary for U.S. refiners to
modernize and expand downstream facilities at existing refinery
sites to allow increasingly heavier and higher sulfur crude oils
to be processed into a product mix which emphasizes production of
the lighter and higher quality products that will be demanded by
the marketplace.
Y!!! MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
Overview of Refining Processes
A petroleum refinery is a complex combination of interdependent
operations engaged in separating crude molecular constituents,
molecular cracking, molecular rebuilding, and solvent finishing
to produce petroleum-derived products, such as those shown in
Table III-1. There are a number of distinct processes that may
be utilized by the industry for the refining of crude petroleum
and its fractionation products. The EPA questionnaire survey of
the petroleum refining industry, conducted during 1977,
identified over 150 separate processes being used. These
processes, along with the number of refineries employing each,
are presented in Table III-7.
Although only about 150 separate processes were identified in the
petroleum refining industry, there are many more process
combinations that may be employed at an individual refinery,
depending upon the type of crude being processed, the type of
product being produced, and the characteristics of the particular
refinery.
Process Descriptions and Wastewater Characteristics
The characteristics of the wastewater differ considerably for
different processes. Considerable information is available that
can be used to make meaningful qualitative interpretations of
23
pollutant loadings from refinery processes. The results of
analysis of available information is presented in Table III-8
which shows the major sources of pollutants within a refinery.
In order to characterize the wastes for each of the industry
subcategories, it is essential to focus on the sources and
contaminants within the individual production processes and
auxiliary activities. Each process is itself a series of unit
operations which causes chemical and/or physical changes in the
feedstock or products. In the commercial synthesis of a single
product from a single feedstock, there generally are sections of
the process associated with the preparation of the feedstock, the
chemical reaction, the separation of reaction products, and the
final purification of the desired product. Each unit operation
may have quite different water usages associated with it. The
types and quantities of contact wastewater are, therefore,
directly related to the nature of the various processes. This
implies that the types and quantities of wastewater generated by
each plant's total production mix are unique. Brief process
descriptions and delineation of wastewater sources for the more
important refining processes are presented below.
1. Crude Oil and Product Storage. Crude oil, intermediate, and
finished products are stored in tanks of varying size to provide
adequate supplies of crude oils for primary fractionation runs of
economical duration, to equalize process flows and provide
feedstocks for intermediate processing units, and to store final
products prior to shipment in adjustment to market demands.
Generally, operating schedules permit sufficient detention time
for settling of water and suspended solids.
Wastewater pollutants associated with storage of crude oil and
products are mainly in the form of free and emulsified oil and
suspended solids. During storage, water and suspended solids in
the crude oil separate. The water layer accumulates below the
oil, forming a bottom sludge. When the water layer is drawn off,
emulsified oil present at the oil-water interface is often lost
to the sewers. This waste is high in COD levels and to a lesser
extent, BODS. Bottom sludge is removed at infrequent intervals.
Additional quantities of waste result from leaks, spills, salt
"filters" (for product drying), and tank cleaning.
Intermediate storage is frequently the source of polysulfide
bearing wastewaters and iron sulfide suspended solids. Finished
product storage can produce high BODi, alkaline wastewaters, as
well as tetraethyl lead. Tank cleaning can contribute large
amounts of oil, COD, and suspended solids, and a minor amount of
BOD~. Leaks, spills, and open or poorly ventilated tanks can
also be a source of air pollution, through evaporation of
hydrocarbons into the atmosphere.
24
2. Ballast Water Storage. Tankers which are used ·to ship
Intermediate and final products generally discharge ballast
(approximately 30 percent of the cargo capacity is generally
required to maintain vessel stability}.
Ballast waters discharged by product tankers are contaminated
with product materials which are the crude feedstock in use at
the refinery, ranging from water soluble alcohol to residual
fuels. In addition to the oil products contamination, brackish
water and sediments are present, contributing high COD and
dissolved solids loadings to the refinery wastewater. These
wastewaters are generally discharged to either a ballast water
tank or holding ponds at the refinery. In many cases, the
ballast water is discharged directly to the wastewater treatment
system, and potentially constitutes a "shock" load to the
treatment system.
~ Crude Desalting. Common to all types of desalting are an
emulsifier and settling tank. Salts can be separated from oil by
either of two methods. In the first method, water wash desalting
in the presence of chemicals (specific to the type of salts
present and the nature of the crude oil) is followed by heating
and gravity separation. In the second method, water wash
desalting is followed by water/oil separation under the influence
of a high voltage electrostatic field acting to agglomerate
dispersed droplets. In either case, wastewater containing
various removed impurities is discharged to the waste stream,
while clean desalted crude oil flows from the upper portion of
the holding tank. A process flow schematic of electrostatic
desalting is shown in Figure III-2.
Much of the bottom sediment and water (BS&W) content in crude oil
is caused by the "load-on-top" procedure used on many tankers.
This procedure can result in one or more cargo tanks containing
mixtures of sea waters and crude oil, which cannot be separated
by decantation while at sea, and are consequently retained in the
crude oil storage at the refinery. While much of the water and
sediment are removed from the crude oil by settling during
storage, a significant quantity remains to be removed by
desalting prior to processing of the crude in the refinery.
The continuous wastewater stream from a desalter contains
emulsified oil occasionally free oil, ammonia, phenol, sulfides,
and suspended solids. These pollutants produce a relatively high
BODS and COD. This wastewater also contains enough chlorides and
other dissolved materials to contribute to the dissolved solids
problem in the areas where the wastewater is discharged to fresh
water bodies. There are also potential thermal pollution
problems because the temperature of the desalting wastewater
often exceeds gsoc (2QOOF).
25
~ Crude Oil Fractionation. Fractionation serves as the basic
refining process for the separation of crude petroleum into
intermediate fractions of specified boiling point ranges. The
several alternative subprocesses include prefractionation and
atmospheric fractionation, vacuum fractionation, and three-stage
crude distillation.
Prefractionation and Atmospheric Distillation (Topping or
Skimming}
Prefractionation is an optional distillation process to separate
economical quantities of very light distillates from the crude
oil. Lower temperature and higher pressure conditions are used
than would be required in atmospheric distillation. Some process
water can be carried over to the prefractionation tower from the
desalting process.
Atmospheric distillation breaks the heated crude oil as follows:
1. Light overhead products (CS and lighter} as in the case of
prefractionation.
2. Sidestream distillate cuts of kerosene, heating and gas oil
can be separated in a single tower or in a series of topping
towers, each tower yielding a successively heavier product
stream.
3. Residual or reduced crude oil.
Vacuum Fractionation
The asphaltic residuum from atmospheric distillation amounts to
roughly one-third (U.S. average) of the crude charged. This
material is sent to vacuum stills, which recover additional heavy
gas oil and deasphalting feedstock from the bottoms residue.
Three-Stage Crude Distillation
Three-stage crude distillation, representing only one of many
possible combinations of equipment, is shown schematically in
Figure III-3. The process consists of:
1. An atmospheric fractioning stage which produces lighter oils;
2. An initial vacuum stage which produces well~fractioned, lube
oil base stocks plus residue for subsequent propane
deasphalting; and
3. A second vacuum stage which fractionates surplus atmospheric
bottoms not applicable for lube production, plus surplus
initial vacuum stage residuum not required for deasphalting.
This stage adds the capability of removing catalytic cracking
stock from surplus bottoms to the distillation unit.
26
Crude oil is first heated in a simple heat exchanger, then in a
direct-fired crude charqe heater. Combined liquid and vapor
effluent flow from the heater to the atmospheric fractionating
tower, where the vaporized distillate is fractionated into
gasoline overhead product and as many as four liquid sidestream
products: naphtha, kerosene, light and heavy diesel oil. Part of
the reduced crude from the bottom of the atmospheric tower is
pumped through a direct-fired heater to the vacuum lube
fractionator. Bottoms are combined and charged to a third
direct-fired heater. In the tower, the distillate is
subsequently condensed and withdrawn as two sidestreams. The two
sidestreams are combined to form catalytic cracking feedstocks,
with an asphalt base stock withdrawn from the tower bottom.
Wastewater from crude oil fractionation generally comes from
three sources. The first source is the water drawn off from
overhead accumulators prior to recirculation or transfer of
hydrocarbons to other fractionators. This waste is a major
source of sulfides and ammonia, especially when sour crudes are
being processed. It also contains significant amounts of oil,
chlorides, mercaptans, and phenols.
A second waste source is discharge from oil sampling lines. This
should be separable but may form emulsions in the sewer.
A third possible waste source is the very stable oil emulsions
formed in the barometric condensers used to create the reduced
pressures in the vacuum distillation units. However, when
barometric condensers are replaced with surface condensers, oil
vapors do not come in contact with water; consequently, e~ulsions
do not develop.
~ Thermal Cracking. This fundamental process is defined in
this study to include visbreaking and coking, as well as regular
thermal cracking. In each of these operations, heavy gas oil
fractions (from vacuum stills) are broken down into lower
molecular weight fractions such as domestic heating oils,
catalytic cracking stock, and other fractions by heating, but
without the use of a catalyst. Typical thermal cracking
conditions are 4800- 6030C, (~ooo- 110QOF) and 41.6- 69.1 atm
(600-1000 psig). The high pressures result from the formation of
light hydrocarbons in the cracking reaction (olefins, or
unsaturated compounds, are always formed in this chemical
conversion). There is also a certain amount of heavy fuel oil
and coke formed by polymerization and condensation reactions.
The major source of wastewater in thermal cracking is the
overhead accumulator on the fractionator, where water is
separated from the hydrocarbon vapor and sent to the sewer
system. This water usually contains various oils and fractions
and may be high in BOD~, COD, ammonia, phenol, and sulfides, and
may have a high alkalinity.
27
~ Catalytic Cracking. Catalytic cracking, like thermal
cracking, breaks heavy fractions, principally gas oils, into
lower molecular weight fractions. This is probably the key
process in the production of large volumes of high-octane
gasoline stocks; furnace oils and other useful middle molecular
weight distillates are also produced. The use of catalyst
permits operations at lower temperatures and pressures than with
thermal cracking, and inhibits the formation of undesirable
polymerized products. Fluidized catalytic processes, in which
the finely powdered catalyst is handled as a fluid, have largely
replaced the fixed bed and moving bed processes, which use a
beaded or pelleted catalyst. A schematic flow diagram of fluid
catalytic cracking is shown. in Figure III-4.
The process involves at least four types of reactions: 1) thermal
decomposition; 2) primary catalytic reactions at the catalyst
surface; 3) secondary catalytic reactions between the primary
products; and 4) removal of polymerizable products from further
reactions by absorption onto the surface of the catalyst as coke.
This last reaction is the key to catalytic cracking because it
permits decomposition reactions to move closer to completion than
is possible in simple thermal cracking. Cracking catalysts
include synthetic and/or natural silica-alumina, treated
bentonite clay, Fuller's earth, aluminum hydrosilicates, and
bauxite. These catalysts are in the form of beads, pellets, and
powder, and are used in either a fixed, moving, or fluidized bed.
The catalyst is usually heated and lifted into the reactor area
by the incoming oil feed which, in turn, is immediately vaporized
upon contact. Vapors from the reactors pass upward through a
cyclone separator which removes most of the entrained catalyst.
These vapors then enter the fractionator, where the desired
products are removed and heavier fractions recycled to the
reactor.
Catalytic cracking units are one of the largest sources of sour
and phenolic wastewaters in a refinery. Pollutants from
catalytic cracking generally come from the steam strippers and
overhead accumulators on fractionators, used to recover and
separate the various hydrocarbon fractions produced in the
catalytic reactors.
The major pollutants resulting from catalytic cracking operations
are oil, sulfides, phenols, cyanides, and ammonia. These
pollutants produce an alkaline wastewater with high BODS and COD
concentrations. Sulfide and phenol concentrations -in the
wastewater vary with the type of crude oil being processed, but
at times are significant. Regeneration of spent catalyst may
produce enough carbon monoxide and catalyst fines to constitute
an air pollution problem.
28
~ Hydrocracking. This process is basically catalytic cracking
1n the presence of hydrogen, with lower temperatures and higher
pressures than fluid catalytic cracking. Hydrocracking
temperatures range from 203o 4250C (4000 - SOOOF), while
pressures range from 7.8- 137.0 atm (100 to 2000 psig). Actual
conditions and hydrogen consumption depend upon the feedstock,
and the degree of hydrogenation required. The molecular weight
distribution of the products is similar to catalytic cracking,
but with the reduced formation of olefins.
At least one wastewater stream from the process should be high in
sulfides, since hydrocracking reduces the sulfur content of the
material being cracked. Most of the sulfides are in the gas
products which are sent to a treating unit for removal and/or
recovery of sulfur and ammonia. However, in product separation
and fractionation units following the hydrocracking reactor, some
of the H2 S will dissolve in the wastewater being collected. This
water from the separator and fractionator will probably be high
in sulfides, and possibly contain significant quantities of
phenols and ammonia.
~ Polymerization. Polymerization units are used to convert
olefin feedstocks (primarily propylene) into higher octane
polymer units. These units generally consist of a feed treatment
unit (remove H2S, mercaptans, nitrogen compounds), a catalytic
reactor, an -acid removal section, and a gas stabilizer. The
catalyst is usually phosphoric acid, although sulfuric acid is
used in some older methods. The catalytic reaction occurs at
1470- 2240C (3000- 43SOF), and a pressure of 11.2- 137.0 atm
(150 2000 psig). The temperature and pressure vary with the
individual subprocess used.
Polymerization is a rather dirty process in terms of pounds of
pollutants per barrel of charge, but because of the small
polymerization capacity in most refineries, the total waste
production from the process is small. Even though the process
makes use of acid catalysts, the waste stream is alkaline,
because the acid catalyst in most subprocesses is recycled, and
any remaining acid is removed .by caustic washing. Most of the
waste material comes from the pretreatment of feedstock to the
reactor. The wastewater is high in sulfides, mercaptans, and
ammonia. These materials are removed from the feedstock in
caustic acid.
9. Alkylation. Alkylation is the reaction of an isoparaffin
TUsually isobutane) and an olefin (propylene, butylene, amylenes)
in the presence of a catalyst at carefully controlled
temperatures and pressures to produce a high octane alkylate for
use as a gasoline blending component. Propane and butane are
also produced. Sulfuric acid is the most widely used catalyst,
although hydrofluoric acid is also used. The reactor products
are separated in a catalyst recovery unit, from which the
29
catalyst is recycled. The hydrocarbon stream is passed through a
caustic and water wash before going to the fractionation section.
The major discharges from sulfuric acid alkylation are the spent
caustics from the neutralization of hydrocarbon streams leaving
the sulfuric acid alkylation reactor. These wastewaters contain
dissolved and suspended solids, sulfides, oils, and other
contaminants. Water drawn off from the overhead accumulators
contains varying amounts of oil, sulfides, and other
contaminants, but is not a major source of waste in this
subprocess. Most refineries process the waste sulfuric acid
stream from the reactor to recover clean acids, use it for
neutralization of other waste streams, or sell it.
Hydrofluoric acid alkylation units have small acid rerun units to
purify the acid for reuse. HF units do not have a spent acid or
spent caustic waste stream. Any leaks or spills that involve
loss of fluorides constitute a serious and difficult pollution
problem. Formation of fluorosilicates has caused line plugging
and similar problems. The major sources of waste material are
the overhead accumulators on the fractionator.
~ Isomerization. Isomerization is a process technique for
obtaining higher octane motor fuel by converting light gasoline
stocks into their higher octane isomers. The greatest
application has been, indirectly, in the conversion of isobutane
from normal butane for use as feedstock for the alkylation
process. In a typical subprocess, the desulfurized feedstock is
first fractionated to separate isoparaffins from normal
paraffins. The normal paraffins are then heated, compressed, and
passed through the catalytic hydrogenation reactor which
isomerizes the n-paraffin to its respective high octane isomer.
After separation of hydrogen, the liquids are sent to a
stabilizer, where motor fuel blending stock or synthetic isomers
are removed as products.
Isomerization wastewaters present no major pollutant discharge
problems. Sulfides and ammonia are not likely to be present in
the effluent. Isomerization wastewaters should also be low in
phenolics and oxygen demand.
~ Reforming. Reforming converts low octane naphtha, heavy
gasoline, and napthene-rich stocks to high octane gasoline
blending stock, .aromatics for petrochemical use, and isobutane.
Hydrogen is a significant by-product of the process. Reforming
is a mild decomposing process, since some reduction occurs in
molecular size and boiling range of the feedstock. Feedstocks
are usually hydrotreated for the removal of sulfur and nitrogen
compounds prior to charging to the reformer, since the platinum
catalysts widely used are readily poisoned.
The predominant reaction during reforming is the dehydrogenation
of naphthenes. Important secondary reactions are the
30
isomerization and dehydrocyclization of paraffins. All three
reactions result in high octane products.
One subprocess may be divided into three parts: the reactor
heater section, in which the charge plus recycle gas is heated
and passed over the catalyst in a series of reactions; the
separator drum, in which the reactor-effluent is separated into
gas and liquid streams, the gas being compressed for recycle; and
the stabilizer section, in which the separated liquid is
stabilized to the desired vapor pressure. There are many
variations in subprocesses, but the essential and frequently the
only difference is the composition of the catalyst involved.
Reforming is a relatively clean process. The volume of
wastewater flow is small, and none of the wastewater streams have
high concentrations of significant pollutants. The wastewater is
alkaline, and the major pollutant is sulfide from the overhead
accumulator on the stripping tower used to remove light
hydrocarbon fractions from the reactor effluent. The overhead
accumulator catches any water that may be contained in the
hydrocarbon vapors. In addition to sulfides, the wastewater
contains small amounts of ammonia, mercaptans, and oil.
~ Solvent Refining. Refineries employ a wide spectrum of
contact solvent processes, which are dependent upon the
differential solubilities of the desirable and undesirable
feedstock components. The principal steps are: counter-current
extraction, separation of solvent and product by heating and
fractionation, and solvent recovery. Napthenics, aromatics,
unsaturated hydrocarbons, sulfur and other inorganics are
separated, with the solvent extract yielding high purity
products. Many of the solvent processes may produce process
wastewaters which contain small amounts of the solvents employed.
However, these are usually minimized because of the economic
incentives for reuse of the solvents.
Solvent Deasphalting
The primary purpose of solvent deasphalting is to recover lube or
catalytic cracking feedstocks from asphaltic residuals, with
asphalt as a by-product. Propane deasphalting is the predominant
technique. The vacuum fractionation residual is mixed in a fixed
proportion with a solvent in which asphalt is not soluble. The
solvent is recovered from the oil via steam stripping and
fractionation, and is reused. The asphalt produced by this
method is normally blended into fuel oil or other asphaltic
residuals.
Solvent Dewaxing
Solvent drawing removes wax from lubricating oil stocks by
promoting crystallization of the wax. Solvents which are used
include: furfural, phenol, cresylic acid propane (Duo-Sol},
31
liquid sulfur dioxide (El~leanu process), B-B- dichloroethyl
ether, methyl ethyl ketone, nitrobenzene, and sulfur-benzene.
The process yields deoiled waxes, wax-free lubricating oils,
aromatics, and recovered solvents.
Lube Oil Solvent Refining
This process includes a collection of subprocesses for improving
the quality of lubricating oil stock. The raffinate or refined
lube oils obtain improved temperature, viscosity, color, and
oxidation resistance characteristics. A particular solvent is
selected to obtain the desired quality raffinate. The solvents
include: furfural, phenol, sulfur dioxide, and propane.
Aromatic Extraction
Benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) are formed as by-products in
the reforming process. The reformed products are fractionated to
give a BTX concentrate cut, which, in turn, is extracted from the
napthalene and the paraffinics with a glycol base solvent.
Butadiene Extraction
Approximately 15 percent of the u.s. supply of butadiene is
extracted from the C4 cuts from the high temperature petroleum
cracking processes. Furfural or cuprous ammonia acetate (CAA) is
commonly used for the solvent extraction.
The major potential ROllutants from the various solvent refining
subprocesses are tne solvents themselves. Many of the solvents,
such as phenol, glycol, and amines, can produce a high BOOS.
Under ideal conditions the solvents are continually recirculated
with no losses to the sewer. Unfortunately, some solvent is
always lost through pump seals, flange leaks, and other sources.
The main source of wastewater is from the bottom of fractionation
towers. Oil and solvent are the major wastewater constituents.
~ Hydrotreatinq. Hydrotreating processes are used to saturate
olefins, and to remove sulfur and nitrogen compounds, odor, color
and gum-forming materials, and others by catalytic action in the
presence of hydrogen, from either straight-run or cracked
petroleum fractions. In most subprocesses, the feedstock is
mixed with hydrogen, heated, and charged to the catalytic
reactor. The reactor products are cooled, and the hydrogen,
impurities and high grade product separated. The principal
difference between the many subprocesses is the catalyst; the
process flow is similar for essentially all subprocesses.
Hydrotreating processes are used to reduce the sulfur content of
product streams from sour crudes by approximately 90 percent or
more. Nitrogen removal requires more severe operating
conditions, but generally 80 - 90 percent, or better, reductions
are accomplished.
32
The primary variables influencing hydrotreating are hydrogen
partial pressure, process temperature, and contact time. An
increase in hydrogen pressure gives a better removal of
undesirable materials and a better rate of hydrogenation.
Make-up hydrogen requirements are generally high enough to
require a hydrogen production unit. Excessive temperatures
increase the formation of coke, and the contact time is set to
give adequate treatment without excessive hydrogen usage and/or
undue coke formation. For the various hydrotreating processes,
the pressures range from 7.8 - 205.1 atm (100 to 3000 psig).
Temperatures range from less than 177oc (3SOOF) to as high as
4sooc (SSOOF), with most processing done in the range of 3140C
(6000F) to 4270C (SOOOF). Hydrogen consumption is usually less
than 5.67 Ml (200 scf) per barrel of charge.
Principal hydrotreating subprocesses are used as follows:
1. Pretreatment of catalytic reformer feedstock;
2. Naphtha desulfurization;
3. Lube oil polishing;
4. Pretreatment of catalytic cracking feedstock;
s. Heavy gas-oil and residual desulfurization; and
6. Naphtha saturation.
The strength and quantity of wastewaters generated by
hydrotreating depends upon the subprocess used and feedstock.
Ammonia and sulfides are the primary contaminants, but phenols
may also be present if the feedstock boiling range is
sufficiently high.
14. Grease Manufacturing. Grease manufacturing processes require
accurate weight or volumetric measurements of feed components,
intimate mixing, rapid heating and cooling, together with
milling, dehydration and polishing in batch reactions. The feed
components include soap and petroleum oils with inorganic clays
and other additives.
Grease is primarily a soap and lube oil mixture. The properties
of grease are determined in large part by the properties of the
soap component. For example, sodium metal base soaps are water
soluble and would then not be suitable for water contact service.
A calcium soap grease can be used in water service. The soap may
be purchased as a raw material or may be manufactured on site as
an auxiliary process.
Only very small volumes of wastewater are discharged from a
grease manufacturing process. A small amount of oil is lost to
the wastewater system through leaks in pumps. The largest waste
loading occurs when the batch units are washed, resulting in soap
and oil discharges to the sewer system.
33
15. Asphalt Production. Asphaltic feedstock (flux) is contacted
with hot air at 2Q30C (4QQOF) to 28QOC (SSQOF) to obtain
desirable asphalt product. Both batch and continuous processes
are in operation at present, but the batch process is more
prevalent because of its versatility. Nonrecoverable catalytic
compounds include: copper sulfate, zinc chloride, ferric
chloride, aluminum chloride, phosphorous pentoxide, and others.
The catalyst will not normally contaminate the process water
effluent.
Wastewaters from asphalt blowing contain high concentrations of
oils and have high oxygen demand. Small quantities of phenols
may also be present.
~ Drying and Sweetening: Drying and sweetening is a relatively
broad process category pr1marily used to remove sulfur compounds,
water and other impurities from gasoline, kerosene, jet fuels,
domestic heating oils, and other middle distillate products.
"Sweetening" pertains to the removal of hydrogen sulfide,
mercaptans, and thiophenes, which impart a foul odor and decrease
the tetra-ethyl lead susceptibility of gasoline. The major
sweetening operations are oxidation of mercaptans or disulfides,
removal of mercaptans, and destruction and removal of all sulfur
compounds. Drying is accomplished by salt filters or absorptive
clay beds. Electric fields are sometimes used to facilitate
separation of the product.
The most common waste stream from drying and sweetening
operations is spent caustic. The spent caustic is characterized
as phenolic or sulfidic, depending on which is present in the
largest concentration. Whether the spent caustic is actually
phenolic or sulfidic is mainly determined by the product stream
being treated. Phenolic spent caustics contain phenol, cresols,
xylenols, sulfur compounds and ·neutral oils. Sulfidic spent
caustics are rich in sulfides, but do not contain any phenols.
These spent caustics have very high BOD~ and coo. The phenolic
caustic streams are usually sold for the recovery of phenolic
materials.
Other waste streams from the process result from water washing of
the treated product and regeneration of the treating solution
such as sodium plumbite Na 2 Pb02) in doctor sweetening. These
waste streams will contain small amounts of oil and the treating
material, such as sodium plumbite (or copper from copper chloride
sweetening).
The treating of sour gases produces a purified gas stream, and an
acid gas stream rich in hydrogen sulfide. The H2S rich stream
can be flared, burned as fuel, or processed for recovery of
elemental sulfur.
34
~ Lube Oil Finishing. Solvent refined and dewaxed lube oil
stocks can be further refined by clay or acid treatment to remove
color-forming and other undesirable materials. Continuous
contact filtration, in which an oil-clay slurry is heated and the
oil removed by vacuum filtration, is the most widely used
subprocess.
Acid treatment of lubricating oils produces acid bearing wastes
occuring· as rinse waters, sludges, and discharges from sampling,
leaks, and shutdowns. The waste streams are also high in
dissolved and suspended solids, sulfates, sulfonates, and stable
oil emulsions.
Handling of acid sludge can create additional problems. Some
refineries burn the acid sludge as fuel. Burning the sludge
produces large volumes of sulfur dioxide that can cause air
pollution problems. Other refineries neutralize the sludge with
alkaline wastes and discharge it to the sewer, resulting in both
organic and inorganic pollution. The best method of disposal is
probably processing to recover the sulfuric acid, but this also
produces a wastewater stream containing acid, sulfur compounds,
and emulsified oil.
Clay treatment results in only small quantities of wastewater
being discharged to the sewer. Clay, free oil, and emulsified
oil are the major waste constituents. However, the operation of
clay recovery kilns involves potential air. pollution problems of
hydrocarbon and particulate emissions. Spent clays usually are
disposed of by landfill.
~ Blending and Packaging. Blending is the final step in
producing finished petroleum products to meet quality
specifications and market demands. The largest volume operation
is the blending of various gasoline stocks (including alkylates
and other high-octane components) and anti-knock (tetra-ethyl
lead), anti-rust, anti-icing, and other additives. Diesel fuels,
lube oils, and waxes involve blending of various components
and/or additives. Packaging at refineries is generally highly
automated and restricted to high volume, consumer oriented
products such as motor oils.
These are relatively clean processes because care is taken to
avoid loss of product through spillage. The primary source of
waste material is from the washing of railroad tank cars or
tankers prior to loading finished products. These wash waters
are high in emulsified oil.
Tetra-ethyl lead is the major additive blended into gasolines and
it must be carefully handled because of its nigh toxicity.
Sludges from finished gasoline storage tanks can contain large
amounts of lead and should not be washed into the wastewater
system.
35
~ Hydrogen Manufacture. The rapid growth of hydrotreating and
hydrocracking has increased the demand for hydrogen beyond the
level of by-product hydrogen available from reforming and other
refinery processes. The most widely used process for the
manufacture of hydrogen in the refinery is steam reforming, which
utilizes refinery gases as a charge stock. The charge is
purified to remove sulfur compounds that would temporarily
deactivate the catalysts.
The desulfurized feedstock is mixed with superheated steam and
charged to the hydrogen furnace. On the catalyst, the
hydrocarbons are converted to hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and
carbon dioxide. The furnace supplies the heat needed to maintain
the reaction temperature.
The gases from the furnace are cooled by the addition of
condensate and steam, and then passed through a converter
containing a high or low temperature shift catalyst depending on
the degree of carbon monoxide conversion desired. Carbon dioxide
and hydrogen are produced by the reaction of the monoxide with
steam.
The gas mixture from the converter is cooled and passed to a
hydrogen purifying system where carbon dioxide is absorbed into
amine solutions and later driven off to the atmosphere by heating
the rich amine solution in the reactivator.
Since some refining processes require a minimum of carbon oxides
in the product gas, the oxides are reacted with hydrogen in a
methanation step. This reaction takes place in the methanator
over a nickel catalyst at elevated temperatures.
Hydrocarbon impurities in the product hydrogen usually are not
detrimental to the processes where this hydrogen will be used.
Thus, a small amount of hydrocarbon is tolerable in the effluent
gas.
Information concerning wastes from this process is not available.
However, the process appears to be a relatively clean one. In
the steam reforming subprocess a potential waste source is the
desulfurization unit, which is required for feedstock that has
not already been desulfurized. This waste stream would contain
oil, sulfur compounds, and phenol. In the partial oxidation
subprocess free carbon is removed by a water wash. Carbon
dioxide is d~scharged to the atmosphere at several points in the
subprocess.
20. Utilities Function. Utility functions such as the supply of
steam and cooling water generally are set up to service several
processes. Boiler feed water is prepared and steam is generated
in a single boiler house. Non-contact steam used for surface
heating is circulated through a closed loop, whereby varying
quantities are made available for the specific requirements of
36
the different processes. The condensate is nearly always
recycled to the boiler house, where a certain portion is
discharged as blowdown.
The three major uses of steam generated within a refinery plant
are:
1. For noncontact process heating. In this application, the
steam is normally generated at pressures of 9.5 to 45.2 atm
(125 to 650 psig);
2. For power generation such as in steam driven turbines,
compressors, and pumps associated with the process. In this
application, the steam is normally generated at pressures of
45.2 to 103 atm (650 to 1500 psig) and requires superheating;
and
3. For use as a diluent, stripping medium, or source of vacuum
through the use of steam jet ejectors. This steam actually
contacts the hydrocarbons in the manufacturing processes and
is a source of contact process wastewater when condensed. It
is used at a substantially lower pressure than the foregoing
and frequently is exhaust steam from one of the other uses.
Steam is supplied to the different users throughout the plant
either by natural circulation, vapor phase systems, or by forced
circulation liquid heat transfer systems. Both types of systems
discharge some condensate as blowdown and require the addition of
boiler makeup water. The main areas of consideration in boiler
operation are normally boiler efficiency, internal deposits,
corrosion, and the required steam quality.
Boiler efficiency is dependent on many factors. One is the
elimination of boiler tube deposition that impedes heat
transfer. The main contributors to boiler deposits are calcium,
magnesium, silicon, iron, copper, and aluminum. Any of these can
occur in natural waters, and some can result from condensate
return line corrosion or even from makeup water pretreatment.
Modern industrial boilers are designed with efficiencies on the
order of 80 percent. A deposit of 0.32 em (1/8 inch) in depth
will cause a 2-3 percent drop in this efficiency, depending on
the type of deposit.
The quantity and quality of the blowdown from boilers and cooling
towers depend on the design of the particular plant utility
system. The heat content of these streams is purely a function
of the heat recovery equipment associated with the utility
system. The amounts of waste brine and sludge produced by ion
exchange and water treatment systems depends on both the plant
water use function and the intake source. None of these utility
waste streams can be related directly to specific process units.
37
Quantitative limitations on parameters.such as dissolved solids,
hardness; alkalinity, and temperature, therefore, cannot be
allocated on a production basis. The limitations on such
parameters associated with noncontact utility effluents should be
established on the basis of the water quality criteria of the
specific receiving water body or an EPA study of all industries,
to define specific utility effluent limitations.
Noncontact cooling water also is normally supplied to several
processes from the utilities area. The system is either a loop
which utilizes one or more evaporative cooling towers, or a
once-through system with direct discharge.
Cooling towers accomplish the cooling of water circulated over
the tower by moving a predetermined flow of ambient air through
the tower with large fans. The air water contact causes a small
amount of the water to be evaporated by the air. Thus, through
latent heat transfer, the remainder of the circulated water is
cooled.
Approximately 252 kg cal (1,000 BTU) are removed from the total
water circulation by the evaporation of 0.454 kg (1 lb) of water.
Therefore, if 45.4 kg (100 lbs) of water are introduced at the
tower inlet and 0.454 kg (1 lb) is evaporated to the moving air,
the remaining 44.9 kg (99 lbs) of water are reduced in total heat
content by 252 ·kg cal (1,000 BTU), of water leaving the tower
have been cooled 3.240C/kg/kg cal (10F/lb/BTU) removed, and the
exit temperature is reduced by about 5.5oc (100F). The common
rule of thumb is 1 percent evaporation loss for each 5.5oc (lOOF)
cooling.
Since cooling is primarily by transfer of latent heat, cooling
tower selection is based on the total heat content or enthalpy of
the entering air. At any one enthalpy condition, the wet bulb
temperture is constant. Therefore, cooling towers are selected
and guaranteed to cool a specific volume of water from a
hot-water temperature to a cold water temperature while operating
at a design wet bulb temperature. Design wet bulb temperatures
vary from 15.6 oc (600F) to 35oc (850F) depending on the
geographic area, and are usually equaled or exceeded only 2.5
percent to 5 percent of the total summer operating time.
Hot water temperature minus cold water temperature is termed
cooling range, and the difference between cold water and wet bulb
temperature is called approach.
A closed system is normally used when converting from
once-through river cooling of plant processes. In the closed
system, a cooling tower is used for cooling all the hot water
from the processes. With the closed system, makeup water is
required to replace evaporation loss at the tower.
38
Two other types of water losses also occur. The first is drift,
which is droplet carryover in the air as contrasted to evaporate
loss. The cooling tower industry has a standardized guarantee
that drift loss will not exceed 0.2 percent of the water
circulated. The second loss in the closed system is blowdown to
sewer or river. Although blowdown is usually taken off the hot
water line, it may be removed from the cold water stream in order
to comply with any regulations that limit the temperature of
water returned to the stream. Slowdown from a tower system will
vary depending on the solids concentration in the makeup water,
and on the occurrence of solids that may be harmful to equipment.
Generally, blowdown will be about 0.3 percent per s.soc {lOOF) of
cooling, in order to maintain a solids concentration in the
recirculated water of three to four times that of the makeup
water.
Internal boiler water treatment methods have 'advanced to such a
stage that corrosion in the steam generation equipment can be
virtually eliminated. The control of caustic embrittlement in
boiler tubes and drums is accomplished through the addition of
sodium nitrate in the correct ratio to boiler water alkalinity.
Caustic corrosion in high heat transfer boilers can also be
controlled by the addition of chelating agents. This type of
solubilizing internal boiler water treatment has been shown to be
more effective than previous precipitation treatment using
phosphate.
Other factors influencing boiler efficiency include reduction of
the amount of boiler blowdown by increasing cycles of
concentration of the boiler feedwater, efficiency of the blowdown
heat recovery equipment, and the type of feed used.
Steam purity is of prime importance if:
1. The boilers are equipped with superheaters;
2. The boilers supply power generation equipment;
3. The steam is used directly in a process where contamination
could affect product quality or destroy some material {such
as a catalyst) essential to the manufacture of the product.
The minimum purity required for contact steam· (or contact process
water) varies from process to ·process. Acceptable amounts of
suspended solids, total solids, and alkalinity vary inversely
with the steam pressure. The following tabulation summarizes
boiler water concentration limits for a system providing a steam
purity of 0.5- 1.0 ppm total solids, which is required for most
noncontact steam uses. Boiler operation generally requires the
use of antifoam agents and steam separation equipment.
39
Boiler Water Concentration Limits
Parameter Boiler Pressure, atm.

21.4 21.5-31.6 31.7-41.8 41.9-52.0
Total Solids
(mg/L) 6,000 ·5, 000 4,000 2,500
Suspended Solids
(mg/L) 1,000 200 100 50
Total Alkalinity
(mg/L) 1,000 900 800 750
Water conditioning or pretreatment systems are normally part of

the utilities section of most plants. From the previous
discussions, it is obvious that the required treatment may be
quite extensive. Ion exchange demineralization systems are very
widely employed, not only for conditioning water for high
pressure boilers, but also for conditioning various process
waters. Clarification is also widely practiced and usually pre-
cedes the ion exchange operation.
40
TABLE III-1
INTERMEDIATE AND FINISHED PRODUCTS

PRODUCED BY THE PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY
SIC 2911
Acid Oil
Alkylates
Aromatic Chemicals
Asphalt and Asphaltic Materials (Semi-Solid and Solid)
Benzene
Benzol
Butadiene
Coke (Petroleum)
Fuel Oils (Distillate and Residual)
Gas (Refinery or Still Oil)
Gases (LPG)
Gasoline (except Natural Gasoline)
Greases (Petroleum, Lubricative, Mineral Jelly, etc.)
Jet Fuels
Kerosene
Mineral Oils (Natural}
Mineral Waxes (Natural)
Naphtha
Naphthenic Acids
Oils (Partly Refined)
Paraffin Wax
Petroleums (Nonmedicinal)
Road Oils
Solvents
Tar or Residuum
41
TABlE 111-2
REFINING CAPACITY Of PETROLEUM RUINERIES IN THE U.S. BT STATE AS or JANJART 1, 1981 ( 167)
Olerge capacity, b/ad Production capacity, b/ad

It>. - ~rude Capac!\ y - --,V:-..,-.... - .71-----=cat.,.--c..:rack1ng -
----:T::-he-.. Cat Cat hydro- C.t hydro- Cat hydro- Alkyla- ArOtnatlce- - - - Hydrogen Coke
state pl.,h • /ad b/ad dhtlllotion OJl"Utiona Freeh_feed__ ~~ _____!llro~_ crecJ(!_ng rertnlnq tre~ __ _tion iaot~~erlzation Lwoa Asphalt Ott:rd) (t/d)
Alab•• 24,0}9 151,218 J1,500 2J,500 n,ooo 38,000 26,500

Alaaka 21,526 1l5,410 10,000 7,500 10,000 6,000
.\rlz:ona 1 1,0}} 6,500 l,OOO
A.rk.,aea 4 10,675 67,150 26,100 15,000 500 10,000 15,)00 4,500 },950 8,250
California 4} 404,JOJ 2,769,725 1,188,100 459,68} 549,000 60,200 578, 7}8 JJ1,722 J69,000 8J4,866 95,644 10,500 21,570 82,100 8J7 7
0 16,6}6
Colorado } 10,254 64,500 27,500 J,JOO 7,000 500 19,000 20,200 J,JOO 0.6 180
Delaware 2),8116 1:50,000 90,100 44,000 62,000 15,000 U,OOO 20,000 110,000 8,000 J,595 72.0 1,SOO
Florida 1,016 44,51) 8,000
Georgie 5,087 )2,000 17,500
Hawaii 19,955 125,526 28,000 22,000 12,000 15,500 4,500 1,500 1,JOO 2.5
llllnoia 11 202,544 1,274,104 429,499 1}),600 449,110 88,640 )19,671 66,500 JJ,OOO 582,75J 107,098 7,)00 5,600 51,000 95.5 5,210
lnd!.-.a 10},20) 649,200 285,500 2),000 212,000 12,700 12J,700 22),660 JO,OOO 21,200 8,900 55,400 1,200
K.-.aaa 11 n,090 484,9)) 143,710 50,000 117,550 46,150 121,400 ),200 44,500 175,400 50,400 J,400 5,400 21,000 1,855
Kentucky 4 40,219 2:5),000 118,000 4,000 70,000 21,000 49,000 40,000 100,500 11,000 18,500 5,000 JJ,500 20.0
Loulal.-a 411,lot4 56,9BJ 461,71} 7J.O
ltarylond
Nichigon
" 4,886
21,9)1
2,587,555
JO,ll6
1J7,594
874,542
"·JOO
26,000
215,6H 876,617
4J,OOO 6,100 )4,400

82,200 216,500
12,500
602,910
}9,700
162,188
7,500
36,500 30,600 56,100
11,300
0,650
6,930
Hinneaota )5,75) 224,905 121,000 v.ooo 85,500 7,900 l4,600 69,000 78,800 14,400 1\9,000 14.0 1,JOO
Niaaiaaippi 62,827 )95,214 15B,JOO 1,000 71,200 6,860 95,400 68,000 56,000 5J,4SO 14,400 6,000 10,400 109.0 J20
~
Miaaouri 17,646 111,000 40,000 n,500 42,000 12,000 16,000 61,500 5,000 6,500 800
N Jt»nt..-.a 6 25,75) 162,000 51,100 10,000 50,ioo 14,700 44,200 4,900 14,000 97,550 10,200 .,600 11\,1\50 16.7 JIO
Nebr..SCa 979 6,160 2,400 2,400 500 750
Nevada 715 4,500 l,OOO
New Hatpehlre 2,115 1),684
Melt Jeraey 11l,l26 711,878 )47,9~1 15,944 2)1,444 46,,, 79,944 110,000 J25,04J 11,1H 28,000 7,500 98,000 975
NewHedco 19,266 121,190 21,900 1,500 18,200 5,620 25,750 )1,050 2,940 J,100
New York 2),159 145,684 4J,OOO 42,000 12,900 2l,OOO 20,000 }9,SOO 2,000 7,000 10,500
'*-rlh Carollna 1,9)6 12,495
North Dakota 10,842 68,200 1,100 26,000 5,200 12,500 n,500 2,800 500
llhlo 97,926 616,000 208,500 27,400 205,500 4),)00 170,700 81,000 l4,500 112,500 "·800 10,900 2,100 }1,800 72.0 1,250
Okl"'-• 12 91,519 588,281 194,76) 71,866 206,700 )2,400 127,222 5,000 26,000 158,277 47,7H 16,J05 9,800 211,600 10.0 1,750
Oregon 2,510 15,789 16,000 11 ,soo
Pemayl van! a 9 124,458 782,900 JJt,8ro 216,)00 ZJ,JOO 2JZ,900 55,000 182,000 H1,600 4J,900 9,900 27,700 30,000 48.5
lenneaaee 7,869 49,500 12,000 JO,OOO 11,000 9,}00 29,500 J,600 l,SOO
Texas 59 866,619 5,,.51,461 1,804,904 J94,588 1,555,565 27),899 1,175,109 1}9,666 871,000 2,150,597 251,698 254,220 91,522 62,800 n2.0 6,975
utah 8 27,449 172,668 45,500 8,500 54,000 11,660 2J,200 1,100 5,500 JJ,600 11,150 J,750 4,700 )50
Virginia 8,74) 55,000 29,000 15,000 28,000 5,000 9,500 26,500 875
W-inqton 65,157 409,867 164,015 )8,000 94,8)) 28,999 112,722 46,000 20,500 172,165 25,JH 2,900 6,500 62.0 2,910
WBat Yirglnla ),672 2J,100 10,875 6,400 7,800 6,600 1.2
Wisconsin 7,440 46,800 20,500 9,700 1,000 10,000 5,800 10,000 1,700 H,500
Wyo!oing 1J l4,590 217,589 74,650 1J,444 77,417 19,2)) )1,094 16,644 6J,J94 7,950 1,500 1,8JO 14,016 125
TOTI.l JOJ J,079,)}J 19,no,529 6,996,&ro 1,600,058 5,531 .1~6 870,517 4,051,_,9 911,788 2,159,444 6,625,115 979,567 "8,070 240,512 174,266 1,766.1 51 ,4S1
lllTES1
•'/ad - etblc 118tera per atre•-day

b/ad - barrel• per Blre•-d•y
TABLE III"'!3
1980 Consumption of Petroleum Products
Products 1980 Consumption 1 Million Cubic Meters Per Daz
(Million Barrels Per Daz)
Motor Gasoline 1.05 (6.6)
Aviation Fuels 0.17 (1.1)
Distillate Fuel Oil 0.46 (2.9)
Residual Fuels 0.40 (2.5)
All Other Products 0.62 (3.9)
Total Consumption 2.70 (17.0)
Source - DOE Monthly Energy Review
43
TABLE III-4
Sources of Supply for u.s. Petroleum Feedstocks
Supply, Million Barrels Per Day
Source 1980 1985 (Projected)
Domestic Crude Oil Production 8.6 7.9
Domestic Natural Gas Liquids 1.6 1.4

Crude OU Imports 5.2 5.1
Residual Fuel Imports .9
1.1
Other Imports .7
Exports (.5) (.1)
Micellaneous Sources! .5
- .4
Total Supply 17 .o 15.8
1 processing gain, stock change, etc.

Sources - 1980 - DOE Monthly Energy Review
1985 (Projected) - DOE Annual Report to Congress EIA/1980 - low
price scenario
44
TABLE III-5 Page 1 of 3
Characteristics of Crude Oils from Major Fields Around the World
Country Gravity, APl Sulfur, Percent Nitrogen, Percent

Abu Dhabi
Murban 39.4 0.74
Algeria
Baasi Messaoud 44.7 0.13
canada
Alberta
Bonnie Glen 34 - 44 0.25
Golden Spike 36 - 39 0.23
Judy Creek 42 - 43
Pembina 32 - 37 0.42
Swan Bills 41 o.ao
Saakatchewan
Midale 28 - 32 1.89
Weyburn 24 - 33 2.12
Indonesia
Minas 35.2 0.09
trag
Basrah Light 33.9 2.08
Libya
Brega 40.4 0.21
Mexico
lleforma 33.0 1 •.56
Maya 22.0 3.4
Norway
Ekofisk 36.3 0.21
Saudi Arabia 27 - 39 1.0 - 2.8
United States
Alaska
Cook Inlet 36 0.1
Prudhoe Bay 26 .a 1.04
Arkansas
Smackover 22.2 2.10 0.080
45
TAiilE UI-5 Page 2 of 3
Country Gravl t;t 1 API Sulfur 1 Percent Nltro9en 1 Percent

California
Elk Hi lis 22r5 0.68 0.472
Huntington Beach 22.6 1".57 0.048
Kern River 12.6 1.19 0.604
Hldway-Sunset 22.6 0.94
San Ardo 11. 1 2.25 o.gn
Wilmington 22.1 1.44
Colorado
Rangely 34.8 0.56 0.073
l<olnsas
Bemis Shutts 34.6 0.57 0.162
Louisiana
Bayou Sale 36.2 0.16
Caillou lsi. 35.4 0.23 0.040
Go Iden Headaw 37.6 0.18
Grand Bay 35 0.31
Lake Barre 40.4 o. 14 0.02
Lake Washington 28.2 0.3·7 0.146
West Bay 32.1 0.27 0.071
Bay Harchand B1k. 2 20 •.2 0.46
Hain Pass Blk. 69 30.6 0.25 0.098
South Pass Blk. 24 32.3 0.26 0.068
South Pass Blk. 27 35.6 0..18 0.069
Tlmballer Bay 34.4 0.33 0.081
West Delta Blk. 30 27 0.33 0.09
Hlsslssippi
Baxtervi lie 17.1 2.. 71 0.111
New Hexico
Vacuwa' 35 0.95 0.075
Oklahoma
Golden Trend 42.1 0.11
Texas
Anahuac 33.2 0.23 0.041
Conroe 37.6 0.15
Diamond H 45.'+ 0.20
Eut Texas 39.4 0.32
Hastings 31.0 0.15 0.02
Hawkins 26.8 2.19 0.076
Headlee 51.1 <o.1o 0.083
Ke II y Snyder 38.6 0.29 0.066
Lev~lland 31.1 2.12 0.136
Hldland Farms 39.6 0.13 0.080
Panhandle 40.4' 0.55 0.067
Seeliason 41.3 <O.IO 0.014
46
TABLE III-5 Page 3 of 3
Country Gravitz 1 APl Sulfur 1 Percent Nitrosen 1 Percent
tom O'Connor 31.1 0.16 0.03

Wasson 31.9 1.40 0.47
Webster 29.3 0.21 0.046
Yates 30.2 1.54 0.150
Utah
Aneth 40.4 0.20 0.059
Venezuela
Boacan 10.3 5.53
tia Juana Medium 24.0 1.6
Lagomedio 32.6 1.23
47
TABLE 111-6
Trend in Domestic Petroleum Refining from 1975 to 1981

(Fifty States)
Percent
January 1, 197~ January 1, __1_981 Change
Crude Capacity, bbl/CD 14,737,139 18,119,160 +23
Total Companies 140 190 +36
Total Refineries 263 316 +20

~
CX>
Refineries with Capacity )100 Hbb1/CD 46 53 +15
Refineries with Capacity <35 Hbbl/CD 144 181 +26
Total Capacity of All )100 Hbb1/CD 8,762,400 11,043,400 +26

Refineries
Average Refinery Capacity, bbl/CD 56,035 57,339 +2
Sources: DOE Annual Survey, EIA - 0111 (81)

DOl Bureau of Hines Annual Survey (1975)
TABLE III- 7 Page 1 of 6
LIST OF PROCESSES IDENTIFIED FROM THE 1977 INDUSTRY SURVEY
BY EPA PROCESS NUMBER
Number of
Refineries
General Processes Using Process
1. Atmospheric Crude Distillation MBD 246

2. Crude Desalting MBD 191
3. Vacuum Crude Distillation MBD 163
4. Visbreaking MBD 11
s. Thermal Cracking MBD 18
6. Fluid Catalytic Cracking MBD 118
7. Moving Bed Cataly(iJ Cracking MBD 20
a. H2S04 AlkylatiGQ) a MBO 59
9. HF Alkylation \ MBD 65
10. Hydrocracking (b) MBD 38
11. Hydroprocessing (b) MBO 122
12. Catalytic Reforming MBD 166
13. Catalytic Polymerization MBD 36
14. Aromatic Petrocbemicals Production MBD 37
15. Delay Coking \C) MBD 45
16. Fluid Coking MBD 6
17. Isomerization MBD 19
18. Asphalt Production (d) MBD 104
19. Eliminated MBD
20. Eliminated MBD
Lube Oil Processes
21. Hydrofining, Hydroffnishing, Lube MBD 19
Hydrofining (b)
22. White Oil Manufacture MBD 6
23. Propane Dewaxing, Propane Deasphalting MBD 25
Propane Fractioning, Propane Deresining
24. Duo Sol, Solvent Treating, Solvent MBD 10
Extraction, Duotreating, Solvent
Dewaxing, Solvent Deasphalt
25. Lube Vac Twr, Oil Fractionation, Batch MBD 26
Still (Naphtha Strip), Bright Stock
Treating
26. Centrifuge &Chilling MBD 4
27. MEK Dewaxing, Ketone Dewaxing, MBD 24
MEK-Toluene Dewaxing
28. Deoiling (Wax) MBD 11
29. Naphthenic Lube Production MBD 10
30. S02 Extraction MBD 3
31. See Other Processes MBD
32. See Other Processes MBO
33. See Other Processes MBD
34. Wax Pressing MBD 2
35. Wax Plant (with Neutral Separation) MBD 2
36. Furfural Extracting MBD 16
37. Clay Contacting - Percolation MBD 19
38. Wax Sweating MBD 5
39. Acid Treat MBD 6
40. Phenol Extraction MBD 11
49
TABLE II I - 7 Page 2 of 6
Treating and Finishing
41. Bender Treating MBD 33
42. Petreco Locap Gasoline Sweetening MBD 2
43. Asphalt Oxidizing (d) MBD 49
44. Caustic of KOH Treating, For ~xample: MBD 162
Caustic of KOH Treating for: H2S,
Mercaptan, Cresylic Acid, Naphthenic
Acid, PWS MEA for COS Removal, etc.
45. Water Wash MBD 99
46. Mercapfining, Pentane Mercapfining MBD 2
47. Merox Treating (i.e., Liquid-Liquid MBD 114
Extraction, Liquid-Liquid Sweetening,
and Fixed Bed)
48. C3 &C4 Scrubbing, Girbitol Treating MBD 46
49. Linde Process (Charge) MBD 7
so. Doctor Treating MBD 17
51. Sulfuric Acid Treating MBD 10
52. Unisol Treating MBD 2
53. SO~ Treating MBD 3
54. Hy rotreating (b) MBD 62
55. Perco (Copper Chloride), Copper Slurry MBD 25
56. Inhibitor Sweeting MBD 44
57. KCr MBD 1
58. Clay Treating, Bauxite Treating MBD 93
59. Hypochlorite Sweetening MBD 4
60. Salt Brightening or Drying MBD 87
61. Sulfinol MBD 3
62. Unclassified Treating and Finishing MBD 9
(Charge)
Petrochemicals
63. Isobutane Production MBD 16
64. Carbon Black Feedstock Production MBD 4
65. Heptene Production MBD 2
66. Sulfolane Process (Charge) MBD 5
67. OxoAlcohol MBO 1
68. Naphthalene Production MBD 1
69. Butadiene MBD 3
70. Aliphatics MBD 8
71. Cumene (Charge) MBD 10
72. Paraxylene (Charge) MBD 7
73. Xylene Fractionation (Charge) MBD 11
74. Polypropene, Polyisobutylene, Poly MBO 8
Feed Preparation, Trimer-Tetramer
Production
75. ·Phenol, Oxonation Additives Mfg., MBD 4
Polystyrene Resin, Lube Oil Depressant
Production
76. Eliminated MBD
71. Cresylic Acid MBD 2
78. Styrene Production MBD 2
79. Naphthenic Acid MBD 5
80. Alpha Olefins MLBD 1
81. Nitric Acid STD 1
82. Phtahalic Anhydride Production MBD 2
50
TABLE III -7 Page 3 of 6
83. Butyl Rubber MLSO 1
84. Polypropylene MBO 2
85. Cyclohexane Production MBO 8
86. Solvent Hydrotreater (b) MBD 7
87. Hexane-Heptane Unit MBO 1
88. Unclassified Petrochemicals MBD 7
Other Processes
31. Feed Preparation MBD 1
32. 200°F Softening Point Unfluxed Asphalt MBD 5
(d)
33. Compounding MBD 29
89. Asphalt Emulsifying (d) MBD 30
90. Sulfur Recovery, Sulfur Production {f) LTD 82
91. Hydrogen, Reformer Feed Prep, Steam MBO 37
Methane Reformer, Partial Oxidation
(Liquid Units) (g)
92. Gas Plant (Liquid Units) (g) MBO
93. DEA Treating and Other Amine Treating MBD 37
Systems (Liquid Charge) (h) 59
94. C02 Recovery, C02 Production MLBO 7
95. Furfural MBO 0
96. Dubbs Pitch MBO 1
97. Solvent DecarbonizinJ MBO 7
98. Hydrodemethylation(b MBO 5
99. Catalyst Manufacture STD 3
100. Gasoline Additives Production MBO 2
101. Linear Paraffins MBO 1
102. Butadiene Concentration MBD 0
103. Nonene Production MBO 4
104. Ammonia Plants Production(e) MLBD 6
500. Light Ends Recovery MBD 7
501. Misc. Fractionation and Distillation MBD 10
502. Incineration MLBH 4
503. Sulfuric Acid Plant STD 5
504. Sodium Hydrosulfide MBO 1
505. Coke Calciner STD 0
506. Lube and Fuel-Additives MBO 5
508. Sulfonate Plant MBD 1
509. Marasol Splitter MBO 1
510. Aromatic Hydrogenation MBO 1
511. Aromatic Vacuum Unit MBO 1
512. Sour Concetrate Unifiner MBD 1
513. Naphtha Splitter MBO 4
514. Naphtha Unifining MBD 1
518. lsobutylene MLBO 2
519. NEJ< MBD 1
520. Secondary Butyl Alcohols MBO 1
521. Mesityl Oxide MBO 1
522. MIBK MBO 1
523. lsophorone MBD 1
524. SNG MBD 1
525. Petroleum Pitch MBO 1
526. Hydroa 1ky 1at ion of Aromatics MBO 1
528. Naphtha Rerun MBO 2
529. Wax Slabbing MBO 3
531. Rust Preventives MBD 1
51
TABLE II I - 7 Page 4 of 6
532. Petrolatum Oxidation MBO 1
533. Calcium Chloride Drying MBO 2
534. LPG MBO 6
535. Fuels Deasphalting MBO 1
536. Ethylene MLBO 2
537. Resin Former Stock MBD 1
539. Rerun Units MBO 4
540. Mineral Spirits MBO 3
541. Udex MLBO 4
542. Oiallylamine MLBO 1
544. Ethyl Amyl Ketone MLBO 1
545. Ionol Antioxidant MLBO 1
546. Tertiary Butyl Alcohol MLBO 1
547. Naphthenic Acids MLBO 1
548. Octyl Formal Alkylate MLBO 1
549. Octyl Formal Condensate MLBO 1
550. Perma 16 MLBD 1
551. Polyisobutylene Chloride MLBD 1
552. Automotive Spec Detergent MLBD 1
553. Pentoxone MLBD 1
554. Sodium Sulfonates MLBD 1
555. Tertiary Butyl Toluene MLBD 1
556. TBBA - Caustic Extraction MLBD 1
557. TBBA- Precipitation MLBD 1
558. Tergols MLBD 1
559. Dehydrating MBD 1
560. Desiccant Manufacture STD 1
562. Oxidate Manufacture MBD 1
563. Grease Mfg. v. Allied Products MBD 3
564. Tertiary Amylenes MBD 1
565. Scot Tail Gas t+1SCFD 2
566. Propylene MSD 6
567. Acetone MBO 3
568. Misc. Blending and Packaging MBO 4
569. Hydrogen, Reformer Feed Prep, Steam t+1SCFD 27
Methane Reformer, Partial Oxidation
(Gas Units) {g)
570. Gas Plant (Gas Units) (g)
~SCFO 20
571. DEA and Other Amine Treating Systems ~SCFD 41
(Gas Charge) (h)
Number of plants responding to survey 262
52
TABLE I I I - 7 Page 5 of 6
!!lli!!.
(a) Process Nos. 20 and 76 have been eliminated to avoid multiple account-
ing of process rates. Capacities and rates previously assigned to
these processes have been included wth Process Nos. 8 and 9, where
applicable.
(b) Multiple accounting of process rates may have occurred in the original
survey response for the following hydrogen processes:
10. Hydrocracking 54. Hydrotreating
11. Hydroprocessing 86. Solvent Hydrotreater
21. Hydrofining, Hydrofinishing 98. Hydrodemethylation
Lube Hydrofining
Revised values for Process Nos. 10 and 11 include only capacities and
rates which cannot be included in the other four processes. Process
No. 11 should include hydrotreating of upstream feedstocks (i.e.,
hydrodesulfurization of catalytic reformer feed}, while Process No. 54
should include hydrotreating of product.
(c) To obtain consistent units of 1000 barrels/day, reported charge rates
to Process No. 15 have been converted as follows:
tons/day x 0.00667 • 1000 barrels/day
(d) To avoid multiple accounting of process rates, asphalt processes have
been specifically revised to include the following:
18. Asphalt Production 43. Asphalt Oxidizing
32. 200°F Softening Point 89. Asphalt Emulsifying
Unfluxed Asphalt
Reported capacities and rates have been reassigned to the appropriate
process.
(e) Multiple accounting of process rates occurred in the original response
for Process Nos. 19 and 104. To resolve this problem, Process No. 19
has been eliminated and the capacities and rates previously included
there have been ~assigned to Process No. 104.
(f) To obtain consistent units of long tons/day, reported values for
Process No. 90 have been converted (using specific gravity of 1.803)
as follows:
1000 barrels/day X 282 • long tons/day
(g) Rates for Process Nos. 91 and 92 are in liquid units, while rates in
gaseous units for the same processes are included in Nos. 569 and 570.
(h) Liquid charge rates have been included in Process No. 93 for all amine
treating (DEA, MEA, etc), while gas charge rates have been assigned to
Process No. 571.
Unit Abbreviations:
MBD - thousand barrels per day
MLBO - thousand pounds per day
53
TABLE Ill -7 Page 6 of 6
STD - short tons per day

LTD - long tons per day
MLBH - thousand pounds per hour
MMSCFD - million standard cubic feet per day
54
'l'ABLB III - 8
Qualitative Bvaluation of wastewater Flow an4 Cbaracteriatica

by runa...ntal Refinerl Processes
Production Bllulsified
Proce•••• ~ BOD COD J.lbenol ~ Oil Oil I!!! .!!!£· ~ia Chloride Aciditl Alkalinity Suap. Solids
Crud~ oil and
Product Storage XX ll XXX X XXX XX 0 0 0 0 XX
Crude Desalting XX XX XX X XXX X XXX X XXX XX XXX 0 X XXX
Crude Distil-
lation XXX ll X XX ll:XX XX XXX X XX XXX X 0 X X
•
'l'ber•al Cracking X X X X X X XX XX X X 0 XX X
Catalytic Cracking XXX XX XX XXX XXX X X XXX XX XXX X 0 XXX X
8ydrocracking X XX XX XX XX
PolY!Mr hatton X X X 0 X X 0 X X X X X 0 X
Alkylation XX X X 0 XX X 0 XX X X XX XX 0 XX
Iao.erhation X
Ul
Ul
Refor•ing X 0 0 X X X 0 0 X X 0 0 0 0
Solvent Refining X X X 0 ll X 0 0 X
Asphalt Blowing XXX XXX XXX X XXX
Devaxing X XXX XXX X 0 X 0
Bydrotreating X X X XX 0 XX XX 0 0 X 0
Drying and
s-etening XXX XXX X XX 0 0 X XX 0 X 0 X X XX
XXX • Major Contribution, XX • Moderate Contribution, X • Minor Contribution, 0 • Insignificant Blank • No Data
3
3
0
3
11 1
01
C'l 7 12 4
Alaska - 4
Hawa11 - 2
FIGURl 111-1
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PETROLEUM REFINERIES
IN THE UNITED STATES. AS OF JANUARY 1. 1981
PROCESS
WAiER ..._r "\ .., ELECTRICAL
PO\IER
I
I
I
I
I
r-- ALTERtiATEI
I
'-
, ,....,
DESALTED
CRUDE
(J'1
........
UNREFitJEO
CRUDE
I
~ . EFFLUEtJT
WATER
HEATER EHUL 51 FIER
FIGURE III-2
CRUDE DESALTING
(ELECTROSTATIC DESALTING)
.ltMOtpherlc
f roct lonator
VacuUIII lubt
Jublthsc fuct lonato[
Gat
,,,,...
To VacuUIII
Gas 011
Ught lube
Had. lub1
Hvy. lube
~
f lather
To Vacu&n
(.TJ Syu ...
co
Stebllhd
Gasoline
Propane Deas~halter Feed

--
Asphalt
Crude
Petrola&n
Desalter
FIGURE lii-3
CRUDE FRACTIONATION
lt"IUtnli! niS'I'IT·LATION- THREE STAGES\
GAS AND GASOliNE TO
GAS CONCENTRATION PlANT
HAIN COlUHN
CATAlYST liGHT CYClE GAS Oil
STRIPPER
PRESSURE
REOUC lNG
ORIFICE
CHAHBER
Ul
1.0
FlUE GAS STEAH1

GENERATOR REGENERATOR
' LDHDU' I I
1
RAW OIL
I SlURRY CHARGE
RAW OIL
CHARGE
FIGURE 111-4
CATALYTIC CRAC~ING
(FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING)
SECTION IV
INDUSTRY SUBCATEGORIZATION
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this section of the development document is to
evaluate distinguishing refinery features which may require
subclassification of the industry. Included here is a
description of the selected subcategories, along with a
discussion of the purpose and basis of this selection. The
following items are addressed in the discussion of selection
"purpose and basis":
the Flow Model for 1974 Regulation;
the Flow Model Used for Proposed 1979 Regulation; and
the Refined Flow Model.
SELECTED SUBCATEGORIES
Subcategorization of the petroleum refining industry was
evaluated with respect to the traditional factors used to assess
industries. However, the complexity of refining facilities (over
150 distinct processes are used in this industry} makes
traditional subcategorization infeasible. Instead, the Agency
used mathematical models that correlate achievable effluent flow
with process variables as the basis for subcategorization. In
the development of the 1974 regulations, the Agency found that
the industry can be divided into five discrete subcategories:
o Topping Refineries
o Cracking Refineries
o Petrochemical Refineries
o Lube Refineries
o Integrated Refineries
The 1974 modeling effort developed five mathematical flow models
which represented the best fit for those refineries within each
subcategory. The models calculated discrete factors for refinery
size, process configuration, and allowable wasteload which
grouped the refineries within a subcategory in increments of
production capacity and process configuration.
Data collected for the 1976 industry characterization work
indicated that many refineries were making substantial
improvements to their wastewater management systems. The 1976
data base sampled twice the number of refineries that contributed
to the 1974 flow modeling effort.
61
In 1976 the u.s. Court of Appeals upheld the 1974 BPT and NSPS
regulations, but remanded the more stringent BAT regulations {the
1974 BAT limitations were calculated using the 1974 flow model).
Analysis of the expanded 1976 data base suggested that an
alternative modeling approach which treated each refinery as an
individual was possible to support a more stringent regulation.
The flow model for the 1979 proposed regulation consisted of a
single flow model capable of treating each refinery, essentially,
as a separate subcategory. This model would calculate the
industry average wastewater generation for any combination of
processes. The petroleum refining industry found certain
mathematical and conceptual discrepancies in the 1979 flow model
which were reconciled with the "refined" flow model. This single
model, in. its final revised form, could serve as the basis for
developing more stringent limitations tailored to each refinery's
wastewater management potential as compared to industry average
performance. The refined flow model resulted in possible BAT
effluent limitations only slightly less stringent than those
calculated by the 1979 flow model.
Recent· analyses by the Agency of the actual performance of
properly operated BPT technology treating refinery wastewaters
has concluded that these refineries are providing adequate
control of non-conventional and toxic priority pollutants. EPA
is establishing the effluent limitations based upon BPT
technology which was upheld in the U.S. Court of Appeals. The
pollutant load factors calculated by using the 1974 model,
achievable concentrations and variability factors insure adequate
treatment.
PURPOSE ~ BASIS Q[ SELECTION

Section 304{b){2)(B) of the Act requires EPA to take the
following factors into account in assessing best available
technology: (a) age of equipment and facilities involved, (b)
the process used, (c) the engineering aspects of applying various
types of control technology, (d) process changes, {e) the cost of
achieving such effluent reduction, (f) non-water-quality
environmental impacts (including energy requirements), and (g)
other factors that the Administrator deems appropriate. The
assessment for best conventional pollutant control technology
includes these factors plus an evaluation of " ... the
reasonableness of the relationship between the costs of attaining
a reduction in effluents and the effluent reduction benefits
derived, and the comparison of the cost and level of reduction of
such pollutants from the discharge from publicly owned treatment
works to the cost and level of reduction of such pollutants from
a class or category of industrial sources .•.. ".
The Agency . considered each factor in establishing effluent
limitations for this industry. Factors that significantly
differentiate groups of facilities generally serve as the basis
62
for industry subcategorization. Each subcategory then develops
its own technologies representative of BAT, BCT, or BADT.
In developing BAT, the Agency analyzed each of the statutory
factors to determine whether they significantly affect the
ability of any group of refineries to meet uniform limitations.
None of the factors were found to significantly affect the
ability of refineries to meet effluent concentrations. The
effluent flow, however, is significantly dependent on the
processes used. Information compiled since the 1974 regulation
supports this assessment. The long-term effluent study that is
described in Section V of this report confirms that the BPT
concentrations can be achieved by refineries regardless of age,
process, and engineering aspects of applying various types of
control technology. The revised flow model that is described in
this section indicates that flow is dependent on the processes
used.
In determining the flow to use in developing quantitative
effluent guidelines, the Agency used mathematical models that
correlate effluent flow with process variables. A brief
description of each model is provided below:
!12! Model ~ 111! Regulation
Current BPT limitations for the refining industry are based on a
linear model of industry effluent flows. This BPT model was
developed using process and flow data from the 1972 EPA-API
industry survey and appears as:
'l • A2+ A!X! + A2X2
With components,
'l • Log!Q (total flow/capacity)
A2 • Subcategory dependent constant
Al,A2 • Regression coefficient constants (1.51 and
- - 0.0738, respectively)
X! • Refinery throughput
X~ • Sum of weighting factors for a particular
refinery.
For the development of BPT regulations, the equation was
mathematically transformed from the standard slope-intercept
representation shown above to a form denoting deviation from a
subcategory average value. The refinery process weighting
factors are the normalized coefficients of the regression model:
Z • Ao + L"
\•1
A.!,Xi
63
where
Z = effluent flow
A2 = regression constant
Ai • regression constant (weighting factor)
corresponding to the ith petroleum refining
process.
Xi • throughput for process i.
BPT subcategorization was designed to give overall minimum
variance to the system; i.e., variance within each subcategory
was minimized and the differences between the subcategories were
maximized. A more detailed discussion of this flow model is
found in the 1974 development document (3).
The model adopted for the· 1974 regulation subcategorizes the

industry into five groups: topping, cracking, petrochemical,
lube, and integrated refineries. The model estimates the flow
from each refinery in units of gallons of wastewater per thousand
barrels of crude throughput. Refineries in the United States and
its territorial possessions fall into one of the following five
subcategories:
Subcategory Basic Refinery Operations Included
Topping Topping and catlytic reforming whether or not
the facility includes any other process in
addition to topping and catalytic reforming.
This subcategory is not applicable to
facilities which include thermal processes
(coking, visbreaking, etc.) or catalytic
cracking.
Cracking Topping and cracking, whether or not the
facility includes any processes in addition to
topping and cracking, unless specified in one
of the subcategories listed below.
Petrochemical Topping, cracking and petrochemical
operations, whether or not the facility
includes any process in addition to topping,
cracking and petrochemical operations,* except
lube oil manufacturing operations.
Lube Topping, cracking and lube oil
manufacturing processes, whether or not the
64
facility includes any process in addition to
topping, cracking and lube oil manufacturing
processes, except petrochemical operations.*
Integrated Topping, cracking, lube oil manufacturing
processes, and petrochemical operations,
whether or not the facility includes any
processes in addition to topping, cracking,
lube oil manufacturing processes and
petrochemical operations.*
*The term "petrochemical operations" shall mean the production of
second generation petrochemicals (i.e., alcohols, ketones,
cumene, styrene, etc) or first generation petrochemicals and
isomerization products (i.e., BTX, olefins, cyclohexane, etc.)
when 15\ or more of refinery production is as first generation
petrochemicals and isomerization products.
;, t
In the recent toxics review program, the Agency reassessed the

1974 flow model in light of the more current data from the 1977
Survey for the purpose of determining achievable flow reduction.
~ Model ~ For Proposed li!! Regulation
The Agency analyzed the refining industry's discharge flow for
the year 1976. Data Collected for the 1976 industry survey
indicated that many refineries were making substantial
improvements to their wastewater management systems. The
expanded data bas~ (including approximately twice the number of
refineries covered in the 1972 data base) was suitable for the
development of an alternate modeling approach. In general, the
industry reduced discharge flow significantly between 1972 (BPT
data base) and 1976. A revised mathematical model was developed
that more closely described the industry flow of 1976.
This model differed from the BPT flow models in that it is
additive in form as opposed to the multiplicative form of the BPT
model. Also, a single flow model includes all refineries
compared to a separate model ~or each subcategory.
This model was used in the proposed regulation for the petroleum
refining guidelines of December 1979 and it takes the following
form:
FLOW • 0.004C + 0.046K + 0.048 (A+ L).
Flow is in units of million gallons per day. A,C,K,L are in
units of thousands of barrels per day throughput. Constants are
in units of million gallons per thousand barrels per day.
Where,
A • sum of asphalt processes
65
Asphalt Production
Asphalt Oxidizer
Asphalt Emulsifying
K • sum of cracking processes
Hydrocracking
Visbreaking
Thermal Cracking
Fluid Catalytic Cracking
Moving Bed Catalytic Cracking
C • sum of crude processes
Atmospheric Crude Distillation
Crude Desalting
Vacuum Crude Distillation
L • sum of lube processes
Hydrofining, Hydrofinishing, Lube Hydrofining
White Oil Manufacture
Propane Dewaxing, Propane Deasphalting, Propane Fractioning,
Propane Deresining
Duo Sol, Solvent Treating, Solvent Extraction, Duotreating,
Solvent Dewaxing, Solvent Deasphalt
Lube Vac Twr, Oil Fractionation, Batch Still (Naphtha Strip),
Bright Stock Treating
Centrifuge and Chilling
MEK Dewaxing, Ketone Dewaxing, MEK-Toluene Dewaxing
Deoiling (wax) ,
Naphthenic Lubes Production
S02 Extraction
wax Pressing
Wax Plant (with Neutral Separation)
Furfural Extracting
Clay Contacting - Percolation
Wax Sweating
Acid Treat
Phenol Extraction
Lube and Fuel Additives
Sulfonate Plant
MIBK
Wax Slabbing
Rust Preventives
Petrolatum Oxidation
Grease Mgf. v. Allied Products
Misc. Blending and Packaging
The model for the 1979 proposal does not classify refineries into
discrete subcategories. Instead, it estimates the flow from each
in-plant process. Regulation based on this model would provide
allocation which would equal the summation of the loading
calculated for each of the process throughputs.
66
Refined f!2! Model
Significant industry comments questioned the technical accuracy
and statistical validity of the model as applied to all petroleum
refineries in the industry. In response, the Agency refined the
flow model for the 1979 proposal to consider those factors.
The resulting model is the following:
FLOW = 0.0021C + 0.0127A + 0.0236K + 0.0549L + 0.0212R
Where:
FLOW • Net Process Wastewater in million gallons/day
c • Sum of Crude Process Rates in 1000 bbl/day
A • Sum of Asphalt Process· Rates in 1000 bbl/day
K • Sum of Cracking and Coking Process rates in 1000 bbl/day
L • Sum of Lube Process Rates in 1000 bbl/day
R • Sum of Reforming and Alkylation Process Rates in 1000 bbl/day
and where:
Crude Processes are defined as:
P1, P2, and P3
Asphalt Processes are defined as:
P18, P32, P43,and P89
Cracking and Coking Processes are defined as:
P4, PS, P6, P7, P10, P15, P16, and P54
Lube Processes are defined as:
P21, to P30 and P34 to P40
Reforming and Alkylation Processes are defined as:
PB and P12
In accordance with the EPA process identification numbers for
the following refinery processes:
1. Atmospheric Crude Distillation
2. Crude Desalting
3. Vacuum Crude Distillation
4. Visbreaking
5. Thermal Cracking
6. Fluid Catalytic Cracking
7. Moving Bed Catalytic Cracking
8. H2S04 Alkylation
10. Hydrocracking
12. Catalytic Reforming
67
15. Delayed Coking
16. Fluid Coking
18. Asphalt production
21. Hydrofining, Hydrofinishing, Lube Hydrofining
30. so2 Extraction
32. 200 OF Softening Point Unfluxed Asphalt
34. Wax Pressing
40. Phenol Extraction
43. Asphalt Oxidizing
54. Hydrotreating
89. Asphalt Emulsifying
Similar to the model for the 1979 proposal, the allocation for
each refinery would be equal to the sum of the loading for each
of the in-plant processes.
The methodology utilized to develop this model as well as a
complete evaluation of model performance is contained in the
Burns and Roe report "Draft, ·Petroleum Refining Industry,
Refinements to 1979 Proposed Flow Model and Supplemental
Documentation" (164).
This flow model is different and significantly better than the
one used for the proposed regulations of December 1979. This
model incorporates statistical improvements as well as updated
information. It should be noted that the refined model provides
allocation for Coking, Reforming and Alkylation processes.
Allocation was not provided for these processes in the 1979
proposed flow model. Although Reforming and Alkylation are found
to influence discharge flow in the refined model, these processes
should not be considered in calculating BPT limitations because
the model developed for BPT is different. This is because the
wastewaters from these processes were· already considered in the
1974 BPT model, which generally predicts a higher flow rate than
the refined model.
The model evaluation study reaffirms the finding of the BPT
effort that the only refinery characteristics which should be
considered in the development of effluent limitations and
standards are the size and types of processes utilized at
individual refineries.
68
SECTION V
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this section is to describe the waste
characterization efforts undertaken and the results obtained by
the Agency in the development of the limitations and standards
which are addressed in this document. Refinery wastewater
characterization efforts are described here in two parts:
a) the concentration of pollutants; and
b) the rate of flow.
The Agency conducted several studies to determine the flow and
concentration of toxic, non-conventional, and conventional
pollutants from the petroleum refining industry. These studies
included extensive questionnaire surveys and sampling at
refineries of treated and untreated wastewater.
The Agency defined the industry's discharge flow practices by
distributing a questionnaire (1977) which requested information
on the quantity of wastewater generated and discharged. The
questionnaires were sent to all the refineries in the United
States and its territorial possessions. Information
representative of industry's production_and treatment practices
during 1976 was req·1ested.
Several major programs were implemented to define the presence of
toxics and other pollutants from the petroleum refining industry.
As required under the Consent Decree Agreement between EPA and
NRDC, the Agency was to determine whether control of the
discharge of 65 classes of toxic pollutants would be needed.
These 65 classes of toxic pollutants potentially included
thousands of specific compounds. The Agency in 1977 selected 123
toxic pollutants for analyses. This list of 123 is now expanded
to include 126 priority pollutants (PP). Most of the sampling
was conducted in 1977-78. Sampling and analytical methodologies,
including quality control and quality assurance procedures, were
not fine-tuned at that time to quantify low level toxics. The
results from these programs, however, were adequate to determine
the presence, absence and relative concentrations of toxic
pollutants.
Three major efforts were conducted. The first task was to
request data from the industry on: (a) toxic pollutants
purchased, manufactured, and analyzed in wastewater; and (b)
treatability data on toxic pollutants. The second program was to
sample 23 refineries and two POTW receiving refinery wastes for a
69
three day period. The third effort was to sample two refineries
for a period of 60 days to determine long-term wastewater
characteristics. The first two programs were conducted in 1977-
1978 while the third program was conducted in 1980. In general,
toxic pollutants were found in the untreated refinery wastes, but
most were reduced to very low levels after BPT treatment systems.
Details on each of these programs follow.
The Agency also compiled and analyzed one full year of self-
monitoring effluent data which was provided by 49 refineries for
the calendar year 1979. This data gathering effort was referred
to as "The Survey of 1979 Effluent Monitoring Data for the
Petroleum Refining Point Source Category."
CONCENTRATIONS Q[ TOXIC, CONVENTIONAL ~ HQ!-CONVENTIONAL

POLLUTANTS
The Agency directed three major efforts toward the
characterization of petroleum refinery wastewater quality: a
detailed questionnaire survey of the industry (1977 Survey); and
two wastewater sampling programs - one long-term and one short-
term. In addition, the Agency evaluated effluent monitoring data
for the calendar year 1979 reported by the 49 refineries.
1212 Survey
A comprehensive questionnaire was sent to all refineries in the
United States and its territorial possessions in 1977. The
questionnaire requested the following information: (1) chemicals
purchased or manufactured (final or intermediate) which contain
the 123 toxic pollutants; and (2) NPDES limitations on toxics
other than chromium. The list of 123 toxic pollutants was used
in the 1977 mailing and the following compounds were subsequently
added to form a list of 129 toxic pollutants:
o Di-n-octyl phthalate
o PCB 1221 (Arochlor 1221)
o PCB 1260 {Arochlor 1260)
o PCB 1016 {Arochlor 1016)
Since that time, three of the compounds in the original listing
have been removed from the list of priority pollutants leaving a
total of 126 pollutant compounds designated by the Agency (FR
10723, 2/4/81 and FR 2266, 1/8/81). The survey responses
indicated that 71 toxic pollutants were purchased as raw or
intermediate materials; 19 of these are purchased by single
refineries. At least 10 percent of all refineries purchase the
following toxic pollutants:
o Benzene
70
o Carbon tetrachloride
o 1,1,1-trichloroethane
o Phenol
o Toluene
o Zinc and compounds
o Chromium and compounds
o Copper and compounds
o Lead and compounds
Zinc and chromium are purchased by 28 percent of all refineries,
while lead is purchased by nearly 48 percent of all plants.
Forty-five priority pollutants are manufactured as final or
intermediate materials; 15 of these are manufactured at single
refineries. Benzene, ethylbenzene, phenol, and toluene are
manufactured by at least 10 percent of all refineries. Eight
percent of all refineries manufacture cyanides; greater than 20
percent manufacture benzene/toluene.
Short I!rm Sampling program
Since the data obtained from the 1977 Survey was limited with
respect to toxic pollutant data, the Robert s. Kerr Environmental
Research Laboratory (RSKERL} (an EPA Laboratory} and Burns and
Roe (an EPA contractor} conducted a three-day sampling program at
each of 17 direct discharging refineries. Table V-1 is a summary
of plant characteristics for these refineries. Table V-2 is a
comparison of plant characteristics of the 17 refineries sampled
versus the overall industry characteristics. The purpose of this
sampling program was to obtain more complete i~formation on the
occurrence of toxic pollutants in refinery waste streams. The
results of this program are presented in Tables V-3 through V-20.
The effluents from 6 indirect discharging refineries, which
discharge their wastewater to a POTW, were sampled by Burns and
Roe in a supplemental sampling program. The results of this
study are presented in Tables V-21 through V-26.
Samples were collected before and after the biological treatment
systems. In some instances, samples were taken after polishing
(i.e., polishing pond, sand filter}. The intake water was also
sampled to determine the presence of toxic pollutants before
contamination by refining processes.
Samples for conventional, nonconventional, and toxic pollutants
{except for volatile organics, total phenols, and cyanide} were
taken from 24-hour composite samples. The laboratory combined
aliquots from these samples in equal portions to obtain the
72-hour composites for toxic pollutant analysis {acid and
base-neutral extractible organics, pesticides, and metals). Grab
samples were taken in specially prepared vials for volatile
{purgeable) organics, total phenols and cyanide. Before plant
visits, sample containers were carefully washed and prepared by
71
appropriate methods, depending on the type of sample. Samples
were kept on ice for express shipment in insulated containers.
The analyses for toxic pollutants were performed according to
groups of chemicals and associated analytical schemes. Organic
toxic pollutants included volatile (purgeable), base-neutral and
acid (extractable) pollutants, and pesticides. Inorganic toxic
pollutants included heavy metals, cyanide, and asbestos.
The primary method used to screen and verify the volatiles,
base-neutral, and acid organics was gas chromatography (GC) with
confirmation and quantification of all priority pollutants by
mass spectrometry (MS). Total phenols was analyzed by the 4-AAP
method. GC was used to analyze pesticides with limited MS
confirmation. Toxic heavy metals were analyzed by atomic
absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), with flame or graphite
.furnace atomization following appropriate digestion of the
sample. Duplicate samples were analyzed using plasma emission
spectrometry after appropriate digestion. Samples were analyzed
for cyanides by a colorimetric method, with sulfide previously
removed by distillation. Analysis for asbestos was accomplished
by microscopy and fiber presence reported as chrysotile fiber
count. Non-dispersive x-ray fluorescence was used for
confirmation. Conventional pollutants (BOD~, TSS, pH, and oil
and grease) and nonconventional pollutants (TOC and COD) were
analyzed using "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
Wastes," (EPA 625/6-74-003) and amendments.
The most common pollutants found (detected in more than half the
samples analyzed) include:
Percent of Samples BPT

Fraction Pollutant Where Detected Limi-ted
Conventionals BOD 100 Yes
Total Susp. Solids 100 Yes
Oil & Grease 100 Yes
Non-Conventionals Ammonia Nitrogen 100 Yes
COD 100 Yes
TOC 100 Yes
Sulfide 100 Yes
Phenol (4AAP) 76 Yes
Volatiles Methylene Chloride 69 No
Metals Chromium 78 Yes
Copper 54 No
Mercury 74 No
Selenium 68 No
Zinc 80 No
72
Of the 126 toxic pollutants, 22 were detected and quantified more
than once in all final effluent samples analyzed from direct
discharges and 28 were detected and quantified more than once in
all final effluent samples from indirect discharges. Table V-27
is a summary of the final effluent priority pollutant data from
the 17 refineries' screening program. Table V-28 is a summary of
the indirect discharge priority pollutant effluent data from the
pretreatment program.
Samples were analyzed for asbestos at only four refineries.
Asbestos was not detected in the intake or effluent from these
refineries. One API separator effluent (prior to treatment)
sample contained 3.4 million asbestiform mineral fibers per
liter. However, the presence can be attributable to rain
occurring during the sample collection period.
Additional toxic pollutant data was obtained from another eight
direct discharging refineries by the EPA Regional Surveillance
and Analysis teams during routine monitoring operations. The
data extracted from single grab-samples taken at each of the
refineries is summarized in Table V-29. The concentrations and
pollutants detected are similar to those of the seventeen
refinery program.
Long-!!£m Sampling Program
A long-term sampling program was conducted at two refineries for
a period of sixty days.(l62) The purposes were: (1) to
determine if there is a surrogate relationship between the
priority pollutants and one or more of the traditional pollutant
parameters; and (2) to confirm the presence or absence of
specific priority pollutants. Samples of the untreated and
treated wastewaters were collected every other day. Pollutant
parameters analyzed include the BPT regulated pollutants and the
toxics, excluding pesticides and asbestos. The sampling and
analytical methods used are similar to those described in the
short-term sampling program discussion. The results from this
program are summarized in Tables V-30 and 31.
In general, the types of pollutants and the concentration ranges
are similar to those found in the short term program. The . data
also indicate that a strong correlation does not exist between
the taxies and the traditional pollutant parameters.
The 30-day samples from the two plants were statistically
analyzed to determine if surrogates for important pollutants
could be found. Surrogates were sought for five pollutants:
priority pollutant (PP) organics, total organics (PP organics
plus Appendix C alkanes), extractables, PP metals, and total
metals (PP metals plus a set of non-conventional metals). Seven
potential surrogates were: BOD, COD, total phenol (4AAP), TOC,
TSS, oil and grease, and chromium.
73
To be acceptable, a surrogate must demonstrate a statistically
significant correlation with the pollutant and it must allow the
level of the pollutant to be estimated with satisfactory
accuracy.
Since the data samples were relatively small, the sensitivity of
statistical analysis to the presence of apparent outliers was
assessed by plotting surrogates against pollutants and by
rerunning analyses with outliers removed. The findings of the
study, however, were not influenced by these precautionary
measures. Only two possible surrogates were identified, namely,
total phenol (4AAP) for PP organics and for total organics, and
chromium for PP metals and for total metals. However, as can be
seen from Table V-32, statistical significance was obtained only
in one plant. Because surrogate adequacy must be consistent
across plants, the relationship was found to be invalid. In
addition, the predictive adequacy, even for the single plant, is
not sufficient to allow practical application of these two
surrogates.
_sUR__.VE~Y Q[ 121! EFFLUENT MONITORING ~
The Agency also compiled and analyzed one full year of self
monitoring data supplied by 49 refineries covering the 1979
calendar year. EPA selected 50 refineries (163) on the basis
that each reported BPT technology in place in the 1976 survey.
Moreover, 25 of the 50 were examples of refineries reporting
process wastewater flows equal to or less than BAT Option 2 model
flow. Another 15 of the 50 reported flows equal to or less than
1979 BAT Option 1 model flow. {See Section VIII for details of
Options proposed for BAT in 1979).
This study was investigating the effects of BPT treatment where
the total refinery wastewater is less than 1979 proposed model
flows and therefore, 37 of the 50 refineries selected could be
described as low flow refineries. Objectives of the study were
to calculate variability factors, determine average effluent
concentration for phenolic compounds {4AAP), examine TOC and
cyan.ide as possible surrogate parameters, calculate refinery
model flow for 1978 and verify the reported flow level.
Review of the data to determine those refineries that actually
meet BPT performance levels appears in Preliminary Screening of
the 1979 Effluent Monitorinq {BPT} DATA (160}. Statistical
analysrs-of the same data set is reported in Petroleum Refining
§!![Monitoring~ Analysis (161).
74
INDUSTRY ~
Results of the Agency's efforts in the characterization of the

rate of wastewater flow from the petroleum refinery industry are
described below.
These results are in three parts: 1) summary data by refinery
size; 2) data on distribution by refinery subcategory; and 3)
water usage trends.
Summary 2t ~ Wastewater Flow
'igure V-1 presents a histogram of net flow for 243 refineries
which provided the necessary data. Each point on the histogram
represents a single refinery by its size class using the letters
A through D which represent selected size ranges in 1000 bbl of
crude processing capacity. The results of this histogram are
summarized in Table V-33.
Although it can be seen that nearly 75 percent of total water
usage in the industry is attributable to about 20 percent of the
refineries, these refineries process a large majority of crude
petroleum.
Distribution of ~ ~ Subcategory
Figure V-2 presents a histogram of net flow for the same 243
refineries according to the subcategorization procedure described
in Section IV. Similar to the previous figure, each point
depicts a single refinery. Letter designations correspond to the
five selected subcategories:
A - Topping
B - Cracking
C - Petrochemical
D - Lube
E - Integrated
This histogram is summarized in Table V-34.
This summary shows that, except for Topping Refineries, the
fractional share of industry water usage is approximately equally
distributed among the other four subcategories. However, the
subcategory averages show wide disparity, ranging from 0.128 MGD
for the topping subcategory to 9.327 MGD for the Integrated
subcategory.
The histograms in Figures V-1 and V-2 reveal a striking
consequence of the skewed (non-symmetrical) distribution in
75
wastewater flow. This consequence is the large difference
between the industry average of 1.7 MGD and the industry median
(50-percentile) value of about 0.5 MGD.
Trends in Industry Water Usage
Figure V-3 presents the historical trends in industry water usage
from data contained in various surveys conducted by the Agency.
The first survey data is the 1972 EPA/API Raw Waste Load Survey.
This value is used as the baseline for further comparison. The
1977 Survey results provided the next value for calendar year
1976. Total flow in absolute units as well as a gallon/barrel
value {adjusting for increased process capacity) was calculated
for the same refineries surveyed in 1972. The results
demonstrate that a significant reduction in water usage had·
occurred during the previous four year period. On an absolute
basis, total water usage was reduced to about 67 percent of the
1972 value. On a gallon/barrel basis, the reduction was even
greater - up to 53 percent of the 1972 value.
The "Survey of 1979 Effluent Monitoring Data" (160) also provided
information which was used to evaluate industry water usage.
Since this survey was directed towards only 50 specific
refineries, 37 of which had the lowest flow rates, particular
care was taken to prevent the underestimation of industry flow.
For this purpose, the sum of the flows of the 49 respondents to
this questionnaire was compared to the sum of the 1976 flows from
the same refineries. Although the flows of some individual
refineries increased, the total flow in 1979 was found to be
significantly lower than the 1976 flow on both an absolute and a
gallon per barrel basis.
The two curves in Figure V-3 were extrapolated to the year 1984,
the earliest year in which BAT limitations could take effect. It
can be seen that the total water usage of the industry could
potentially reach 42 percent of the year 1972 value {or 62.5
percent of the 1976 average} by 1984 if the current trend
continues. On a gallon/barrel basis, water usage could
potentially reach 29 percent of the 1972 value (40 percent of the
1976 average value}.
76
TABLE V-1
Summary of Plant Characteristics

for 17 Refineries Sampled
in Screening Program
Refinery Location EPA 1000 bat"rels/ Sub-

Number State Region Stream-day category
1 Alabama IV 30.0 A
20 California IX 100.0 B
50 Colorado VII 21.5 B
59 Illinois v 57.0 B
64 Illinois v 78.0 B
80 Kansas VII 52.0 B
84 Kansas VII 80.0 c
126 Montana VIII 46.0 B
153 Ohio v 125.0 c
157 Oklahoma VI 130.3 D
167 Pen11syl vania III 195.0 B
169 Pennsylvania III 188.0 B
186 Texas VI 185.0 c
194 Texas VI 405.0 E
205 Texas VI 103.4 c
235 Washington X 94.0 B
241 West Virginia III 12.0 A
77
TABLE V-2
Comparison of Plant Characteristics

17 Refineries Sampled vs. Overall Industry
Percent Distribution of Plants
Overall 17 Refineries
EPA Region Industry Sampled
(Direct Discharge
Segment)
I 0 0
II 5 0
III 9 18
IV 9 6
v 17 18
VI 35 24
VII 5 12
VIII 8 12
IX 7 5
X 5 5
TOO 100
Subcategory
A 27 12
B 45 53
c 12 24
D 11 6
E 5 5
100 100
Crude Capacity
(1000 bbl/day)
0 - 49 49 18
so - 99 22 35
100 - 199 18 41
~ - 200 11 6
TOO 100
78
TABLE V-3
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL DATA
PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY
SCREENING SAMPLING PROGRAM
FACILITY
AI' I
SEPARATOR FINAL
FRACTION F'ARAMETER UNITS INTAKE EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
---------
CONVENTIONALS
---------
COlt
-----
HG/L
------
5
---------
107
--
35
llOD HG/L 2 23
TOTAL SUSP, SOLIDS MG/L 3 380 .>9
PH UNIT 9 9 7
NON-CONVENTIONALS AMMONIA NITROGEN MG/L 4 12 12

TOC MG/L 2 29 11
SULFIDE UG/L 67 8133 267
VOLATILES llENZENE UG/L N-D G too N-D
CHLOROFORH UG/L 70 L 5 L 5
1r2-TRANS-DICHLOROETHYLENE UG/L N-D 20 N-D
ETHYLllENZENE UG/L N-D G 100 N-D
METHYLENE CHLORIDE UG/L 0 100 0 100 G 100
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE UG/L N-D 0 50 L 10
TOLUENE UO/L N-D 0 100 N-D
ACill EXTRACT PHENOL UO/L N--D 13 N-D
........
1.0 llASE-NEUTRALS ACENAPHTHENE UG/L N-D 37 N-ll
NAPHTHALENE UO/L N-D 48 N-D
DJ-N-llUTYL PHTHALATE UO/L L 1 1 l
DIETHYL PHTHALATE UO/L N-[1 12 N-[1
ACENAPHTHYLENE UG/L N-D ... N-[1
PllENANTHRENE UO/L N-D 5 N-l•
METALS ARSENIC UO/L L tO 12 L 10
CHROHIUH UG/L L 24 12 l
COF'f'ER UG/L L :; 24 2
CYANIDE UG/L L 10 50 L 30
LEAD UO/L L 60 132 L 60
HERCURY UG/L L 1 L 1 L 1
NICI\EL UG/L L 50 5 L 50
ZINC UG/L 37 263 57
NON-CONV, METALS HEX-CHROHIUM UG/L L 20 57 13
MISC. PHENOLICS C4AAPOI UG/L L ll 97 3
A'
POLLUTANTS NOT LISTED WERE NEVER DETECTED

L-LESS THANI N-D NOT DETECTED! E-ESTIMATED OR VALUE NOT QUANTIFIED OR CONFIRMED! G-GREATER THANI
TABLE V-4
FACILITY 20
PIC
TREATMENT FINAL
FRACTION PARAMETER UNITS INTAKE EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
-------- --------- ----- ------ --------- --------
CONVENTIONAL& COD MG/L 9 453 130
BOD MG/L 1 173 14
TOTAL SUSP, SOLIDS MG/L 11 42 22
OIL I GREASE MG/L 11 21 31
PH UNIT 8 9 7
NON-CONVENTIONAL& AMMONIA NITROGEN MO/L L 1 7 17

TOC MG/L 19 107 43
VOLATILES CHLOROFORM UG/L L 10 11 L 10

METHYLENE CHLORIDE UO/L 22 30 N-D
ACID EXTRACT 2r4-DIMETHYLPHENOL UO/L N-D 10000 L 10
ltETALS CADMIUM UG/L I I 2

CHROMIUM UG/L 34 44 46
COPPER UG/L 22 7 L 6
CYANIDE UO/L L 20 43 L 20
LEAD UG/L 48 L 20 L 20
co NICKEL UG/L 9 L 15 L 15
0 SILVER UGIL I L 5 L 5
ZINC UO/L 36 6 5
NON-COHV, METALS HEX-CHROMIUM UO/L 7 33 L 20
MISC. PHENOLICS 14AAP0) UO/L L 10 29333 52

L-LESS THAHI N-D NOT DETECTED! E-ESTIHATED OR VALUE HOT QUANTIFIED OR COHFIRHEDI G-GREATER THANI
TABLE V- 5
SUHHARY OF ANALYTICAL DATA
PETROLEUH REFINING INDUSTRY
SCREENING SAHPLING PROGRAH
FACILITY 50
INTAKE DAF UNIT 810-TREATHENT FINAL

FRACTION PARAHETER UNITS CWELLS) EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
-------- --------- ----- ------- -------- ------------- ---
CONVENTIONALS COD HG/L 1 323 123 120
BOD HG/L l 117 J4 41
TOTAL SUSP, SOLIDS HO/L l 1 29 22 19
OIL I GREASE HG/L 7 93 11 JO
PH UNIT 9 9 9 8
NON-CONVENTIONAL& AHHONIA NITROGEN HG/L l 1 38 6 10
TOC HO/L 8 71 41 38
SULFIDE UG/L 100 1367 67 467
VOLATILES BENZENE UG/L N-D 417 N-D N-Il
1r2-DICHLOROETHANE UG/l N-D 16 N-D N-D
ETHYL BENZENE UG/l N-D 38 N-D N-ll
HETHYLENE CHLORIDE UO/l 85 3 7 20
BASE-NEUTRALS NAPHTHALENE UG/l N-D 950 N-D N-ll
BIS<2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE UO/l 150 290 900 155
PHENANTHRENE UG/L N-D 19t' N-D N-D
HETALS ANTIHONY UG/L L 1 l 1 1 3
ARSENIC UG/l l 4 8 6 5
CACIHIUH UG/l l 20 l 20 7 l 20
co CHROHIUH UO/l L 1 718 547 99
___, COPPER UG/l 11 179 118 26
CYANIDE UG/l l 20 323 105 50
lEAD UG/l 15 75 83 48
HERCURY UG/l 2 10 3 2
NICKEL UO/L L 1 L 50 10 5
SELENIUH UO/L 3 11 8 15
THALli Uti UO/L L 3 L 1 L 1 N-D
ZINC UO/l 263 931 1142 632
NON-CONV, HETALS HEX-CHROHIUH UO/L, L 20 17 l 20 L 20
HISC, PHENOLICS <4AAP0l UO/L 5 4550 7 3
POLLUTANTS NOT LISTED WERE NEVER CIETECTED

L-LESS THANI N-D NOT DETECTEDI E-ESTIHATED OR VALUE NOT GUANTIFIEll OR CONFIRHEDI G-GREATER Til AN I
TABLE V- 6
FACILITY 59
INTAKE DAF UNIT FINAL

FRACTION PARAMETER UNITS !WELLS I EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
- --------- ----- ------- -------- ---
CONVENTIONALS COD HG/L 9 630 660
BOD HG/L 6 84 100
TOTAL SUSP. SOLIDS HG/L 24 43 61
f'H UNIT 7 9 8
NON-CONVENTIONALS AHHONIA NITROGEN HG/L 1 35 39

TOC HG/L 8 183 220
SULFIDE UG/L L 1 16000 1200
VOLATILES BENZENE UG/L N-D G 100 N-D

ETHYLBENZENE UG/L N-D G 100 N-D
TOLUENE UG/L N-P G 100 N-D
BASE-NEUTRALS FLUORANTHENE UG/L N-P 3 N-P

NAPHTHALENE UG/L 2 190 N-D
BENZO IAIPYRENE UG/L N-P N-D 3
CHRYSENE UG/L N-P L 1 1
PHENANTHRENE UG/L N-P 140 N-D
f'YRENE UG/L N-P 11 7
PESTICIOES PCB-1242 UG/L N-D 1 N-P

())
N HETALS CHROHIUH UG/L L 240 726 1069
COf'f·ER UG/L L 40 6 L 5
CYANIDE UG/L L 20 50 20
HERCURY UG/L L 1 L 1 L 1
SILVER UG/L L 250 L 250 3
ZINC UG/L 7 275 433
HOH-CONV. HETALS HEX-CHROHIUH UG/L L 20 L 20 10
HISC. PHENOLICS (4AAPOI UG/l 230 5600 NOT RUN
POLLUTANTS NOT LISTED WERE NEVER OETECTED

L-LESS THANI N-[1 NOT DETECTE[II E-ESTIHATED OR VALUE HOT QUANTIFIED OR CONFIRHEOI G--GREATER THANI
TABLE V-7
FACILITY 64
SEPARATOR FINAL
FRACTION PARAMETER UNITS INTAKE EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
-------- --------- ----- ------ --------- ---
CONVENTIONALS COD MG/L 47 157 59
BOD 11G/L 3 49 5
TOTAL SUSP, SOLIDS MG/L 20 15 14
PH UNIT 8 7 8
NON-CONVENTIONALS AHMONIA NITROGEN MG/L 6 13 20

TOC HG/L 15 43 10
SULFIDE UG/L L 1 1600 467
VOLATILES BENZENE UG/L N-D G 100 N-D
ETHYLBENZENE UG/L N-D G 100 N-D
METHYLENE CHLORIDE UG/L 50 10 10
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE UG/L so N-D N-D
TOLUENE UG/L N-D G 100 N-D
TRICHLOROETHYLENE UG/L 20 N-D N-D
ACID EXTRACT 2•4-DIMETHYLPHENOL UG/L N-D G 100 N-D
PHENOL UG/L N-D G 100 N-Io
BASE-NEUTRALS ACENAPHTHENE UG/L 2 150 N-D
co NAPHTHALENE UG/L N-D 106 N-I•
w DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE UG/L L 1 N-D N-D
METALS CAI•MIUM UG/L L 1 L 20 L 20
CHROMIUM UG/L 39 71 43
COPPER UG/L 9 L 5 L 5
CYANIDE UG/L 10 L 30 L 30
LEAD UG/L 5 L 60 L 60
MERCURY UG/L N-D N-D L 1
NlCI\El UG/L 10 6 4
SELENIUM UG/L L 10 L 10 12
ZINC UG/L 122 25 52
MISC. PHENOLICS 14AAP0) UG/L 5 9067 8

L-LESS THANI N-D NOT DETECTEDI £-ESTIMATED OR VALUE NOT QUANTIFIED OR CONFIRHEDI G- GREATEF: TIIANI
TABLE V-8
FACILITY 80
COME<INED
BIO-TREATMENT fiNAL
FRACTION PARAMETER UNITS INTAKE INFLUENT EFrLUENT
~-----
--------- ----- ------ ------------- ---
263
CONVENTIONALS COD MG/L 343 287
BOD MG/L 43 G 73 23
TOTAL SUSP, SOLIDS HG/L 59 73 102
PH UNIT 8 7 9
NON-CONVENTIONALS AHHONIA NITROGEN HG/L 44 11 4

TOC HG/L 101 78 89
SULFIDE UG/L 1067 500 1000
VOL AT JLES CARBON TETRACHLORIDE UG/L G so N-D N-D

1r1r1-TRICHLOROETHANE UG/L G so N-D N-D
METHYLENE CHLORIDE UO/L L 10 70 L 10
BASE-NEUTRALS fLUORANTHENE UG/L 29 N-D N-D

BENZO IAlPYRENE UG/L 33 10 1
CIIRYSENE UG/L 49 7 1
PIIENANTHRENE UG/L 160 2 N-ll
PYRE HE UG/L 140 10 H-D
00 PESTICIDES CHLORDANE UG/L 3 N-D H-D

-'=" liETA-BHC UG/L N-D 1 N-ll
PCB-1221 UG/L N-D L 1 N-D
HETALS ARSENIC UG/L 27 41 31

CHROHJUM UG/L 38 58 37
COPPER UG/L 157 409 124
CYANIDE IJO/L L 30 727 70
HERCURY UG/L 1 L 1 L 1
NICKEL UG/L 35 93 67
SELENIUM IJO/L 12 L 10 L 10
ZINC UG/L 76 339 124
NON-CONV. HETALS IIEX-CHROHIUH UO/L 7 183 10
HlSC. PHENOLICS <4AAP0l UG/L 210 45 24
POLLUTANTS HOT LISTED WERE HEUER DETECTED

L-LESS TIIANI N-D NOT DETECTEDI £-ESTIMATED OR VALUE NOT OUANTIFIED OR CONFIRHEDI G- GREAlER TllANI
TABLE V-9
FACILITY 84
SEPARATOR I•AF UNJT FINAL

FRACTION PARAMETER UNITS INTAI\E EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
-----··-- ·--------- ----- ------- --------- ------------ ---------
CONVENTIONALS COD MOIL 24 840 987 210
llOD MG/L 1 260 253 7
TOTAL SUSP, SOLIDS MG/L 11 139 131 59
OIL & GREASE HG/L 13 99 220 14
PH UNIT B 10 10 B
NON-CONVENTIONALS AMMONIA NITROGEN MG/L L 1 14 12 14

TOC HG/L 12 230 283 60
SULFIDE UG/L 300 27333 25333 1967
VOLATILES llENZENE UG/L L 1 409 2005 L
HETHYLENE CHLORIDE UG/L 22 293 563 12
TOLUENE UG/L L 1 96 76405 L
ACID EXTRACT PHENOL UG/L 10 4900 2400
BASE-NEUTRALS FLUORANTHENE UG/L N-D 40 N-D N- Io

NAPHTHALENE UG/L N-D 1100 700 N-D
lliS<2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE UG/L tlOO 700 1100 850
DIETHYL PHTHALATE UG/L N-I• N-D N-D N--D
00 CHRYSENE UG/L N-D 40 N-D N-Io
(.J'1
PHENANTHRENE UG/L N-D tlOO 600 1
PESTICHoES ALPHA-ENDOSULFAN UG/L N-D N-D l 1 N- [o

f·CB-1242 UG/L N-D 1 1 N-[o
PCB-1232 UG/L N--D N-D 4 N-Il
PCB-1016 UG/L N-Io 2 8 N-D
METALS ANTIMONY UG/L L 1 L 1 1 L 1
ARSENIC UG/L 5 5 L 4 5
CAI•HIUH UG/l l 20 l 20 5 l ::?0
CHROIUUM UG/l L 1 7.23 570 50
COPPER UG/L 1 19 2 1
CYANIDE UG/L L 20 tl25 1758 144
LEAD UG/L 36 245 204 40
MERCURY UG/L 1 1 1
NICI\EL UG/L 10 36 21 :?4
SELENIUit UG/L J 8 9 13
TIIALLIUit UG/L L 2 L 2 l 2 3
ZINC UG/L 27 106 83 45
NON-CONV. HETALS HEX-CHROHIUM UG/l l ::?0 13 7 L 20
MISC. PHENOLICS <4AAP0) UG/L 6 23750 23333 33
POLLUTANTS NOT LISTED WERE NEVER DETECT£~

L-LESS THANi N-D NOT DETECTEDI E-ESTIHATED OR VALUE NOT QUANTIFIED OR CONFIRHEDi 0-llREATER TIIANi
TABLE V-10

SCREENING SAHPLINS rROGRAH
FACILITY 126
INTAKE SEPARATOR FINAL

FRACTION PARAHETER UNITS <RIVER> EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
--------
CONVEtiTIONALS
---------
COD
-----
HG/L
-------
18
---------
r9o
---
41
[IOD HG/L 1 37 1
TOTAL SUSP, SOLIDS HG/L 98 102 9
.0 I L & GREASE HG/L 17 52 18
f•H UNIT 8 8 8
NON-CONVENTIONALS AHHONIA NITROGEN HG/L L 1 7 5

TOC HG/L 12 54 20
VOLATILES BENZENE UG/L N-D N-D 12

CHLOROFORH UG/L L 10 55 66
HETHYLENE CHLORIDE UG/L N-D N-D 70
ACID EXTRACT 2r4-DICHLOROPHENOL UG/L N-D N-D 10

2r4-DIHETHYLPHENOL UG/L N-D 175 N-D
PHENOL UG/L N-D 440 N-D
PESTICIDES 4r4'-DDE UG/L N-D 7 N-D
HETALS CADHIUH UG/L 2 L 2 4

co CHROHIUH UG/L 12 9 10
CTI UG/L 5 23 7
COPPER
CYANIDE UG/L L 20 103 17
LEAD UG/L L 20 L 20 28
SELENIUH UG/L L 20 L 20 20
ZINC UG/L 3 20 17
NON-CONV. HETALS HEX-CHROHIUH UG/L 13 20 L 20
HISC, PHENOLICS (4AAPOl UG/L 4 2133 7

L-LESS TIIANI N-D NOT DETECTED; E-ESTIHATED OR VALUE NOT QUANTIFIED OR CONFIRHEDI G-- GkE ATER TllAN;
TABLE V- 11
SCREENING SAHF·LING PROGRAH
FACILITY 153
IN TAl\£ SEPARATOR FINAL

FRACTION f'ARAHETER UNITS !CITY> EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
-------- --------- ------- --------- ---------
CONVENTIONALS COP HG/L 5 257 79
BOP HG/L L 3 66 L 12
lOTAL SUSP, SOLIDS HG/L 1 39 8
OIL I GREASE HG/L 4 32 6
PH UNIT 8 8 7
NON-CONVENTIONALS AHHONIA NITROGEN HG/L L 1 4 L 1
TOC HG/L 5 81 31
VOLATILES BENZENE UG/L NOT RUN 2434 2
ETHYLPENZENE UG/L NOT RUN 812 N-D
HETHYLENE CHLORIDE UG/L NOT RUN 19 74
TOLUENE UG/L NOT RUN 11767 L 1
ACID EXTRACT PHENOL UG/L N-P 390 N-P
BASE-NEUTRALS NAPHTHALENE UG/L N-D 2-fo N-D
BJS<2-ETHYLHEXYLI PHTHALATE UG/L 950 300 300
00 PI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE UG/L 30 N-D 10
"'-1
HETALS ARSENIC UG/L L 4 5 L 4
CHROHIUH UG/L L 1 78 L 1
COPPER UG/L 10 127 45
LEAP UG/L 32 52 53
HERCURY UG/L 1 1 1
HinEL UG/L L 50 2 L 50
SELENIUH UG/L 2 3 21
ZINC UG/L 202 376 550
HISC, PHENOLICS (4AAPOI UG/L 1 5240 15
POLLUTANTS NOT LISTED WERE NEVER PETECTEP

L-LESS THANI N-P NOT PETECTEDI E-ESTIH~TEP OR VALUE NOT DUANTIFIEP OR CONFIRHEDI G-GREATER THANI
TABLE V- 12
FACILITY 157
PART 1
SEPARATOR SEPARATOR SEPARATOR
EFFLUENT EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
FRACTION PARAHETER UNITS INTAKE !LUBE DILl !LIGHT DILl ITHERHALI
-------- --------- -----
HG/L
------
25
----------
177
-----------
553
---------
187
CONVENTIONALS COP
flOP HG/L 1 59 0 84 29
TOTAL SUSP. SOLIDS HG/L 5 53 123 45
OIL I GREASE HG/L 13 77 158 34
PH UNIT 8 8 8 7
NON-CGNVENTIONALS AHHONIA NITROGEN HG/L 1 2 10 5

TOC HG/L 14 51 162 53
SULF IliE UG/L 100 1433 10500 2867
ACID EXTRACT PHENOL UG/L N-P 420 160
BASE-NEUTRALS FLUORANTHENE UG/L N-P 30 N-P N-P

NAPHTHALENE UG/L N-P N-P 350 1
BISI2-ETHYLHEXYLI PHTHALATE UG/L 110 180 300 50
CllRYSENE UG/L N-P 30 30 50
PHENANTHRENE UG/L N-P 30 90 1
00 PESTICIDES f'CB-1242 UG/L N-P N-P 1 1

00 UG/L N-P N-P 1 1
PCB-1232
PCB-1016 UG/L N-P N-P L 1
HETALS ARSENIC UG/L 3 3 5 3

CHROHIUH UG/L L 1 136 651 724
COPPER UG/L 4 286 59 15
CYANIDE UG/L 7 10 10 10
LEAD · UG/L L I 192 862 39
HERCURY UG/L 2 I 2 I
NICKEL UG/L L I 154 26 36
SELENIUH UG/L 3 7 lJ 17
SILVER UG/L L 25 L 25 L 25 L N-P
THALLIUH UG/L L 2 L 2 2 L 2
NON-CONV, HETALS
ZINC
HEX-CHROHIUH
UG/L
UG/L
61
7
306
17
. 872
20
229
27
HISC, PHENOLICS 14AAPGI UG/L 11 733 1833 690

L-LESS THANI N-D HOT PETECTEPI E-ESTIHATED OR VALUE NOT GUANTIFIED OR CONFIRHEDI G-GREATER THANI
TABLE V- U
FACILITY 157
PART 2
SEPARATOR SEPARATOR
EFFlUENT EFFlUENT BIO-TREATHENT FINAL
FRACTION PARAMETER UNITS I OTHER> IOTHER-2> EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
-------- --------- ----- --------- --------- ------------- ---
CON VENTI ONALS COD MG/L 337 83 553 89
llOD MG/L G 73 12 G 88 6
TOTAL SUSP. SOLIDS MG/L 52 30 19 12
OIL & GREASE MOIL 83 14 13 14
PH UNIT 8 8 8 7
NON-CONVENTIONALS AMMONIA NITROGEN MG/L 6 1 22 6
TOC MG/L 74 25 90 31
SULFIDE UG/L 7000 4333 22167 700
ACID EXTRACT 2o4-DIMETHYLPHENOL UG/L 650 N-D 750 N-D

PENTACHLOROPHENOL UG/L 850 N-D N-D N-D
PHENOL UG/L 16000 N-D G 12000 N-Il
llASE-NEUTRALS ACENAPHTHENE UG/L 50 N-D N-D N-D
FLUORANTHENE UG/L 20 N-D N-[1 N-D
lliSI2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE UG/L 600 N-D 210 190
CX> DIETHYL PHTHALATE UG/L N-D N-D N-D 30
1.0 DIMETHYL PHTHALATE UG/L N-D N-D N-D 3
CHRYSENE UG/L 40 N-D N-D N-[1
FLUORENE UG/L 80 N-D N-[1 N-[1
PHENANHIRENE UG/L 230 N-D N-D N-[1
PESTICIDES PCB-1242 UG/L N-D N-D L ; N-[1
METALS ANTIMONY UG/L 1 L 1 L 1 L 11

ARSENIC UG/L 3 9 L 2 L 4
llERYLLIUM UG/L L 2 L 1 L 2 L 2
CAIIMIUM UG/L L 20 3 L 20 L 20
CHROMIUM UG/L 1451 2548 9 79
COPPER UG/L 38 75 13 9
CYANIDE UG/L 57 20 273 78
lEAO UG/L 32 53 15 18
MERCURY UG/L 2 1 3 2
NICKEL UG/L L 50 54 L 50 19
SELENIUM UG/L 16 20 18 19
SILVER UG/L L 1 6 L 25 L 25
THALLIUM UG/L L 2 3 L 2 L 2
ZINC UG/L 421 575 81 70
NON-CONV. METALS HEX-CilROMIUM UG/L 17 120 87 L 20
MISC. PHENOLICS 14AAPO> UG/L 4333 251 104333 11

l-LESS THANI N-D NOT DETECTEDI E-ESTIMATED OR VALUE NOT QUANTIFIED O~CONFIRMEDI G-GREATER THANI
TABLE V-14
FACILITY 167
FRACTION PARAHETER UNITS <RIVER> EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
-------- •w----w---- ------ -------- -------- ---------
CONVENTIONALS COD HG/L 25 690 122
80[1 HG/L 3 118 7
TOTAL SUSf', SOLIDS HG/L 12 283 23
IHL & GREASE HG/L 10 293 19
PH UNIT 8 8 8
NON-CONVENTIONALS AHHONIA NITROGEN HG/L L 1 7 3
roc HG/L 11 237 41
SULF IIIE UG/L 367 1000 367
VOLATILES BENZENE UG/L N-[1 20 N-[1

CIILOROFORH UG/L L 10 100 L 10
HETHYLENE CHLORIPE UG/L N--[1 1100 L 10
ACID EXTRACT 2-CIILOROPHENOL UG/L N-[1 31:5 N-It

2r4-PIHETHYLPHENOL UG/L N-D 11:50 N-It
4-NITROPIIENOL UG/L N-[1 :5800 N-It
2r4-DINITROPHENOL UG/L N-It 11000 N-0
f'IIENOL UG/L N-D 10:5 N-D
I.D HETALS CADHIUH UG/L 1 1 L 1
C> UG/L 13 1320 87
CHROHIUH
LEAlt UG/L 46 96 L 20
NICKEL UG/L L 1:5 1:5 L 15
ZINC UG/L 89 1680 278
NON-CONV, HETALS IIEX-CHROHIUH UG/L L 20 20 L 20
HISC. PHENOLICS 14AAF'Ol UG/L L 10 700 29
I'OLLUTANTS NOT LISTEit WH'E NEVER DETEClEit

L-LESS TIIANi N-D NOl VETECTEDi E-ESTIHATED OR VALUE NOl UUANTIFIEP OR CONFIRHEPi G-GREAlER TllANi
TABLE V-15
FACILITY 169
SEF·ARATOf~
SEPARATOR EFFLUENT FINAL
FRACTION PARAMETER UNITS INTAI<.E EFFLUENT <OTHER! EFFLUENT
-------- ------ ---~-
----- ------ --------- ------------
CONVENTIONALS COD MG/L 33 423 193 63
BOD HO/L 1 131 37 6
PJ-i UNIT 7 8 7 7
NON-CONVENTIONALS AHMONIA NITROGEN MG/L L 1 12 11 2
TOC HG/L 10 120 50 16
SULFIOE UG/L 700 1200 1133 533
VOLATILES BENZENE UG/L N-D G 100 G 100 N-[1
CHLOROFORH UG/L N-D 10 10 N-£1
ETIIYLBENZENE UG/L N-D G 100 0 100 N-[1
HETHYLENE CHLORIDE UG/L 40 0 100 50 60
TOLUENE UG/L N-D 0 100 G 100 N··[l
ACID EXTRACT 2,4-DIHETHYLPHENOL UG/L N-D 0 100 0 100 N--D
PHENOL UO/L N-D 0 100 G 100 N-[1
BASE-NEUTRALS ACENAPHTHENE UO/L 29 N-D 3000 6
FLUORANTHENE UG/L L 1 N-D 9 L 1
c.o
...... NAPHTHALENE
CHRYSENE
UO/L
UG/L
1
N-D
500
20
280
2
L
L
1
1
ACENAPHTHYLENE UG/L L 1 N-D N-D N-D
FLUORENE UG/L 1 270 300 N-[1
PfiENANTIIRENE UG/L 1 230 N-D N··D
PYRE HE UG/l L 1 N-D 7 L I
PESTICHIES PCB-1242 UG/L l 1 :5 N-D N-[1

HETAl.S CHROHIUH UG/L 6 2:58 841 165
COPPER UG/L 8 110 44 27
CYANIDE UG/l l 60 377 150 80
LEAD UG/L 161 9 J L 60
HERCURY UG/l L 1 1 L 1 l. 1
NICl<EL UO/l 4 14 3 3
ZINC UG/l 211 360 323 161
HOH-COHV. HETALS HEX-CNROHIUH UG/l 100 23 17 40

HISC, PHENOLICS !4AAPO> UG/L L 10 54667 11000 3

L-LESS THANI N-D NOT DETECTED! E-ESTIHATED OR VALUE NOT QUANTIFIED OR CONFIRHEDI G··GREATER THAtH
TABLE V-16
FACILITY 186
INT~KE OAF UNIT FINAL
FRACTtON PARAIIETER UNITS <CITY I EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
-------- ---------- ----- ------- -------- --------
CONVENTIONALS COD IIG/L 9 233 84
BOD IIG/L L 6 40 L 12
TOTAL SUSP. SOLIDS IIG/L L 1 11 11
OIL I GREASE IIG/L 8 17 13
PH- UNIT 8 8 8
~ON-CONVENTIONALS AIIIIONIA NITROGEN IIG/L L 1 12 L 1

TOC IIG/L 7 67 16
SULFillE UG/L 233 500 367
VOLATILES BENZENE UG/L 14 12 11

CHLOROFORII UG/L 41 55 L 10
IIETHYLENE CHLORIDE UG/L 91 180 L 10
ACJ[o EXTRACT PARACHLOROIIETA CRESOL UG/L N-D N-D 10
2r4-DIIIET.HYLPHENOL UG/L N-D 18300 H-0
4-NITROf'HENOL UGIL N-D 1400 N-D
2r4-DINITROPHENOL UG/L N-Io 2660 N-D
PHENOL UG/L L 10 33500 L 10
HETALS BERYLLIUH UG/L L 3 2

\0 CADHIUH UG/L L 2 L 2 1
N UG/L 16 113 81
CJfROHIUII
CYAN I DE UG/L L 20 20 L 20
LEA[I UG/L 65 L 20 16
NICI<.EL UG/L 2 L 15 6
SILVER UG/L L 5 L 5 2
ZINC UG/L 113 126 116
NON-CONV. HETALS HEX-CHROHIUII UG/L L 20 250 L 20
HISC. PHENOLICS C4AAPO> UG/L L 10 4400 L 10

L-LESS THANI N-D NOT DETECTED; E-ESTIHATED OR VALUE NOT OUANTIFIED OR CONFIRHED; G-GREAHR TitAN;
TABLE V-11
FACILITY 194
UNTREATED
I NT AilE SEPARATOR WASTEWATER FINAL
FRACTION PARAMETER UNITS <RIVER> EFFLUENT <OTHER> EFFLUENT
--------
CONVENTIONALS
---------
COlt
----- ------- --------- ---------- ---
MO/L 28 410 463 133
BOD MG/L L 5 101 83 9
Pit UNIT 9 9 7 8
NON-CONVENTIONALS AMMONIA NITROGEN MG/L L 1 13 1 5
TOC MG/L 11 103 134 34
SULFIDE UG/L 733 6733 833 900
VOLATILES ItENZENE UO/L N-D 0 100 90 6
CHLOROFORM UG/L N-D 15 10 N--D
ETHYL BENZENE UO/L N-D G 100 20 N-It
METIIYLENE CHLORIDE UG/L G 100 G 100 G 100 G 100
TOLUENE UG/L N-D G •oo 0 100 35
ACID EXTRACT PARACIILOROMETA CRESOL UG/L N-D N-D 10 N-It
:? , 4-lJIHETHYLF'HENOl UG/l N-ll 71 0 100 N-lt
PHENOL UO/L N-D 0 100 40 N--D
1.0
w ~:lASE-NEUTRAL'S ACENAf'IHifENE UG/L N-D 522 N-D N-[1
FLUORANTifENE UG/L N-D 8 N-It N-It
NAF'IfTIIALENE UG/L N-D 302 27 N--It
CHRYSENE UG/L N-D 6 l 1 N-It
ACENAF'HTIIYLENE UO/L N-D 97 N-It N-D
F'HENANTIIRENE UG/L N-It 140 1 N.. It
PYRENE UG/L N-D 16 1 N-It
PESTICIDES HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE UG/L N-D N-It 5 N.. D
f'Cll-1221 UG/L N-D L 1 N-It N.. It
PCB-1232 UG/L N-It 1 l 1 N-lt
f'CB-1016 UG/L N-[1 2 1 N-D
METALS CIIROMIUM UG/L 601 1332 667 109
COF·PER UG/L L 40 16 6 2
CYANIDE UG/L l 60 13 l 60 l 60
LEA It UG/L L 600 4 l 60 l 60
MERCURY UG/L L 1 l 1 L 1 L 1
NI CI\EL UG/l 158 J l 50 l 50
ZINC UG/L 28 597 4990 64
NON-CONV. METALS HEX-CHROMIUM UG/L 53 L 20 L 20 l 20

MISC. F'lfENOLICS (4AAP0) UG/l l 11 5900 49 l 15
f'OllUTANTS NOT LISTEIJ WERE NEVER DETECTElt

I -LESS TIIANI N-D NOT DETfCTEDI [-ESTIMATED OR VAlUE NOT OUANTlfiED OR CONFIRMEDI G- GREI\TfR TIII\NI
TABLE V- 18
PETROLEUH ~EFINING INDUSTRY
FACILITY 205

FRACTION PARAMETER UNITS IWELLSI EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
-------- --------- ----- ------- -------- ---
CONVENTIONAL S COD HG/L 16 423 137
110[1 HG/L L 5 94 20
TOTAL SUSP. SOLIDS HG/L 11 32 25
PH UNIT 7 9 a
NON-CONVENTIONALS AMMONIA NITROGEN MG/L l 1 10 3
roc HG/L 19 137 47
SULF I [I[ UG/L 200 3633 500
VOLATILES CHLOROFORM UG/L 55 13 32

HETHYLENE CHLORIDE UG/L 130 N-D 44
TOLUENE UG/L L 10 16 N-D
ACHt EXTRACT 2o4-DIHETHYLPHENOL UG/L N-D 2000 N-D

PHENOL UG/L N-D 1900 N-D
(lASE-NEUTRALS ACENAPHTHENE UG/L N-D 390 N-D

ISOPHORONE UG/L N-D 2500 N-D
NAPHTHALENE UG/L N-D 3750 N-D
ACENAPHTHYLENE UG/L N-D 530 N-D
\0 ANTHRACENE UG/L N-Il 1750 N-D
+=> FLUORENE UG/l N-D 495 N-It
PHENANTHRENE UG/L N-Il 1750 N-D
HETALS CHROHIUH UG/L 2 248 62

COPPER UG/L L 6 20 L 6
CYANIDE UG/L L 20 167 l 30
lEAD UO/L L 20 5 L 20
ZINC UO/L L 60 47 L 60
NON-CONV, HETALS HEX-CHROHIUH UO/L 13 L 20 7
HISC, PHENOLICS 14AAPOI UO/L L 10 10667 46

L-LESS THANI N-D NOT DETECTED! E-ESTIHATED OR VALUE NOT OUANTIFIED OR CONFIRHEDI G-GREATER THANI
TABLE V-19

FACILITY 235
INTAKE SEPARATOR FINAL
FRACTION f'ARAMETER UNITS (CITYl EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
. ------- --------- ----- -.------ --------- ---
CONVENTIONALS COD MG/L 3 537 51
(IOD HG/L L 5 212 L 5
TOTAL SUSP, SOLIDS MOIL L 1 63 7
PH UNIT 7 10 8
NON-CONVENTIONALS AMMONIA NITROGEN MOIL L 1 15 2

roc MG/L 6 150 2'1
SULFIDE UG/L L 1 2'1333 300
VOLATILES fiENZENE UG/L L 10 1100 L 10

CHLOROFORM UG/L L 10 100 L 10
1r2-TRANS-PICHLOROETHYLENE UG/L 11 N-D N-D
ETHYLfiENZENE UG/L N-D 28 N-Il
METHYLENE CHLORIDE UG/L N-D 1600 41
TOLUENE UG/L L 10 655 N-Il
AC III EXTRACT 2-NITROPHENOL UG/L L 10 1350 N-D
4-NITROPHENOL UG/L L 10 20 N-D
2r4-PINITROPHENOL UG/L N-D 110 N-D
\0 4r6-DINITRO-O-CRESOL UG/L N-D 60 N-D
Ul
fiASE-NEUTRALS ACENAPHTHENE UG/L N-D 315 N-D
ISOPHORONE UG/L N-D 3550 N-D
NAPHTHALENE UG/L N-D 3200 N-D
ACENAPHTHYLENE UG/L N-D 665 N-[1
ANTHRACENE UG/L N-D 660 N-D
PllENANTHRENE UG/L N-D 660 N-11
PESTICIDES ALDRIN UG/L N-D 12 N-D
8ElA-ENDOSULFAN UG/L N-D 13 N-D
DELTA-BHC UG/L N-D 12 N-Il
METALS ANTIMONY UG/L L 25 360 370
CllROMIUM UG/L B '164 8
ZINC UG/L 12 11 9
NON-CONV, METALS HEX-CHROMIUM UG/L L 20 67 L 20

HISC, PHENOLICS ('IAAPOl UG/L L 10 67500 11
~OLLUTANTS NOT LISTEII WERE NEVER DETECTED

L-LESS TllANI N-D NOT OETECTEDI E-ESTIMAlrD OR VALUE NOT OUANTJFIEO OR CONFJRMElll G-rmFATER THAlli
TABLE V- 20
SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL [lATA
PETROLEUM REFINING IN[IUSTRY
SCREENING SAMPLING PROGRAH
FACILITY 241
INTAI\E SEPARATOR FINAL
FRACTION PARAMETER UNITS (WELLS I EFFLUENT EFFLUENT
-------- ---------- ----- ------- --------- ----
CONVENTIONALS CO[I MG/L 11 320 247
llOD MG/L L 3 62 26
TOTAL SUSf', SOLI [IS MG/L 2 17 29
OIL I GREASE HG/L 9 50 42
PH UNIT 7 9 9
NON-CONVENTJONALS AMMONIA NITROGEN MG/L L 1 44 48

lOC MG/1. 9 80 66
SULFI[IE UG/L 333 5767 600
VOLATILES llENZENE UG/L L 1 894 N-Il

CHLOROFORM UG/L N-D 6 N-1'1
METHYLENE CHLORIDE UG/L 6 4 3
[IICHLOROllROMOMETHANE UG/L N-Il 24 N-Il
TOLUENE UG/L N-O 167 N-[1
ACI[I EXTRACT PHENOL UG/L 10 60 N-[1
(lASE-NEUTRALS liiS<2-ETHYLHEXYLI PHTHALATE UG/L 1100 320 2000

1..0 DIETHYL PHTHALATE UG/L 20 N-D 1
0'1
METALS ANTIMONY UG/L L 1 L 1
ARSENIC UG/L 21 438 734
CADMIUM UG/L L 20 L 20 1
CHROMIUM UG/L L 1 L 1 L 1
CYAN I [IE UG/l 4 3 65
LEA [I UG/L 34 22 23
HERCURY UG/L 2 1 2
SELENIUM UG/L 6 8 16
ZINC UG/L 553 550 416
MISC. f'I{ENOLICS (.oiAAf'OI UG/L 5 112 16
POLLUTANTS NOT LISTE£1 WER[ NEVER DETECTED

L-LESS THANi N-[1 NOT £oElECTE£oi E-fSliHATED OR VALUE NOT OUANTIFIED OR CONFIRMfDi G- GRE:ATER Tfi(IIH
TABLE V-21
PETROLEUM REFlNINO INDUSTRY
POTW SAHPLINO PROORAH
FACILITY 13
FINAL EFFLUEhT-
FRACTION PARAMETER UNITS TO POTW
-------- --------- ----- ---------------
CONVENTIONAL& COD HO/L 842
BOD HG/L 404
TOTAL SUSP, SOLIDS HG/L 75
OIL I GREASE HO/L 290
PH UNIT II
NON-CONVENTIONAL& AHHONIA NITROGEN HO/L 25

SUlFIDE UO/L 50
VOLATILES BENZENE UO/L 175
lrlri-TRICHLOROETHANE UO/L 7
CHLOROFORH UO/L 5
ETHYLBENZENE UO/L 205
TOLUENE UO/L 2300
ACID EXTRACT 2r4-PIHETHYLPH£NOL UO/L 2450
PHENOL UO/L 1650
BASE-NEUTRALS ACENAPHTHENE UO/L 9
JSOPHORONE UO/L 6
\0 NAPHTHALENE UO/L 92
....... DIETHYL PHTHALATE UO/L 19
1r2-BENZANTHRACENE UO/L 6
CHRYSENE UO/L 6
ANTHRACENE UO/L ll
FLUORENE UO/L 7
PHENANTHRENE UO/L ll
PESTICIDES 4r4'-PDT UO/L L

4r4'-PPE UO/L L
ALPHA-BHC UO/L l
HETALS ARSENIC UO/L 14

CHROHIUH UO/L 1108
COPPER UO.IL II
CYANIDE UO/L 203
LEAP UO/L 26
HERCURY UO/L L I
SELENIUH UO/L 107
ZINC UO/L 120
HISC, PHENOLICS C4AAPOI UO/L 92150

L-LESS THANI N-D NOT DETECTEDI E-ESTIHATED OR VALUE NOT OUANTIFIEP OR CONFJRHEDI
TABLE V-22
SUMMARY OF ANAl.YTICAL DATA
POTU SAHPLINO PROORAH
FACILITY 16
FINAL EFFLUENT-
FRACTION PARAMETER UNITS TO POTU
----- ---------------
CONVENTIONAL& COD MOIL 484
BOD MOIL 120
TOTAL SUSP, SOLIDS HO/L 22
OIL I GREASE NOlL 37
PH UNIT 8
NOH-CONVENTIONAL& AMMONIA NITROGEN HG/L 2:5
VOLATILES BENZENE UO/L 260
ETHYLJENZENE UO/L 277
TOLUENE UG/L 620
ACID EXTRACT 2•4-DIMETHYLPHENOL UO/L 318
PHENOL UO/L :56:5
BASE-NEUTRALS NAPHTHALENE UO/L :53
PESTICIDES 4•4'-DDT UO/L 3
ALPHA-BHC UO/L L I
\0 METALS ARSENIC U8/L 23

(X) CHROMIUM UO/L 1880
COPPER UO/L 14
CYANIDE UO/L 67
LEAD U8/l 20
SELENIUM UO/L 146
ZINC UO/L 333
MISC. PHENOLICS C4AAP0) UO/L 3700

L-LESS THANI N-D NOT DETECTEDI E-ESTINATED OR VALUE NOT QUANTIFIED OR CONFIRHEDI
TABLE V- iJ
POTW SAHPLING PROGRAH
FACILITY 21
FINAL EFFLUENT-
FRACTION PARAHETER UNITS TO POTW
•
-------- --------- ----- ---------------
CONVENTIONAL& COD fiGIL 351
BOD HGIL 125
TOTAL SU&P. SOLIDS HGIL 23
OIL I GREASE HGIL 34
PH UNIT 9
NON-CONVENTIONAL& AHHONIA NITROGEN HGIL 4
VOLATILES BENZENE UGIL 466
1r2-DICHLOROETHANE UGIL 29
CHLOROFORH UOIL 19
ETHYLBENZENE UOIL 6073
TOLUENE UGIL 18500
ACID EXTRACT 2r4-DIHETHYLPHENOL UGIL 3'14
PHENOL UG/L 133
BASE-NEUTRALS NAPHTHALENE UGIL 162
BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE UG/L 5
DIETHYL PHTHALATE UGIL 6
1.0
1.0 PESTICIDES ALDRIN UGIL L
ALPHA-BHC UGIL L
KETAL& CHROHIUH UGIL '142

COPPER UG/L 15
CYANJDE UG/L 20
LEAD UGIL 3'1
SELENIUH UGIL 17
ZINC UG/L 172
HISC. PHENOLICS C4AAPOI UG/L 1467

L-LESS THANI N-D NOT DETECTED! E-ESTIHATED OR VALUE NOT QUANTIFIED OR CONFIRHEDI
TABLE V-24
SUNNARY Of ANALYTICAL DATA

PETROLEUN REFINING INDUSTRY
POTW SANPLINO PROORAN
fACILITY 2:S
fiNAL EffLUENT-
fRACTION PARAHETER UNITS TO POTW
-----
CONVENTIONALS COP NOll 700
80P HO/L 328
TOTAL SUSP. SOLIDS NOll 30
OIL I GREASE HO/L 48
PH UNIT 9
NON-CONVENTIONALS ANHOHU NITROGEN HO/L 37
VOLATILES BENZENE UG/L 3867

CHLOROBEHZEHE UO/L 16
CHLOROfORH UO/L tJ
ETHYL BENZENE UO/L 6200
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE UG/L 9
TOLUENE UO/L 10200
ACIJI EXTRACT 2•4-PINETHYLPHEHOL UO/L 644

PENTACHLOROPHENOL UO/L 41:5
PHENOL UG/L 14:50
__,
0 BASE-NEUTRALS NAPHTHALENE UO/L 330
0 BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE UO/l a·
PI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE UO/L 20
PIETHYL PHTHALATE UO/L 7
ANTHRACENE UO/L 47
flUORENE UO/L 32
PHENANTHRENE UG/L 47
PYRENE UO/L 11
PESTICIDES BETA-BHC UO/L L

NETALS ARSENIC UO/L 1:5
CHRONJUN UO/L 170:S
COPPER UG/L 23
CYANJIIE UO/L 2800
LEAD UO/L 28
SELENIUM UO/L 261
ZINC UO/L 148
NOH-COHV. NETALS HEX-CHROHIUH UO/L 320
NISC. PHENOLICS (4AAPOl UO/L 103333

l-LESS THANI N-D NOT DETECTEDI E-ESTIHATED OR VALUE HOT QUANTifiED OR COHFIRHEPI
TABLE V-25
SUHMARY OF ANALYTICAL DATA
POTW SAHPLINO PROORAH
FACILITY 43
FINAL EFFl.UENT DIRECT
FRACTION PARAIIETER UNITS TO POTII DISCHARGE
-------- --------- ----- --------------- ---------
CONVENTI ONALS COD MOIL 2510 130
DOD MOIL 531 311
TOTAL BUSP, SOLIDS MOIL 32 2!5
DJL I GREASE MOIL 134 4
PH UNIT 8 8
NON-CONVENTIONALS AMHONIA NITROGEN MOIL 43 3
VOt.ATILES BENZENE UO/L 24 N-D
1o2-DICHLOROETHANE UO/l N-D 14
1o1o1-TRICHLOROETHANE UO/l 8 N-D
METHYLENE CHLORIDE UO/l 6 N-D
ACID EXTRACT 2o4-PIHETHYLPHENOL UO/l 49:50 8
PHENOL UO/l 7000 H-D
BASE-NEUTRALS 2•4-DINITROTOLUEHE UO/L H-D 10
1•2-DIPHEHYLHYDRAZIHE UO/L 12 N-D
__. N-NITROSODIPHENYLAHINE UO/l H-D 21
DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE UO/l H-D 7
0__.
DIETHYL PHTHALATE UO/L 6 N-D
PESTICIDES ALDRIN UO/L N-D L I
4•4'-DDT UO/L N-D L 1
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE UO/L N-D l 1
ALPHA-DHC UO/L L I L 1
DETA-BHC UO/L N-P L I
HETALS ARSENIC UO/L 6:5 H-D

CHROMIUH UO/l 69 204
COPPER UG/l 47 5
CYANIDE UO/L 6667 30
LEAD UO/l N-D 18
NICKEL UO/L t4 H-D
SELENIUH UO/L 481 N-D
ZINC UO/L 47 137
NON-CONV, METALS HEX-CHROMIUM UO/L L 200 30
HISC, PHENOLICS 14AAPO> UO/L 140:500 103

L-LESS THANI N-D NOT DETECTED! E-ESTIHATED OR VALUE NOT OUANTIFIED OR CONFIRMEDJ
TABLE V-26
POTU SAHPLING PROGRAH
FACILITY 45
FINAL EFFLUENT-
FRACTION PARAHETER UNITS TO POTU
--------
CONVENTIONAL&
---------
COD
-----
HG/L
---------------
429
BOP HG/L 153
TOTAL SUSP, SOLIDS HG/L 17
OJL I GREASE HG/L t5
PH UNIT 7
NON-CONVENTIONAL& AHHONIA NITROGEN HG/L 104
VOLATILES JENZENE UB/L 262
ETHYL BENZENE UG/L 10:1
TOLUENE UB/L 434
ACID EXTRACT 2r4-PIHETHYLPHENOL UG/L U60
PHENOL UG/L 2467
BASE-NEUTRALS ACENAPHTHENE UG/L 19
MAPKTKALEME UGJL 229
ANTHRACENE UO/L !18
PHENANTHRENE UQ/L :18
PYRENE UG/L 8
__,
C) PESTICIDES ALDRIN UG/L L 1
N 4t4'-DDT UG/L L
ALPHA-BHC UO/L L '
I
HETALS CHROHIUH UG/L 640

COPPER UO/l 22
CYANIDE UB/L 6000
LEAD UQ/L 17
HERCURY UG/L L I
SELENIUH UB/L 143
ZINC UB/L 180
HISC, PHENOLICS C4AAPO) UO/L 16367

L-LESS lHANf N-P NOT PETECTEPf E-ESTIHATEP OR VALUE NOT QUANTIFIED OR CONFIRHEPf
TABLE V-21
l>I~ECTLliSCHAitGE Pact l of 3
FINAL EFFLUENT PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
SUMJ.IARY OF EPA SCREt:NING PROGRAM DATA
TOTAL TOTAL
PAR, PLANTS f'l ANTS SAHF'LES TIHE'5 F'ER
fRACTION No. f'ARAHF.:TFR UNITS SAHF'LEO DETECTING ANALYZF.n nETECT£D CENT AVFRAGF HINIHUH HAXJHUH
-------- ---- --------- ----- ------- --------- -------- --------
VOL AT JL ES 2 ACROLEIN UG/l 16 0 16 0
~ ACRYLONITRILE UG/L 16 0 16 0
4 llFNZENE UG/L 16 4 16 4 25 2 L 1 12
6 CARilON TETRACHLORIDE IJG/L 16 0 16 0
7 CHLOROilENZENE UG/l 16 0 16 0
10 1o2-DICHLOROETHANE IJG/L 16 0 16 0
11 1•1•1-TRICHLOROETHANE UG/1 16 0 16 0
13 lo1-DICHLOROFTHANE UG/L 16 0 16 0
14 1•1•2-TRICHLOROETHANF. UG/l 16 0 16 0
15 1r1o2r2-TfTRACHLOROETHANE UG/L 16 0 16 0
16 CHI OIWfTHANE UG/L 16 0 16 0
17 BIS<CHLOROHETHYl> ETHER UG/L 16 0 16 0
19 2-CHLOROETHYL VINYL ETHER UG/L 16 0 16 0
23 CHLOROFORM UG/1 16 2 16 2 13 6 L 5 66
29 1•1-DICHLOROETHYLENE IJG/1. 16 0 16 0
30 1o2-TRANS-DICHLORO£THYLF.NE UG/L 16 0 16 0
32 lr2-DICHLOROf'ROPANE 110/L 16 0 16 0
33 1•3-DICHLOROF'ROPYLENE UG/l 16 0 16 0
__.. 38 ETHYLBFNZF.NE UO/L 16 0 16 0
0 44 HETHYLENF CHLORIDE UG/t 16 11 16 11 69 33 l 10 100
w 45 HfTHYl CHLORIDE UG/L 16 0 16 0
46 HETHYL ICROHID£ UG/L 16 0 16 0
47 llROHOFORH Ull/1. 16 0 16 0
48 DJCHLOROICROHOHF.THANf Ull/L 16 0 16 0
49 TRICHLOROFLUOROH[THANE llG/1. 16 0 16 0
50 DICHLORODIFLUOROHETHANf UG/L 16 0 16 0
51 CHtOROniBROHOHF.THANE IJil/L 16 0 16 0
85 TETRACHtOROETHYI ENE UG/L 16 0 16 0
86 TOLUENE UO/L 16 1 16 1 6 2 L 1 35
87 TRICHLOROETHYlENE UG/L 16 0 16 0
98 VINYl. CHLORIDE U0/1. 16 0 16 0
AC Jro EXTRACT 21 2•4•6-TRICHLOROPHfNOL UG/l. 17 0 22 0

22 PARACHI.OROHETA CRESOL UG/1. 17 1 22 1 '5 l I L 10 10
24 2-CHI.OROPHF.NOL UG/l 17 0 22 0
31 2r4-DICHLOROPHFNOL UG/l 17 1 22 1 5 l 1 N-[o 10
J4 2r4-DIHETHYlf'HENOI. UG/1 17 0 22 0
57 2-NITROf'HfNOL UG/L 17 0 22 0
59 4-NITROf'HENOL UG/l 17 0 22 0
59 2r4-DINITROf'HfNDL UG/l 17 0 22 0
60 4o6-DINITRO-O-CRFSOL UG/L 17 0 22 0
64 PENTACHI.OROf'HfNDL UG/L 17 0 22 0
65 f'HfHOL UG/l 17 0 22 0
BASE-NEUTRAtS 1 ACENAF'HTHENF. UG/l 17 1 22 1 5 L 1 N-lo 6

5 llfNZIDINE IJG/l 17 0 22 0
8 lr2•4-TRICHLOROBENZENf UG/L 17 0 22 0
Note: Laboratory analysis reported as less than a deduction

limit is considered not detected (value= O) for this table.
l-IESS THANI T-TRACFI N-D NOT I•ETECTE'III 0-GREATER THANI
TABLE V-27
Dl~Cl DISCHARGE Page 'l of J
SUMMARY OF EPA SCREENING PROGRAM DATA
TOTAl. TOTAL
PAR• PLANTS PlANTS SAHPI.ES TIHF.:S PER-
FRACTION HO. PARAHF.:TER UNITS SAHPLED DETECTING ANALYZED DETECTED CENT AVERAGE HINIKUH HAXIHUH
-------- ---- --------- ----- ------- --------- -------- -------- ---- ------- -------
BASE-NEUTRALS 9 HEXACHLOROBENZENE UG/L 17 0 22 0
12 HEXACHLOROETHANE UG/1. 17 0 22 0
18 ~~5(2-CHLOROETHYI.I ETHER UG/l 17 0 22 0
20 2-CHlORONAPHTHALENE IIG/L 17 0 22 0
25 1r2-DICHLOROBENZENE UG/L 17 0 22 0
26 1rJ-DICHLOROBENZENE UG/1. 17 0 22 0
27 lr~-DICHLOROBENZENE UQ/L 17 0 22 0
28 Jrl'-DICHlOROBfNZIDINE UG/L 17 0 22 0
35 2r~-DINITROTOLUENE UG/l. 17· 0 22 0
36 2r6-DJNJTROTOLUENE UG/L 17 0 22 0
37 1r2-DJPHENYLHYDRAZINE UG/l 17 0 22 0
39 FUJORANTHENE UG/L 17 0 22 0
~0 ~-CHI.OROPHENYl PHENYL ETHER UG/l. 17 0 22 0
~1 4-BROHOPHfNYL PHENYL ETHER UG/l 17 0 22 0
42 818(2-CH\OROISOPROPYl> ETHER UG/L 17 0 22 0
43 BJSC2-CHLOROETHYOXYI HETHANE UG/L 17 0 22 0
52 HfXACHlOROBUTADIENF.: UG/L 17 0 22 0
53 HfXACHLOROCYClOPfNTADIEHE IJG/L 17 0 22 0
__, 5~ I SOF'HORONE UG/L 17 0 22 0
0 55 NAPHTHALENE UG/L 17 1 22 1 5 L 1 N-Io L
~ 56 NITROBENZENE UG/L 17 0 22 0
61 N-NJTROSODJHETHYLAHINE UG/1. 17 0 22 0
62 N-NITROSODlPHENYLAHlNf UG/l 17 0 22 0
63 N-NlTROSODJ-N-PROPYlAHINE UG/l 17 0 22 0
66 815(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE UG/l 17 5 22 5 23 180 \ 10 2000
67 BUTYl BENZYl PHTHALATE UG/1. 17 0 22 0
68 DJ-N-BUTYl PHTHAI.ATE UG/L 17 2 22 2 9 1 N-D 10
69 OI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE IJG/1. 17 0 22 0
70 DIETHYl PHTHAI.ATE UG/L J7 3 22 3 14 1 N-D 30
71 DIHETHYL PHTHAlATE UG/1. 17 1 22 1 5 L 1 N-D =~
72 1r2-BENZANTHRACEN£ UG/l 17 0 22 0
73 BfNZO <A )f·YRENE UG/l 17 2 22 2 9 L 1 N-D 3
74 3r4-BfNZOFLUORANTHF.:NE UG/l 17 0 22 0
75 11r12-BEN70FLUORANTHEN£ UG/l 17 0 22 0
76 CHRYSENE UG/l 17 3 22 3 14 L 1 L
77 ACENAPHTHYLENE UG/l 17 0 22 0
78 ANTHRACENE IIG/L 17 0 22 0
79 1r12-B£NZOPERYLENE UG/L. 17 0 22 0
80 FlUORENE 110/1. 17 0 22 0
81 PHENANTHRF.:N£ UG/L 17 1 22 1 5 L 1 L
82 1r215r6-DIBENZANTHRACENE UG/L 17 0 22 0
83 INDENOC1r2r3-Crl\l PYR£NE UG/l 17 0 22 0
84 PYRENE UG/L 17 1 22 1 s L 1 l 1 7
f"ESTICH•ES 89 AI. DR IN UG/L 17 0 17 0

90 DIEUoRIN IIG/1. 17 0 17 0
91 CHLORToANf UG/L 17 0 17 0
Note: Laboratory analysts reported as less than a d~ductlon
limit Is considered not detected (value= 0) for this table.
L-L£SS THANI T-TRACEI N-D NOT 1\ETECTED I B-GR£ATER THANI
TABLE V-27
DIRECT iHSCHAilliE Page 3 of 3
FINAL EFFLUENT PRIORITY POLLLTANTS
TOTAl TOTAL
PAR. PLANTS PLANTS SAHPLfS TJHES F'ER-
FRACTION NO. f>ARAHETER UNITS SAHF'LED DETECTING ANAl. YZED DETECTED CfNT AVfRAOE HI HI HUH HAXlHUH
--------
PESTICHoES
---- --------- ----- ------- --------- -------- -------- ---- -------
92 4r4'-DDT UG/L 17 0 17 0
93 4r4'-DPE U0/1. 17 0 17 0
94 4r4'-DDD UG/L 17 0 17 0
95 ALPHA-ENDOSULFAN UO/L 17 0 17 0
96 BETA-EHDOSUIFAN UO/L 17 0 17 0
97 £NDOSULFAN SULFATE U0/1. 17 0 17 0
98 fNDRIH UO/L 17 0 17 0
99 ENDRIN AI.DEHYD£ UO/l 17 0 17 0
100 HEPTACHLOR UO/L 17 0 17 0
101 HEPTACHI.OR EPOXIDE UO/L 17 0 17 0
102 AIPHA-BHC UO/l 17 0 17 0
103 BETA-BHC UB/l 17 0 17 0
104 OAHHA-BHC U0/1. 17 0 17 0
105 DEL TA-BHC UO/l l7 0 17 0
106 f'CB-1242 110/L 17 0 17 0
107 PCB-1254 UG/1. 17 0 17 0
108 PCB-1221 UG/L 17 0 17 0
109 fCB-1232 UO/L 17 0 17 0
__, 110 f'CB-1248 110/L 17 0 17 0
0 111 PCB-1260 UO/L 17 0 17 0
U1 PCB-1016 liG/1.
112 17 0 17 0
113 TOXAPHENE UO/L 17 0 17 0
129 TCDD U0/1. 17 0 22 0
METALS 114 ANTIHONY U0/1. 17 3 17 3 18 22 l I 370
115 ARSENIC UG/L 17 4 21 8 38 177 l 4 900
117 BERYLLIUM UO/L 17 1 84 2 2 L 1 L I 2
118 CADHIUH UO/L 17 5 86 5 6 L 1 l 1 20
119 CHROHIUH UO/L 17 17 87 68 78 115 I. 5 1230
120 COPPER UO/L 17 12 85 46 54 23 L 4 JOO
121 CYANIDE UO/L 17 8 54 26 48 39 l 5 320
12' LEAD U0/1. 17 7 97 20 23 14 L 15 211
123 HERCURY UO/L 16 11 72 ~3 74 1 I 1 12
124 NICKEL UO/L 17 7 99 20 22 8 L 1 74
12~ SELEHIUH UG/L 17 7 31 21 68 11 L 10 32
126 SILVER U0/1_ 17 2 84 3 4 L 1 L I 15
127 THALLIUH UO/L 17 2 32 5 16 1 L 1 12
128 ZINC UO/L 17 16 92 74 80 203 L 10 ::>000
HON-CONV. HfTAIS 148 HEX-CHROHIUM UO/L 16 5 48 6 13 5 L 20 110

HISC, 167 PHFNOLICS 14AAP0l IJG/l 16 14 45 34 76 16 l 10 64
Note: Laboratory analysis reported as less than a deduction

limit is considred ~-t-~etected (value= 0) for this table.
l-LESS THAHI T-TRACEI N-D NOT PET£CTEDI 0-GRfATER THANI

TABLE r-20
INDIRECT, DISCHARGE (TO POTW) Page 1 of 3
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
SUMMARY OF EPA
PRETREATMENT PROGRAM DATA
TOTAL TOTAL
PAR. PLANTS Pl. ANTS SAHPLES TIHF.:S f•fR-
fRACTION NO, PARAHETER UNITS SAHPLfD DETECTING ANALYZED DfTf.CTED CENT AVERAGE HINIIUJH HAXJHUti
-------- ---- --------- ----- ------- --------- -------- --------
VOl.ATILES 2 ACROl.EIN UO/L 0 18 0
UO/l
""" 18
3 ACRYI.ONITRILE 0 0
BENZENE UO/l 18 12 67 817 N-1• 5800
4
" CARBON TETRACHLORIDE UO/L "1

0 HI 0
""'
7 CHLOROBENZENE UG/L HI 1 7 2 N-D 31
10 1r2-DICHLOROETHANE UO/l 6 1 u 2 13 6 N-D 54
11 1r1r1-TRICHLOROETHANE UGit.. 6 2 Hi 2 13 2 N-D 15
1r1-DJCHLOROETHANE UOIL 0 1S 0
13
14
1S
1r1r2-TRICHLOROETHANE
1r1r2r2-TETRACHLOROETHANE
UG/l
UO/L
"" 0
0
18
1S
0
0
CHLOROf.THANE UO/l "' 0 18 0
"""
16
17 ~JSCCHLOROHETHYLl ETHER U0/1. b 18 0
19 2-CHI.OROETHYI. VINYl. ETHER UG/l 0 18 0
23 CHl.OROfORH UOIL 3 15 6 40 7 H-D 21
29
JO
1r1-DICHLOROETHYLENE
lr2-TRANS-DICHlOROETHYLENE
UO/L
UO/l
"" 0
0
IS
1S
0
0
32
33
lr2-DICHLOROPROPANE
lr3-DICHlOROPROPYLENE
UO/l
UO/L
"6 0
0
18
IS
0
0
_,
0
38
44
ETHYL BENZENE
Hf.THYLENE CHLORIDE
UOIL
UO/l.
"6 s
1
1S
1:5
11
1
73
7
2540
I
N-Io
N-D
tBOOO
12
0'\ 4S HETHYL CHl.ORIPE UO/l "' 0 18 0
""6 18
46 HETHYL ~ROHI DE 1.10/l 0 0
47 BROHOfORH UIJ/1. 0 18 0
48 DJCHLORO~ROHOHETHANE UO/L 0 1:5 0
49
50
TRICHI.OROfl.UOROHETHANE
DICHLORODifLUOROHETHANE
UG/l
UO/l
"'" 0
0
18
18
0
0
51
8:5
CHI.ORODIBROHOHETHANE
TfTRACHLOROETHYl.ENE
UG/1.
UG/1.
"6 0
1
IS
1S
0
I 7 l N-D 18
86
87
TOLUENE
TR I CHl.OROE THYl.ENE
UG/L
UOIL 6
"6 s
0
IS
1:5
11
0
73 6216 N-(1 41'1000
88 VINYL CHLORIDE UO/L 6 0 18 0
ACID EXTRACT 21 2r4rb-TRICHl.OROPH£NOL UG/l 6 0 18 0

22 PARACHLOROHETA CRESOL UG/l 6 0 15 0
24 2-CHLOROPHENOL UG/L 6 0 1'5 0
Jl 2r4-DICHLOROPHENOL UO/l 0 18 0
34
57
~r4-DIHETHYLPHENOL
2 -N ITROPHf.NOL
UG/L
U0/1.
"6
6 6
0
IS
18
14
0
93 1509 N-Il 9300
58 4-NITROPHENOL UO/l 6 0 18 0
59 2r4-DJNITROPHf.NOL UG/L 6 0 18 0
60 4r6-DJNITRO-tl-CRfSOL UG/l 6 0 18 0
64 Pf.NTACHlOROPHfNOL UG/l. 6 I 16 I 6 52 ti-D 830
6:5 PHfNOL UG/l 6 6 15 12 80 194? N-D t4000
BASE-NEUTRALS 1 ACFNAPHTHENE IJG/l 6 2 1:5 3 20 5 N- [I 41

5 Bf.NZID1NE UG/L 6 0 18 0
8 1•2•4-TRICHLOROBfNZENE UB/L 6 0 15 0
Note: laboratory analysis reported as less thdn a JL;ccci&n 11n1t

is considered not detected (value= 0) for thi:;. taM~.
L-l.f.SS THANI T-TRACEI N-fl NOT [lf.Tf.CTFfll
TABLE V-28
INDIRECT DISCHARGE (T~ POTW) Page 2 of 3
PRIORITY POLLUTA~TS
SUIU·IARY OF EPA
TOTAL TOTAL
PAR, PLANTS PLANTS SAMPI ES TIMES F"ff(-
FRACTION NO, PARAMETER UNITS SAMPLED DETECTINO ANALYZED DETECTED CENT AVFRAAE HIHIHIJH MAXI HUH
--------
BASE-NEUTRALS
----
9
---------
HEXACHLOROBFNZENE
-----
UG/L
-------
6
--------- -------- -------- ---- -------
0 19 0
------- -------
12 HEXACHLOROETHANE UG/l 6 0 19 0
19 BISC2-CHLOROETHYll ETHER UG/L 6 0 19 0
20 2-CHLORONAPHTHALENE UG/L 6 0 19 0
25 1o2-DICHLOR08f.NZENE IJG/t. 6 0 15 0
26 1o3-DICHLOR09ENZENE UG/l 6 0 17 0
27 1o4-DICHLOROBEN7EHE UG/L 6 0 15 0
28 JoJ'-DICHL.OROBENZlDINE UG/L 6 0 18 0
35 2o4-DlNtTROTOLUENE UG/L 6 0 15 0
36 ~.6-DINJTROTOLUENE UG/L 6 0 18 0
37 1• 2-DIPHENYL HYDRAZIIIE UG/L 6 1 15 1 7 2 N-D 23
39 FLUDRANTHENE UG/L 6 0 15 0
40 4-CHLOROPHENYL PHENYL ETHER 110/L 6 0 18 0
41 4-BRDMDPHENYL PHENYL ETHER UG/L 6 0 18 0
42 BISC2-CHLDROISOPROPYLl ETHER 110/L 6 0 15 0
43 BJSC2-CHLOROETHYOXY> METHANE UG/l 6 0 15 0
52 HfXACHLOROBUTADIEHE IJG/1. 6 0 19 0
53 HEXACHLDRDCYCL.OPfHTADJENE UG/L 6 0 18 0
0 54 JSOPHORDNE IIG/L 6 1 15 1 7 1 N-Il 12
........ N-[1
55 NAPHTHALENE UG/L 6 5 14 11 79 169 620
56 NITR09FNZENE UG/L 6 0 18 0
61 N-NITRDSDDIHETHYLAHINE UG/1. I> 0 18 0
62 N-NITROSDDIPHfNYt.•HINE UG/t 6 0 15 0
63 N-NITRDSOOI-N-PROFfLAHINf UG/L 6 0 19 0
66 BISC2-ETHYLHFXYL> PHTHALATE UG/L 6 0 15 0
67 BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE UG/1 6 2 15 2 13 2 N-[1 16
6F.I DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE IIG/L 6 1 15· 1 7 3 N-[1 40
69 DI-N-dCTYL PHTHALATE UG/1 6 0 15 0
70 OIETHYL PHTHAt.ATE 116/1. 6 4 15 4 27 5 N- [I 38
71 DIHETHYL PHTHALATE UO/L 6 0 15 0
72 1o2-9FN7ANTHRACENE UO/L 6 1 15 1 7 1 N-D 12
73 BENlD CAlPYRfNE UG/L 6 0 18 0
74 lo4-9fNZOFLUORANTHfNE IIG/1. 6 0 19 0
75 11o12-BENZOFLUORANTHENE UG/L 6 ·o 18 0
76 CHRYSENE UG/L 6 1 15 1 7 1 11-[1 1 :~
77 ACENAF"HTHYI FNE UG/L 6 0 15 0
78 ANTHRACENE 116/l 6 3 15 9 53 25 N- [I 81
79 1o12-BENZOPERYLENE UG/l 6 0 18 0
80 FLUORENE UO/L 6 2 15 J 20 7 N·-[1 63
81 f"HfNANTHRENE 110/l 6 3 15 8 53 ::!5 N-Il 81
82 ••~15o6-DI9fNZANTHRACfNF UG/l 6 0 18 0
83 tNnFNO(to2o3-Co[l) PYRfNE UG/1. 6 0 18 0
84 f"YRENE UG/L 6 2 15 2 13 2 N-[1 21
PESTJCJ[IES 89 ALDRIN UG/L 6 2 15 2 13 l 1 N··[l
90 [II[L[IRIN UG/L 6 0 15 0
91 CHI ORliANE UG/1. 6 0 18 0
Note: laboratory analysis reported as less than a ddtttion 1 ir.11t
is considered not detected (value = O) for this table.
L-LFSS THANI T-TRACF; N-£1 NOT [1£TfCH[II
TABLE V-28
INDIRECT DISCHARGE (TO POTWI Page 3 of 3
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
SUW-IARY OF EPA
TOTAl IOTAL
PAR, PlANTS PLANTS SAMPlES TIMES PER
FRACTION NO. F'ARAMETER UNITS SAMPLED DETECTING ANALYZED DETECTED CENT AVERA~E MJNJMIJM HAXIHIJM
-------- ---- --------- ----- ------- --------- -------- -------- ---- ------- -------
PESTif.IDES 92 4•4'-!lDT 116/l 6 3 15 4 27 l 1 N-[1 ~·
93 4,4'-D!lE UG/l 6 1 15 1 7 l 1 N-!1 l
94 4•4'-D!lD IIG/L 6 0 15 0
95 ALPHA-ENDOSULFAN UG/L 6 0 15 0
96 l!fTA-ENDOSIJlFAN llll/l 6 0 18 0
97 ENDOSULFAN SULFATE UG/L 6 0 18 0
98 FN!IRJN UG/L 6 0 18 0
99 ENIIR IN AU1EHYI1E UG/L 6 0 18 0
100 HEf'TAf.HLOR llll/L 6 0 15 0
101 HEPTACHlOR EPOXIDf UG/L 6 0 15 0
102 AIPHf\-I!HC llll/l 6 5 15 6 40 l 1 N-D 2
103 I!ETA-I!HC UG/L 6 1 15 2 13 I 1 N-[1 L
104 OAMMA-I!HC Ull/L 6 0 15 0
105 DF.LTA-I!HC UG/l 6 0 15 0
101.. f'CB-1242 llll/L 6 0 18 0
107 PCB-1254 UG/L 6 0 18 0
108 PCll-1221 llll/L 6 0 18 0
109 f'CB-1232 UG/L 6 0 18 0
110 PCll-1248 UO/L 6 0 18 0
0 111 PCll-1:;>60 UG/L 6 0 18 0
00 112 f'C:ll-1016 IIG/L 6 0 18 0
113 TOXAPHENE UG/L 6 0 18 0
129 TCDD Ull/L 6 0 18 0
METAI.S 114 ANTIMONY UG/L 6 0 18 0

115 ARSENIC UG/L 6 4 18 7 39 18 N-Il 69
117 BERYLLIUM UG/L 6 0 18 0
118 CADMIUH UG/l 6 0 19 0
119 CHROHIUM UG/L 6 6 18 19 100 1057 64 2196
120 C:OPPER UO/l 6 6 18 16 99 21 N-Il '57
121 CYANIDF UG/L 6 6 18 18 100 ?526 10 9000
122 LEAD llll/L 6 5 19 10 53 18 N-!1 43
123 MERCURY UG/l 6 2 18 5 28 L 1 N-!1 1
124 NI CI\El II GIL 6 1 19 1 6 2 N- [I 27
125 SELENIUM UG/l 6 6 18 16 89 192 N-Il 68:'
121.. SILVER IJG/l 6 0 18 0
127 THALLIUM UG/L 6 0 18 0
128 ZINC IJG/l 6 6 18 18 100 167 36 40~
NON-CONV. METAlS 148 HEX-CHROMILIM UG/L 6 1 18 3 17 53 I 20 480
MISC. 116 ASI!ESTOS IJG/L 6 0 18 0

167 PHENOLJCS ( 4AAF'O > 116/l 6 6 18 18 100 5690() 1100 1:01000
llote_: laboratory analysis reported as less than a dcccction limii.

is considered not detected (value = 0) for this table.
L-LESS THANI T-TRACEI N-[1 NOT !lfTFCTFIII

TABLE V-29 Page 1 of 3
SUHI-IARY OF EPA
REGIONAL SURVEILLANCE AND ANALYSIS DATA
TOTAL TOTAL
PAR. PLIINTS PlliNTB BIIHPl.£8 TIHES PER-
FRACTION NO, PARAHETER UNITS SAHPLED DETECTING ANALYZED DETECTED CfNT AVERAGE HINIHUH HAXIHUH
-------- ---- --------- ----- ------- --------- -------- --------
VOI.ATILES 2 ACROI.EJN UO/L 7 0 8 0
3 ACRYlONITRIU: UO/L 7 0 8 0
4 lllfNZENE UO/L 7 0 8 0
6 CARillON TETRACHI.ORIDE UO/l. 7 0 8 0
7 CHl.OROIIIF.NZENE UO/L 7 0 8 0
10 1•2-PJCHLOROETHANE UO/l. 7 2 10 2 20 L 1 N-D 3
11 1•1•1-TRICHLOROF.TNANE UO/L 7 2 8 2 2S 1 N-D 3
u f,f-PICHLOROETHANE UO/l 7 0 8 0
14 1•1•2-TRICHLOROF.THANE UO/l 7 0 8 0
1S 1•1•2•2-TETRACHLOROETHANE UO/l 7 0 8 0
16 CHL.OROETHANE 110/L 7 0 8 0
17 IIIJSCCHLOROHETHYt.l ETHER UO/l 7 0 8 0
19 2-CHLOROETHYL VINYL ETHER 110/l 7 0 8 0
23 CHLOROFORH UO/L 7 2 10 2 20 l 1 L 10
29 1 't-DICHLOROETHYl.ENE UO/L 7 0 8 0
..... 30
32
1•2-TRANS-DJCHLOROF.THYI.EN£
1•2-DICHlOROPROPANE
UO/L
110/L
7
7
0
1
8
8
0
1 13 L 1 N-D
0
1.0 33 1,3-DICHLOROPROPYlENE UO/l 7 0 8 0
38 ETHYL. BENZENE UO/L 7 1 8 1 13 L 1 N-D L 1
44 HETHYl ENE CHI. ORI DE UO/L 7 3 9 3 33 2 l. 10 9
4S HETHYL CHLORIDE 110/1. 7 0 8 0
46 HETHYL IIIROHIDE UO/L 7 0 8 0
47 BROHOFORH 110/L. 7 1 8 1 ll L 1 l 10
48 PICHLOROIIIROHOHETHANE UO/l 7 0 8 0
49 TR I CHI.OROFLUOROitETHANE UO/L 7 0 8 0
50 PICHLOROPIFLliOROHETHANE UO/l 7 0 8 0
S1 CHLORODIBROHOHETHANE UO/L 7 2 9 2 22 2 L 10 13
85 TETRACNlOROETNYl.ENE UO/l 7 0 8 0
86 TOLUENE U0/1. 7 0 8 0
87 TRICHLOROETHYl.ENE UG/l. 7 i) 8 0
200 TRANS-1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE UO/L 7 0 8 0
ACID EXTRACT 21 2•4•6-TRJr.HI.OROPHENOL UO/l. 7 0 8 0
22 f'ARACHl.OROHETA CRESOL 110/l 7 0 8 0
24 2-CHLOROPHEHOL liB/L 7 0 8 0
31 2•4-DICHLOROPHENOL 110/L 7 0 8 0
34 2, 4-DIHETNYI.PHENOt. UO/l 7 0 8 0
57 2-NITROPHENOL 110/L 7 0 8 0
58 4-NITROPHENOL UO/L 7 0 8 0
S9 2•4-DINJTROPHEHOL UO/L 7 0 8 0
60 4•6-DINITR0-0-CRESOL UG/L 7 0 8 0
64 PENTACHLOROPHENOL UO/l 7 0 8 0
65 PHENOL UO/L 7 1 9 1 11 8 N-rr 76
BASE-NfiiTRALS 1 ACfNAPHTHEHE 110/l 7 0 8 0
L-LESS THANI T-TRACEI N-D NOT DETECTf.DI

TABLE V-2!} Page 2 of 3
SUMMARY OF EPA
TOTAL TOTAL
PAR, PLANTS PLANTS SAHPtES TlHES PER-
FRACTION Na. f'ARAHF.:Tf.R UNITS SAHPLF.D DETECTING ANALYlfD DETECTED CENT AVERAGE HINIHUH HAXIHIIH
-------- ---- --------- ----- ------- --------- -------- -------- ---- -------
IIAS£-Nf.UTRAI.S 5 BENZIDINE UO/L 7 0 0
B 1o2r4-TRICHLORDB£NZENE UG/L 7 0 0
9 HEXACHI.OR(IBf.NZEHE UO/l 7 0 0
12 HEXACHLOROETHANE 110/L 7 0 0
18 BIS<2-CHLOROETHYLI ETHER U0/1_ 7 0 0
20 2-CHlORONAPHTHAlEHE 110/L 7 0 0
25 1o2-DICHLOROIIENZENE UO/L 7 0 0
26 lo3-DICHlDROBFHZENE UG/l 7 0 0
27 lo4-DICHLOROII£NZFNE UG/L 7 0 0
28 3o3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE UO/L 7 0 0
35 2o4-DINITROTOI.U£NE UG/L 7 0 0
36 2o6-DINITROTOLIIENE IJG/L 7 0 0
37 1o2-PIPHEHYLHYDRAZINE UO/L 7 0 0
39 Fl UORANTHENE UG/l 7 0 0
.o\0 4-CHLOROPHENYL PHENYL ETHER UO/L 7 0 0
41 4-BROHOPHFNYL PHENYL FTHER 110/L 7 0 0
0 42 BI9(2-CHLOROJ50PROPYLI ETHER UG/L 7 0 0
43 BI512-CHLOROETHYOXYI METHANE 110/l 7 0 0
52 HEXACHLORDBUTAPIENE UG/L 7 0 0
53 HFXACHLBROCYCLDPENTADIENE UG/L 7 0 0
54 150PHDRONE UG/L 7 1 1 13 34 N-D 270
55 NAPHTHAlENE UO/L 7 0 0
56 NITROBENZENE UG/L 7 0 0
61 H-NtTR050DIHETHYLAHINE UO/L 7 0 0
62 N-NITROSODIPHEHYLAHINF UG/L 7 0 0
63 H-NlTROSODI-H-PROPYI.AHINE UO/L 7 0 0
66 1115<2-ETHYLHEXYLI PHTHALATE UO/L 7 3 3 JB 16 L 10 75
67 BUTYL BFNZYL PHTHALATE UG/t 7 0 0
68 PI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE U0/1. 7 1 l 13 1 L 10 9
69 01-N-OCTYL PHTHAlATE UO/L 7 0 0
70 DJETHYl PHTHALATE UG/l 7 ~ B 0
71 DIMETHYL PHTHAl.ATE UO/L 7 0 9 0
72 1o2-BENZANTHRACENE UG/L 7 0 9 0
73 BF.:NZO <AlPYRENE 116/l 7 0 B 0
74 3o4-B£NiOFLUORANTHFNE UG/l 7 0 B 0
75 11ot2-BFN70FLUORANTHENE UG/L 7 0 B 0
76 CHRYSENE UG/L 7 0 II 0
77 ACENAPHTHYlENE UG/L 7 1 8 1 13 l 1 N-D
78 ANTHRACENE UG/l 7 0 8 0
79 1o12-Bf.Nl0PF.:RYLENE UO/L 7 0 8 0
80 FLUORENE UG/L 7 0 B 0
81 PHENANTHRENE UIUL 7 0 8 0
82 1o215o6-DIB£NZANTHRACENf UG/l 7 0 8 0
83 INI'lfN0(1o2o3-Col'll PYRENE IJO/l 7 0 8 0
84 PYRENE UG/L 7 0 B 0
207 ANTHRACFNf/PHFNANTHRENE 116/1 7 1 8 1 13 9 N-D 80
l-LES5 THANI T-TRACEI N-D NOT l'lETECTEll I

TABLE V-29 Page 3 of 3
SUMHARY OF EPA
TOTAL TOTAL
PAR, PLANTS PLANTS SAHPLES TIHES PER-
FRACTION NO. f'ARAHF.:TFR UNITS SAHPLED DETECTING ANALYlED PET£CTED CFNT AVFRA6£ HINJHUH 11AXIHUH
-------- ---- --------- ----- ------- --------- -- ----- -------- ---- ------- -------
PESTICIDES 89 ALDRIN UG/1 7 0 0
90 DIFLDRJN UO/L 7 0 0
91 CHLORDANE UG/L 7 0 0
?2 4•4'-DDT UG/1 7 0 0
93 4•4'-PDE UG/L 7 0 0
94 4•4'-DDD UG/L 7 0 0
95 ALPHA-EHPOSULFAN Utl/l- 7 0 0
911 BETA-fNDOSIJlFAN UG/L 7 0 0
97 ENDOSULFAN SULFATf UG/L 7 0 0
98 fNORIN Ull/L 7 0 0
99 fNDRJN AlDEHYDE UG/L 7 0 0
100 HfPTACHLOR UG/L 7 0 0
101 HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE UG/l 7 0 0
102 AlPHA-BHC UG/L 7 0 0
103 llETA-IlHC UG/l 7 0 0
104 !lAHHA-BHC UG/L 7 0 8 0
--' 105 l1El TA-BHC UG/L 7 0 8 0
--' 106 PCB-1242 UG/1. 7 0 8 0
--'
107 PCB-1254 UG/L 7 0 8 0
108 PCB-1221 110/L 7 0 8 0
109 f'CB-1232 UG/L 7 0 8 0
110 PCB-1248 IIG/L 7 0 8 0
111 F'CB-1260 UG/L 7 0 8 0
1I2 PCB-1016 UG/L 7 0 8 0
113 TOXAPHENE UG/l 7 0 8 0
129 TCDD UO/L 7 0 8 0
HETALS 114 ANTIHONY UG/L 7 2 8 2 ~5 20 l 5 98

115 ARSFNIC UG/L 7 1 8 1 13 4 L 5 20
117 BERYLLIUH UG/L 6 2 7 2 29 7 l 25 40
118 CAflHIUH IJG/L 7 3 8 3 38 6 L 10 35
119 CHROHIUH UG/L 7 6 9 8 89 149 l 5 480
120 COPPER 110/l 7 6 9 7 78 11 L 10 20
121 CYANIDE UG/L 7 3 8 4 50 3 N-D 8
1 :>2 1 EAD UG/L. 7 5 9 5 56 33 N-[1 160
123 HERCURY UG/L 7 5 8 5 63 L 1 l 1 1
124 NICKEL UO/L. 7 3 8 3 38 13 l 5 39
125 SELENIUH UG/L 7 1 8 1 13 2 l 5 18
126 SILVER UO/L 7 1 8 1 13 l 1 l 5 2
127 THALLIUH UG/l 7 1 8 1 13 13 l 10 tOO
1211 ZINC U!l/l 7 7 10 9 90 258 l 10 620
NON-CONV, HF.:T ALS 148 HF.X-CHROHIUH UG/l 7 0 8 0
HISC, 116 AS!IF.STOS IJO/L 2 0 2 0

167. PHENOLICS 14AAP0) UG/l 8 7 9 8 !19 46 N-[o 125
l-lfSS THANI T-TRACEI N-ro NOT flfTEfTEI•I

TABLE V-30
MOST-FREQUENTLY OCCURRING PRIORITY POLLUTANTS*

PLANT 1
Times
Parameter Detected Average (uq/1) Range (uq/1)
Influent
Volatiles - 30 samples analyzed
Benzene 30 27,083 5800 - 75000
Toluene 28 6,877 ND - 17000
Extractable& - 30 samples analyzed
2, 4 oimethyphenol 29 256 ND - 800
Phenol 30 769 180 - 1800
Napthalene 30 253 72 - 610
Bis (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate 28 26 ND - 170
Di-N-Butyl Phthalate 26 8 NO - 30
Anthracene/Phenanthracene 30 38 5 - 120
Fluorene 30 20 LS - 79
Pyrene 25 23 ND - 400
Metals - 30 samples analyzed
ArsenJ.c 26 10 Ll - 24
Chromium 30 320 120 - 920
Selenium 29 28 Ll - 81
Zinc 30 350 22 - 1900
Effluent
Extractables - 29 samples analyzed
Phenol 28 12 NO - 55
ArsenJ.c 26 8 Ll - 21
Chromium 30 103 50 - 167
Zinc 26 69 9 - 411
Notes:
*Pollutants occurring in 80 percent of samples taken from each point

L - Less than
NO - Not detected
112
TABLE V-31
MOST-FREQUENTLY OCCURRING PRIORITY POLLUTANTS*

PLANT 2
Times
Parameter Detected Average (ug/1) Range ( ug/1)
Influent
Volatiles - 30 samples analyzed
Benzene 30 18,747 3600 - 90000
Ethylbenzene 29 1,890 NO - 3800
Toluene 30 8,573 2300 - 20000
2, 4-oimethylphenol 29 272 60 - 720
Phenol 29 3,007 1200 - 6300
Naphthalene 29 289 89 - 810
Bis (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate 26 21 ND - 205
Chrysene/1, 2 Benzoanthracene 26 32 NO - 150
Anthracene/Phenanthracene 29 195 11 - 730
Fluorene 28 77 NO - 383
Pyrene 23 23 NO- 72

Chromium 30 1,324 70 - 3420
Zinc 30 516 9 - 1840
Effluent
Phenol 26 8 NO - 51
Bis (2-ethylhexyl Phthalate) 23 17 NO - 260
Arsenic 26 7 Ll - 20
Chromium 30 160 20 - 1250
Zinc 27 60 L9 - 339
Notes:
*Pollutants occurring in 80 percent of samples taken from each point

L - Less than
ND - Not detected
113
TABLE V-32
POTENTIAL SURROGATES FOR PRIORITY POLLUTANTS

CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS
(Statistics obtained by removing

outliers shown in parentheses)
Pollutant Total Phenol Chromium
PP Organics Plant 1 0.681 (-0.013)

Plant 2 -0.011 ( 0.027)
PP Organics Plant 1 0.545

Appendix C Plant 2 -0.104
Alkanes
PP Metals Plant 1 0.39

Plant 2 0.844 (0.589)
Total Metals Plant 1 0.571

Plant 2 -0.057 (0.108)
114
TABLE V-33
SUMMARY OF 1976 NET WASTEWATER FLOW

BY REFINERY SIZE
(Million Gallons Per Day)
Size Class Fraction of

(1000 bbl crude Number of Total for Average for Total
Capacity) Refineries Size Class Size Class Industrz Flow
(A) LT so-l 143 37.7S 0.264 0.089S
(B) so - 100 so 72.2S 1.4SO 0.1713
(C) 100 - 200 32 131.90 4.122 0.3126
(D) GT 200-2 18 180.00 10.000 0.4266
243 421.90 1.736 1.0000
Footnotes:
(1) LT m less than

(2) GT • greater than
115
TABLE V-34
SUMMARY OF 1976 NET WASTEWATER FLOW

BY REFINERY SUBCATEGORY
(Million Gallons Per Day)
Fraction of
Number of Total for Average for Total
Subcategory Refineries Subcategory Subcategory Industry Flow
(A) Topping 85 10.880 0.128 0.0258
(B) Cracking 103 135.857 1.319 0.3218
(C) Petrochemical 24 84.816 3.534 0.2008
(D) Lube 20 88.080 4.404 0.2086
(E) Integrated 11 102.597 9.327 0.240
All Subcategories 243 422.230 1. 738 1.0000
116
SYHBOL COUNT HEAN SToDEV,
LT50 A 143 0.264 0.386
50-100 B :10 1.4:10 1.282
100-200 c 32 4.122 2.849
FLOW OT200 D 18 10.002 5.:14:1
(MGD) FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
:5 10 u 20 2:5 30 3:5 40 4:1 50 55 60 65 70 7:5 80 INT. CUH, INT. CUH,
+----+----t----t----t----t----t----t----+----+----t----t----t----t----t----t----t
t ,50000 tAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAt 126 126 51.9 :11.9
t 1.0000 tAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBBBBBBBC 31 157 12.8 d4.6
t 1.5000 tAAAAAAABBBBBBBBBBBBC 20 177 8.2 72.8
t 2.0000 +BBBBBBCC 8 185 3.3 76.1
t 2oli000 tAA8888CCCCCCD 13 198 5.3 81.:1
t 3.0000 tBBBCCCCD 8 206 3.3 84.8
t 3.:1000 tBCCCCC 6 212 2.5 87.2
• 4.oooo tccc 3 2U 1.2 88.5
t 4.5000 tCD 2 217 o.8 89.3
t 5o0000 tBCCCDb 6 223 2.:1 91.8
* :s.:sooo t 0 223 o.o 91.8
....~
• 6.0000 t 0 223 o.o 91o8
6.5000 tCD
*t 7.0000 t
2 22:5
0 22:5
o.e
o.o
92.6
92.6 0
G>
• 7.:1000 tb 1 226 0.4
t a.oooo no 2 228 o.8
93.0
93.8 f
t 8~:~ooo tc 1 229 0.4 94.2 -c.,., .,.,
<DO
t 9.oooo tc 1 230 0.4 94.7 j;;

t 9o:IOOO tD 1 231 0.4 95.1
..... ,.., c:
11>:::
~;4 ~
__, • to.ooo tc 1 232 0.4 9:5.:1
__, * 1o.:soo tcoo 3 23:5 1.2 96.7 n~ <
~ ...
I
........ * u.ooo t 0 23:5 o.o 96.7
* u.:soo
• 12.000
tb
t
1 236
0 236
0.4
o.o
97.1
97.1
"'"'m...-1
~3
$ 12.:500
* u.ooo
tCD
t
2 238
0 238
o.a
o.o
97.9
97.9
..,
....
$ 13.:100 tD 1 239 0.4 98.4 0
* 14.000
• 14.:100
t
+
0 239 o.o 98.4
::1::
0 239 o.o 98.4

* 1:5.'000 t 0 239 o.o 98.4
t t:s.:soo t II 239 o.o 98o4
* u.ooo t 0 239 o.o 98.4
t UoliOO tb 1 240 0.4 98.8
* 17.000 tb 1 241 0.4 99.2
* 17.:500
• 18.000
t
+
0 241
0 241
o.o
o.o
99.2
99.2
* 18.:500
• 19.000
tb
t
1 242
0 242
0.4
o.o
99.6
99.6
* 19.:500
• 20.000
t
+
0 242 o.o
o.o•
99.6
0 242 99.6
* 20.:100 + 0 242 o.o 99.6
* 21.000
t 21.:500
t
tD
0 242 o.o 99.6
1 243 Oo4 100,0
*
*
22.000
22.500
t
+
0 243 o.o 100.0
0 243 o.o 1oo.o
* 23.000 t 0 243 o.o 100.0
* 23.:500 + 0 243 o.o 10o.o
t 24o000 + 0 243 o.o 100.0
* 24.:500 t 0 243 o.o 100.0
* 2:ii.ooo t
t----t----t----t----+----t----t----+----t----t----+----+----t----t----t----+----t
0 243 o.o 1oo.o
li 10 u 20 25 30 ::1:5 40 45 50 5~ 60 6:5 70 7:5 80

NUMBER OF REFINERIES
SYHBOL COUNT HEAN SJ,DEV,
A A 85 0.128 0.210
B B 103 1.319 1.682
c c 24 3.534 3.857
D D 20 4o404 5,508
FLOW E E 11 9.327 5.477
(MGD) FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
s 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 so 55 60 65 70 75 80 INT. CUH, INT. CUH,
t----t----t----t----t----t----t----t----t----t----t----t----+----t----+----+----t
* .50000 tAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB* 126 126 51.9 51.9
* 1.0000 tAAAAABBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBCCCCDDDD 31 157 12.8 64.6
**1.5000
2.0000
tABBBBBBBBBBBBBCCCDDD
tBBBBBBCC
20 177
a 185
8.2
3.3
72.8
76.1
* 2.5000 tBBBBBCCCDDDDE 13 198 5.3 81.5
* 3.0000 tBBBBBBBC 8 206 3.3 84.8
**
J,SOOO
4.0000
tBBBCCE
tBBD
6 212
3 215
2.5
I, 2
87.2
88.5
*
4.5000 tCC
2 217 0.8 89.3
*
5.0000 tBBCDEE 6 223 2.5 91.8
*
s.sooo t
0 223 o.o 91.8
*
6.0000 t
0 223 o.o 91.8
:z:
.....
*
6.5000 tBE
2 225 0.8 92.6
....
V>
*
7.0000 t
0 225 o.o 92.6
0
*
7.5000 tB
1 226 0.4 93.0 en
i
**
8.oooo
8.5000
tcn
tB
2 228
1 229
0.8
0.4
93.8
94.2 IDO
*
9.0000 tB 1 230 0.4 94.7 -<.., .,
__. **
9.5000
10.000
tE
tC
1 231
1 232
0.4
0.4
95.1
95.5
f.n:i..
§~
in
c:
,..,
;;o
__. ~r.
*
10.500 tCDE J 235 1.2 96.7 -l ,..
CX>
**
u.ooo
11.500
t
tD
0 235
I 236
o.o
0.4
96.7
97.1
cn-i
"' V>
OI'T1
<
I
N
o.o 97.1 ~J;

• 12.000 t 0 236 ....
,.,
* 12.500
• 13.000 t
tDE 2 238
0 238
0.8
o.o
97.9
97.9
~J
..,
1 23? 0.4 98.4 ,....
* 13.500 tE 0
* 14.000
* 14.500
t
t
0 239
0 239
o.o
o.o
98.4
98.4 ""
0 239 o.o 98.4
• 1s.ooo t
0 239 o.o 98.4
* 15.500 t 0 239 o.o 98.4
• 16.000 t
1 240 0.4 98.8
• u.soo tc
• 17.000 tE 1 241 0.4 99.2
• 17.500 t 0 241 o.o 99.2
* 18.000 t 0 241 o.o 99.2
* 18.500 tE 1 242 0.4 99.6
0 242 o.o 99.6
* 19.000 t
0 242 o.o 99.6
* 19.500 t
0 242 o.o 99.6
* 20.000 t
* 20.500
* 21.000
t
t
0 242
0 242
o.o
o.o
99.6
99.6
1 243 0.4 100.0
* 21.500 tD
* 22.000
* 22.500
t
t
0 243
0 243
o.o
o.o
100.0
100.0
* 23.000 t 0 243 o.o 100.0
• 2:J.500 t 0 243 o.o 100.0
* 24.000 t 0 243 o.o 100.0
* 24.500
• 25.000
t
t
0 243
0 243
o.o
o.o
100.0
100.0
t----t----t----+----t----t----t----t----t----t----t----t----t----t----t----t----t
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 so
NUMBER OF REFINERIES
!'IGOR!: v-3
HISTORICAL T1mND OF TOTAL INDUSTRY
WATER USAGE
100
90
~:iusted for Industry Expansion ~ ,
70.
(gal./bbl)
80 Average ~
Model
Flow"
BP'r Qw..... 1
"'"'"'•"
-!. 00
60 ""
f-0.90
~0.80 ~
t__~
r-v· 70 10
l"'o
r- en
40 ~CProm 1977 Survey and BP'l' 1972 -0.60 ~
Calculated Fl~ ---o. so ~
0
~ ~
H.to . . .
2u iiiJ ~~~-- of Better Than Average Model H· 30 E
~~~~~~llli:il!llll~~~~~~l!'ll~~s~~~~~~~-20
E-o-10 ~
~
,
1972 74 76 78 80 82 84
.._o
Date
ll 9
SECTION VI
SELECTION OF POLLUTANTS TO BE REGULATED
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this section is to describe the selection of
pollutants to be regulated. Included here is a description of
the selection process (and results) for both the direct and
indirect discharge segments of the petroleum refining point
source category. Also presented here is a discussion of the
environmental effects of certain pollutants.
EPA conducted an extensive sampling and analytical program to
determine the presence of toxic, conventional and nonconventional
pollutants in petroleum refinery wastewaters (see Section V for
details). The program included the sampling of 17 direct
dischargers, 6 indirect dischargers, and 2 POTW. Additional
long-term wastewater sampling was conducted at two refineries to
investigate the possible existence of surrogate relationships
between toxic pollutants and other pollutant parameters. The
results of these sampling efforts are presented in Section V.
Since results of the various sampling programs are quite similar,
the data from the 17 direct and 6 indirect discharge refineries
were used as the basis for estimating pollutant loadings and for
selecting pollutants to be regulated.
The conventional and nonconventional pollutants analyzed were
found frequently in effluent streams. Toxics were detected less
frequently and at much lower concentrations. Pollutants from
direct discharge refineries that have average concentrations
greater than 10 ppb include total chromium, cyanide, zinc,
toluene, methylene chloride, and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
The latter two compounds are contaminants from the analyses and
their presence can not be solely attributable to the plants'
operation. Cyanide, whose flow weighted concentration averages
45 ug/1, occurs at levels too low to be effectively reduced by
feasible technology available to this industry. Zinc found at
average concentrations of 105 ug/1 is neither causing nor likely
to cause toxic effects. Toluene was removed to below measureable
limits by all but one direct discharge refinery.
The estimated concentration and discharge loading of the
conventional and non-conventional pollutants are summarized in
Table VI-1. Similar information on toxics is included in Table
VI-2.
Characteristics of wastewaters from indirect discharge refineries
prior to their entry into POTW sewers are provided in Table V-28.
SELECTION OF REGULATED POLLUTANTS FOR DIRECT DISCHARGERS
121
The Act requires that effluent limitations be established for
toxic pollutants referred to in Section 307(a)(1). The
Settlement Agreement in Natural Resources Defense Council,
Incorporated ~ Train, 8 ERC 2120 {D.D.C. 1976), modified, 12
ERC 1833 (D.D.C. 1979), provides for the exclusion of particular
pollutants, categories and subcategories (Paragraph 8}, according
to the criteria summarized below:
1. Equal or more stringent protection is already provided
by EPA's guidelines and standards under the Act.
2. The pollutant is present in the effluent discharge
solely as a result of its presence in the intake water taken from
the same body of water into which it is discharged.
3. The pollutant is not detectable in the effluent within
the category by approved analytical methods or methods
representing the state-of-the-art capabilities. (Note: this
includes cases in which the pollutant is present solely as a
result of contamination during sampling and analysis by sources
other than the wastewater.)
4. The pollutant is detected in only a small number of
sources within the category and is uniquely related to only those
sources.
5. The pollutant is present only in trace amounts and is
neither causing nor likely to cause toxic effects.
6. The pollutant is present in amounts too small to be
effectively reduced by known technologies.
7. The pollutant is .effectively controlled by the
technologies upon which other effluent limitations and guidelines
are based.
Pollutants Selected for Regulation in the Petroleum Refining
Point Source Category (Direct Discharge Segment)
Specific effluent limitations are established for BOD~, TSS, COO,
oil and grease, phenolic compounds (4AAP), ammonia, sulfide,
total chromium, hexavalent chromium, and pH. These pollutants
are limited under BPT, as well as BAT, and NSPS.
Tables VI-3 and VI-4 are summaries of priority pollutant
detection results from the screening program for the intake
water, and separator effluent, respectively, at direct discharge
refineries.
Pollutants Excluded frQm Regulation (Direct Discharge Segment)
All of the organic and inorganic priority pollutants {except
chromium) are excluded from regulation.
122
Those priority pollutants which were not detected in the final
effluent of direct discharqe refineries are listed in Table VI-S.
Priority pollutants which were detected in the final effluent of
direct dischargers are listed in Table VI-6. Table VI-7 contains
a statistical evaluation of the analytical data for these
parameters. Average flow-weighted concentrations from Table VI-7
show low or trace concentrations for all priority pollutants
except chromium (108 ppb). These pollutants are neither causing,
nor likely to cause, toxic effects.
Two of the priority pollutants, methylene chloride and bis(2-
ethylhexyl) phthalate, were detected in one or more of the
treated effluent samples, however, their presence is believed to
be the result of contamination in the field and laboratory.
During sampling, polyvinyl chloride (Tygon) tubing was used.
Phthalates are widely used as plasticizers to ensure that tubing
(including tygon) remains soft and flexible. Methylene chloride
was used as a solvent in the organic analytical procedure. The
presence of these two pollutants, therefore, cannot be solely
attributable to the refinery effluents.
SELECTION Qr REGULATED POLLUTANTS FOR INDIRECT DISCHARGERS
Section 307(b) of the Act requires EPA to promulgate pretreatment
standards for both existing and new sources which discharge their
wastes into publicly owned treatment works (POTW). These
pretr.eatment standards are designed to prevent the discharge of
pollutants which pass through, interfere with, or are otherwise
incompatible with the operation of POTW. In addition, the Clean
Water Act of 1977 adds a new dimension to these standards by
requiring pretreatment of pollutants, such as metals, that limit
POTW sludge management alternatives.
The Settlement Agreement in Natural Resources Defense Council,
Incorporated~ Train, 8 ERC 2120 (D.D.C. 1976}, modified, 12
ERC 1833, D.D.C. 1979, provides for the exclusion of particular
pollutants from pretreatment standards, categories and
subcategories (Paragraph 8), according to the criteria summarized
below:
(1) if 95 percent or more of all point sources in the point
source category or subcategory introduce only pollutants to POTW
that do not interfere with, do not pass through, or are not
otherwise incompatible with the POTW; or
(2) the toxicity and amount of the incompatible pollutants
(taken together) introduced by such point sources into POTW is so
insignificant as not to justify development of pretreatment
standards; or
(3} criteria (1, 3, 4, 5, and 6) set forth in the above
direct discharge segment discussion.
123
Pollutants Selected for Regulation ill the Petroleum Refining
Point Source Category (Indirect Discharge Segment)
Specific pretreatment standards are established for total
chromium, ammonia, and oil and grease.
Pollutants Excluded f!Qm Regulation
With the exception of chromium, all organic and inorganic
priority pollutan·ts are excluded from regulation.
Those priority pollutants excluded because they were not detected
are listed in Table VI-B.
Table VI-9 lists the priority pollutants which were detected in
the effluents of indirect dischargers. Pollutants listed in Part
I and Part II of Table VI-9 are excluded from national regulation
in accordance with Paragraph B of the Settlement Agreement
because either they were found to be susceptible to treatment by
the POTW and do not interfere with, pass through, or are not
otherwise incompatible with the POTW, or the toxicity and amount
of incompatible pollutants are insignificant. Pollutants listed
in Part III of Table VI-9 are excluded for several reasons.
First, there is significant removal of several of these
pollutants by the existing oil/water separation technology used
to comply with the pretreatment standard for oil and grease.
Second, there is significant removal of these pollutants by the
POTW treatment processes by air stripping and biodegradation.
Third, the amount and toxicity of these pollutants does not
justify developing national pretreatment standards.
Table VI-10 contains a statistical evaluation of the occurrance
and average flow weighted ·concentratio~s for those priority
pollutants listed in Table VI-9.
ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SELECTED POLLUTANTS

The environmental significance of the pollutants selected above
is discussed here in the following groupings: a) toxic
pollutants, b) conventional pollutants, and c) non-conventional
pollutants.
Toxic Pollutants
The following "selected" pollutants are addressed here (under the
grouping of toxics): lead, chromium, zinc, cyanide, and toluene.
Lead. Human exposure to lead has been shown to cause
disturbances of blood chemistry, neurological damage, kidney
damage, adverse reproductive effects, and adverse cardiovascular
effects. Lead has also been shown to be carcinogenic and
teratogenic in experimental animals.
124
The effects of lead on aquatic life have been extensively
studied, particularly for freshwater species. As with other
toxic metals, the toxicity of lead is strongly dependent on water
hardness. LC 50 values reported for freshwater fish in soft water
are in the low mg/L range. Lead is chronically toxic in soft
water at concentrations ranging from 19 to 174 ~g/L for six
species of freshwater fish. Lead is bioconcentrated by fish,
invertebrates, algae, and bacteria.
Chromium. Although chromium is an essential nutrient in trace
amounts, it can be quite toxic to man at high concentrations.
Damage to the skin, respiratory tract, liver, and kidneys has
resulted from occupational exposure to high levels of chromium.
Epidemiological studies suggest that long term inhalation of
chromium produces lung cancer.
Concentrations of chromium lethal to aquatic organisms vary
considerably depending upon the chemical form of chromium, the
water hardness, and the species or organism exposed. LC 50 values
reported for 21 species of fish range from 3,300 ~g/L to 249,000
~g/L. LC 50 values reported for 33 invertebrates range from 67
~g/L to 105,000 ~g/L.
Cyanides. Cyanides are a diverse group of compounds defined as

organic or inorganic compounds which contain the -CN group.
Cyanides are rapidly lethal to humans in low doses but apparently
do not exert sublethal or chronic toxic effects. Cyanides are
acutely toxic to fish at concentrations as low as 57 ~g/L and
chronically toxic at concentrations as low as 7.8 ~g/L.
lin£. Zinc is an essential element required for normal human
growth and development. Except at very high exposure levels,
zinc is relatively non-toxic to humans. There is no evidence to
suggest that zinc is carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic,
although, based on tests with animals, there is one evidence that
excessive amounts of zinc may promote tumor growth.
Although zinc is one of the most commonly occurring heavy metals
in water, it can be toxic to aquatic life. Extensive toxicity
testing with zinc has indicated a wide interspecific variation in
zinc sensitivity. Acute 96-hour LC 50 values reported for
freshwater fish and invertebrates range from 0.040 mg/L to 103
mg/L.
Toluene. Neuromuscular deficiencies and menstrual disorders have
been reported in women exposed chronically to toluene in the
workplace. Acute exposure to high levels of toluene causes
excessive central nervous system depression which can result in
death.
Toluene has been shown to be acutely toxic to freshwater fish at
concentrations ranging from 6.9 mg/L to 32.4 mg/L and to
saltwater fish at concentrations ranging from 4.5 to 12 mg/L. A
125
single chronic value of 2.2 mg/L has been reported for saltwater
fish.
Conventional Pollutants.
The environmental Significance of the conventional pollutants,
biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, and oil and grease
is discussed below.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a
measure of the oxygen consuming capabilities of organic matter.
The BOD does not in itself cause direct harm to a water system,
but it does exert an indirect effect by depressing the oxygen
content of the water. Sewage and other organic effluents, during
their processes of decomposition, exert a BOD, which can have a
catastrophic effect on the ecosystem by depleting the oxygen
supply. Conditions are reached frequently where all of the
oxygen is used and the continuing decay process causes the
production of noxious gases such as hydrogen sulfide and methane.
Water with a high BOD indicates the presence of decomposing
organic matter, and subsequent high bacterial counts that degrade
its quality and potential uses.
Suspended Solids. Suspended solids include ,both organic and
inorganic materials. The organic fraction includes such
materials as grease, oil, tar, animal and vegetable fats, various
fibers, sawdust, hair, and various materials from sewers. These
solids may settle out rapidly, and bottom deposits are often a
mixture of both organic and inorganic solids. They adversely
affect fisheries by covering the bottom of the stream or lake
with a blanket of material that destroys the fish-food, bottom
fauna or the spawning ground of fish. Deposits containing
organic materials may deplete bottom oxygen supplies and produce
hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, methane, and other noxious
gases.
Solids may be suspended in water for a time, and then settle to
the bed of the stream or lake. These settleable solids may be
inert, slowly biodegradable materials, or rapidly decomposable
substances. While in suspension, they increase the turbidity of
the water, reduce light penetration, and impair the
photosynthetic activity of aquatic plants.
Solids in suspension are aesthetically displeasing. When they
settle to form sludge deposits on the stream or lake bed, they
are often much more damaging to the life in water, and they
retain the capacity to displease the senses. Solids, when
transformed to sludge deposits, may do a variety of damaging
things, including blanketing the stream or lake bed and thereby
destroying the living spaces for those benthic organisms that
would otherwise occupy the habitat. When of an organic and
therefore decomposable nature, solids use a portion or all of the
dissolved oxygen available in the area. Organic materials also
126
serve as a seemingly inexhaustible food source for sludgeworms
and associated organisms.
Oil and Grease. In the petroleum refining industry, oils,
greases, various other hydrocarbons and some inorganic compounds
will be included in the freon extraction procedure. The majority
of material removed by the procedure in a refinery wastewater
will, in most instances, be of a hydrocarbon nature. These
hydrocarbons, predominately oil and grease type compounds,
contribute to COD, TOC, TOO, and usually BOD resulting in high
test values. The oxygen demand potential of these freon
extractables is only one of the detrimental effects exerted on
water bodies by this class of compounds. Oil emulsions may
adhere to the gills of fish or coat and destroy algae or other
plankton. Deposition of oil in the bottom sediments can serve to
inhibit normal benthic growths, thus interrupting the aquatic
food chain. Soluble and emulsified materials ingested by fish
may taint the flavor of the fish flesh. Water soluble components
may exert toxic action on fish. The water insoluble hydrocarbons
and free floating emulsified oils in a wastewater will affect
stream ecology by interfering with oxygen transfer, by damaging
the plumage and coats of water animals and fowls, and by
contributing taste and toxicity problems. The effect of oil
spills upon boats and shorelines and their production of oil
slicks and iridescence upon the surface of waters is well known.
~-conventional Pollutants.
The environmental significance of the following non-conventional
pollutants: chemical oxygen demand, sulfides, total organic
carbon, phenolics (4AAP), and ammonia is discussed below.
Chemical Oxygen Demand. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) provides a
measure of the equivalent oxygen required to oxidize the
materials present in a wastewater sample, under acid conditions
with the aid of a strong chemical oxidant, such as potassium
dichromate, and a catalyst (silver sulfate). One major advantage
of the COD test is that the results are available normally in
less than three hours. Thus, the COD test is a faster test by
which to estimate the maximum oxygen demand a waste can exert on
a stream. However, one major disadvantage is that the COD test
does not differentiate between biodegradable and non-
biodegradable organic material. In addition, the presence of
inorganic reducing chemicals (sulfides, reducible metallic ions,
etc.) and chlorides may interfere with the COD test.
Sulfides. In the petroleum refining industry, major sources of
sulfide wastes are crude desalting, crude distillation and
cracking processes. Sulfides cause corrosion, impair product
quality and shorten the useful catalyst life. They are removed
by caustic, diethanolamine (DEA), water or steam, or appear as
sour condensate waters in these initial processing operations.
Hydrotreating processes can be used to remove sulfides in the
127
feedstock. Most removed and recovered sulfide is burned to
produce sulfuric acid or elemental sulfur.
When present in water, soluble sulfide salts can reduce pH,
react with iron and other metals to cause black precipitates,
cause odor problems, and can be toxic to aquatic life. The
toxicity of solutions of sulfides to fish increases as the pH
value is lowered. Sulfides also chemically react with dissolved
oxygen present in water, thereby lowering dissolved oxygen
levels.
Total Organic Carbon. Total organic carbon (TOC) is a measure of
the amount of carbon in the organic material in a· wastewater
sample. The TOC analyzer withdraws a small volume of sample and
thermally oxidizes it at 150 degrees C. The water vapor and
carbon dioxide from the combusion chamber (where the water vapor
is removed) is condensed and sent to an infrared analyzer, where
the carbon dioxide is monitored. This carbon dioxide value
corresponds to the total inorganic value. Another portion of the
same sample is thermally oxidized at 950 degrees C, which
converts all the carbonaceous material to carbon dioxide; this
carbon dioxide value corresponds to the total carbon value. TOC
is determined by subtracting the inorganic carbon (carbonates and
water vapor) from the total carbon value.
Phenolic Compounds (4AAP). Phenols and phenolic compounds are
found in wastewaters of the petroleum refinery, chemical and wood
distillation industries. Phenolic compounds include phenol
(commonly referred to as carbolic acid) plus a number of other
compounds that contain the hydroxy derivatives of benzene and its
condensed nuclei. EPA has identified a number of toxic materials
from this family of compounds, nine of which have been designated
priority pollutants. ·
Phenol in concentrated solutions is quite toxic to bacteria, and
it has been widely used as a germicide and disinfectant. Many
phenolic compounds are more toxic than pure phenol; their
toxicity varies with the chemical combination and general nature
of the total wastes in which they occur. The toxic effects of
combinations of different phenolic compounds is cumulative.
Biological treatment systems have been found able to effectively
treat relatively high concentrations of phenolic compounds usin~
them as food without serious toxic effects. Experience has
indicated that biological treatment systems may be acclimated to
phenolic concentrations of 300 mg/L or more. However, protection
of the biological treatment system against slug loads of phenol
should be given careful consideration in the design. Slug
loadings as low as 50 mg/L could be inhibitory to the biological
population, especially if the biological system is not completely
mixed.
Phenols in wastewater present the following two major problems:
128
1) At high concentrations, phenol acts as a bactericide.
2) At very low concentrations, when disinfected with chlorine,
chlorophenols are formed, producing taste and odor problems.
Phenols and phenolic compounds are both acutely and chronically
toxic to fish and other aquatic animals. Also, chlorophenols
produce an unpleasant taste in fish flesh, destroying their
recreational and commercial value.
It is necessary to control phenolic compounds in the raw water
used to supply drinking water, as conventional treatment methods
used by water supply facilities do not remove phenols. The
ingestion of concentrated solutions of phenols will result in
severe pain, renal irritation, shock, and possibly death.
The amino antipyrine method (4AAP) measures the presence of
phenolic compounds in terms of the color effects caused when
~hese materials react in the presence of potassium ferricyanide
at a pH of 10 to form a stable reddish-brown colored antipyrine
dye. Color response of phenolic materials with 4-amino-
antipyrine is not the same for all compounds. Because phenolic
type wastes usually contain a variety of phenols, it is not
possible to duplicate a mixture of phenols to be used as a
standard. For this reason phenol itself has been selected as a
standard and any color produced by the reaction of other phenolic
compounds is reported as phenol. This value will represent the
minimum concentration of phenolic compounds present in the
sample. It is not possible to distinguish between different
phenolic compounds using this analytical method.
Results of the sampling data for direct discharge refineries
(Table V-27) illustrates the concentrations of total phenols (as
measured by the 4AAP method) versus concentrations of the
individual phenolic compounds identified as priority pollutants
and present in refinery wastewaters. While phenolic compounds
were found in the effluents of 14 of 16 refineries at an average
concentration of 16 ug/L, only one of the priority pollutant
phenols was detected at a concentration at or below measureable
limits of the analytical equipment.
Ammonia. Ammonia is commonly found in overhead condensates from
distillation and cracking and from desalting. It is usually
found combined with sulfide as an ammonium su1fide salt. Ammonia
is a common product of the decomposition of organic matter. Dead
and decaying aminals and plants along with human and animal body
wastes account for much of the ammonia entering the aquatic
ecosystem. Ammonia exists in its non-ionized form only at higher
pH levels and is the most toxic in this state. The lower the pH,
the more ionized ammonia is formed and its toxicity decreases.
Ammonia, in the presence of dissolved oxygen, is converted to
nitrate (N0 3 ) by nitrifying bacteria. Nitrite (N0 2 ), which is an
intermediate product between ammonia and nitrate, sometimes
129
occurs in quantity when depressed oxygen conditions permit.
Ammonia can exist in several other chemical combinations
including ammonium chloride and other salts.
Nitrates are considered to be among the poisonous ingredients of
mineralized waters, with potassium nitrate being more poisonous
than sodium nitrate. Excess nitrates cause irritation of the
mucous linings of the gastrointestinal tract and the bladder; the
symptoms are diarrhea and diuresis, and drinking one liter of
water containing 500 mg/L of nitrate can cause such symptoms.
In most natural water the pH range is such that ammonium ions
· (NH 4 +} predominate. In alkaline waters, however, high
concentrations of un-ionized ammonia in undissociated ammonium
hydroxide increase the toxicity of ammonia solutions. In streams
polluted with sewage, up to -one half of the nitrogen in the
sewage may be in the form of free ammonia, and sewage may carry
up to 35 mg/L of total nitrogen. It has been shown that at a
level of 1.0 mg/L un-ionized ammonia, the ability of hemoglobin
to combine with oxygen is impaired and fish may suffocate.
Evidence indicates that ammonia exerts a considerable toxic
effect on all aquatic life within a range of less than 1.0 mg/L
to 25 mg/L, depending on the pH and dissolved oxygen level
present.
Ammonia can add to the problem of eutrophication by supplying
nitrogen through its breakdown products. Some lakes in warmer
climates, and others that are aging quickly are sometimes limited
by the nitrogen available. Any increase will speed up the plant
growth and decay process.
130
1 of 2
TABLE VI-1
(Ref. 168, page 22)
FLOW~EIGHTED CONCENTRATIONS! AND LOADINGS FOR
DIRECT DISCHARGERS IN THE PETROLEUM
REFINING INDUSTRY
-Conventional Pollutants-
Pretreated Raw Currentj.BPT

Cone. Load Cone. Load
Pollutant mg/L kkg/yr mg/L kkg_/_yr
BOD 133.2 57405.4 13.5 5833.0

TSS 92.1 39691.8 26.1 11252.1
Oil and Grease 150.6 64909.6 17.1 7389.2
.Total Loading 162006.8 24474.3

-Noneonventional Pollutants- 2
Pretreated Raw Current/BPT

Cone. Load Cone. Load
Pollutant mg/L kkg/yr mg/L kkg/yr
COD 442.7 190836.3 114.6 49422.2

Ammonia 14.1 6070.1 6.8 2941.3
TOC 112.2 48348.8 33.3 14342.5
Sulfides 5.2 2257.1 0.6 274.1

Total Phenols 22.5 9719.1 0.018 7.6
Total Loading_ 257231.4 66987.7
131
2 of 2
TABLE VI-1
(Ref. 168, page 22)
FLOW-wEIGHTED CONCENTRATIONS! AND LOADINGS FOR

DIRECT DISCHARGERS IN THE PETROLEUM
REFINING INDUSTRY
(continued)
Footnotes:
1 Pretreated Raw and Current/BPT concentrations were supplied by EGD on
a plant-by-plant basis. The industry-wide Pretreated Raw direct and the
Current indirect discharge concentrations were obtained by flow-weight-
ing the data for the seventeen direct and the four indirect dischargers
studied in this analysis. The plant-by-plant Current/BPT direct dis-
charge concentrations were flow-weighted to determine the industry-wide
concentrations. The BAT industry-wide concentrations were calculated
using the Current/BPT concentrations and flow-weighting on a plant-by-
plant basis, based on the adjusted BAT flows. The flow-weighted con-
centrations were derived by multiplying the average concentrations by
the flow for each of the 17 refineries sampled. The sum of the products
divided by the total flow of the refineries sampled results in a flow-
weighted average concentration.
2 Nonconventional pollutant loadings are not presented for BAT because the
BAT removal effectiveness for these pollutant parameters is unknown.
132
TABLE VI-2
FLOW-wEIGHTED CONCENTRATIONS 1 AND LOADINGS

FOR DIRECT DISCHARGERS IN THE
-Toxic Pollutants- 2
Pretreated Current/ BATJ

Raw BPT Option 1 Option 2 Rev.Option Rev.Option ~
Load Load Load Load Load Load
.Pollutant kkg/yr kkg/yr kkg/yr kkg/yr kkg/yr kkg/yr
Total
Toxic
Loadings 3502.1 136.6 103.3 83.0 100.8 87.1
Footnotes:
1 Pretreated Raw and Current/BPT concentrations were supplied by EGD on
a plant-by-plant basis. The industry-wide Pretreated Raw direct and the
Current indirect discharge concentrations were obtained by flow-weight-
ing the data for the seventeen direct and the four indirect dischargers
studied in this analysis. The plant-by-plant Current/BPT direct dis-
charge concentrations were flow-weighted to determine the industry-wide
concentrations. The BAT industry-wide concentrations were calculated
using the Current/BPT concentrations and flow-weighting on a plant-by-
plant basis, based on the adjusted BAT flows. The flow-weighted con-
centrations were derived by multiplying the average concentrations by
the flow for each of the 17 refineries sampled. The sum of the products
divided by the total flow of the refineries sampled results in a flow-
weighted average concentration.
2 The individual toxic pollutant concentrations are listed in Section 2.3.
3 Some of the pollutants have an increased BAT concentration above Current/BPT

because of the plant-by-plant flow-weighting procedure.
133
TABLE Vl-3
OlllECT DISCHMGE
INTAKE WATER PRIORITY POLLUTANTS' DETECTION PAGE 1 of 3
SUI-UIARY OF EPA SCREENING PROGRAfl DATA
TOTAL TOTAl
PAR. PlANTS PLANTS SAHPLF.:'i TIHES
FRArTION NO. f'ARAHF.:TER UNITS SAHPLED DETECTING ANALY7Eil DfTfCTEn
--------
VOLATILES
---- ----~----
ACROLEIN
----- -------
UO/L 1:1
---------
0
--------
1:5
--------
0
2
3 AC:RYl ONITRII-E 110/L 1:5 0 1:5 0
4 BENZENE UG/L IS 1 15 1
6 CARBON TF.:TRAC:HLOR JllE UG/L 15 1 1:5 1
7 CHLOROBfNZENE UG/L 15 0 15 0
10 lr2-DJCHLORO£THANE UO/L 15 0 15 0
11 1•1rt-TRICHLOROfTHANE UO/L 15 1 1:5 1
13 1•1-DICHLOROETHANE UO/L 15 0 1:5 0
14 1•1r2-TRICHLOROfTHANE UG/l 15 0 1:5 0
15 1•1•2•2-TETRACHLOROETHANE UG/1 15 0 1:5 0
16 CHI.OROETHANE IIG/L 1:5 0 15 0
17 BIS<CHLOROHETHYL) ETHER UO/l 15 0 1:5 0
19 2-CHI.OROETHYL VINYL ETHER UOVL 1:5 0 1:5 0
23 C:HLOROfORH UO/l 1:5 3 15 3
29 1•1-DICHLOROETHYLENE 110/L 15 0 1:5 0
30 lr2-TRANS-DICHLOROFTHYLENE UG/L 15 1 15 I
32 1r2-DICHLOROPROPANE 110/L 15 0 15 0
__, 33 lr3-DICHLOROPROPYLENf. UO/L 15 0 15 0
w 38 ETHYLBENZf.NE IIG/L 15 0 15 0
~ 44 HETHYLENf CHLORIDE UO/L 15 10 15 10
45 HETHYL CHLORIDE UO/L 1:5 0 15 ()
46 HETHYL BROH I DE UG/L 15 () 15 0
47 llROH!lfORH UO/L 15 () 15 0
48 DICHLOROBROHOHf.THANf. UG/L 15 () 15 0
49 TRICHLOROFLUOROHETHANE 110/L 15 () 15 0
50 DICHLORODJFLUOROHETHANF. UO/L 15 () 15 0
51 CHLORODIBROHOHETHANE UG/L 15 0 15 0
85 TETRACHLOROETHYLENE UO/L 15 1 15 1
86 TOLUENE UO/L 15 0 15 0
87 TRICHLOROETHYLENf. UO/L 15 1 15 I
AC Uo EXTRACT 21 2•4•6-TRICHLOROPHENOI UO/L 17 0 17 0

22 PARACHLOROHETA C:Rf.SOL 110/t 17 0 17 0
24 2-CHLOROPHENOL UO/L 17 0 17 0
31 2•4-DICHLOROPHENOL UG/L 17 0 17 0
34 2•4-DlHETHYLPHf.NOL UO/L 17 0 17 0
57 2-NJTROPHfNOL UO/l 17 0 17 0
58 4-NITROPHENOL UO/l 17 0 17 0
59 2r4-DlNJTROPHENOL UO/L 17 0 17 0
60 4r6-DlNITRd-O-CRESOL UO/l 17 0 17 0
64 Pf.NTACHIOROPHf.NOL UG/L 17 0 17 0
65 PHENOL UG/l 17 2 17 2
BASE-NEUTRALS 1 AC:f.NAPHTHENE UG/L 17 2 17 2

5 BENZIDINE UO/t 17 0 17 0
8 1r2r4-TRICHLOROBfNZENE UG/L 17 0 17 0
Note: Laboratory analysis reported as less than a dctectiLn limit

is considered not detected (value= O) for this table.
L-LESS THANI T-TRAC£1 N-D NOT D£TF.CTEDI
TABLE Vl-3
lliiiECT JIS€HI\R.iE P-'.:E 2 of 3
INTAKE WA'l'ER PRIORITY POLLUTANTS' DETECTION
TOTAl. TOTAL
PAR, PlANTS PlANTS SAHPLES TIHES
FRACTION NO. PARAHETfR UNITS SAHPLED PETECTINO ANAI.YZED PETECTFD
--------
BASF-NEUTRAI.S
---- ---------
HEXACHI.OROIIENZENE
----- ------- ---------
UO/L 0
-------- --------
9 17 17 0
12 HfXACHI.OROETHANE 110/l 17 0 17 0
10 BISC2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHFR U0/1. 17 0 17 0
20 2-CHlORDNAPHrHAl.ENE UO/l 17 0 17 0
25 1r2-DICHI.OROBFNZENE UG/l 17 0 17 0
26 1o3-DICHI.OROBEN1ENE UG/l. 17 0 17 0
27 1o4-DICHI.OR09fNlENE UO/L 17 0 17 0
20 3o3'-DICHLDROBENZIDIN£ UO/l 17 0 17 0
35 2o4-DINITROTOLUENE UO/L 17 0 17 0
36 2o6-DlNITROTOlUENE UO/l 17 0 17 0
J7 1o2-DIPHENYLHYPRAZINE UO/l 17 0 17 0
39 FlliORANTHENE liO/l 17 2 17 2
40 4-CHl.ORDPHENYl PHENYL ETHER UO/l 17 0 17 0
41 4-BROHOPHf.NYl PHENYL ETHER UO/i. 17 0 17 0
42 BISC2-CHlOROISOPROPYL) ETHER U0/1. 17 0 17 0
4J BJSC2-CHLOROETHYOXY) HETHANE UO/l 17 0 17 0
52 HfXACHlOROBIITADJENE UG/L 17 0 17 0
__. 53 HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE UG/L 17 0 17 0
w 54 J:40PHORONE UO/l 17 0 17 0
U1 55 NAPHTHALENE UO/l 17 2 17 2
56 NITROBFNZENE IJO/L 17 0 17 0
61 N-NITROSODIHETHYLAHINE UO/l 17 0 17 0
62 N-NITROSODIPHFNYLAHINE IJO/l 17 0 17 0
63 N-NITROSODJ-N-PROPYLAHINE UO/L 17 0 17 0
66 8JSC2-ETHYlHEXYl) PHTHAI.ATE UO/l 17 5 17 5
67 BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE UO/l 17 0 17 0
60 DI-N-BUTYl PHTHAI.AT£ UG/l 17 4 17 4
69 DI-N-OCTYL PHTHAlATE IJO/L 17 0 17 0
70 DJETHYL PHTHALATE UG/l. 17 0 17 0
71 DIHFTHYL PHTHAlATE 110/l 17 1 17 1
72 1o2-BENZANTHRACENE UO/l 17 0 17 0
73 llfN70 CA)PYRENE UO/L 17 1 17
74 Jo4-BENZOFLUDRANTHENE UO/l 17 0 17 0
75 11o12-BENZOFLUORANTHENE 110/L 17 0 17 0
76 CHRYSFNE UO/l 17 1 17 1
77 ACFNAPHTHYLENE 110/l 17 1 17 1
70 ANTHRACENE UO/l 17 0 17 0
79 1r12-BfNZOPFRYLENE 110/l 17 0 17 0
eo FlUORENE UG/l 17 1 17 1
81 PHENANTHRENE UR/l 17 2 17 2
82 lo215o6-DIBENZANTHRACENE UG/l 17 0 17 0
83 INnfNOCto2o1-CoD) PYRENE IJG/l 17 0 17 0
8'1 PYRE HE UG/l 17 2 17 2
PESTJCIOES 89 AU•RIN UG/L 17 0 17 0

90 DTFU•RIN IJG/l 17 0 17 0
91 CHLORDANE UG/l 17 l 17 l
Note: Laboratory analysis reported as less than a
detection limit Is considered not detected
(value = 0) for this table.
l-LESS THANI T-TRACfl N-D NOT IIETfCTED I
TABLE Vl-3
Dl~ECT 1HSCIIARGE PAGE 3 of 3
INTAKE WATER PRIORITY POLLUTANTS' DETECTION
SUMJ-IARY OF EPA SCREENING PROGRAM DATA
TOTAL TOTAL
PAR, PLANTS PlANTS SAHPLES TJHES
FRACTION NO, f'ARAHETER UNITS SAHPLED OETECTJNG ANALYZED DETECTED
--------
PESTJCJ[oES
----
92
---------
4•4'-llDT
-----
UG/L
-------
17
---------
0
--------
J7
--------
0
93 4•4'-[l[lE UG/l 17 0 17 0
94 4•4'-DDO UG/L 17 0 17 0
9.5 ALPHA-ENDOSULFAN UG/1. 17 0 17 0
96 BEfA-ENllOSUIFAN UG/l 17 0 17 0
97 ENOOSULFAN SULFATE UG/l 17 0 17 0
9B fNDRJN UG/1 17 0 17 0
99 ENDRIN ALDEHYOE UG/L 17 0 17 0
100 HEPTACHLOR 110/l 17 0 17 0
101 HEPTACHLOR EPOXJDf UO/l 17 0 17 0
102 ALPHA-BHC UG/L 17 0 17 0
103 BETA-BHC UG/L 17 0 17 0
104 GAHHA-BHC UG/L 17 0 17 0
105 (lfl TA-BHC 116/L 17 0 17 0
106 f'CB-1242 UO/l 17 1 17 1
107 PCll-12!54 UG/L 17 () 17 0
__, 108 PCll-1221 UG/l l7 0 17 0
w 109 f'CB-1232 UG/L 17 0 17 0
0'1 110 PCB-1248 UG/l 17 0 17 0
1 t1 PCB-1260 UG/l 17 0 17 0
112 PCB-1016 UO/L 17 0 17 0
ltJ TOXAPHENE UG/l 17 0 17 0
129 TCDD UG/l 17 0 17 0
HETALS 114 ANTJHONY UG/l 17 0 17 0

115 ARSENIC UG/l 17 4 18 5
117 BERYL L ILIH UG/L 17 0 8!5 0
1111 CAOHIUH UG/l 17 4 85 4
119 CHROHJUH UG/1. 17 15 8!5 34
120 COPPER Ull/L 17 12 86 48
121 CYANIDE UG/L 17 3 52 4
122 LEA (I UG/L 17 10 88 26
123 HERCURY U0/1. 16 10 69 51
124 NICI<.El IJG/L 17 9 88 13
125 SELENJUH UG/l 17 6 23 10
126 Sll VER llG/l 17 1 85 2
127 THALLJUH UO/L 17 0 34 0
12R ZINC IJG/1 17 16 90 :;..,
NON-CONV, HETALS 148 HEX-CHROHIUH UG/l 16 7 48 10
HISC, 167 PHENOlICS 14AAPOI UO/L 17 9 48 17

deduction limit Is considered not detect~~
(value z 0) for this table.
l-LESS THANI T-TRACEI N-D NOT OETECTEDI

TABLE Vl-4
DIRECT DISCHARGE Page 1 of 3
SEPARATOR EFFLUENT PRIORITY POLLUTANTS' i DETECT lOri
SU~1ARY OF EPA SCREENING PROGRAM DATA
TOTAL TOTAL
PAR. PlANTS PLANTS SAHf'lES TIHES
fRACTION NO. PARAMETER UNITS SAHf'lED DETECTING ANALYZED DETECTED
--------
VOLATILES
----
2
---------
ACROlEIN
----- -------
UO/L 9
---------
0
--------
10 0
3 ACRYlONITRILE 110/L 9 0 10 0
4 BENZENE U0/1 9 8 10 9
6 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE UO/L 9 0 10 0
7 CHLOROBENZENE 110/1 9 0 10 0
10 1o2-DICHLOROETHANE UO/l 9 0 10 0
l1 lo1ol-TRICHLOROFTHANE IJB/L 9 0 10 0
13 1ol-DICHLOROETHANE UG/l. 9 0 10 0
14 lo1o2-TRICHLOROFTHANE IJG/L 9 0 10 0
15 1o1o2o2-TETRACHLORO£THANE UO/L 9 0 10 0
16 CHLOROETHANE UG/l 9 0 10 0
17 BIS<CHIOROHETHYL) ETHER UG/L 9 0 10 0
19 7-CHLOROFTHYL VINYL ETHER UO/L 9 0 10 0
23 CHUJROfORH UO/L 9 !I 10 6
29 1ol-DICHlORO£THYl.ENE UO/L 9 0 10 0
30 1o2-TRANS-DICHLOROETHYIENE UG/L 9 1 10 1
32 1o2-DICHLOROPROPANE UO/L 9 0 10 0
__. 33 lol-DICHLOROPROPYIENE UO/L 9 0 10 0
w 38 fTHYLBEN7ENE UO/l 9 6 10 7
-...J 110/L 8
44 HFTHYLFNE CHLORIDE 9 10 9
45 HETHYL CHI OR IDE UO/L 9 0 10 0
46 HfTHYL BROHI DE 110/L 9 0 10 0
47 llROHOfORH UO/L 9 0 10 0
48 DICHl.OROBROHOHETHANE UO/L 9 1 10 1
49 TRJCHLOROflUOROHETHANE UG/l 9 0 to 0
50 DICHLORODIFLUOROHETHANE UO/L 9 0 10 0
!11 CHIORODIBROHOHFTHANE 110/L 9 0 10 0
85 TETRACHlOROETHYLENE UG/L 9 1 10 1
86 TOLUENE UO/L 9 8 10 9
87 TRICHLOROETHYLENE UO/L 9 0 10 0
88 VINYL CHlORIDE UG/L 9 0 10 0
ACID EXTRACT 21 2o4o6-TRICHl.OROPHENOL UG/L 10 0 15 0
22 PARACHLOROHETA CRESOL UG/L 10 0 15 0
24 2-CHI.OROPHENOL UO/L 10 (l 15 0
31 2o4-DICHLOROPHENOL 110/L 10 0 15 0
34 2o4-DIH£THYLPHFNOL UO/L 10 5 15 6
57 2-N lTRUPHfNOL UO/L 10 1 15 1
58 4-NITROf'HENOL UG/L 10 1 15 1
59 2o4-DINITROPHFNOL UO/L 10 1 15 1
60 4o6-DINITRO-O-CRESOL UG/L 10 1 15 1
64 PENTACHlOROPHENOL U0/1 10 1 15 1
65 f'HfNOL UG/L 10 9 Hi 12
BASE-NEUTRALS t ACFNAf'HTHENE IJG/L 10 6 15 6

5 BF.:NZIDJNE UG/L 10 0 15 0
8 1o2o4-TRICHLOROBEN7ENE UO/L 10 0 15 0
detection limit is considered not detected
L-LESS THANI T-TRACFI N-It NOT PETFCTfltl
TABLE Yl-4
UIRftT BISOHAR&E Page 2 of 3
SEPARATOR EFFLUENT PRIORITY POLLUTANT~ UETECTION
SUMMARY OF EPA SCREENING PROGI:Al4 DATA
TOTAL TOTAl.
PAR. PLANTS PLANTS SAHPLES TJHES
fRACTION NO. PARAMETER UNITS SAHPLED DETECTING ANALYZED DETFCTED
-------- ---- --------- -----
UG/L
------- --------- -------- --------
0
BASE-NEUTRALS 9 HEXACHLOROBENZENE 10 0 IS
12 HEXACHLOROETHANE UG/L 10 0 15 0
18 BI8!2-CHLOROETHYLl ETHER UG/L to 0 t5 0
20 2-CHLORONAPHTHALENE UG/l. to 0 15 0
25 tr2-lliCHLOROIIENZENE UG/l. 10 0 t5 0
26 tr3-DICHLOR08ENZEHE UG/L to 0 t5 0
27 Jr4-DICHLOR08EN1ENE UG/L to 0 t5 0
28 3r3'-DICHLOROBEN11DINE UG/L 10 0 15 0
35 2r4-DINITROTOLUFNE UG/L 10 0 15 0
36 2r6-DINJTROTOLUENE UG/L 10 0 15 0
37 tr2-DIPHEHYI.HYDRAZINE UG/1. to 0 15 0
39 FLUORANTHENE UO/L 10 4 15 5
40 4-CHLOROPHEHYl. PHENYL ETHER UO/L 10 0 t5 0
4t 4-BROHOPHEHYL PHENYL ETHER U0/1. 10 0 IS 0
42 815!2-CHLOROJSOPROPYLl ETHER UG/l. 10 0 15 0
43 818!2-CHLORO£THYOXYl HFTHANE UG/L 10 0 1'5 0
52 HEXACHI.OROBUTADIENE UO/l to 0 t5 0
53 HEXACHLOROCYCI.OPENTADIENE UO/L 10 0 15 0
--' 54 ISOPHORONE UG/L 10 I 15 I
w 55 NAPHTHALENE UG/l 10 8 15 9
CX>
56 NITROBENZENE UG/1. 10 0 1'5 0
61 N-NITROSODIHETHYLAHINE UG/l 10 0 1'5 0
62 N-NITROSODIPHFNYIAHINE UG/L 10 0 1'5 0
63 N-NITROSODl-N-PROPYLAKINE UO/l 10 0 1'5 0
66 BI8!2-ETHYLHEXYLl PHTHALATE UG/L 10 4 1'5 7
67 llUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE UG/l 10 0 15 0
68 DI-N-BUTYl. PHTHAlATE UG/L 10 1 1'5 1
69 01-H-OCTYL PHTHALATE UO/l 10 0 15 0
70 DIETHYL PHTHALATE IJG/1. 10 1 1'5 1
71 DIHETHYL PHTHALATE U0/1. 10 0 15 0
72 lr2-BFH7ANTHRACENE UO/l. 10 0 15 0
73 BENZO !AlPYRENE UG/l 10 0 15 0
74 3r4-BfNZOFLIJORANTHENE UG/l. 10 0 15 0
75 t1r12-BENZOFLUORANTHENE UG/1. JO 0 1'5 0
76 CHRYSENE UG/L 10 4 1'5 8
77 ACENAPHTHYLEN£ UG/l 10 J 15 J
78 ANTHRACENE IJR/L 10 1 15 1
79 1r12-BENZOPERYLENF. UG/L 10 0 15 0
80 FlUORENE UO/L 10 2 15 3
81 f"HENANTHRF.NE UG/l JO 6 15 8
82 1o21'5r6-DI8fNZANTHRACENE UG/l. 10 0 15 0
83 INDEN0<1r2r3-CrDl f"YRENE UG/L 10 0 15 0
84 f"YRENE llG/l. 10 2 15 2
PESTJCIDES 89 ALDRIN UG/l. 10 1 15 1
90 DIELDRIN IJG/L 10 0 15 0
91 CHLORMNE uo/t 10 0 15 0
Note: laboratory analysis reported as less~~~ a
L-LESS THANI T-TRACEi N-D NOT [oFJECT[[II (value = 0) for this table.
TABLE Vl-4
OI:!ECT iliSCHAn!l£ Page 3 Of 3
SEPARATOR EFFLUENT PRIORITY POLLUTANTS' llETECTION
SUI.U<!ARY OF EPA SCREENING PROGRAM DATA
TOTAL TOTAL
PAR. PLANTS PLANTS SAHPLES TINES
FRACTION NO. PARAHETER UNITS SAHPLED DETECTING ANALYlfD DETECTfll
--------
PESTICIDES
----
92
---------
4•4'-DDT
----- -------
UO/L 10
---------
0
--------
15
---
0
93 4•4'-DDE UO/L 10 I IS
94 4•4'-DDD UO/L 10 0 1S 0
9S ALPHA-ENPOSULFAN UO/L 10 0 1S 0
96 BfTA-f.NPOSUI.FAN UO/L 10 1 1S 1
97 fNDOSULFAN SULFATE UO/L 10 0 IS 0
911 fNDRIN 110/L 10 0 IS 0
99 f.NDRIN AI.DEHYDE: U0/1 10 0 1S 0
100 HfPTACHLOR UO/L 10 0 IS 0
101 HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDf. UO/L JO 0 IS 0
102 AIPHA-BHC 110/L 10 0 IS 0
103 BE:TA-BHC UO/L 10 0 IS 0
104 OAI111A-8HC 110/L 10 0 IS 0
lOS llf.L TA-BHC UG/L 10 I IS I
106 PCB-1242 IIG/L 10 3 IS 3
107 f'CB-12S4 UO/L 10 0 IS 0
108 PCB-1221 110/L 10 I 15
109 PCB-1232 UO/L 10 2 15 2
--' 110 PCB-1248 IIG/1. 10 0 15 0
w 111 PCB-1260 UO/L 10 0 IS 0
\.0 112 PCB-1016 U0/1. 10 3 IS 3
11:1 TOXAF·HENE UG/L 10 0 15 0
129 TCDio 110/L 10 0 IS 0
11ETAL!i 114 ANTIHONY UG/L 10 2 IS 2
11S ARSf.NIC UO/L 10 5 19 IJ
117 BERYLLI,UH UG/L 10 1 75 1
liB CADIUUH UO/l J() I 78 4
119 CHROHIUI1 Ull/L 10 10 92 80
120 COPPER UO/L 10 8 79 61
121 CYANIIlf. UG/L 10 9 47 38
122 LEAD UIVL 10 7 81 39
123 Hf.RCURY UO/L 10 7 80 61
124 NICI<EL 110/L 10 7 78 17
125 SELE:NIUI1 Ull/L 10 4 39 29
126 SILVER 110/L 10 1 7S 3
127 THAI UUH UO/l 10 1 40 4
128 ZINC llll/1. 10 10 100 89
NON-CONV, HE:TAI.S 148 HEX-CHROHJUI1 UG/L 9 6 42 22
HISC, 167 PHFNOLJCS (4AAP0) IJG/L 10 10 48 46

L-LESS THANI T-TRACEI N-D NOT DfTE:CTEDI

1 of 2
TABLE VI-5
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS NOT DETECTED IN TREATED EFFLUENTS

DISCHARGED DIRECTLY, AND EXCLUDED FROM REGULATION
Pursuant to Paragraph 8(a)(iii) of the Settlement Agreement, the following 98

priority pollutants are excluded from national regulation because they were not
detected in effluents from BPT treatment systems by Section 304(h) analytical
methods or other state-of-the-art methods:
EPA EPA
No. Priority Pollutant No. Prioritl Pollutant
2 acrolein 52 hexachlorobutadiene
3 acrylonitrile 53 hexachlorocyclopentadiene
5 benzidine 54 isophorone
6 carbon tetrachloride 55 naphthalene
7 chlorobenzene 56 nitrobenzene
8 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 57 2-nitrophenol
9 hexachlorobenzene 58 4-nitrophenol
10 1,2-dichloroethane 59 2,4-dinitrophenol
11 1,1,1-trichloroethane 60 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
12 hexachloroethane 61 N-nitrosodimethylamine
13 1,1-dichloroethane 62 N-nitrosodiphenylamine
14 1,1,2-trichloroethane 63 N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
15 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 64 pentachlorophenol
16 chloroethane 65 phenol
18 bis(2-chloroethyl)ether 67 butyl benzyl phthalate
19 2-chloroethylvinyl ether 69 di-n-cetyl phthalate
20 2-chloronaphthalene 72 benzo(a)anthracene
21 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 74 3,4-benzofluoranthene
24 2-chlorophenol 75 benzo(k)fluoranthane
25 1,2-dichlorobenzene 77 acenaphthylene
26 1,3-dichlorobenzene 78 anthracene
27 1,4-dichlorobenzene 79 benzo(ghi)perylene
28 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine 80 fluorene
29 1,1-dichloroethylene 82 dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
30 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene 83 ideno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
32 1,2-dichloropropane 85 tetrachloroethylene
33 1,3-dichloropropylene 87 trichloroethylene
34 2,4-dimethylphenol 88 vinyl chloride
35 2,4-dinitrotoluene 89 aldrin
36 2-6-dinitrotoluene 90 dieldrin
37 1,2-diphenylhydrazine 91 chlordane
38 ethyl benzene 92 4,4'-DDT
39 fluoranthene 93 4,4'-DDE
40 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether 94 4,4'-DDD
41 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether 95 alpha-endosulfan
42 bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether 96 beta-endosulfan
43 bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane 97 endosulfan sulfate
45 methyl chloride 98 endrin
46 methyl bromide 99 endrin aldehyde
47 bromoform 100 heptachlor
48 dichlorobromomethane 101 heptachlor epoxide
51 chlorodibromomethane 102 alpha-BHC
140
2 of 2
TABLE VI-S (Cont'd)
EPA EPA
No. Prioritl Pollutant No. Prioritl Pollutant
103 beta-BHC 110 PCB-1248
104 gamma-BHC 111 PCB-1260
105 delta-BHC 112 PCB-1016
106 PCB-1242 113 toxaphene
107 PCB-1254 114 antimony (total)
108 PCB-1221 116 asbestos
109 PCB-1232 129 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin (TCDD)
141
TABLE VI-6
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS DETECTED IN TREATED EFFLUENTS

DISCHARGED DIRECTLY, BUT EXCLUDED FROM REGULATION
I. Pursuant to Paragraph 8(a)(iii) of the Settlement Agreement, the following

25 priority pollutants are excluded from national regulation because they
are already effectively controlled by technologies upon which other
effluent limitations and guidelines are based:
EPA EPA
No. Priority Pollutant No. Priority Pollutant
1 acenaphthene 115 arsenic

4 benzene 117 beryllium
22 parachlorometacresol 118 cadmium
23 chloroform 120 copper
31 2,4-dichlorophenol 121 cyanide
68 di-n-butyl phthalate 122 lead
70 diethyl phthalate 123 mercury
71 dimethyl phthalate 124 nickel
73 benzo(a)pyrene 125 selenium
76 chrysene 126 silver
81 phenanthrene 127 thallium
84 pyrene 128 zinc
86 toluene
II. Pursuant to Paragraph 8(a)(iii) of the Settlement Agreement, the following

two priority pollutants are excluded from national regulation because
their detection is believed to be attributed to laboratory analysis and
sample contamination:
EPA
No. Priority Pollutant
44 methylene chloride
66 bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
142
TABLE VI-7
S~attstlcal ~nalysls Table for ~he Petroleum Refining lndustry 1

Direct 01scharge - Current/BPT
Average Ma:diiiUII
FIow-Weighted Pollu~ent
Poll. Cone. Concentret ton Frequency
Po II u1'an1' (UQ/f) (UQ/1) of De1'ect1on
Chlorotornt 3.1 66 2/17

Benzene 2.3 11 3/17
Toluene 10.1 35 1/17
3
2.4-Dfchlorophenol 0.2 10 1117
3
p-ehloro-m-eresol 0.3 10 1/17
3
Olme1'hyl phttlalate 0.1 3 1/17
Dle~hyl ph1'halate 1.5 .30 1/17
DI-n-butyl phthalate 0.04 10 2/17
Ac:en8C)h~hene 1.1 6 1/17
3
Benzo(aJpyrene 0.1 3 2/17
Chyrsene o.o2 1 2/17
Phenanthrene 0.2 1 1/17
Pyrena 0.1 7 1/17
2
~rsenfc o.o1 31 3/17
Berylltum 0.04 2 2/51
Cadmium 3 0.25 20 3/53
Chromium <Trivalent) 107.8 1230 41/53
Chromium (Hexavalent) 7.7 110 8/48
~per 9.8 199 26/50
Cyanide 45.5 320 26/39
Lead 5.2 113 10/54
Mercury 0.9 6 20/45
Nickel 3.4 74
Selenium
Stiver 3
17.2
0.04
32
4
"'"
17/20
1/47
3
Thai llum 3.2 12 5/14
ZTne 104.6 620 43/59
FootnoTe:
'All 129 prTorTty pollutan1's were analyzed during the sampiTng of the Current/BPT
wasTestreem. Thirteen organic polluTants and fourTeen Inorganic pollu1'an1"s were deTected.
The Curren1"/BPT concentratTons were calculated by flow-welgh1"Tng the data avallabl& for
the sevenTeen dTrect dTschargers sampled.
2Low values were not' Included, and were assumed to be no~ Quan1"1fTable. HTgh values
were noT Tncluded because laboratory conTamlnaTTon was suspected; therefore, data were
assumed to be rnva I I d.
3The Curren't/BPT polluTan't concenTration Is greater than In the Pretreated Raw

wastestream because of the variability of the daTa during sampling.
143
TABLE VI-8
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS NOT DETECTED IN TREATED EFFLUENTS

DISCHARGED TO POTW, AND EXCLUDED FROM REGULATION
Pursuant to Paragraph 8(a)(iii) of the Settlement Agreement, the following 75

priority pollutants are excluded from national regulation because they were
not detected by Section 304(h) analytical methods or other-state-of-the-art
methods in effluents discharged to POTW:
EPA EPA
No. Prioritl Pollutant No. Prioritl Pollutant
3 acrylonitrile 62 N-nitrosodiphenylamine
5 benzidine 63 N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine
6 carbon tetrachloride 66 bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
8 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 69 d-n-octyl phthalate
9 hexachlorobenzene 71 dimethyl phthalate
12 hexachloroethane 74 3,4-benzofluoranthene
13 1,1-dich~oroethane 75 benzo(k)fluoranthane
14 1,1,2-trichloroethane 79 benzo(ghi)perylene
15 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 82 dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
16 chloroethane 83 ideno(l,2,3-C,D)pyrene
18 bis(2-chloroethyl)ether 87 trichloroethylene
19 2-chloroethylvinyl ether 88 vinyl chloride
20 2-chloronaphthalene 90 dieldrin
21 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 91 chlordane
22 parachlorometa cresol 94 4,4'-DDD
25 1,2-dichlorobenzene 95 alpha-endosulfan
26 1,3-dichlorobenzene 97 endosulfan sulfate
27 1,4-dichlorobenzene 98 endrin
28 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine 99 endrin aldehyde
29 1,1-dichloroethylene 100 heptachlor
31 2,4-dichlorophenol 101 heptachlor epoxide
32 1,2-dichloropropane 102 alpha-BHC
33 1,3-dichloropropylene 103 beta-BHC
35 2,4-dinitrotoluene 104 gamma-BHC (lindane)
36 2-6-dinitrotoluene 106 PCB-1242
37 1,3-diphenylhydrazine 107 PCP-1254
41 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether 108 PCB-1221
42 bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether 109 PCB-1232
43 bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane 110 PCB-1248
44 methylene chloride 111 PCB-1260
45 methyl chloride 112 PCB-1016
46 methyl bromide 113 toxaphene
47 bromoform 114 antimony (total)
51 chlorodibromomethane 116 asbestos
52 hexachlorobutadiene 126 silver (total)
53 hexachlorocyclopentadiene 127 thallium (total)
56 nitrobenzene 129 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-
61 N-nitrosodimethylamine dioxin (TCDD)
144
1 of 2
TABLE VI-9
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS DETECTED IN EFFLUENTS

DISCHARGED TO POTW, BUT EXCLUDED FROM REGULATION
I. Pursuant to Paragraph 8(b)(i) of the Settlement Agreement, the following 5

priority pollutants are excluded from regulation because 95 percent or
more of all point sources in the subcategory introduce into POTW only
pollutants which are susceptible to treatment by the POTW and which do not
interfere with, do not pass through, or are not otherwise incompatible
with such treatment works:
EPA
No. Priority Pollutant
24 2-chlorophenol
57 2-nitrophenol
77 acenaphthylene
80 fluorene
125 selenium
II. Pursuant to Paragraph 8(b)(ii) of the Settlement Agreement, the following

33 priority pollutants are excluded from regulation because the amount and
toxicity of each pollutant do not justify developing national
regulations:
EPA EPA
2 acrolein 85 tetrachloroethylene
7 chlorobenzene 89 aldrin
10 1,2-dichloroethane 92 4,4'-DDT
11 1,1,1-trichloroethane 93 4,4'-DDE
23 chloroform 96 beta endosulfan
30 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene 105 delta BHC
39 fluoranthene 115 arsenic
40 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether 117 beryllium
48 dichlorobromomethane 118 cadmium
60 4,6 dinitro-o-cresol 120 copper
64 pentachlorophenol 121 cyanide
67 butyl benzyl phthalate 122 lead
68 di-n-butyl phthalate 123 mercury
70 diethyl phethalate 124 nickel
72 benzo(a)anthracene 128 zinc
73 benzo(a)pyrene
76 chrysene
84 pyrene
145
2 of 2
TABLE VI-9 (Cont'd)
III. Pursuant to Paragraphs 8(a)(iii), 8(a)(iv), and 8(b) of the Settlement

Agreement, the following 12 priority pollutants are excluded from regula-
tion for the following reasons. (1) There is significant removal of
several of the pollutants by the technology upon which existing pretreat-
ment standards for oil and grease are based. (2) There is significant
removal of all these pollutants by the POTW treatment system. (3) The
amount and toxicity of the pollutants do not justify developing national
pretreatment standards.
EPA EPA
1 acenaphthene 58 4-nitrophenol
4 benzene 59 2,4-dinitrophenol
34 2,4-dimethylphenol 65 phenol
38 ethyl benzene 78 anthracene
54 isophorone 81 phenanthrene
55 naphthalene 86 toluene
146
1 of 2
TABLE VI-10
Stattsttcal Analysts Table for the Petroleum Reftntng lndustry1

lncUrec:t Dtscharge - Current
Awrage Max t111U11

, low-wet ght.ci Pollutant
~~I. Cone. Conc:entratf on Fr"equency
Po II u1'an1' (UQ/1) (ua/1) of Detect 1Otl
Acrolein 0.7 100 1129

ltldr"fn 0.6 12 3/22
1-BHC 0.6 12 2127
ODE 0.4 7 1/27
DOT 0.01 1/28
~ndoeultan
lsotlllof"Ofte
0.6 13' 1/29
3/27
293 •.3 "~
Dfchlorobr"o...thane o.t 24 1/28
CJtlorofot'll 24.6 tOO 17/28
1,2-Dfchloroethane 0.9 3/29
1,1,1•Tr"fchloro.thane 0.5 "14 1/28
Tr-ans-1,2-Dtchlcroethene o.1 20 1/29
Tefradll oroethene 0.4 ~ 1/29
4-Ct lor-ophenypheny I
ether 1.4 30 21/27
Benzene 148.8 ~ 1/28
CJtlor-obenzene o.1 31 17127
Ethy I benzene 12.3.8 18000 20/27
Toluene 398.1 48000 20/27
""enol 1368.7 33~ 1127
2-cb Ior-opheno I 28.5 31, 1/27
Pen1'ach Ior-opheno I 2.2 I 830 1127
2-NI'tr"ophenol
4-N I 'tr"opheno I
65.5
'61.4
II 1.3~
,800
1129
4/29
2,4-Dtnl'tr"ophenol 1068.4 I 11000 3/29
2,4-01-.thylphenol 1207.7 18.300. 17/27
4, 6-01 n I1'r'o-o-cr..o I
0 I e1'hy I phthela~
2.9
1.5
I 60
38
1/29
4/27
DI-n-butyl phthalate 0.1 40 1/27
Butyl benzyl phthalate 0.04 16 2127
Acenaphthene 188.9 ,22 6/27
Ac:enaphthylene 81.5 665 4/27
Anttracene 119.2 17,0 7127
Benzo(a)anthr"acene 0.4 12 1/27
147
2 of 2
TABLE VI-10 (Continued)
Statls~lcal Analysis Table tor the Petroleu• Refining lndusfryf

lndlrec:t Dfscha~ge - Cw-f"en~
CCon't I nued )
Average Max(-
F1~1gn1'ed Pollutan1'
Poll. Cone. Concerrtr-a~ I on Frequency
Pollu'tan~ (UQ/1) (UQ/1) of Oetec:tfon
Benzo(a)p'l"ft• 0.03 to t/29

Cbrysene 5•.3 30 4/TT
Fluoranthene 6•.3 812 4/27
Fluorene 50.5 495 4/TT
NaphThalene 581.6 31~ 18/26
Ptlenan'ttrene 234.7 f750 15/TT
Pyrene 4.6 f6 5127
Arsenlcl 0• .3 4f 9129
Bery I II \Ill o.1 2 3/63
Cad•fu• 0.03 3 t/6.3
Chf"OIIfu. CTr Iva len~) 75f. f 2196 5ant
Chr~fu• CHexavaleM) 115.8 410 23/60
Cec»IW' 80.6 510 52/66
Cyanide 195.2 3000 ""6
Lead 24.6 958 21/66
Mercury t.a 78 28/65
Nickel 14.6 771 6/66
SeleniUII 5f.2 322 f0/78
Zinc 429.4 3000 65na
Footnote:
1Atl 129 priority poll~an~s were analyzed during 1'tle .-,ling of the Cul"r-
....,...n-.... FOI'"Ty organIc pol I unn1's and twelve I norgan I c po 1 I unn'ts were de~ec:ted. The
pollu1'an1' concentrrtlons were obtained fre~~ flow-welglt~fng the dan for se¥en1'...,
Pr-..n-ee~ed Raw d I rec:t and the fOUl" Cw-rwrt I nd I rec:t d I sd'targers s~ud I ed In 1'ft Is analysIs.
PSES I ftal~s for toxic poll~an~s ar• assumed to ,._In a~ Curr- levels. There Is no
f I ow r-educ:t I on a~ PSES.
~ va I ues ..,.. not Inc I uded, and assumed to be not quan~ If I ab I e. HI gn val u•s
wet" a
were not Included because laboratory con1'•1na1'1on was suspected; therefor-e, dan were
assu..-:1 to be Invalid.
148
SECTION VII
CONTROL AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
This section describes the control and treatment technologies
that are determined to be feasible methods for the reduction of
pollutants in petroleum refining wastewater. In identifying
these technologies, the Agency assumed that each refinery had or
would install the best practicable control technology currently
available (BPCTCA) to comply with BPT limitations (3). The
treatment technologies described below can further reduce the
amount of pollutants discharged to navigable waters. They are
divided into two broad classes: in-plant source control and
end-of-pipe treatment. (A discussion of BPT technologies is also
presented here for completeness). These two "classes" are
discussed in the following paragraphs, along with a description
of existing wastewater treatment and its effectiveness in the
industry.
IN-PLANT SOURCE CONTROL
In-plant source control reduces the overall pollutant load that
must be treated by an end-of-pipe system and reduces or
eliminates a particular pollutant before it is diluted in the
main wastewater stream.
In developing an in-plant control scheme, the source of each
particular pollutant must be identified and evaluated as to
whether it can be eliminated or reduced. Sampling the wastewater
at various points within the refinery sewer, beginning at the
end-of-pipe treatment system and ending at the process units,
produces a profile of the refinery sewer, which shows the origin
and flow path of the pollutant in question.
Once the source of the particular pollutant is identified, the
next step is to determine if the pollutant can be (a} removed
with an in-plant treatment system; (b) eliminated by chemical
substitution; or (c) reduced by recycling or reusing the
particular wastewater stream. In-plant source control is further
discussed below in terms of treatment options, chemical
substitution, wastewater reduction, and wastewater reuse.
In-Plant Treatment Options
In all in-plant treatment options, the process waste streams
under consideration must be segregated. If a particular
pollutant (or pollutants) has more than one source, they all
require segregation from the main wastewater sewer. However,
similar sources can be combined for treatment in one system. Sour
water, for example is produced at various locations within a
149
refinery complex but can be treated as a combined wastewater
stream.
Sour water and cooling tower blowdown are the two waste streams
for which in-plant treatment is now practiced or is available.
Sour Water. Sour water generally results from water brought into
direct contact with a hydrocarbon stream. Direct contact results
when steam is used as a stripping or mixing medium or when water
is used as a washing medium, as in the crude desalting unit.
Sour water contains sulfides, ammonia, and phenols.
The most common in-plant treatment schemes for sour waters
involve sour water stripping, sour water oxidizing, or combin-
ations of the two. These systems can greatly reduce sulfides and
ammonia levels, and can also remove some phenols (24). Table
VII-1 summarizes the extent of this technology in the refining
industry. The operation of sour water strippers and sour water
oxidizers is discussed at great length in numerous technical
publications (3, 6, 18, 20, 24, 28, 48}. A sour water stripping
study was undertaken in 1972 by the American Petroleum Institute
(24). The results of this survey showed that 17 of 31 refluxed
sour water strippers and 12 of 24 non-refluxed sour water
strippers removed more than 99 percent of the sulfides. An
additional nine refluxed and three non-refluxed units removed
more than 99 percent of the sulfides and more than 95 percent of
the ammonia. The data thus suggest that, overall, refluxed
columns remove greater percentages of both pollutants. Note that
of the five two-stage units studied, only one unit removed large
percentages of both pollutants. Six of the seven strippers
operating with flue or fuel gases removed over 99 percent of the
sulfides. However, none of these units removed a high percentage
of ammonia.
The average effluent concentration of all refluxed, non-refluxed,
and flue gas units that removed more than 99 percent of the
sulfide was 6.7 mg/L of sulfide. The average effluent from all
units that removed more than 95 percent of the ammonia was 62.5
mg/L of ammonia. These averages are based upon a wide range of
influent and effluent values.
Existing sour water stripper performance can be improved by (a)
increasing the number of trays, (b) increasing the steam rate,
(c) increasing tower height, and/or (d) adding a second column· in
series (107). All these methods are now available to the
refining industry.
Biological treatment to remove total phenols is also a
demonstrated technology in this industry (48). Biological
treatment of stripped sour waters may prove cost-effective in
removing any biodegradable organic priority pollutants that may
originate in this waste stream.
150
Phenols can also be removed from the sour water waste stream by
the addition of oxidizing agents, such as ozone (51), hydrogen
peroxide (11), chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and potassium
permanganate (113).
A recent research project demonstrated that activated carbon also
removes phenolic compounds. The experiment showed that activated
carbon has a high affinity for phenolic compounds, requiring
relatively short detention times. Activated carbon treatment in
sour water streams may also remove any other organic priority
pollutants present·. Refinery 237 uses activated carbon to treat
the sour water waste stream, and the Agency has investigated this
particular system further.
Cooling Tower Slowdown. Metals (such as chromium and zinc) and
phosphate can be removed by precipitation and clarification at a
relatively high pH (8 to 10). Hexavalent chromium, however, must
be first reduced to the trivalent state before it can be
precipitated and removed by clarification. Reduction is usually
accomplished by adding sulfur dioxide, ferrous sulfate, or sodium
bisulfite. The pH of the wastewater then rises with the addition
of lime or caustic (lime is preferred if phosphates are to be
precipitated), and the wastewater stream is clarified.
Flocculants and flocculant aids, such as ferric chloride, alum,
and polymers, can be added to increase removal efficiencies.
Japan's Mitsubishi Petrochemical Company has reported a new
treatment technique for the removal of heavy metal ions (126).
The system involves electrolytic coagulation in which electrical
currents cause an iron electrode to dissolve. The iron combines
with heavy metals and added hydroxide ion to form a sludge that
can be precipitated rapidly from solution. Magnets aid the
settling process. Mitsubishi reports that the new treatment
system can reduce Cr+6 concentration to less than 0.05 ppm in
2900 gallons of metal plating wastewater. This system could be
used to treat cooling tower blowdown streams at petroleum
refineries.
Chemical Substitution
Chemicals are added to cooling tower recirculating water and
boiler water to reduce corros1on, scaling, and biological growth.
These chemicals usually include chromium, zinc, phosphates, and
free chlorine.
Using organic chemicals to replace zinc and chromium solutions is
also a viable alternative (53,54). Molybdates are also a
practical alternative (55). (Molybdates are compounds containing
the anion M04 -2 )
151
Wastewater Reduction
Reduction in water usage may sometimes be more cost-effective if
the wastewater discharge is reduced, rather than reusing or
recycling the existing amount of wastewater discharged. Good
housekeeping is one inexpensive method of reducing wastewater and
may include (a) shutting down pump gland cooling water lines on
pumps that are out of service; (b) shutting down washdown hoses
that are not in use, (c) eliminating leaks, (d) using dry
cleaning methods, and (e) using vacuum trucks to clean up oil
spills. Numerous other housekeeping procedures are commonly
practiced throughout the industry.
Many new and modified refineries incorporate reduced water use
and pollutant loading into their design. Some of these
modifications include:
o Substitution of improved catalysts that require less
regeneration.
0 Replacement of barometric condensers with surface
condensers or air fan coolers.
o Replacement of surface condensers with air fan coolers.
0 Use of hydrocracking and hydrotreating processes that
produce lower wastewater loadings than existing
processes.
o Increased use of improved drying, sweetening, and
finishing procedures to minimize spent caustics and
acids, water washes, and filter solids requiring
disposal.
o Recycle of wastewater at the process units to reduce the
amount of wastewater leaving the process area.
A major process change that can reduce wastewater is the
substitution of air cooling devices for water cooling systems.
Many refineries have installed air cooling systems with their new
process installations, thereby reducing the additional wastewater
production associated with increased refinery complexity.
Of the 78 refineries for wh~ch comparative data are available
between 1972 and 1976, the use of air cooling systems has
increased at 39 refineries, has decreased at 26 refineries, and
has remained the same at 13 refineries. Increased use of air
cooling systems can reduce the quantity of cooling tower blowdown
discharges that require treatment.
Another method of reducing wastewater is to eliminate cooling
water from general purpose pumps (117). In certain instances the
elimination of water can increase machinery reliability, reduce
152
capital expenditures for piping and water treatment facilities,
and save operating costs. Guidelines are available for
implementing a well-planned, step-by-step program of deleting
cooling water from pumps and drivers. These procedures have been
successfully implemented on a full-scale basis (117).
Wastewater Reuse
Many streams, such as treated sour waters, cooling tower
blowdowns, and utility blowdowns, are suitable for use as wash
water and fire system water. However, before reusing wastewater
for these purposes, each plant must be investigated to determine
the technical and economic feasibility.
Wastew~ ~rs emanating from end-of-pipe BPT facilities are
generally of such quality that reuse can be quite attractive.
Uses for treated refinery wastewaters include makeup water for
cooling towers, pump gland cooling systems, washdown water, and
fire water systems.
A number of articles in recent years describe actual reuse
practices at one refinery (41, 57, 58). This plant reuses most
of its treated wastewater as makeup to the cooling tower and fire
water systems. In practice, the cooling towers act as biological
treatment units, removing over 99 percent of the phenols present
(41). The refinery reuses approximately 4.5 million gallons of
process wastewater per day in the cooling towers; about 2.2
million gallons of cooling tower blowdown per day are sand
filtered and discharged to the receiving stream. The difference,
over 2 million gallons per day, is evaporated in the cooling
towers or in an impounding basin (58). Wastewater reuse began at
this refinery in 1954. Years of operating experience have
confirmed that reuse water is a satisfactory makeup supply to
cooling towers and does not require special water conditioning or
treatment. Continued monitoring has confirmed that the system
has no problems of corrosion, heat transfer, or cooling tower
wood deterioration. Refinery management has concluded that
cooling water reuse is an economically sound practice, paying
significant dividends in terms of both pollution abatement and
water conservation {57).
Finelt and Crump (128) report that refiners faced with increasing
freshwater. costs may direct their water management policies
toward the recirculation of treated water. Properly treated
wastewater can be recycled as makeup to the cooling tower system.
At new refineries, the recycle system could be justified
economically over a non-recycle system for a number of reasons.
There are a number of factors to be considered, most notably the
cost. The cost of fresh water primarily determines the least
costly system. At existing well-operated facilities, only at
very high freshwater costs can the recycle system prove to be
less costly than a non-recycle system. However, application of
153
recycle technology can reduce effluent discharge by up to 90
percent.
The use of sour waters as makeup to the desalter is a proven
technology in this industry. This practice does remove some
phenol because the phenolics are extracted from the sour water
while the crude is washed. However, the removal efficiency
varies greatly, depending on a number of factors, and this
treatment scheme may not be a practical alt~rnative for some
refineries (48). Certain crudes, particularly California crudes,
may present problems in reusing sour waters in the desalter
because they produce emulsions in the desalter effluent.
Table VII-2 identifies refineries with California crudes that
recycle wastewater; the table also lists the percentage of
California crudes that makeup crude capacity and the percentage
of reused sour waters. These data show that refineries
processing California crudes do not use large percentages of sour
water in the desalter. In fact, refineries that use a large
percentage of California crudes appear to reuse less sour water
than refineries that process a small percentage of California
crude. However, Table VII-3 shows that five of the six plants in
this analysis do reuse sour water elsewhere in the refinery.
Sour water from stripper bottoms has other demonstrated uses in
the petroleum refining industry (36). It can be reused as
cooling tower makeup and as process wash water. In the
biological environment in most cooling systems, 90 percent or
more of the phenols present can be removed (36).
The 1977 Survey shows that 36 refineries reuse 100 percent of
their treated sour waters in the desalter, while an additional 43
plants reuse at least some portion of their treated sour waters
in the desalter. In addition, 32 refineries reuse treated sour
waters in some other process. Of these plants, four reuse 100
percent of their treated sour waters as makeup to cooling towers.
Table VII-3 summarizes the extent of industry reuse of treated
sour waters.
The American Petroleum Institute published Water Reuse Studies in
August 1977 (150). This document presents methods for achieving
zero discharge, including:
o Recycle and reuse of treated effluent as well as other
wastewaters
o Recovery and reuse of condensate streams
o Evaporation of wastewater with waste heat
0 Use of brine concentrators to eliminate high TDS streams.
154
The API report concludes that for most existing refineries, "(1).
engineering concepts are available which indicate complete reuse
of refinery water is technically possible and (2) the capital and
operating costs appear favorable for complete recycle
."(150}.
The recycle of treated effluent as cooling tower makeup or for
other uses is certainly a viable treatment alternative.
Significant reductions in wastewater generation can decrease the
quantities of pollutants discharged to navigable waters. When
refineries improve the present wastewater management system by
minimizing cooling tower blowdown, the treated effluent to be
recycled may require softening before recirculation.
To determine an upper limit of how much treated wastewater can be
reused as cooling tower makeup, the amount of cooling tower
makeup required by each plant in the industry is summarized in
Table VII-4. The percentage of cooling tower makeup water in the
total wastewater discharged is also shown. This table has been
derived from the 1977 survey data base. Approximately half the
facilities have a cooling tower makeup water requirement that
equals or exceeds the total refinery discharge flow.
In order to determine the degree of flow reduction that can be
achieved on a national basis, EPA developed a flow model. The
objective of the model was to estimate the average wastewater
discharge flow from refineries which use similar processes. The
model established which refineries are discharging less flow than
other facilities. The higher flow refineries may be subject to
flow reduction requirements.
In the proposed revisions of December 1979, an industry average
flow reduction of 52% was required. This reduction level was
determined by selecting the medium performance of refineries
which are discharging less then the model predicts. The flow
model upon which the proposal was based was found to be
statistically deficient. A refined flow model was developed (see
Section IV).The overall flow reduction as calculated from the
refined flow model is 37.5%. For the purpose of confirming the
achievability of this flow level, a detailed engineering study
was conducted at 15 refineries located throughout the United
States. The results of this study showed that the 37.5%
reduction on an industry wide basis is technically achievable
(159). A summary of the techniques identified for reusing
wastewaters and reducing discharge flow rates at the refineries
studied is presented in Table VII-S.
~-OF-~ TREATMENT
End-of-pipe treatment is defined here as all wastewater treatment
systems that follow an API separator or a similar oil/water
separation unit. The following end-of-pipe treatment techniques
are available for the reduction of pollutants in petroleum
155
refining wastewater: a} biological treatment, b) filtration, c)
granular activated carbon, d) powdered activated carbon, e)
cyanide removal, and f) metals removal. These techniques are
discussed below, along with the carbon studies conducted by the
EPA Kerr Lab, and ultimate disposal methods.
Biological Treatment
Biological treatment is the basic process by which most
refineries meet existing BPT guidelines. Very large amounts of
oxygen-demanding compounds (as measured by the BOD1, COD, and TOC
test methods) are removed at many refineries through the
application of well-designed and well-operated biological
treatment systems (146).
Many options are available to plants which would upgrade their
present biological systems. These include compartmentalized
oxidation ponds to provide preliminary mechanical aeration,
revamping of aerated lagoon systems into activated sludge
systems, and converting of standard activated sludge systems to
pure oxygen systems. Other modifications can improve the
operating efficiency of particular biological treatment units,
but each plant must be investigated to determine the feasibility
of such modification.
Rotating Biological Contactors (RBC's) have attracted widespread
attention in the United States since 1969. RBC's generally
consist of rows of plastic disks mounted on horizontal shafts
that turn slowly keeping the disk about 40 percent immersed in a
shallow tank containing wastewater (see Figure VII-1). The RBC
is a combination fixed film reactor and-mechanical aerator. The
fixed film reactor is the disk upon which microorganisms attach
themselves and grow. Mechanical aeration occurs during the
portion of each rotation that a section of disk is above water
level. Microorganisms produce a film on the surface of ~he disk
which removes organic matter from the wastewater. Biodegradation
of organic matter causes biomass to accumulate on the surface of
each disk. Excess biomass is stripped and returned to the
wastewater stream by the shearing action of water against
rotating disks. Waste biomass is held in suspension by the
mixing action of the disks, and carried out of the reactor for
removal by a clarifier. Treatment efficiency can be improved by
increasing the number of RBC's in series, and by temperature
control, sludge recycle, and chemical addition.
RBC's have characteristics such as ability to sustain shock
loads, modular expansion, and low power consumption which may be
especially attractive for industrial application.
Full scale RBC installations treating refinery wastewaters have
resulted in removal of oxygen demanding pollutants comparable to
activated sludge and trickling filter systems (23, 172, 173).
These refineries did not report removal effectiveness for
156
priority pollutants, however, they do report 4AAP phenol removals
ranging from 42 percent to 97 percent. Data from the Regional
Surveillance and Analysis program show one refinery using RBC's,
Refinery 131, which achieved priority pollutant removals similar
to the BPT systems studied in the 17 refinery B&R/RSKERL sampling
program (158, Appendix B).
The sampling data presented in Section v indicate that biological
treatment can remove organic priority pollutants to low levels
(10-100 ug/L). These samples are from both industry and POTW and
were collected and analyzed by EPA for this study.
Filtration
Filtration, utilized as a polishing step after biological
treatment, is part of model BPT treatment (3). The survey
results indicate that 27 of the 259 respondents use filtration as
part of the existing treatment schem~, including plants that use
filtration before biological treatment. Sixteen other
refineries plan to install filtration systems in the near future.
Table VII-6 lists those refineries that have, or are planning to
install, rapid sand or dual media filtration systems. Filtration
can improve effluent quality by removing suspended solids and
associated BODi and COD and by removing carryover metals that
have already been precipitated and flocculated. Filtration can
also improve overall treatment plant performance (130, 132, 133).
Use of filtration techniques to remove solids reduces the
effluent variability of biological treatment systems. One study
(30) showed that the percentage of suspended solids removed does
not deteriorate with high feed content; in fact, the amount of
solids removed often increases with feed concentration.
Concentration of suspended solids in the effluent rose during
these situations, but not in proportion to the feed increase.
Thus, one conclusion of the report is that granular media filters
may be used to clarify refinery wastewaters, including occasional
surges.
Another study (99) showed that filtration of refinery effluent
can reduce suspended solids to less than 5 mg/L for "all feed
concentrations" (8 to 91 mg/L of TSS), further supporting the
fact that filters can reduce the effluent variability of
biological treatment systems.
One petroleum refining company uses rapid sand filtration to
treat its biological treatment plant influent (150). Biological
treatment systems now remove both suspended and dissolved
materials. However if filtration is used before biological
treatment to remove the suspended material not removed in primary
treatment, the biological system can remove more dissolved
organics and generate fewer solids (50). Another advantage of
prefiltration is that it allows the biological system to operate
at increased sludge ages (20 to over 40 days). With high sludge
157
ages, treatment efficiencies are greater and less sludge is
generated with fewer system upsets.
Granular Activated Carbon
Granular activated carbon has been used in the potable water
industry for many years; recently industrial and municipal
wastewater treatment plants have used it to remove dissolved
organics (49). Activated carbon systems have functioned both as
polishing units following a biological treatment system and as
the major treatment process in a physical/chemical treatment
system.
The granular activated carbon system considered here consists of
one or more trains of carbon columns, each train having three
columns operated in series. The columns operate by rotating their
positions in the train. The newly regenerated carbon would be in
the third vessel, whereas the vessel with the most spent carbon
would be the first vessel. One possible piping and equipment
arrangement showing this scheme is presented in Figure VII-2.
Smaller refineries may require only one or two vessels operated
manually without the sophisticated piping arrangement shown in
Figure VII-2.
EPA expects that all but the smallest systems will require on-
site regeneration of carbon. Figure VII-3 is a flow diagram of
one possible carbon regeneration system. In some instances,
filtration may be needed before carbon adsorption to remove
suspended solids and prevent plugging of the carbon pores.
Refinery 168 treats all wastewater with activated carbon. This
refinery uses granular activated carbon as the main treatment
process; that is, it uses no biological treatment system for
organic and BOD removal before adsorption. The refinery has
experienced operating problems with the system (many of which
have been mechanical in nature) and now plans to install a
biological treatment facility to replace the carbon system.
Powdered Activated Carbon
A new technology developed over the past several years consists
of adding powdered activated carbon to biological treatment
systems. The adsorbant quality of carbon, which has been known
for many years, aids in the removal of organic materials in the
biological treatment unit (144}. This treatment technique also
enhances color removal, clarification, and system stability, as
well as BOD and COD removal (115, 116). Results of pilot testing
(59, 60) indicate that this type of treatment, when used as a
part of the activated sludge process, is a viable alternative to
granular carbon systems.
One chemical manufacturing complex has installed a full-scale, 40
MGD powdered activated carbon system that started up during the
158
spring of 1977 {61). A simplified flow diagram is presented in
Figure VII-4. The waste sludge, which contains powdered carbon,
is removed from the activated sludge system and thickened in a
gravity thickener. The sludge is then dewatered in a filter
press before being fed to the regeneration furnace. The
regenerated carbon is washed in an acid -solution to remove metals
as well as other inorganic materials. Fresh carbon is added as
makeup to replace the carbon lost in the overflow from the
activated sludge process or in the regeneration system.
The powdered activated carbon system just described is a very
comprehensive treatment system and includes operations that not
all installations may require. The decision to use a filter
press system or acid cleaning system in addition to a carbon
regeneration furnace should be made individually, since some
refineries may not require every treatment step. If the metals
content is low and most of the solids are settleable, the filter
press or acid cleaning systems may not be required even by
refineries that regenerate carbon onsite.
Several tests in which powdered activated carbon was added to
petroleum refinery activated sludge systems were conducted.
Rizzo reported on a plant test in which carbon was added to an
extended aeration treatment at the Sun Oil Refinery in Corpus
Christi, Texas (150). In this test, three carbon dosages, 24
ppm, 19 ppm, and 9 ppm, were tried. Test results showed that
even the very small carbon dosages significantly improved BOD,
COD, and TSS removals, as well as producing uniform effluent
quality, a clearer effluent and eliminating foam.
Grieves et al. {153) reported on a pilot plant study at the Amoco
refinery in Texas City where activated carbon was added to the
activated sludge process in 37.9- liter {10- gallon) pilot plant
aerators. Significant amounts of soluble organic carbon (53
percent), soluble COD (60 percent), NH 3 -N (98 percent), and
phenolics were removed after 50 mg/L of high surface area carbon
was added. The amounts removed increased with increasing carbon
dosage.
Exxon researchers tried adding activated carbon to bench scale
activated sludge units with somewhat less success {154). They
evaluated three carbon dosages, which produced aerator
equilibrium carbon levels of 25 to 2,000 mg/L. At aerator carbon
levels of 25 to 400 mg/L, the performance of the activated sludge
process did· not improve. This low dosage is usually an
inadequate amount of carbon, which gets lost or overwhelmed in
the system.
At higher carbon dosages, aerator carbon levels of 1,000 mg/L or
more, Exxon got positive results. In a field test (scale
undisclosed), Thibault et al. significantly improved effluent
quality and noted improvement in shock loading resistance leading
159
to process stability. An additional 10 percent of TOC and COD
was removed.
Another powdered activated carbon scheme that uses very high
sludge ages (60 days or more) has been studied (60, 145). The
high sludge ages allow carbon to accumulate to high
concentrations in the mixed-liquor, even though only small makeup
amounts are added to the system. This approach may eliminate the
costly regeneration scheme previously described because of the
low carbon addition rates and spent carbon may be disposed of
with the sludge. Considerable pilot work has been done with this
concept, but no full-scale system is currently operating.
Pilot tests {62) have also shown that powdered activated carbon
can be used successfully with rotating biological contactors
{RBCs). Refinery 32 has constructed a full-scale system on the
basis of pilot test results.
Cyanide Removal
Various treatment technologies are available for the removal of
cyanides. Cyanide can be removed by treatment with ferrous
sulfate. This precipitates the cyanide as a ferrocyanide, which
can be removed in a subsequent sedimentation step. For the coil
coating industry, a long-term effluent concentration of 0.07 mg/L
was achieved via this technology {169).
Chlorine oxidation is a common technique of cyanide treatment.
Chlorine is used primarily as an oxidizing agent in industrial
waste treatment to destroy cyanide. Chlorine can be used in the
elemental or hypochlorite form. The two step chemical reaction
is:
Cl2 + NaCN + 2NaOH • NaCNO + 2 NaCl + H20 (2)
3Cl2 + 6NaOH + 2NaCNO • 2NaHC03 + N2 + 6 NaCl + 2820 (2)
The long-term concentrations achieved by the metal plating and
inorganic chemical ·industry (hydrogen cyanide subcategory) are
0.18 mg/L (171) and 0.21 mg/L, (170) respectively.
Cyanide can also be removed by steam stripping and biological
treatment. Both of these technologies are currently being used
by the petroleum refining industry. Steam stripping removes
approximately SO% (See Table VII-6) of the cyanide, and
biological treatment removes approximately 75%. The long-term
concentration of cyanide being discharged by the petroleum
refining industry after steam stripping and biological treatment
is 0.16 mg/L.
Metals Removal
160
Metals such as copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, and cadmium may
originate from many sources within a refinery, and may, in
specific cases, require end-of-pipe treatment. The development
document published in March 1974 for the copper, nickel,
chromium, and zinc segment of the electroplating industry (114)
considered chemical precipitation and clarification to be the
best practicable treatment in that category. The best plants in
that industry obtained the following long-term average effluent
concentrations for selected metals:
0 Copper (Cu) 0.2 mg/L
0 Nickel (Ni} 0.5 mg/L
0 Hexavalent Chromium (Cr+•} 0.055 mg/L
0 Trivalent Chromium (Cr(T)) 0.3 mg/L
0 Zinc (Zn) 0.3 mg/L
0 Cyanide (CN) 0.04 mg/L
The results of the RSKERL and Burns and Roe supplemental sampling
programs (see Section V) show that BPT in the refining industry
achieves metal discharges similar to or lower than the values
shown; therefore, end-of~pipe chemical precipitation and
clarification generally will not significantly improve the metals
concentrations in petroleum refinery effluent over those
achievable with existing BPT. Further reductions in the
concentration of metals would require advanced wastewater
treatment schemes, such as ion exchange, reverse osmosis, or
activated carbon (147).
Since the chemical treatment scheme described earlier is applied
as an in-plant measure, the actual discharge concentration of
chromium may be lowered by dilution of the cooling tower blowdown
in the final effluent stream.
A study was conducted to determine whether separate treatment of
cooling tower blowdown prior to m1x1ng with other refinery
process wastewaters would be practical. Site visits were made to
fifteen refineries and engineering analyses were performed to
determine: (1) the feasibility of separating cooling tower
blowdown and (2) the advantage of separate treatment. The
findings of the study are: (1) not all cooling tower blowdown
streams are collectable (especially for older refineries where
sources of leaks· cannot be found); and (2) some cooling tower
blowdown is highly contaminated with oil. Therefore, cooling
tower blowdown may still require biological treatment. The
conclusion from the study is that a national regulation requiring
separate treatment of cooling tower blowdown for existing
refineries is not technically feasible.
RSKERL Carbon Studies
The Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory (RSKERL)
studied the implementation and effects of carbon treatment at six
refineries as part of this study.
161
In the granular carbon tests, four columns were operated in
parallel. Each column contained a different type of carbon so
that differences in performance could be determined. One column
contained previously exhausted and then regenerated carbon. The
other three columns contained different types of virgin carbon.
Using the isotherm testing method, the laboratory conducted field
tests to determine which of the virgin carbons demonstrated the
best .performance. The effluents from the "best" virgin carbon
and the "regenerated" carbon were then tested to evaluate removal
capabilities. The inlet wastewater to the carbon columns was
treated using multi-media filtration.
RSKERL also tested a powdered activated carbon system at four of
the six refineries. The test unit consisted of a small activated
sludge pilot unit to which powdered carbon was added on a batch
basis.
Because of the limited testing period, the low concentration of
toxic pollutants in the influent to the PAC system, and lack of
repeated carbon exhaustion and regeneration, the data from these
pilot tests are insufficient to determine removal effectiveness.
Ultimate Disposal Methods
The use of flow reduction and the recycle methods previously
described will reduce the quantity of water discharged or that
needing end-of-pipe treatment. None qf the techniques discussed
will eliminate the discharge of water. Zero discharge of water
is technically achievable. 55 existing refineries have reported
zero discharge. Table VII-7 presents information on the
capacities and disposal methods used by these 55 refineries. Of
the 55 plants, 32 use evaporation or percolation ponds, 10 use
disposal wells, 5 use contract disposal, 2 use leaching beds, 1
uses surface spray, and 6 reported no wastewater generation at
all.
To highlight the geographical and process distribution of the
zero dischargers, the following breakdown is provided:
162
Distribution by Distribution by
EPA Region BPT Subcategory
Number of Number of
Region Refineries Subcategory Refineries
1 1 A 34
2 0 B 15
3 0 c 1
4 1 D 2
5 1 E 0
6 20 Not Classified 3
7 2 Total 55
8 14
9 14
10 2
Total 55
Percolation and evaporation ponds are attractive disposal methods
when evaporation losses exceed rainfall. These ponds are sized
according to the annual flow so that the inflow, plus the
incidentally added water such as rainfall, equals percolation and
evaporation losses. Many U.S. petroleum refineries now use this
sizing technique.
The petroleum refining industry also practices deep-well
injection. This method can be used only if extensive studies are
conducted to ensure environmental protection.
Irrigation or other similar land disposal techniques is a viable
end-of-pipe treatment alternative. This can eliminate discharge
of all or a portion of process wastewaters to navigable streams.
Refinery 26 already uses this or a similar technology.
Deep-well injection and irrigation or similar disposal methods
are viable treatment alternatives. However, their application
depends largely on the amount of rainfall, availability of a
suitable deep-well, availability of land, and/or availability of
land suitable for irrigation. Plants that are not located_in an
area with these conditions can also achieve zero discharge. The
zero discharge technology for these plants is based on forced
(vapor compression} evaporation. (Table VII-S is a listing of
steam electric power plants which use vapor compression
evaporation as part of their wastewater treatment system). Heat
is used to evaporate the water. The steam is condensed and
reused as makeup water to the refinery while· the brine (slurry}
stream is transformed into a solid state in a flash dryer. This
zero discharge treatment scheme is described in detail in the
1977 American Petroleum Institute Report (150).
163
EXISTING TECHNOLOGY
Existing BPT guidelines are based on: (a) end-of-pipe treatment
systems consisting of biological treatment followed by rapid sand
or multi-media filtration or an equivalent polishing step, and
(b) in-plant control practices widely used within the petroleum
refining industry that include the following:
o Installation of sour water strippers to reduce the
sulfide and ammonia concentrations entering the treatment plant.
o Elimination of once-through barometric condenser water
by using surface condensers or recycle systems with oily-water
cooling towers.
o Segregation of sewers so that unpolluted storm runoff
and once-through cooling waters are not normally treated with the
process and other polluted waters.
o Elimination of polluted once-through cooling water by
monitoring and repairing surface condensers or by using wet and
dry recycle systems.
The National Commission on Water Quality received a contractor's
report prepared in 1975 on the petroleum refining industry. The
report included a status of the treatment technology and water
usage of most of the refineries in the United States (65). The
data were obtained for 1973 and present a picture of the industry
as it appeared at the time the BPT limitations were promulgated.
Data in the 1977 EPA Petroleum Refining Industry Survey (1977
Survey) reflect conditions during 1976. Table VII-9 presents a
comparison of the industry's wastewater treatment practices for
1973 (National Commission Data) and 1976 (1977 survey). The
following ~ist explains the abbreviated treatment processes in
Table VII-9:
(Corr. Plat Sep.) Corrugated Plate Separator
(OAF) Dissolved Air Flotation
(OAF) Other Air Flotation Systems
(Chemical Floc.) Chemical Flocculation
Prefiltration
(Stab. Pond) Stabilization Pond
(Aerated Lag.) Aerated Lagoon
(Act. Sludge) Activated Sludge
(Trick. Filter) Trickling Filter
(RBC) Rotating Biological Contactor
(Other Org. Rem.) Other Organics Removal
Filtration
(Pol. Pond) Polishing Pond
(Act. Carbon) Activated Carbon Adsorption
(Evap. or Perc. Pond) Evaporation or Percolation Pond
164
Table VII-10 summarizes the treatment systems listed in Table
VII-9, showing the progress made by the industry in installing
end-of-pipe treatment technology. The treatment units shown in
these tables do not necessarily treat all of a particular re-
finery's wastewaters, and many treatment schemes may be pretreat-
ment systems for discharge to a POTW.
The word "none" where indicated in Table VII-9 refers to
refineries that do not have any of the treatment operations
considered in this analysis. However, these plants may treat
their wastewaters using gravity oil separation techniques.
A definitive list of refineries that have filtration or activated
carbon operations is significant. Refineries that included
filtration or activated carbon in their responses to the 1977
survey were screened to eliminate those systems that are treating
only a minor portion of their wastewater, such as stormwater,
runoff or boiler blowdown. This approach reduced the total
number of refineries listed as having these types of treatment to
just those plants that treat a significant portion of their
wastewater using this technology.
Table VII-10 shows that in 1976 the number of refineries having
BPT in place markedly increased from the number in 1973. The
number of pretreatment operations, such as OAF, OAF and chemical
flocculation also significantly increased, indicating the
importance of these unit'operations in meeting BPT limitations.
Table VII-9 also presents data on water usage, including
once-through cooling water, during the two 1-year periods
surveyed. The comparison is based on water usage, rather than
wastewater production, because data on wastewater production were
not available for 1973. Those refineries for which data were
available for both survey years, had reduced the overall flow by
approximately 16 percent. This percentage would undoubtedly have
been greater if market conditions had remained constant.
However, many refineries expanded their operations or increased
their complexity by adding additional process units between 1973
and 1976; these additions would minimize the effect of water
reduction on a unit basis.
Effluent Concentration
The effluent concentration achievable by BPT treatment is
discussed in the 1974 development document. The sampling results
from the 17. screening plants agree with the original findings.
The concentrations and variability factors used in the BPT
limitations are given below:
165
Concentration Variability Factors
mg/L daily monthly
Phenol 0. 1 3.5 1.7
Chromium {total) 0.25 2.9 1.7
Chromium (hexavalent) 0.02 3. 1 1 •4
BODS 15. 0 3.2 1.7
TSS- 10.0 3.3 2. 1
O&G 5.0 3.0 1.6
The 1974 development document concluded that the influent
concentrations do not affect the effluent quality of the BPT
wastewater treatment system. Screening sampling results support
this conclusion.
Table VII-1.1 presents a detailed summary of the discharge data
from 17 sampled plants, including the percentage of actual
discharge flow to BPT model flow and effluent concentrations for
BOD, TSS, TOC, and oil and grease. The table also presents an
analysis of the correlations among these factors. These data
show that there is no significant correlation between percentages
of actual flow to BPT flow and final effluent concentrations
after BPT treatment.
A study was conducted to further examine the relationship between
flow and concentration. Effluent flow and concentration data
from fifty refineries were compiled. The data were analyzed to
determine whether a statistically significant correlation exists
between concentration and discharge flow {in relationship to the
flow model prediction). The results of this study support the
assessment that refineries with low discharge flow {in relation
to the model prediction) do not have higher effluent
concentrations than refineries with higher discharge flow. The
data from the fifty refineries were also analyzed to determine
the level of phenols (4AAP) achievable. The result indicated
that the 19 ppb long-term average concentration (a value used in
the proposed regulation of December 1979) is too low and that the
BPT long-term concentration of 100 ppb is appropriate.
Effluent information was also evaluated to determine the
appropriateness of the BPT concentrations for BODs, TSS, oil and
grease, and chromium (total). The result indicates that the 30-
day concentrations from the new data closely approximate that of
BPT (See Table VII-12). The daily maximum concentrations,
however, are higher than the BPT values for TSS, BODs, and
phenols. It should be noted that most of the refineries in this
study have flows that are significantly lower than the BPT model
prediction. If significant flow reduction is required, the
concentrations in Table VII-13 would probably be more appropriate
than the BPT values. Long-term pollutant reduction would be
achieved by flow reductions, but higher daily maximum
concentrations should be permitted because of higher variability.
166
TABLE VII-1 Page 1 of 4
SOUR WATER TREATMENT

IN PETROLEUM REFINERIES
REFINERY SINGLE STAGE TWO STAGE
NUMBER STRIPPING STRIPPING OXIDIZING OTHER
------- ---------- --------- ---------
l X
::! X
3 X
8 X
10 X
13 X X
1:5 X
16 X
19 X
::?0 X
::!4 X
:!~ X X
:9 )( X X
JO X
31 X
3::! X
33 X X
36 X
37 X
39 ')( X X
39 X
40 X X X
41 X X X
42 X
43 X :<
4:5 X
46 X X
49 X
50 X
51 X X
53 X
5:5 X
56 :< X
57 :<
59 X
60 X
6l X
62 X
63 X '(
64 X
65 X
67 X
68 X
70 '(
71 X
-.~
X
73 X
74 '(
76 X
77 X
78 X
90 X
81 X
93 X X
167
TABLE VII - l Page 2 of 4

-------- ------------ --------- ---------
84 X
8:5 X
86 X
87 X
88 X
94 X
96 X
98 X
102 X
103 X
104 X
10:5 X
106 X
107 X
108 X
109 X
111 X
112 X
113 X X
114 X X
115 X
116 X
117 X
121 X X X
-·
1..,..,
124
X
X
125 X
126 X
127 X
129 X X
130 X
131 X
132 X
133 X X
134 X
139 X
142 X
143 X X
144 X
147 X
149 X X
150 X
151 X
152 X
153 X
156 X
157 X
158 X
159 X
160 X
161 X
162 X
163 X
t65 X
168
TABLE VI I - l Page 3 of 4

-------- ------------ --------- ---------
166 X
167 X
168 X
169 X
174 X
175 X
176 X
179 X
190 X
19:::! X
193 X
194 X
195 X
196 X
197 X
199 X
190 X
194 X
195 X
196 X X
197 X
:::!00 X
:::!03 X
:::!04 X
:os X
:::!08 X X
:::!09 X
:::!10 X
:::!11 X
:::!1:::! X
:::!13 X
:::!16 X X
:::!:::!1 X
~~~ X
~~4 X
:::!:::!5 X
::!~6 X
~~7 X
:::!:::!9 X
:::!30 X
:::!3:::! X X
:::!33 X
:::!34 X
:!35 X
:::!37 X
:::!39 X X X
:::!41 ,(
:::!43 X
:::!45 X
:::!46 X
:::!5:::! X
:!55 X X X
:so X
:!:57 X
169
TABLE VII - 1 Page 4 of 4
REFINERY SINGLE STAGE T~O STAGE

NUI'tBER STRIPPING STRIPPING OXIDIZING OTHER
:!59 X
:!59 X
::!61 X
265 X
309 X
170
TABLE VII-2
EFFECT OF CALIFORNIA CRUDES ON REUSE OF SOUR WATERS
Percentage Percentage
of Crude of Sour Water
Ref. No. State Crude Source Capacity to Desalter
13 CA L.A. Basin 17 26
32 CA California 49 12.5
37 CA San Joaquin Val, CA 39.6 17
Coalinga, CA 23.0
38 CA California 28.1 30
California 20.2
California 15.7
California 1.2
40 CA California 20 60
California 10
41 CA CA Midway Waxy 35 25
CA Mid Spec. 10
171
Page 1 of 2
TABLE VII-3
, Percentage of Percentage of
Refinery Reuse in Desalter Other Reuse
::! 100.00 o.o
13 :!6.00 13.00
20 o.o 29.10
24 100.00 o.o
::!9 o.o 30.00
30 o.o UNKNOWN
32 12.~0 19.90
37 17.00 17.00
38 UNKNOWN o.o
40 60.00 ~~.oo
41 :!:S.OO 'J7 .oo
49 100.00 o.o
~1 10.00 20.00
:5::! UNKNOWN o.o
53 o.o 100.00
~:5 100.00 o.o
:57 o.o 29.:50
59 90.00 10.00
60 48.00 1~.00
61 :51.00 10.00
62 70.00 o.o
6~ :5:5.60 :!:S.40
61 100.00 o.o
68 74.00 :!6.00
71 100.00 o.o
7::! o.o 59.00
TJ o.o 100.00
76 100.00 •).0
80 o.o 100.00
81 97.00 o.o
83 100.00 o.o
8:5 :59.00 o.o
96 100.00 o.o
94 100.00 o.o
98 88.00 1::!.00
104 10.00 o.o
111 UNK.~OWN o.o
114 60.00 o.o
115 8:5.30 o.o
116 60.00 o.o
1::!1
l..,..,
o.o 9.00
~e.oo o.o
1.::!6 o.o 30.00
130 30.00 o.o
131 6.::!.00 :s.oo
132 o.o 6.00
142 100.00 o.o
143 100.00 o.o
144 100.00 o.o
14:5 o.o 100.00
147 100.00 o.o
149 100.00 o.o
150 100.00 o.o
151 9:5.00 o.o
172
Percentage of Percentage of
Ref_i.n~v_ Reuse. in Desalter. Other Re.use
1~3 :o.oo so.oo
1S~ 3!5.00 o.o
1:56 50.00 50.00
1:57 o.o a.:o
1:59 :so.oo o.o
160 100.00 o.o
161 90.00 10.00
163 100.00 o.o
16:5 100.00 o.o
169 97.00 o.o
179 100.00 o.v
182 o.o 15.00
183 100.00 o.o
184 66.00 o.o
186 so.oo o.o
187 100.00 o.o
188 73.00 ::!7.00
194 so.oo o.o
196 40.00 o.o
::!00 100.00 o.o
::!03 40.00 o.o
204 100.00 o.o
20:5 100.00 o.o
209 100.00 o.o
211 100.00 o.o
216 1s.oo o.o
2~4 100.00 o.o
22:5 100.00 o.o
::!27 ?!5.00 :5.00
::!28 100.00 o.o
230 100.00 o.o
23::! 60.00 40.00
::!33 50.00 o.o
234 UNKNOWN o.o
::!41 a:s.oo ·o.o
::!43 99.99 o.o
:!52 ao.oo o.o
:!'.56 1oo.oo o.o
:!'.57 100.00 o.o
:!58 100.00 o.o
~59 100.00 o.o
:!65 100.00 o.o
30'.5 :o.oo so.oo
173
TABLE SECTION VII-4 Page 1 of 5
COOLING TOWER MAKEUP FLOW RATES
IN ·THE PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY
Makeup Percentage
Flow Divided Of Cooling
Makeup Flow By Total By BTU By
Refinery {MGD} Effluent FlowCooling Tow~
1 0.0:59600 0.313684 94.0000
2 0.114800 2.1.2592:5 100.0000
o.o o.o
.
3
6
NOT APP.
HOT APP.
NOT APP.
NOT APP.
100.0000
o.o
o.o
1 0.107000 0·64848:5 70.1000
8 0.010000 2.000000 30.0000
0.025000 0.69-4-4-44
'
10
11
0.020000
2.909999
0·400000
1·939999
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN
94.0000
12 0.500000 0·723589 UNKNOWN
13 7.303997 1·446336 9'!5.0000
1,
13
16
7.303997
0.08-4500
0.38.2100
1·4-46336
o.ss4099
1.1793.20
31.:5000
100.0000
72.0000
17 0.018:500 o.ss?229 40.0000
18 0.108000 0.473684 UNKNOWN
19 0.013000 3.037382 100.0000
20 1.450000 0. 7':5910.2 30.0000
21 0.298000 4.3823:51 UNKNOWN
22 0.094:500 1.049999 73.0000
23 NOT APP. NOT APP. o.o
24 0.3:50000 1.166666 1s.oooo
2:5 0.867000 1.791321 :58.0000
26 0.297000 1.993288 79.0000
29 3.419997 0.914438 7'!5.0000
30 0.193000 0.81-4277 100.0000
31 > o.o > o.o UNKNOWN
32 4.96999S OoS42:S7~ 76.8000
33 O.o:SOOOO 1.633164 100.0000
3:5 NOT APP, NOT APP. o.o
36 0.030000 1.090908 99.5000
37 6.808996 .2.88:5168 43.0000
38 3 • .290996 1.073734 ao.oooo
39 0.16:5000 1.092714 UNKNOWN
40 6.614997 o.S48076 90.0000
41 6.621992 o.70S969 .... sooo
42 0.030000 0.974126 UNKNOWN
43 3.769996 1.314045 62.9000
4-4 o.o o.o 9:5.0000
45 > 4.348996 > 1.363321 53.6000
46 1.462999 1.116793 :so.oooo
48 0.140500 0.231848 95 • .>000
49 0.650000 UNKNOWN 6:5.0000
so > 0.23,000 > 1.:525973 so.oooo
:51 NOT APP. NOT APP. o.o
52 HOT APP. NOT APP, o.o
53 o.o:;oooo 0.::!00000 98.0000
:54 0.030000 1.764706 100.0000
:55 NOT APP. NOT Af'P, o.o
so 1.600000 1.2~:511:5 81.0000
57 9.69'1997 o.94t747 89.0000
sa 1.:514149 1.0~884:5 99.0000
:i9 1.825500 1.6:59:544 47.8000
174
TABLE SECT.IO~ VII-4
COOLING Tm~ER ~4AKEUP FLOW i{ATES
IN THE PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY Page 2 of 5
r~akeup Percentage
Makeup Flow By Total By BTU B)
Refinery (MGD) Effluent Flow Co.o 1i na_ Towers
60 3.0~2498 1.568117 60.0000
61 4.~99999 1.742423 47.0000
62 5.659997 1.179166 74.0000
63 1.35~000 0.496337 91.4100
64 4.308998 0.897708 66.0000
6~ ~.484499 0.690139 40.0000
66 0.000050 UNKNOWN 100.0000
67 9.829994 0.416706 65.6000
68 8.348999 1.717900 74.4000
70 o.o o.o UNKNOWN
71 0.359000 1.486542 100.0000
72 0.021000 0.138158 10.0000
73 0.468000 o.60:5433 75.0000
74 0.471500 ::!.357499 95.0000
76 1.933998 0.848245 86.~000
77 0.630000 ~.292607 59.0000
78 0.075~00 0.111029 90.0000
79 o.o UNKNOWN UNKNOWN
80 ~.1:9998 9.::!60860 9~.4000
81 0.776500 0.641735 100.0000
a2 o.~160oo 0.375000 100.0000
83 2.9~9999 1.197873 60.0000
84 ~.::!04995 1.304730 75.0000
85 5.394799 1.639756 ao.oooo
so o.440950 1.::!74422 97.0000
97 NOT APP, NOT APP. o.o
as o.735ooo 3.:::3682 99.2000
89 o.o o.o 2a.oooo
90 0.017000 0.377778 60.0000
91 o.oo~ooo 0.416667 UNKNOWN
9: : 6.~52999 0.:587186 :56.0000
93 o.o o.o UNKNOWN
94 1.729000 0.941176 86.5000
95 o.o o.o 100.0000
96 19.014984 !.605995 100.0000
97 0.014040 UNKNOWN UNKNOWN
98 4.::!89999 1.656370 3'9.4000
to: o.o o.o 0.9000
103 ~ 0.025000 > 0.396825 UNKNOWN
104 8.384995 1.128531 71.0000
105 NOT APP, NOT APP, o.o
!06 2.250000 1.069391 30.0000
107 0.045000 1.499999 100.0000
108 0.126000 :.863636 99.0000
109 o.:ooooo 0.833333 ;'.6000
111 2.842497 1.799048 46.0000
11: 0.302500 1.490147 35.0000
113 0.529500 0.9'37505 49.4000
114 0.320000 t.::soooo 78.0000
115 1.983199 o.7os:::ss ss.aooo
116 ~.964000 0.720000 40.0000
175
TABLE SECTION VII-4
IN THE PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY Pc.ge 3 of 5
Makeup Percentage
Re.finerv ..--..·..._jM_G-.DJ..__..-... Effluent Flow Cool in<L Towers
117 1.4:50000 1.435642 99.0000
118 0.036!500 1.0:)13887 30.0000
119 0.100500 0.670000 28.0000
1::!0 0.17:5000 1.590908 30.0000
1:1 4.::!:50000 0.944444 65.0000
12::! 3.3::!3:500 0.519297 97.0000
1::!4 0.97:5999 2.05473!5 100.0000
1~~ 0.766000 1.725224 60.0000
126 0.400000 0.061728 ::!2.0000
1::!7 0.090000 0.:520231 99.0000
1::!8 ~lOT APP, NOT APP, o.o
129 0.066600 0.66!5999 UNKNOWN
130 NOT APP. riOT APP. o.o
131 0.330000 0.114:583 20.0000
13::! 1.599999 0. 1:56648 10.0000
133 5.160996 0.6!50819 95.0000
134 o.o o.o 6::!.0000
135 o.o UNKNOWN UNKNOWN
136 0.378000 1.321678 100.0000
137 o.o o.o 100.0000
138 Oo46o000 0.647222 1.0000
139 0.071000 :5.071427 99.9000
140 o.:::ooo 2.018181 70.0000
141 o.o o.o 100.0000
14::! 0.50::!500 0.31723:5 66.5000
143 0.030000 0.02:5000 2.0000
144 0.7~9500 1.161314 100.0000
145 0.004500 UNKNOWN 100.0000
146 0.300000 3.22:5806 UNKNOWN
147 1.69!5000 2.942707 39.0000
148 0.1::!6500 0.790625 100.0000
149 0.740000 0.6276:50 77.0000
151 4 .1'50000 1.044288 61.7000
1S:? 3.070000 ·:>.366348 35.0000
1:53 5.79:::!998 1.489202 63.0000
154 0.063000 0.063000 UNKNOWN
155 0.391700 2.::!6678::! 100.0000
156 1.697997 1.<.97997 60.0000
157 4.111996 2.049748 88.9000
158 0.570800 1.041605 71.5000
159 0.199500 0.720216 60.0000
1~0 0.3::!8000 1.374285 too.oooo
161 2.1149'97 3.253841 90.0000
16::! 2.115499 0.863469 UNKNOWN
163 2.732998 2.635486 as.oooo
164 0.030000 1.363636 100.0000
165 0.595400 2.053102 49.3000
166 o.osoooo 0.454545 67.0000
167 3.864999 0.7:57843 70.0000
168 1.240000 0.430:555 200.0000
169 6.794998 0.783737 90.0000
172 0.772000 0.339130 91.3000
17'3 o.o o.o UNKNOWN
176
TABLE SECTION VII-4
IN THE PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY Page 4 Of 5
Makeup Percer.tage
Flow Divided Of Cocling
Refinery (MGD) Effluent Flow Cooling Towers
-------
174
-------
NOT APP·
----------------
NOT APP. -------------
o.o
17:5 10.787498 0.864:521 UNKNOWN
176 0.086000 0.184986 33.0000
177 0.028000 0.036601 7:5.0000
179 0.632700 2.243616 82.0000
180 1.810998 0.676183 98.7500
181 20.876480 1.301:526 49.0000
182 6.599497 1.031171 70.0000
183 2.1696 ... 8 3.390075 59.7000
184 4.675991 3.438233 75.0000
185 1. 771:500 2.116487 95.0000
186 2.574697 1.418566 71.0000
187 3·.244994 4.203360 60.0000
188 > 4.653:500 ;- 1.911087 80.0000
189 o.o o.o UNKNOWN
190 o.o8:sooo 2.:560240 70.0000
191 2.:545:500 :5.606828 100.0000
192 0.028000 > 0.198:582 100.0000
193 o.o o.o UNKNOWN
194 11.303490 0.664911 79.0000
19:5 o.o o.o UNKNOWN
196 16 .4... :546:5 o.88894"" 91.3000
197 0.002000 0.2:50000 100.0000
199 0.017200 UNKNOWN UNKNOWN
200 1.694998 2.769604 70.0000
201 2.1:56999 2.270:524 69.0000
202 0.009:500 95.000000 100.0000
203 10.209991 0.789026 6:5.0000
204 :5.268191 1.:56020:5 7:5.0000
20:5 2.818796 1 • .!.:56192 90.6000
206 1::!.500000 13.... 408600 100.0000
207 0.180000 2.:53:5211 90.0000
208 2.844998 0.:570140 47.:5000
209 0.413:500 1. 759:574 40.0000
::!10 0.137000 3.:51::!819 79.9000
211 0.679049 0.834726 UNKNOWN
~1~ 1.763000 2.:50782::! 6:5.0000
::!13 0.038880 0.7623:53 3:5.0000
:14 o.o o.o UNKNOWN
::!1:5 o.o o.o UNKNOWN
::!16 16.:502472 0.80894:5 78.0000
::!18 7.800000 UNKNOWN 100.0000
::!19 1,939999 1.616665 63.0000
::!::!0, 0.0::!::!000 0.916667 100.0000
2~l: o.o o.o 99.5000
~~:z 0.860000 ::!.4:57141 100.0000
~:::!4 o.o o.o UNKNOWN
225 1.679999 1.411764 97.9000
::!::!6 o.o o.o 29.8000
::!::!7 1.483199 1.167972 ao.oooo
2::!8 0.364500 1.752403 100.0000
~29 0.113:500 :5.456731 100.0000
::!30 1.1:50000 1.642857 88.0000
177
TABLE SECTION VII-4
COOLING TOWER i·~AKEUP FLOW RATES
IN THE PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY Page 5 of 5
Makeup Percentage
Flow Divided of Cooling
Makeup Flow By Total By BTU by
Refinery (MGD) Effluent Flow Cooling Towers
o.o o.o :.:sooo

:!.4:50000 :.4:50000 45.0000
o.o o.o UNKNOWN
:! .149999 1.43333:::! 83.0000
0.016000 0.133333 UNKNOWN
0.016000 0.:571428 90.0000
1.999999 1.044931 84.5000
0.0:5:5000 0.436:508 47.0000
0.180000 0.300000 UNKNOWN
0.324000 0.490909 100.0000
~4~ 0.4:50000 0.7031:!5 95.0000
:!43 0.:524000 3.11904:5 <>9.0000
244 0.61:!000 0.334426 99.0000
~45 0.707000 1.178332 99.6000
:!46 0 .18:!'500 0.32'3009 UNI<.NOWN
:!47 0.:5:58800 :.696910 100.0000
:!48 o.o o.o 100.0000
:!49 0.380000 0.4:56731 so.oooo
~~0 o.o UNKNOWN UNKNOWN
:!51 NOT APP, NOT APP. o.o
::!:5:! 0.009000 0.064748 90.0000
:!'53 o.o o.o UNKNOWN
:!'54 o.o UNKNOWN UNKNOWH
:!'55 o.o o.o UNKNOWN
:so 0.040000 0.109589 100.0000
:!57 NOT APP. NOT APP. o.o
:!58 0.79:!000 0.792000 40.0000
:!61 0.640000 1.361701 90.0000
:!64 o.o o.o UNKNOWN
~65 1.:!96000 1.169674 UNI<.NOWN
278 o.o UNKNOWN UNI<.NOWN
:!91 0.506000 3.563379 90', 0000
:!9:2 NOT APP, NOT APP. o.o
:95 0.610600 :2.361176 90.0000
:!98 o.o o.o 100.0000
30:2 NOT APP. NOT APP. o.o
303 o.o UNI<.NOWN UNI<.NOWN
305 0.040000 o.s63931 100.0000
307 o.o UNKNOWN UNI<.NOWN
308 o.o UNKNOWN UNI\NOWN
309 0.7::!0000 0.743801 100.0000
- DUE TO UNKNOWN MAKE-UP FLOWS FOR SOME COOLING TOWERS•

fHE NUMBER IS GREATER THAN SHOWN
NOT APP. - NOT APPLICABLE BECAUSE OF 0.0 Z COOLING BY COOLING TOWERS
178
Page 1 of 4
TABLI! VII-S
SUMMARY OF FLOW RBDUCTIOit TECHNIQUES USED IDENTIFIED DURING WASTEWATER RECYCLI! STUDY
Process Propoeed
Wastewater BAT Potential Flow Reduction
Refinery Baee Discharge Dbcharge Technique• Identified to Additional Flow Reduction•
Ro. Year Rata !MGOl Rate !MGOI Achieve BAT Dhcha.r!l• Rata Tachnlquee Identified
32 1979 2.43 3.53 Refinery hae achieved BAT In-Placer

di~~ehargarata. Reuee of treated effluent for cooling water,
aervica water, coke eluicing operation, and
coke pile duet control.
Reuse of atripped eour water for desalter
-keQP and washwatar.
Recovery an4 reuse of condensate for boiler
fae4watar.
Potentialr ~
l!euee of etripped aour water an4 leocracker
water for cooling tower ~aup.
l!ecovary and rauea of condensate for cooling
tower -kaup.
Optialzation of cooling tower operation
50 1979 0.06 0.32 Refinery has achieved BAT In Placer

dhcha.rge rata Reuse of treated affluent for cooling tower
.Uaup.
~
Potential a
-..J Reuae of eour water for desalter ~eup.
1.!>
57 1978 4.10 1.59 Raooverr an4 reuse of In-Place•
condensate for desaltar Reuee of treated effluent for fir-atar ayat-
8ak&QP an4 boiler feed- l!ecovery an4 reuse of condensate for desalter
water. ~aup an4 boiler fae4wetar
Reduction of stea11 vent
loaaaa.
Control of cooling tower
blow4own.
Reduction of once-th.ru
pu.p cooling water.
60 1979 1.12 2.46 Refinery has achiave4 BA'l' In-Placer

dieoha.rge rata Reuee of treated affluent for utility water,
firewater, waa'l!fater, pmop cooling, and coking
operation.
Reuee of etrippe4 1100r water for desalter -keup
an4 vashwater.
Recovery an4 reuse of condensate.
Recycle of desalter affluent
67 1979 10.0 8.26 Reuu of treated affluent In-Placer

for cooling tower .Uaup Reuse of treated affluent for cooling tower .UaQP
an4 firewater eyet...
Potential a
l!ecovery an4 raua of con4ansata for boiler feed-
water.
Reduction of steaa vent loaeee.
Recycle of prooeee water.
Page 2 of 4
'l'liBLit VII-5
SUMMAR! Of' P'Ullf REIXJCTIQII maiNigUBs URD lDRitrlPII!O DURING lfiiSTEWATBR RBC!CLB 8'1'11D! (Continued)
Proceaa PropoHd
lfaatewatar IIA'I' Potential Flow Reduction
Refinery Baaa Diacharga Dbchaqe !'eohnJ.quaa 14entiflad to A441tlona1 Plow Ra4uctiona
~.!!!!. . .ta IMGDI ..te h!GD) Acb!Da IIA'I' Dbohana . .te 'hobn!cruaa 14antifle4
84 1978 1.33 1.12 Rauae of etdpped 110ur In-Place•
water for desalter ..teup Reuae of traate4 effluent for 4acoking operation.
an4 roc washwater. Potential•
Reduction of boller blov- Recovery of steaa vent losses.
&MI. Control of cooling tower blovcJovn.
96 1979 8.o 10.1 Raf lnery baa acbleve4 IIA'r In-Plaeeo
41acharge rate Reuae of stripped .our water for 4eaalter ..teup.
Recovery an4 reuse of con4enaate for desalter
-.keup.
Reduction of once-thru pw~p cooling water.
112 1978 0.17 o.u RacoYery an4 reuse of con-
4en.,.te for boller fee4-
water.
Re4uction of ateaa vent
1-' lospa.
ro Recovery an4 reuse of once-
0 tbru pw~p an4 CCIIIpl"eaaor
cooling water for 4esalter
ultaup.
125 1978 2.36 1.13 Reuaa of traste4 affluent In-Placeo
for cooling water at Reuse of traate4 effluent for bara.etric con-
catalytic cracking unit. denaera and pu-p cooling water at crude unit.
Replac-t of baro.etrlc Recovery and reuse of condenaate for boiler fee4water.
COII4ansera with aurfaca Potential•
con4anaera an4 reuaa of Reuse of treate4 effluent for utility water, puap
treate4 affluent for and heat exchanger cooling water.
cooling.
RacoYery ana reuse of
con4ansate for boiler
feaotvater.
Control of cooling to.n~r
blov4ovn.
Ra4uotlon of once-thru
Pdlp coolin9 water.
Page 3 of 4
TABLI!: VII-S
SUMMARY or FLOif RBDUCTIOR 'l'BCIIIIIQUES USED IDENTIFII!D DURING WI\STEWATER RECYCLI!: STUDY (Continued)
Proeese Proposed
Refinery Base Discharge Discharge Techniques Identified to Additi~nal Flow Reductions
Mo. tear Rate !MGDI Rate !MGDI Achieve BAT Discharge Rate Techniques Identified
157 1979 2.17 2.31 Refinery has achieved BAT In-Place•

dbcharge rate. Recovery and reuse of condensate for boiler
feedwater and desalter makeup.
Reduction of eteam requirements.
Reuse of stripped sour wster for wash water.
Reuse of treated effluent for desalter makeup.
OptiMization of cooling tower operation.
Recycle of desalter effluent and process
water.
Potential,
Recovery and reuse of condensate for boiler
feedwater.
Reduction of steam vent losses.
Reuse of treated effluent for cooling tower
makeup.
Reuse of once-thru cooling water for cooling
tower makeup.
1-'
00 168 1979 3.25 2.75 Reduction of once-thru In-Place•
1-' cooling water and service Recovery and reuse of condensate for desalter
water. Makeup.
I110proved oil/wster Potential!
separation for once-thru Reuse of stripped sour water for desalter makeup.
cooling water with Recovery and reuse of condensate for boiler
increased segregation froM feedwater.
proceae waatewater for Reduction of steaM vent losses.
separate discharge.
180 1978 1.81 1.66 Control of cooling tower Potential•

blowdOWil. Reuse of stripped sour water for desalter makeup.
Recovery and reuse of condensate for boiler
feedwater and desalter Makeup.
Reduction of atea• vent losses.
Reuse of treated effluent for firewater system.
196 1978 26.7 7.6 Dieeolved air flotation Potential•

and reuae of treated Reuse of stripped sour water for desalter makeup.
effluent for cooling tower Recovery and reuse of condensate for boiler firewater.
Makeup, firewater, and
service water.
Segregation, diasolved air
flotation and filtration
of ballaat wster, and
filtration of regenerant
wastes for separate
diecharge.
EliMination of brackiah
~ater in firewater eysteM.
Page 4 of 4
TliBLE VII -5
SUMMARY OF FLOif RBDUCTIOII 'l'BCHNIQUES USED IDENTIFIED DURING WASTEWATER RECYCLE STUDY (Continued)
Process Propoaecl
Refinery Base Discharge Dhcharge Tachniquea Identified to Additional Flow Reductions
Ito. Year Rate (IIGD) Rate (IIGD) Achieve BAT Discharge Rata Tacbnlquaa Identified
205 1978 1.65 1.34 Filtration and reuse of In-Place a
treated effluent for Reuse of stripped sour water for desalter makeup.
firewater ayatea. Recovery and reuse of condenaate for cooling tower
aakeup and boiler feedwater.
Optt.ization of cooling tower operation.
238 1979 2.14 1.03 Dissolved air flotation, In-Place a

filtration, and rauae of Recovery and reuse of condeneate for desalter
treated effluent for aakeup and boiler feedvater.
cooling tower aakeup and Potential•
vastnrater. Control of cooling tower blovdown.
Segregation, d1aaolve4 air
flotation and filtration
of ballast -ter, and
filtration of regenerant
1--' wastes for separate
CXl discharge.
N
TABLE VII-6
Summary of Data on Removal of Cyanides with

Steam Stripping and Biological Treatment in
the Petroleum Refining Industry
Percent Removal of Cyanides Biological Treatment

by Steam Stripping (ref. 48) (from Tables V-1 thru V-18)
Plant Percent Removal
Refluxed Non-Refluxed Number of Cyanides
0 91 50 85
73 59 59 60
0 22 80 90
57 50 84 90
.22. 126 83
169 70
205 82
235 52
Average for Both 53 AVerage 77
183
TABLE VII -7 Page 1 of 4
zero Discharge Refineries *
Capacity Wastewater
Refinery (1000 bbl/stream day) Disposition
C&H Refinery, Inc. .os Evap/perc pond
I.usk, WY
S~uthwestarn Refining Co., Inc. .5 No wastewater
LaBarge, WY generated
Onited Independent Oil Co. .75 No wastewater
Tacoma, WA generated
Yetter Oil co. l. Evap/perc pond
Colmer, IL
Dorchester Gas Producing Co. l. Evap/perc pond
Alllar illo , TX
Mountaineer Refining Co., Inc. Evap/perc pond

LaBarge, WY
Glenrock Refinery, Inc. l. Evap/perc pond
Glenrock, WY
Thriftway, Inc. l. No wastewater
Graham, TX gener~tad
Sage Creek Refining co. l. No wastewater

cowley, WY generated
Pioneer Rafin.nq, Ltd. 2.2 E:vap/perc pond
Nixon, TX
Oxnard Refinery 2.5 Disposal well
Oxnard, CA
car~bou Four Corners, Inc. 2.5 No wastewater
Kirtland! NM generated
Kenco Refinery, Inc. 3. Evap/perc pond
Wolf Pol.nt, MT
Kentucky Oil and Refining Co. 3.0 Illo wastewater
Betsy Layne, ~ generated
* This table includes all refineries whose production wastewater

(excludinq stormwater, ballast water, once-thru non-contact cooling
water, and sanitary wastewater) is not discharged directly via an
~POES pe:mit nor is discharged to a E'O'l'W. This table also includes
those refineries which do not generate production wastewater.
184
Capacity Wastewater
Sabre Refining, Inc. 3.5 Contract
Bakersfield, CA disposal
Mid-Tax Refinery 3.5 Recycle (7/l/77)
Hearne, TX
Bayou State Oil Corp. 4. Disposal well,
Shreveport, LA Evap/perc pond
Thriftway Co. 4. Evap/perc poncl
Farmington, &M
Southern Onion Refining co., 4.5 Disposal well
Monument Refinery, Hobbs, ~
Ar~zona Fuels Corp. 5. Leaching bed
Fredonia, AZ Duposal well
Tonkawa Refin~ng Co. 5. Evap/perc pond
Arnett, OK
!?lataau, Inc. 5.6 Evap/perc pond
Roosevelt. O't'
Texas Asphalt and Refining Co. 6.0 Evap/perc poncl

El.lless. TX Contract cl.Uposal
Sunland Refining Corp. 7. Evap/perc poncl
Bt.kersfield, CA
Plateau, Inc. 7.5 Evap/perc pond
Farmington, &M
Douglas• Oil Co. of CA 9.5 D~sposal well
Santa M.ar~a, CA
Gary Western Co. 10. Evap/perc pond
Fru.J.ta, co Recycle
E-Z Serve, Inc. 10. Evap/perc pond
Scott City, KS
3usky Oil Co. 10.8 Evap/perc pond
Cody, WY (7/1/77)
185
Capacity Wastewater
Refinery (1000 b.bl/stream da;tl Disposition
Witco Chemical Corp. ll. Contract
Oildale, CA disposal
Newhall Refining Co., Inc. 12. Contract
Newhall, CA disposal
Atlantic Richfield Co. 13. Evaporation
t'rudhoe Bay, AK
Atlantic Terminal Corp. 15. Leaching bed
Newington, NH
Kern County Refinery, Inc. 17. Surface spray
Bakersfield, CA
San Joaquin Refining co. 17. Evap/perc pond,
Bakersfield, CA recycle
Texaco Inc. 17. Evap/perc pond,
El Paso, TX recycle
Shell Oil Co. 19. Evap/perc pond
Gallup, NM
Texaco, Inc. 20. Oisposal well,
Amarillo, TX Evap/perc pond
Texaco,. Inc. 21. Evap/perc pond,
Casper, WY recycle
Mohawk Petroleum Corp., Inc. 22.8 EVap/perc pond
Bakersfield, CA
CRA, Inc. 23.2 Evap/perc pond
Phillipsburg, KS
Husky Oil Co. 24.2 Evap/perc pond
Cheyenne, WY
Southern Union Refining Co. 25.1 Oisposal well
LOvington Refinery, Ho.b.bs, NM
Little America Refining co. 25.5 Evap/perc pond
Evansville, WY
Chevron U.S.~. Inc. 26. Contract disposal,
Bakersfield:, CA recycle
186
Capacity Wastewater
Navajo Refining co. 29.9 Evap/pero pond
Artesia, NM
Champlin Petroleum co. 32. Disposal well
Wilmington, CA
Shell Oil Co. 35. Evap/perc pond
Odessa, TX
Lion Oil co. 40. Disposal well,
Bakersfield, CA Evap/perc pond
Amoco Oil co. 44.5 Evap/perc pond,
Casper, WY recycle
Sinclair Oil Corp. 50.9 Evap/perc pond
Sinclair, WY
Diamond Shamrock Corp. 53.5 Disposal well
sunray, TX
Cosden Oil and Chemical Co. 56. Evap/perc pond,
Big Spring, TX recycle
Hawaiian Independent Refininery 60.3 Disposal well,
Ewa Beas:h, HI Evap/perc pond
Chevron U.S.A. Inc. 75. Evap/perc pond
El Paso, TX
187
TABLE VII-8
STEAM ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS USING VAPOR COMPRESSION

EVAPORATION AS PART OF THEIR WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
Capacity
Station & Location Owner/Operator (lbs/hr)
San Juan Station Public Service Co. 94,500
Farmington, NM of New Mexico 189,000
Huntington Station Utah Power & Light 94,500
Huntington, UT
Navajo Station Salt River Project 94,500
Page, AZ
Hayden Station Colorado-Ute Electric 123,000
Hayden, CO Assoc. Inc.
Colstrip Station Montana Power Co. 157,000
Colstrip, MT
Craig Station Colorado-Ute Electric 350,000
Craig, CO Assoc. Inc.
R. D. Nixon Station City of Colorado 175,000
Springs
Four Corners Arizona Public Service 202,000
Fruitland, NM
Pawnee Station Public Service Co. 227,000
Brush, CO of Colorado
Big Stone Plant Otter Tail Power 300,000
South Dakota
188
Page 1 of 26
t'DJ.B YII-9
TUAt11111'1' OPIIA1'IOIIS AHD VATU USAGB 1913 AHD 1976
Vater Uaqe
Ref. t'reataent Operation• HUlton Gal/Dal !...!!!:.
llo. 1973 ill! ill.! .!!!!
001 DAI' Corr. Plata Sep. 0.61 1.87 -207
Act. Sludge DAI'
Act. Sludge
002 Cbeaic:al Jloc. 0.291 0.186 36
003 DC 0.125
__. 004 Ilona

(X)
1.0 006 Stab. Pond DAI' 0.144 0.144 o.o
Aerated Lag.
007 DAr. DAI 0.243 -22
Stab. Pond Aerate4 Lag •. 0.200
008 Aerated Laa. -~.0
009 Aerated Laa. Aerated Laa. 0.26 o.ot 65

Pol. Poad
010 Stab. Pond Stab. Pond 0.44 0.14 68
011 Stab. Pond 2.92 3.52 -21
012 Stab. Pond Pre-Filtration 0.23 0.72 -213
Stab. Pond
013 DAI' Ch-ical Floc. 12.35 10.96 11
DAr
014 DAI' 0.062 0.155 -150

Page 2 of 26
TABLI YII-9
TIIATHEHT OPERATIONS AND WATU U~l 1973 ~ 1976

(continued)
Water Uaase
&ef. Treabaent Operations Million Gal/Da~ ~
No. 1973 1976 1973 . 976
015 DAr Ch•ical Jloc. 0.270

filtration OAf
016 None None 0.56
017 Ch•ical floc.
'
0.06
lvap. or Perc. Pond
018 Hone Hone 0.60
019 None Hone
\D
0
020 DAr Ch•ical floc. 4.79 4.51. 5.8
Act. Sludse DAr
Act. Sludse
Pol. Pond
021 None Hone 0.22
022 DAP 0.18
023 filtration .475
lvap. or Perc. Pond
024 OAF DAP 0.35 0.54. -54
Aerated Las. Aerated Las.
Other Ora. Ilea.
025 oAr DAP 1.4
Other Ora. Ilea.
026 None Other Ora. Ilea. 0.35
027
Page 3 of 26
TABLE VII-9
TREATMENT OPIIATIOHS AND WATER USAGE 1973 AND 1976

(continued)
Water Dease
Ref. Treataent Operation• Killion Gal/Dal ~
Ho. 1973 1976 1973 1976
028
029 Hone OAl 6.5
030 Hone Evap. or Perc:. Pond 0.33
031 None DAl 0.10
032 DAI' DAl 18.80 16.2 14
Aerated Las. Aerated Las.
__. Stab. Pond Stab. Pond
\.0
__.
033 0.71
034
035 Hone 4.0
036 Evap. or Perc:. Pond Evap. or Perc:. Pond 0.12
037 DAI' DAl 7.6 7.6 o.o
Ac:i:. S1udse Aerated Las.
Pol. Pond
038 Corr. Plate Sep. Corr Plate Sep. 7.73 6.34 18
DAl DAl
039 Evap. or Perc:. Pond 0.35

040 Hone Ch-tc:al floc. 57.0 11.2 20
DAr
Act. Sludse
Othera Ors .....
Page 4 of 26
TAILB VII-9
TIBA'niiiiT Ol'BIIATIOHS AND VATBil USAGB 1973 AIID 1976

(continued)
Vater Uaage
lef. Treat.. nt Qeerationa Million Gal/Dal l led.
!!!:_.. !ill. 1976 1973 .!!!!
041 Aerated Lag, Corr. l'late Sep. 126.2
Aerated Lag.
Stab. l'ond
l'ol. l'ond
042 Aerated Lag. Qaeaical Floc. 0.10

Bvap. or l'erc. l'ond Aerated Lag.
lvap. or Perc. l'ond
043 Hone DAr 4.96

Stab. l'ond
044 filtration 2.72

--'
lvap. or Perc. Pond
1.0
N 28.9
045 DAr Ch•ical noc. 29.71 2.7
-DAr
OAr
046 DAr Ch•ical floc. 55.60 44. 21

DAr
047
048 Stab, Pond Bvap. or l'erc. Pond 1.27 0.85 ~3
lvap. or Perc. l'ond
049 Aerated Lag. Aerated Lag. 1.53 0.71 50

Pol. Pond
050 Aerated Lag. DAr 0.40 0.47 -18

Aerated Lag.
Stab. Pond
Filtration
Page 5 of 26
TABLI VII-9
TREATKIHT OPERATIONS AND WATER USAGE 197]L_AHD 1976

(continued)
Water Usage
l.ef. Treataent Operations Million Gal/Da~ I Red.
No. 1973 1976
--
1973
--976
051 Act. Sludse Chemical floc. 321.

IW'
Act. Slud1e
Pol. Pond
052 Evap. or Perc. Pond Stab. Pond 0.34
Pol. Pond
__, 053 None Filtration 1.25 0.11 Question-

1.0 able
w Data
054 IW' 0.08 0.09 -13

055 None Corr. Plate Sep. 0.18
Stab. Pond
Pol. Pond
Bvap. or Perc. Pond
056 Aerated Las. DAr 5.82 -37
Aerated Las. 4.24
Pol. Pond
Bvap. or Perc. Pond
057 Aerated LaB• Aeraged Lag. 11.63

Pol. Pond
058 None IW' 2.13

059 IW' IW' 51.27 2.4 Question-
Aerated Laa. Act. Sludge able
Deta
Page 6 of 26
TAILI VII-9
TIIAntEHT OPEIATIOHS AND WATEil US~ 1973 ~ 1976

(continued)
Water U88ge
aef. Treataent ~erattona HUlton Gal/Dal ~
~ 1973 1976 1973 1976
060 DAr Cheat cal Jloc. 4.84 5.2 -7.4

Aerated Lag. DAr
Act. Sludge Act. Sludse
rntratioo rut ration
061 DAr Cb-1cal Floc. 12.09

Act. Sludse DAr
Act. Sludge
Pol. Poad
__, 29
\0
062 Trick Filter Trlc:k rntec 13.4 9.57
~ lvap. or Perc. road .Urated Las.
Pol. load
063 .Urated Las. .Urated Las. 7.97 8.79 -10

Stab. load Pol. load
064 DAr DAr 27.89 24.8 11

Act. Sluds• Act. &luds•
065 Act. Sluds• Act. Sludse 4.06 5.0 -23

Pol. load
066 lvap. or Perc. Pond 0.001

067 DAr Cb•lcal noc:. 13.49 144.3 -7
Aerated Las. DAr
.-rated Las.
068 Act. sluds• Act. Sludse 8.52 6.72 21
070 None 0.17

Page 7•.of 26
'UIU Yil-t
!UATHIIIT OPIUTIOU .AJID VATU D8AGI 1973 .AJID 1976

(coatlMCI)
Watel' Uaqe
Ref. Traat. .nt ~l'atlona IUllion Gal/Dal .!..!!!:.
!2:..._ 197l 1976 ll1l 976
071 DU Cbeaical noc. 0.68 o.st 13
Stab. PoD4 DU
Aente4 Laa.
Pol. road
072 Aant~ ,La,. a.-teal noc. 1.44

Stab. Poad Ael'ate4 Lq.
Pol. road
07l Aerated Laa. CIUialcal ftoc. 1.01 1.7t -77

--' Stab. Pond .Aerate4 La&·
1.0
CJ"' Pol. PoD4
074 Aerated taa. Aentetl La&. 0.61 0.67 -o.3

Pol. Poad
075 Hone 1.27
076 Stab. Poud Qaealcal noc. 3.60 1.0 17

Auated La&.
Pol. Poud
077 lvap. Ol' Pare. Pond Act. Siuda• 0.61 0.63 o.o
Pol. PoDd
lvap. or Pare. Pond
078 Hone Ch•lcal J'loc. O.Sl

079 Hone 0.16
080 Stab. Pond Stab. Pond 1.33 3.46 -160

Page 6 of 26
TABLI VII-9
TUATMENT OPBilATIONS AND WATEI. USAGI 1973 AND 1976

(continued).
Water Uaage
Ref. Treataent O~rationa HllUon Gal/Dal ~
No. 1973 1976 1973 !.!1!
081 Chemical Floc. Aerated Lag. 2.50 1.58 37
Aerated Lag. Pol. PoPel
Stab. Pond
082 None lvap. or Perc. PoPel
083 DAF DAF 4.63 4.86 -s.o
_, 084 Aerated Lag. DAF 3.54 3.84 -8.5
1.0 Stab. Pond Act. Sludge
Pol. PoPel
"'
085 None Chemical Floc. 11.0 10.43 5.2
OAF
Act. Sludge
086 DAF Chemical floc. 0.35 0.47 -34
DAr
087 None Bvap. or Perc. Pond 0.42 1.0 -138
088 OAF Stab. Pond 1.16

089 Bvap. or Perc. Pond lvap. or Perc. Pond 0.31 0.19 39
090 Aerated Lag. 0.031
091 None None 0.032 0.012 63
092 PAJ DAF 321.5 278.8 13

Other Org. Rem. Act. Sludge
Aerated Lag.
Pol. Pond
Page 9 of 26
TABLE Vll-9
TREATMENT OPEilATIOHS AHD WATER USAG~ 1973 AHJ) 1976

(continued)
Water Uaage
llef. Treataent Oeerationa Million Gal/Dal• !...!!!:.
Ho. !ill !ill .1973 1976
093 Hone
094 Act. Sludge Corr. Plate Sep. 4.59 3.6 22

Aerated Lag. DAr
Act. Sludge
Pol. Pond
095 Hone Stab. Pond 0.60

__. Pol. Pond
\.0
"-.J 096 Corr. Plate Sep. Corr. Plate Sep. 90.52 34.64 62
Aerated Las. Ch-i cal Floc.
DAr
Act. Sludge
097 Hone 0.034

098 Aerated Las. OAF 31.27 26.56 15
DAr
Aerated Lag.
Stab. Pond
099 DAr 121.

Aerated Lag.
Pol. Pond
100 Filtration Filtration 0.19
101 Aerated Lag.
102 Aerated Las. Aerated Lag. 17.9 21.1 -18

103 Aerated LaJ. 0.27
TABLE Vll-9 Page 10 of 26
'l'IIATMKHT OPIU'fiOIIS AliD WATER USAGI 1973 AIID 1976

(coati oued)
Water Uaage
Ref. Treat..at 02!ratiooa 0
Killioa Gal/DaJ I Reel.
.!2:_ 197:J 1976 1973 976
104 Aerated Lag. Corr. Plata Sep. 24.88 21.34 14
Aerated Lag.
Stab. Poad
105 Aerated Lag. Cbeaical Floc. 11.0 84. -18

OAF .
Aerated Lag.
__, 106 Stab. Poad Aerated Lag. 5.76 4.59 20

\0 Pol. Poad
CP
107 Hone Filtrttion 0.39 0.39 0.0
108 DAr OAF 0.31 0.34 -9.7
109 DAr Cbeaical Floc. 83.25 66.22 20
Act;. Slucl&e, DAr
Trick. Filter Act. Sludge
Trick. Filter
Pol. Pond
110 Stab. Poad 1.22 1.0 18
111 Cbealc:al noc:. 1.8

DAr
112 Filtration Aerated Lag. 0.75 0.51 32

Pol. Pond
114 Act. Sludge Aerated Lag. 0.72 0.59 18
Pol. Pond
Page 11 of 26
TABLB VII-9
TUATMBHT OPIIlATIOIIS AIID WATIIl USAGI ltn ~ !976

(continued)
Water Uaage
llef. Treat.ant 02erationa Million Gal/DaJ I led.
Mo. 1973 1976 1973 976
115 Act. Sludge Pre-Filtration 5.05 3.92 22
Act. Sludge
Pol. Pond
116 Aerated Lag. Stab. Pond 2.06 2.77 -34

117 DAr OAF 2.01 2.10 -4.5
Aerated Lag. Aerated Lag.
Stab. Pond Pol. Pond
__. 118 None Aerated Lag. 0.13 0.94 -623
1.0 Filtration
1.0
119 Filtration Aerated Lag. 0.17 0.23 -35
Filtration
120 Hone Aerated Lag. 0.35 0.29 17
Filtration
121 Corr. Plate Sap. Corr. Plate Sap. 34.5 14.0 59

DAr DAP
Stab. Pond Other Org. Ilea.
Pol. Pond
122 Aerated Lag. Aerated Lag. 12.08 35. Queation-

able
Data
124 Hone Cbeaical floc. 1.87

DAr
Stab. Pond
Page 12 of 26
TABLI VII-9
TUATHIUIT OPIIATIOHS AHD WATIR USAGI 1973 AHD 1976

(continued)
Water Uaa'e
Ref. Treat88nt Operationa Million Gal Dal I Red.
~ 1973 !!!! 1973 .!.!1!
125 Aerate4 Las. Aerated ~•I• 1.23 1.28 -4.1
Stab. Pond Otber Ors. lea.
Pol. Pond
126 Aet:ated Las. !erated Las. 33.0 40.8 -24

127 DU Oleaical noc. 0.31 0.25 19

Aerated Las· DU
Stab. Pond Aerated Las.
N Pol. Pond
0
0
128 •vap. or Perc. Pond 0.01
129 Bvap. or Perc. Poad Aerated Las. 0.15
lvap.. or Perc. Pond
Pol. Pond
130 Hone lone 3.13 2.67 u

131 Stab. Pond OAF 74.01 56.6 24
RIC -
132 Act. Sludse ou 174.5 181.5 -4.0

Aerated Las. Act. Sludse
Ill Stab. Pond DlJ' 35.28 19.3 45
.A~t.Sludse
Trick. filtu
filtration
134 Stab. Pond Act. Sludse 1.64 8.81 -2.0
filtration
Page 13 of 26
TdU YII-9
TIU'l'MUT OPIUTIOIIS Aim VATD US.AGI 1973 Aim 1976

(colltlauad)
Vater u..ae
Ref. Treat..llt Operetlona 111llioll Gal/DaJ !....!!!:.
~
1~73---~ -- ----.!!!! .ill! 1!!!
135
136 Cou. Plate Sep. 0.6

137 Hooe lloDe 0.06
138 Hone lvap. or Perc. PoQd 1.03
139 Stab. Poad lvep. or Perc. Poad 0.168
N
0 140 lvap. or Perc. Poad 0.5
........
141 Hone lvep. or Perc. Pond 0.03
142 OAF Cbealcal floc. 18.35 21.67 -18
DAr
143 OAF Ch-lcal floc. 28.85 33.7 -17

DAr
144 Aerated Las. urated ..... 45.02 1.17 Question-

Pol. Pond able
Data
145 Hone 0.014
146 Stab. Pond Stab. Pond 0.32 0.3 6.3

147 DAr Ch-i cal Floc. 1.40 1.94 -39
DAr
Act. Sludse
148 DAr DAr· 0.47

Page 14 of 26
TABLI VII-9
TIEA'l'MBIIT OPIIATIOIIS AIID WATIIl USAGI 1973 AIID 1976

(continued)
Water Uaase
lef. Treabaent Operation• Million GallO.~ ~
llo. 1973 .!ill. 1973 976
149 Aerated Las. Corr. Plate Sep. 1.78 4.92 -176

Aerated Las.
150 Aerated Las. Corr. Plate Sep. 84.44 60.14 29
Act. S~udse
151 DAF Cbeaical floc. 6.50 7.59 -17
Aerated Las. DAF
Aerated Las.
N Pol. PoDd
0
N
152 DAF DAF 122.1 44.05 64
Aerated Las. Act. Sludse
153 Act. Sludse Other Orsanica lea. 5.43 4.7 13
Trick. Filter Filtration
Aerated Las.
Stab. Pond
154 Aerated Las. Stab. Pond 0.31 0.85 -174
Pol. Pond
155 Stab. Pond Stab. PoDd 0 •.59 0.65 -10
Pol. Pond
156 Aerated Las. Chemical Floc. 2.47 2.37 4.0
DAr
Aerated Las.
Pol. Pond
157 Other Organtca lea. Act. Sludge 7.65 7.33 4.2
Aerated Las.
Other Organica lea.
Page 15 of 26
TABLI Vll-9
TUATMBHT OPIIATIOHS ~ WATII. US~~ 1971_ AJ1D 1976

(continued)
Water Uaa'e
l.ef. rraataent 02erationa Million Gal Oaf !...!!!:.
~ 1973 !lli 1973976
1S8 Ac:t. Sludse Ac:t. Sluqe 1.40 1.49 -6.4
1S9 None Stab. Pond 0.75 0.69 8.0

Pol. Pond
160 DAI' Chemical floc:. 0.53 0.65 -23

Ac:t. Sludse OAr
N filtration Act. Sluds•
0 Stab. Pond
w
Pol •. Pond
lvap. or Perc:. Pond
161 Aerated Las. Aerated Las. 1.'12 0.12 -81

Other Orsanic:a l.ea.
Pol. Poad
162 DAI' DAr 5.84 6.3 -7.9
Aerated Las. Act. Sluilge
163 Aerated Lag. Aerated Las. 4.48 3.5 22

Pol. Pond
164 lvap. or Perc:. Pond
165 Stab. Poad Ch-i cal floc:. 0.73 o.8o -9.6

DAr
Stab. Pond
Pol. Pond
166 None Hone 0.2

Page 16 of 26
TAILB VII-9
TIIATHIII'T OPIU.TIOiiS MID W.lTIR US.AGB 1971 MID 1976

(continued)
Water Uaa'e
Ref. Treataeat Operatioaa Million Gal Dal U!!:.
~ 1973 .!lli ill! 1976
167 D.lF Cbeaical floc. 9.84 11.8 -20
Other OrJanlca lea. D.lF
.let. Sludge
168 PUt ration Pre-lllts:ation 81.4 123. -Sl

.let. Carbon .let. Car boo
169 .let. Sludge .let. SludJe 51.2 49.23 3.8

N Trick. lUter Trick. filter
0
~
170 Hone 7.84
172 Hone Hooe 1.58
173 liooe Hooe 5.43 1.07 43
174 Hone Aerated Lag. 28.8 8.08 72

175 liooe Corr. Plate Sep. 124.5 106.6 14
176 Hone Aerated Lag. 3.28 5.86 -79

177 Hone Hone 4.10 2.15 48
178 ~ o.8z
179 Aerated Lag. Cheaical Jloc. 0.98 0.98 o.o
Aerated Lag.
Stab. Pood
Pol. Pond
180 Aerated LaJ. D.lF 4.18 1.91 11

lvap. or Perc. Pond .let. Sludse
Page 17 of 2~
TABLE YII-9
I'IUU'l'MBNT OPIIATIOIJS AND WATIR US.tGI lt7l AIID 1976

(continued)
Water Uea'e
Ref. Treat..ot Of!ratiooa Killion Gal Dal !...!!.!!.:.
~ 1973 .!!!! !!.!! .!!!!
181 Aerated Las. Pre-1'1ltrat1oo
Act. Sluclse 26.70 27.5 -3.0
1'1ltrat1oo
182 Aerated Laa. Act. Sluclse 16.56 14.53 12
183 DU Cbeaical l'loc. 1.40

Aerated Las. DU
N Aerated Las.
0 Pol. Pond
c.n
184 Act. Sluclae a--teal l'loc. 6.32 6.86 -8.5
Act. Sludae
185 Bvap. or Perc. Poocl lvap. or Perc. Poocl 2.4

186 DU DAr 4.35 6.13 -18
Act. Sluclse Act. Sluclse
Stab. Poocl
187 Evap. or Perc. Poocl I'Utratioo 2.35

lvap. or Perc. Poocl
188 Hone Corr. Plate Sep. 6.22 5.23 16
189 Hone Aerated Las. 0.05 0.03 40
Pol. Poocl
190 OAF Aerated Las. 0.40 0.12 70

Aerated Las. Pol. Poocl
191 DAr 2.89

Page 18 of 26
TAILI VII-9
TBEATHBHT OPIRATIOHS AND WATEa USAGI 1973 AND 1976

(c:oatlnued)
Water Uaa'e
aef. Treat.eot O~eratiooa Hillioo Gal DaJ l.!!!!.
~ 1973 I
ill! !lli _ill
192 lvap. or Perc:. Pond 0.035
193 llooe 110114 0.039 0.053 -36
195 Hone Ilona 0.0011

196 DU Corr. Plate Sap. 130.0 46.38 64
N Act. Sludge Q\ealcal floc:.
0 Stab. Pond DU
0'\
Act. Sludge
Stab. Poocl
197 Aerated Lag. 0.012

Pol. Pond
198 Hone
199 Pra-I'Utratioo 0.05

hratecl.La&.
I'Utr~ttiOD
200 llooe llooe 2.00 1.43 29

201 DU Cheaical Ploc. 2.02 2.9 -44
.Aerated Laa. DAr
Act. Sludge
PUt ration
202 0.004
Page 19 of 26
TAi~ VII-9
TUA'l'HEIIT OPUATIOHS AIID WATIR USAGI 1973 AIID 1976

(continued)
Water Uaase
Ref. Treabaent ~erationa Million GallDef I Red.
Ho. 1973 1976 1973 976
203 DAr Cbeaical rloc. 52.4 29.14 44

Act. Sludge OAF
204 Act. Sludge ctae.ical floc. 8.07

OAF
Act. Sludge
Pol. Pond
205 DAI' OAF 12.66 9:05 29
N Stab. Pond Pol. Pond
0
........
206 lvap. or Perc. Pond 0.05 0.14 -180
207 Hone Hone
208 Trick. filter Corr. Plate Sep. 15.25 23.2 -52
Act. Sludge Act. Sludge
Stab. Pond Trick. filter
Stab. Pond
209 Evap. or Perc. Pond OAF 0.76
Stab. Pond
Pol. Pond
lvap. or Perc. Pond
210 Hone
211 DAI' Chemical floc. 1.25 1.98 -58

Aerated Lag. DAl
Act. Sludge
Aerated Lag.
filtration
TABU VU-9 Page 20 of 26
TIEA'l'HEH'f OPIBATIOHS AND WATIIl USA~I 1913 .~ 1976

( cont lnued)
Water Usage
llef. Trestaent Operations Million Gal/Dal ~
No. 1973 !ill. 1973 1976
212 DAP D.U 3.57
Act. Sludge Act. Sludge
213 OAF OAr 0.14
Aerated Lag.
Stab. Pond
Pol. Pond
214 lvap. or Perc. Pond lvap. or Perc. Pond
N
0 2U lvap. or Perc. Pond lvap. or Perc. Pond
00
216 Act. Sludge Cb-ical Floc. 672. 53.24 Question-
Aerated Lag. Act. Sludge able
Aerated Lag. Data
218 Evap. or Perf• Pond 0.68
219 Aerated Lag. Aerated Lag. 3.45

Pol. Pond
Filtration
220 Evap. or Perc. Pond 0.087
221 Act. Sludge Other Organics Rea. 14.33 8.15 43

222 Stab. Pond Aerated Lag. 0.89
Pol. Pond
223 None
224 DAF Cheaical Floc. 0.40 0.413 -3.3
DAr
TABLI VII-9 Page 21 of 26
TIU.DWIT OPIIlATIOIIS AIID VATIIl USAGI 1973 AIID 1976

(contioued)
Vater Uaase
Ref. Treat. .nt Operation• Killion GallDaf ll!!:.
.!!!.!_.. 1973 --1976 1973 ~76
225 DAI' DAI' 2.52

JiltrUion
226 Stab. Polld Stab. Pollll 0.04 0.084 -110

Pol. Pollll
227 Stab. Pollll ou 2.5~ 2.59 -1.2

lvap. or Perc. PoDd Aerated LaJ•
llBC
N Pol. Pollll
0 rutratioa
\0
228 lvap. or Perc. Polld S~ab. Poncl 0.48 0.55 -15

Pol. Pollll
229 Hoae lvap. or Perc. Poncl 0.15
230 Stab. Polld Stab. PoDd 1.80 1.5 17
231
232 Aerated Lal• a.-leal noc. 72.22 63.65 12

rutratioa Filtration
233 DAI' Act. Sluclfe 5.59 3.75 33

Act. Sludse Trick. Ji ter
Stab. Polld Pol. Poncl
234 DAI' DAr 2.30

Act. Sludge Act. Slucls•
Trick. Filter
lol. Poncl
Page 22 of 26
UILI VII-9
TIIATHIHT OPBIATIOHS AND WATER USAGE 1973 AHD 1976

(continued)
Water Usage
Ref. Treabaent ~rations Hillion Gal/Da{ l Red.
Ho. !lli 197, 1973 976
235 Trick. •nter Act. Sludge 4.40 3.66 17
Act. Sludge Trick. nlter
Pol. Pond
236 •ntration 0.13 o.u -15
237 Corr. Plate Sep. Corr. Plate Sep. 0.038

ou
Act. Carbon
N
__. 238 Trick. •tlter Act. Sludge 3.72 4.2 -13
0 Act. Sludge Trick. •titer
Aerated Lag.
Stab. Pond
Pol. Pond
239 Filtration Corr. Plate Sep. 0.23 0.216 6.1
Stab. Pond DC
Pol. Pond
240 None 1.58 1.34 15
241 Other Organica Rea. Act. Sludge 2.47 0.96 61
Pol. Pond
242 None Hone 0.95 0.86 9.5

Evap. or Perc. Pond Pol. P9nd
244 Bvap. or Perc. Pond 3.19
Page 23 of 26
· TABLB Vll-9
TiiATMIHT OPBIATIOHS AND WATEI. USAGE 1973 AND 1976

(continued)
Water Uaage
l.ef. Treataent Operation• Million Gal/Day I l.ed.
No. 1973 1976 1973 1976
245 Stab. Pond Corr. Plate Sep.
Aerated Lag.
Pol. Pond
lvap. or Perc. Pond
246 DAl Aerated Lag. 2.16 2.84 -31
Stab. Pond lvap. or Perc. Pond
lvap. or Pare. Pond Pol. Pond
N
__, 247 Bvap. or Perc. Pond lvap. or Perc. Pond 0.84
__,
248 lvap. or Perc. Pond
249 DAP DAP
lvap. or Perc. Pond lvap. or Perc. Pond
250 Bvap. or Par~. Pond
251
252 Stab. Pond Stab. Pond 0.24 0.32 -33
253 Evap. or Perc. Pond Bvap. or Perc. Pond
254 Hone 1.0
255 Pre-Filtration 0.13
Aerated Lag.
Pol. Pond
256 Corr. Plate Sap. 0.04
Stab. Pond
Page 24 of 26
TABLB Vll-9
Ti!ATHINT OPEIATIOHS AND WATER USAGE 1973 AND 1976

(continued)
Water Ueege
Ref. Treataent Operation• Million Gal/Day I Red.
1976 1W6
~ ill! ~----
257 DU Stab. Pond 99.5

Aerated Lag.
258 Aerated Lag. DAr 1.96
Act. Sludge
Pol. Pond
259 OAF 21.55
Act. Sludge
"'__, 260 Hone Aerated Las. 0.25 1.0 -300
"' 261 DU
Trick. PUt.r
uc
Evap. or Perc. rood
264 3.0
265 Corr. Plate Sep. 2.07
DAr
Act. Sludse
Stab. Pood
Pol. Pond
266 Hone Hone 0.94 0.83 12
275
278 Hone 0.024
282
Page 25 of 26
TABU YII-9
ftU.'niUT OPIIATIOIIS AIID V~TU. USAG& 1913 AIID 1976

(continued)
Vater Uaase
lef. Treat.. nt Operationa Million Gal/Day ~
Ho. 1973 m ill! _m
283
284
287
288
289
N
__,
w 290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
Page 26 of 26
TABLE VII-9
TIIATHIUIT OPIIIATIOHS AND WATER USiGI 1973 AND 1976

(continued)
Water Uaqe
llef. Treat.aut Operation• Hil~io~ Gal/Day ~
~ .!!1! !lli !ill. --nn
299
300
301
N 302 lvap. or Perc. Pond

--'
.p.
303
3()4
305
306
307
308 lvap. or Perc. Poad
309 Cheat cal l'loc.

Act. Sludge
Aeratecl Lag.
TABLE VII-10
S!mna of Trg1;m,ID1j 'tJs!mologig
for 1973 md 1976
=11tmerrt: iXI:!;IIIII N'Umb!Ui: Silf BI':.UWII

un Uli
~teci Plate S•pantors 4 20
01.Ucal lloc:culation 1 46
Di. .olve Air Plotaticm 56 68
Othu: l'lotat.ion Sy•t- 1 l.S
PntUt::at.ion TJDlcnCiwn s<1l
Activated Sludqe 30 so
Tn.c:Jcl.i.nq l!'ilt-.r 7 10
unteci r.qoon 63 73
St:a.bil.i.zation i'rmd 44 35
Ratatinq Bioloqical Contac:tor 0 5
Other Orqanic::s a.K)YaJ. 4 10

l!'ilt:a~ 10 23(1)
Pallshinq i'rmd8 T1DJCDowl1 7!5
Ac:ti.vateci <:arDon 1 2
!:lraporatian or Percal&t:Lcn Ponda 2& 37
(1) Twa refineries have both pretiltrati.cm and po•t fi.lt..-ation.

so that a total of only 27 refineries had filtration syst-
iD 1976.
215
TABLE VII-11
IIEFDDY rtolf VS • rmAI. !2'!'I.D!:11'r

~011 roa l.1 sCII!iEliDG Pr.AHTS
Pee~ of Avvaqe Avuaqe Avvaqe AYU"aqe

Ratii!.MY ~Di~ BOD, TSS, 'rOC, Oil. all4 ~-.
Code n- to arr flaw !!Ll- :!!iLL- ~ !!J!l
A 40.8 c 4• .5 37.0 u.o •
a 17.8 ].8.5 zz.o 43.0 34.0
c 36.7 41.0 ].9.0 39.0 9.0
D 49.7 u.s.o 62.0 420.0 •
t 1.43.3 <. 9.5 l.4.S lO.O •
r • 96 :Z7.0 l.03.0 9Z.S •
G Ul.7 <.12 • .5 56.0 60.0 ].6.5
II 72 • .5 4 4.5 9.0 ].9 • .5 zo.o
I 69.4 <U.O a.o 31.5 6.0
.1 58.0 6.0 u.s 30.0 u.o
It 89.4 4 a.s 14.0 40.5 u.s
t. l.73.9 4 7.5 :Z7.S l.6 • .5 •
II 35.0 <-U.o u.s l.6.0 u.o
II
0
69.l
Ul.J
9.0
451.0
45.0
:zs.o
34.5
46.0 ..•
p • .: 5.0 6 • .5 43.5 •
Q za.o :zs. 0 30.0 68.5 u.o
SJ.ove •. u • • lS •• Jl. - .u
tAa=ept: 31.27 42.40 70.96 :Z6.03
(c:oznl,ad.oD) :z .03 .08 .08 .09
!Iota I • • 110 DAD
216
TABLE VII-12
Effluent Concentration From SO Plant Study
Pollutant Parameter Daily Maximum 30-day

Study BPT Study BPT
N
__,
'-I
BODl 62 48 20 25.5
TSS 58 31 24 21
0 &G 17 15 5.6 8.0
CRT 0.5 0.725 0.13 0.425
POL 1.2 0.35 o. 19 0. 17
NOTE: Concentrations are given in milligrams per liter (mg/L)

TABLE VII-13
ACHIEVABLE LIMITATIONS VALUES
Mean Daily Daily 30-Day 30-Day

Pollutant Pollutant Variability Limitation Variability Limitation
BPT Refineries Level Factor Value Factor Value
BOD 15.74 3.93 61.86 1.27 19.95
TSS 19.23 3.00 57.69 1.22 23.53
O&G 4.446 3.90 17.34 1.27 5.63
CRT 0.0928 5.48 0.5085 1.36 0.13
POL 0.1229 10.04 1.234 1.56 0.19

N
__,
co
Note: Concentrations are given in mi-lligrams per liter (mg/L)
~
lS
=
..J
--
I
en
u
-
en
g ~
<.II
Q
en
...en
~
~
> <.II
...-
z =
..J
en
UJ
c:: ...
<
=
z
- ...=
:;)
~ ~
u.. ~
219
FIGURE VII-2
fl~]iasra._of a Granular Activated Carbon Syste.

Backwash out
-------...-
Influent
N
N
(]) (8)
0
.:._,o..(2 }--J;
CC.:U'\} I ]'-:LJI~'r--
· · · L • •
L@~"(
"----.JI --- ::!~ -- J~]~---4-
Effluent
- Bact.wuh
[
-- Water _ l I -----··-·-
(~) ~ -·----
----- }
----..-. --··- ---
--·--·----~
To other carbon trains
P1f1llil.fjpl anatlon
61 Effluent f~ 2nd tank 1n sertes
!~
Main nffuentibedder (to 1st tank in series)
2 Main effluent header (frOIII 3rd tank 1n sertes) 1 Connection between ll and 15 headers
l Influent header to 2nd tank h1 series b tonnecUoo between t4 and f6 headers
4 Influent header to lrd tank 1n series
5 Effluent header fr001 1st tank in ser1e~ \9 Backwash in}et header
1 ) Backwash ou let header
FIGURE VII-3
Carbon Regeneration System
M•-'•':
Regenerated
I ~tJ
...__
uU: ~I ~
Spent Carbon
Carbon Holding
Holding Carboq Adsorption Tarde
lank Tanks
N
N
~-------
......
~
furnace
FIGURE VII-4
Flow Diagram of One Powdered Activated
Carbon Treatment Treatment Scheme
Wcutewater lnf)uent.. l____ l Treated Effluent

--------~-ll__________ ~ -~~
r
Acttvated Sludge
Unth
r-_.,
N
Powdered
Activated
Cubon
( )-l I (
N Inlet Sludge filter Presses Carbon
N Thtdener Regener;at1on
furnace
Carbon Ha~e-u~t
·-----a.
_____
Acid Wuh
] _.
Systeaa
SECTION VIII
BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY ACHIEVABLE
SUMMARY
Best Available Control Technology Economically Achievable (BAT)
is equivalent to the existing Best Practicable Technology
Currently Available (BPT) level of control. BAT technology,
which is the same as BPT, includes in-plant control and end-of-
pipe treatment. BPT in-plant technology consists of widely used
control practices such as ammonia and sulfide control,
elimination of once through barometric condenser water,
segregation of sewers, and elimination of polluted once-through
cooling water. BPT end-of-pipe treatment includes flow
equalization, initial oil and solids removal {API separator or
baffle plate separator), further oil and solids removal
(clarifier or dissolved air flotation), biological treatment, and
filtration or other final "polishing" steps. The effluent
limitations for BAT are the same as those for SPT because the BAT
flow model and subcategorization scheme are the same as those for
BPT. BAT control technology, which is equivalent to BPT
technology, is Option 9 of the nine options considered by the
Agency.
BAT limitations, in general, represent the best economically
achievable performance of direct dischargers included in an
industrial category or subcategory. BAT limitations control the
discharge of toxics (priority pollutants) and non-conventional
pollutants (COD, phenolic compounds [4AAP], ammonia and sulfides)
in the effluent of existing direct dischargers in the petroleum
refining industry. BAT does not regulate conventional pollutants
(TSS, oil and grease, BODS and pH) which are considered under
Best Conventional Treatment Economically Available (BCT).
In assessing BAT, the Agency considers the age of the equipment
and facilities involved, the processes employed, the engineering
aspects of control technologies, process changes, the cost of
achieving such effluent reduction, and non-water quality
environmental impacts. The Admi'nistrator retains considerable
discretion in assigning the weight to be accorded these factors.
Where existing performance is uniformly inadequate, BAT may be
transferred from a different subcategory or category.
EPA is required to consider costs, but does not have to balance
costs against effluent reduction benefits. However, EPA has
given substantial weight to the reasonableness of costs. The
Agency has considered the volume and nature of discharges, the
volume and nature of discharges expected after application of
BAT, the general environmental effects of the pollutants, and the
223
costs and economic impacts of the required pollution control
levels.
Effluent limitations for the petroleum refining industry are
expressed as mass limitations, i.e., restrictions on the total
quantity of pollutants that may be discharged. Since the total
mass of pollutants in an effluent stream depends on both the
total effluent flow and the concentration of pollutants in that
flow, the nine options considered for BAT reflect both flow and
concentration considerations.
~ OPTIONS CONSIDERED
EPA investigated nine control and treatment technology options
for selection of BAT criteria. Options 1 through 6 were
considered in formulating the proposed rule published in 1979.
Model flow for options 1 through 5 refers to the flow model
presented in the 1979 proposed regulation. Detailed explanation
of these options is available in the 1979 draft development
document. Option 7, a modification of Option 2, and Option 8, a
modification of Option 1, were developed using the data base
available at the time of the 1979 proposal, supplemented and
modified by information collected by EPA after the proposed rule
was published, as well as from public comments received on the
proposed rule. Model flow for Options 7 and 8 refers to the
refined flow model which reconciled discrepancies noted in the
1979 model, and more accurately depicted refinery wastewater
flows (see Section IV).
Option 9, the BPT level of control, was reconsidered after
publication of the proposed rule, as a result of public comments
received. Model flow for Option 9 refers to the flow model
presented in the 1974 development document.
Option 1 - Discharge flow reduction of 27 percent from model
flow, achieved through greater reuse and recycle of
wastewaters, in addition to BPT treatment.
flow, achieved through greater reuse and recycle of
wastewaters, in addition to BPT treatment. This was the
control treatment option selected in the 1979 proposal.
flow per Option 1, plus BPT treatment enhanced with powdered
activated carbon to reduce residual toxic organic pollutants.
flow per Option 2, in addition to BPT treatment plus
segregation and separate treatment of cooling tower blowdown.
Cooling tower blowdown treatment for metals removal includes
reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium, pH
adjustment, precipitation, and settling or clarification.
224
flow per Option 1, in addition to BPT treatment plus granular
activated carbon treatment to reduce residual toxic organic
pollutants.
Option 6 -A "no discharge of wastewater pollutants" (i.e.,
zero discharge) standard based upon reuse, recycle,
evaporation, or reinjection of wastewaters.
Option 7 Discharge flow reduction of 37.5 percent from
refined model flow achieved through greater reuse and recycle
of wastewaters, in addition to BPT treatment.
Option 8 - Discharge flow reduction of approximately 20
percent from refined model flow achieved through greater
reuse and recycle of wastewaters, in addition to BPT
treatment.
Option 9 - Flow equalization, initial oil and solids removal
(API separator or baffle plant separator), additional
oil/solids removal (clarifiers or dissolved air flotation),
biological treatment, and filtration or other final
"polishing" steps. This option is the basis of the existing
regulations.
OTtion l· Reduce discharge flow to 27 percent below model
flowflow model for 1979 proposal) in addition to BPT treatment.
Establish a long term achievable concentration for phenolic
compounds (4AAP) at 19 ug/1 as the base for computing pollutant
load. Fifty percent of the petroleum refineries were already
operating at this flow level (27 percent less than model flow) at
the time of the 1979 proposal.
Flow reduction is a viable technology in the petroleum refining
industry. Since 1972 the refining industry has reported
decreasing wastewater discharge flows as refineries install water
conservation, recycle and reuse technology in response to
existing regulations, water supply costs, and water treatment
costs. The following summary of industry discharge flows
demonstrates this significant change in water management
practices:
Specified Flow Type Total Flow, MGD

1. Total 1976 Indirect Discharge Flow
(Supplemental Flow Questionnaire) so
2. Total Calculated BPT Flow 1972 569
3. Total 1976 Direct Discharge Flow
(Supplemental Flow Questionnaire) 346
4. Total 1976 Direct Discharge Flow
225
Minus Planned Flow Reductions (1977
Industry Survey and Supplemental Flow
Questionnaire) 311
5. Total allowable BAT Flow Based on
1979 Proposed Flow Model 227
6. Total allowable BAT Flow Based on
Refined Flow Model 251
7. S~e as (5), except actual individual
flows from (4) are used if less than
allowable individual BAT Flows 205
B. Same as (6), except actual individual
flows from (4) are used if less than
allowable individual BAT Flows 215
The methods of recycle/reuse are described in detail in Section
VII. In order to verify that the 37.5 percent flow reduction was
achievable, the Agency · conducted a 15 plant study ( 159). The
study concluded that this level of flow reduction can be achieved
by traditional recycle/reuse schemes.
Figure V-3 shows the results of projecting this trend toward
reduced wastewater flow. The analysis predicts that the
petroleum refining industry will achieve the Option 7 flow level
(63 percent of revised model flow) within a few years. Reduction
in pollutant loading occurs when BPT treatment systems achieve
the same discharge pollutant concentrations at a reduced
discharge flow level.
Tne Agency has concluded that removal of non-conventional
pollutants would not change measureably from BPT treatment to BPT
treatment plus 27 percent flow reduction. Ammonia and sulfide
loadings depend primarily upon the process of stripping sour
waters, an in-plant control technique, and will not be directly
related to flow. No technologically feasible process changes or
in-plant controls have been identified to further reduce ammonia
and sulfides. Also, chemical oxygen demand (COD) does not vary
directly with effluent flow. The Agency's attempts to quantify
or predict changes in COD levels with the implementation of flow
reduction/water reuse technologies were inconclusive.
Option 1 would limit total phenols at a mass limitation based
upon an effluent concentration equivalent to 19 ug/L. The Agency
received a number of comments on this issue stating that the
proposal to limit total phenols at 19 ug/L was too stringent
because technology is not available to consistently achieve such
a level. Additional information on phenols was collected by EPA
in the Petroleum Refining L(ng Term~ Analysis (161) and the
"Surrogate Sampling Program" 162} subsequent to the December
1979 proposal. Information collected included effluent data from
226
49 refineries for calendar year 1979 plus 60 day sampling results
at two refineries in 1980. Analysis of the data collected durinq
these two studies concluded that 100 ug/L is appropriate to
establish a mass limitation applicable on an industrywide basis
in light of the variability due to fluctuations in treatment
system performance.
Discharge of toxic priority pollutants would be less than BPT
levels because the refineries would achieve former BPT
concentrations at reduced discharge flows. Estimates of the
pollutant reductions to be achieved by BPT treatment plus flow
reduction assumed that the pollutant load for trivalent and
hexavalent chromium after BPT treatment would be at or near the
allowable level. Subsequent evaluation of BPT treatment since
the original estimates indicates that BPT treatment achieves
better removal of priority pollutants than originally thought,
and that reduction in flow would achieve minimal further
reductions. The Agency has estimated this further reduction in
toxic pollutants over BPT treatment at 1 percent of the priority
pollutants in raw refinery wastewater. This translates into an
additional removal beyond BPT of approximately 1.3 pounds of
toxic pollutants per day, per direct discharge refinery (168}.
The preamble to the proposed 1979 regulation (44 FR 75933) stated
that $23.5 million additional investment would be required with
an annual cost of $9.3 million (1979 dollars) to implement Option
1 for this industry. The capital costs, to a considerable
extent, represent retrofit costs. These cost figures are the
incremental costs beyond BPT to achieve Option 1 technology.
Option 1 effluent limitations are based upon the flow model for
the 1979 proposal. Since the Agency has decided not to use this
flow model for the regulation, Option 1 was rejected.
Option ~· Reduce discharge flow, 52 percent below model flow
(flow model for 1979 proposal} in addition to BPT treatment.
Establish a long term achievable concentration for phenolic
compounds (4AAP) at 19 ug/1 as the base for computing pollutant
load. Thirty-eight percent of the refineries were already
operating at or below 52 percent of model flow at the time of the
1979 proposal.
Removal of non-conventional poll~tants (ammonia, sulfides and

COD} is not directly dependent upon flow redu~tion. Like Option
1, the Agency has concluded that installation of flow reduction
will not achieve measureable decrease in non-conventional
pollutant loads over BPT treatment.
This option would also apply the 19 ug/L long term concentration
to the 52 percent of model flow to calculate the allowable load
by phenolic compounds (4AAP).
227
Again, many commenters questioned the ability of petroleum
refineries to achieve this long term effluent concentration on an
industrywide basis. Additional studies by the Agency concluded
that 19 ug/L cannot be achieved consistently and that 100 ug/L is
the appropriate concentration for regulating loadings of phenolic
compounds (4AAP) for all direct dischargers in the petroleum
refining industry.
Removal of priority pollutants would again be accomplished by the
refineries achieving BPT level treatment at even greater reduced
flows. The Agency's analysis of available data shows that
implementation of Option 2 would remove an additional 1.5 percent
of toxic pollutants from raw wastewaters beyond BPT treatment
levels (168}. BPT removes 96 percent of the toxic pollutants
from raw wastewaters discharged by the petroleum refining
industry. This additional 1.5 percent translates into an
additional removal beyond BPT of approximately two pounds of
toxic pollutants per day, per direct discharge refinery.
The preamble to the 1979 proposal (44 FR 75938} stated that
implementation of Option 2 would result in the removal of
approximately 123,000 pounds of chromium per year. This 123,000
pounds of chromium per year represents the incremental removal
from the BPT level to the BAT Option 2 level. However, based
upon reevaluation of the effluent data base, the Agency has found
this figure was overstated, because the observed chromium
discharge of refineries with BPT level treatment was considerably
less than that allowable by the BPT chromium limitations. The
actual amount of chromium which would have been removed under
this option is ·approximately 32,000 pounds per year (168).
Implementation of Option 2 would result in annual cost to the
industry of $62 million with an initial capital investment of
$138 million (1979 dollars). Initial investment includes, to a
considerable extent, retrofit costs. These cost estimates
represent the incremental cost beyond BPT treatment to achieve
Option 2 technology.
BAT Option 2 was developed using the proposed 1979 flow
model. However, based upon data submitted by commenters and the
"Flow Model" study performed by EPA after the proposal {See
Section IV), the proposed 1979 flow model was modified. The
technical points raised by some of the commenters were of
considerable assistance in the flow model refinement process.
The main emphasis of the comments concerned the statistical
deficiencies of the proposed model, the choice of model
variables, and aspects of the resulting model fit. The structure
of the model and the process variables to be included were
reexamined and modified accordingly. This refinement process
resulted in the refined flow model which was more representative
of the current wastewater generation in the industry. Thus,
Option 2 has been rejected because it was based on the proposed
flow model that has been modified.
228
Option 3. Reduce discharge flow by 27 percent of model flow
(flow model for 1979 proposal) per Option 1 plus enhanced BPT
treatment with powdered activated carbon (PAC) to reduce residual
toxic organic pollutants.
The two end-of-pipe treatment technologies that were used to
establish Option 3 are rotating biological contactors (RBC) and
powdered activated carbon (PAC) treatment. At the time of the
Agency's data collection efforts in 1976-1979, there were seven
facilities using these technologies. The Agency determined that,
upon analysis of available data, there are significant
operational (mechanical) problems with RBC technology. The
Agency also found that full-scale experience with PAC technology
was mixed, i.e., some facilities experienced consistently
measurable pollutant reductions as intended, while others
experienced inconsistent or no measurable effluent reductions.
Because of these operational problems observed in full-scale
facilities, there was limited performance information available.
The Agency's analysis of available data shows that implementation
of Option 3 would remove an additional 1.5 percent of toxic
pollutants from raw wastewaters beyond BPT tr·eatment levels.
This translates into an additional removal beyond BPT of
approximately two pounds of toxic pollutants per day, per direct
discharge refinery (168).
Option 3, flow reduction plus PAC enhancement of a biological
system may offer promise as a treatment technology to remove
individual toxic pollutants under special circumstances, but this
option is not a proven technology in the petroleum refining
industry which can be applied in an industrywide regulation.
Full scale experience with this technology did not produce
consistent measurable results.
Given the limited additional effluent reduction benefits and the
limited performance data available at this time, Option 3 is not
warranted for this industry.
Option !· Reduce discharge flow by 52 percent of model flow
(flow model for 1979 proposal) per Option 2 plus BPT treatment
and separate treatment of cooling tower blowdown. This option
could result in better removals than Option 2, since cooling
tower biocides would not enter the biological treatment system
and wastewater would not be diluted with cooling water before
biological treatment.
Option 4 was predicated on industrywide ability to segregate,
collect, and separately treat cooling tower blowdown, the major
source of chromium for this industry. The wastewater
recycle/reuse study (see Section VII), completed after the
publication of the proposed regulation, concluded that, for
existing sources, it is extremely difficult in many instances to
segregate cooling tower blowdown for chromium treatment. Cooling
229
tower blowdown is typically effected at numerous locations
throughout a refinery. Extensive collection systems would be
necessary at many refineries to collect all blowdown streams for
separate treatment. In addition, not all cooling tower blowdown
streams are collectible. For instance, cooling water when used
as makeup for refinery processing commingles with process water
and cannot be traced or segregated, especially in older
refineries. Therefore, the Agency has determined that it would
not be proper to base BAT effluent limitations guidelines on this
technology option.
Because this technology is not available to all direct discharge
refineries on an industrywide basis, the Agency has rejected
Option 4 as the basis for BAT regulation of existing refineries.
However, refineries which will be built in the future can
incorporate separate treatment of cooling tower blowdown into the
plant design.
Option i· Reduce discharge flow to 27 percent below model
flow (flow model for 1979 proposal) plus BPT treatment and
granular activated carbon treatment to reduce residual toxic
organic pollutants. Option 5 would provide treatment equivalent
to Options 2 and 3.
BAT Option 5 is predicated on industrywide ability to install and
operate granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment as an end-of-
pipe technology. Although GAC technology is used in other
industries, long term performance data of full scale systems
treating refinery wastewaters would be required before this
technology could be used as the basis for industrywide effluent
limitations.
The Agency conducted six pilot plant treatability studies that
used GAC to treat refinery wastes after BPT treatment (108).
While toxic pollutant removal generally increases with the use of
GAC, the levels of toxic pollutants after BPT treatment were so
low that additional pollutant reduction across GAC treatment was
minimal. Difficulties in quantifying pollutant reductions were
experienced when the Agency tried to evaluate toxic pollutant
removals in BPT treated water where concentrations approached the
analytical limits of quantification.
Because of the difficulties experienced in Agency attempts to
measure removal of tox~c pollutants, removal efficiencies have
not been estimated for this option. Moreover, considering the
marginal benefits and uncertain effectiveness of this technology
in treating dilute concentrations of priority pollutants, the
Agency decided to reject BAT Option 5.
Option i· Zero discharge of wastewater is a demonstrated
technology. There are currently fifty-five refineries in the
United States that do not discharge wastewater. However, the
technology employed at these zero discharge refineries is very
230
site specific, e.g., 32 of the 55 use evaporation/percolation
basins which rely upon special conditions of climate and geology.
The zero discharge technologies considered by the Agency include
those currently in use by the industry and those that are
applicable from other industrial sources. The Agency realizes
that some of the technologies in use by the refinery industry can
not be applied in other geographical locations because of
meteorological conditions, load availability, and other
environmental constraints. Vapor compression distillation is
i•dentif ied to be universally available and applicable. Although
none of the refineries are using VCD, full scale use of such a
system is being used successfully in the steam electric industry.
However, the secondary impacts of VCD can be quite severe, and
are prohibitive in the Agency's opinion. These secondary impacts
include high energy consumption and solid waste generation.
Removal of toxic pollutants under this option would be 100%
assuming that percolating or injected wastewater will not be
transported to acquifers and streams. The 1979 development
document (158) did not contain an estimate of the cost of
retrofitting all existing direct discharge refineries to zero
discharge. The technology would be different for each refinery
and could be expected to incur higher capital and operating costs
than a new refinery designed to achieve zero discharge.
The Agency rejected BAT Option 6, (1) because of its high capital
and operating costs, including significant retrofit expenditures;
and (2) because analysis of the zero discharge technologies
revealed that significant non-water quality impacts would result
from their use. These non-water quality impacts include
generation of large amounts of solid waste and very high energy
consumption.
Oltion 1· Reduce discharge flow to 37.5 percent below model
flow refined flow model) plus BPT treatment. Option 7 is
similar to Option 2, except that the revised mathematical model
calculates a slightly different flow quantity. Also the flow
reduction below model flow is less -than the 1979 proposal. Based
upon the r~finements to the 1979 flow model described above, flow
reduction was revised from an average 52 percent from the 1979
model flow to 37.5 percent from the refined model flow. This
average 37.5 percent flow reduction was designated Option 7.
Option. 7 resulted from modeling efforts conducted after the 1979
proposed regulation. The methods of recycle/reuse are described
in detail in Section VII. In order to verify that the 37.5
percent flow reduction was achievable, the Agency conducted a 15
plant study. The study concluded that this level of flow
reduction can be achieved by traditional recycle/reuse schemes.
Removal of non-conventional pollutants beyond BPT treatment would
be limited for the reasons discussed under Options 1 and 2.
231
The Agency's analysis of available data shows that implementation
of Option 7 would have removed an additional 110,000 pounds of
toxic pollutants annually beyond BPT treatment levels, equivalent
to an additional 1.5 percent of toxic pollutants from raw
wastewaters beyond BPT treatment levels. This translates into an
additional removal beyond BPT of two pounds of toxic pollutants
per day per direct discharge refinery.
The Agency estimated the costs to implement Option 7 recycle and
reuse technologies. A capital cost of $112 million and $37
million (1979 dollars) in annual costs are associated with Option
7.
The Agency believes, that given the limited additional effluent
reduction benefits and the costs involved, Option 7 is not
warranted for this industry.
2Ttion !· Reduce discharge flow to 20 percent below model
flow revised flow model} plus BPT treatment. BAT Option 8 is
similar to Option 1. Based upon adqitional data submitted by
commenters and the technical studies performed by EPA after the
proposal (See Section IV), the flow model upon which Option 1 is
based was reevaluated. The result of this reevaluation was a
refinement in the 1979 flow model with use of more and better
quality data. The amount of flow reduction via recycle and reuse
technologies was determined to be an average 20 percent below
refined model flow.
Removal of non-conventional pollutants beyond BPT would be
limited for the reasons discussed under Option 1. The Agency's
analysis of available data shows that implementation of Option 8
would remove an additional one percent of toxic pollutants from
raw wastewaters beyond BPT treatment levels. This translates
into an additional removal beyond BPT of 1.3 pounds of toxic
pollutants per day, per refinery (168).
The cost of implementing Option 8 is estimated at a capital cost
of $77 million and an annual cost of $25 million (1979 dollars}.
The Agency believes that, given all these factors and the costs
involved, Option 8 is not warranted for this industry.
Option 9. A level of control equivalent to the BPT level of
control consists of flow equalization, initial oil and solids
removal (API separator, baffle plate separator), further oil and
solids removal (clarifiers, dissolved air flotation), biological
treatment, and filtration or other final "polishing" steps. This
option is based upon the flow model developed for the BPT
regulations promulgated by the Agency in 1974. Therefore, the
effluent limitations are equivalent to the BPT effluent
limitations.
232
Removal of non-conventional pollutants would remain at current
BPT levels. Table VI-1 shows a total annual raw wastewater
loading of non-conventional pollutants equal to 257,231 kkg/yr.
BPT treatment would reduce this pollutant waste load to 66,988
kkg/yr for a net 74 percent removal of non-conventional
pollutants by the petroleum refining industry. Table VI-1
contains removal efficiencies for total phenols as measured by
the 4AAP method. BPT treatment reduces the total annual
wasteload from 9719 kkg/yr to 7.6 kkg/yr.
Table V-27 contains a summary of the analytical results for
concentrations of phenolic compounds (4AAP) and individual toxic
phenolic compounds found in the effluent of direct dischargers.
Parameter No. 167 (4AAP phenolic) shows an average 15 ug/L in 76
percent of the samples while individual toxic phenolic compounds
identified as priority pollutants (parameters 21, 24, 31, 34, 57,
58, 59, 64 and 65) show a total of one detection occurrence at a
concentration at or below·measurable limits. This data was the
basis for the 19 ~g/L achievable concentration proposed in 1979.
EPA compiled additional data on the performance of refineries
providing BPT treatment in the "Survey of 1979 Effluent
Monitoring Data." This study examined the results of BPT
treatment at refinery flows predominantly less than 1979 model
flows. The analytical results are, therefore, representative of
low-flow treatment systems (163). This study computed an average
long term achievable concentration of 123 ~g/L for refineries
with BPT treatment systems. This conclusion supports the long
term achievable concentration of 0.100 mg/L initially set forth
to calculate BPT pollutant loads at the BPT model flow rate. In
addition, the Agency collected data on discharge of phenolic
compounds from the Long Term Sampling Program (162) and the EPA
Regional Surveillance and Analysis Teams (Table V-29) which
confirm that the 19 ~g/L value is not representative of average
long term performance and that the 100 ~g/L is appropriate.
Removal of toxic pollutants would remain at the levels achieved
by BPT treatment. Table VI-2 shows a total annual raw wastewater
loading equal to 3502 kkg/yr. BPT treatment can reduce the
discharge of toxic pollutants to a total annual loading of 137
kkg/yr for a net removal efficiency of 96 percent. Ninety-six
percent removal of toxic pollutants is calculated from the
actual, measured performance of BPT treatment.
The concentration of pollutants in the final refinery effluents
and their associated water quality criteria are presented in
Section VI. Limited environmental benefit would be gained by
requiring further control beyond BPT.
In summary, only the following pollutants were found at
concentrations (average) in excess of 10 ppb: chromium
(trivalent), cyanide, zinc, toluene, methylene chloride, and
bis(2-ethyhexyl) phthalate. Of these, methylene chloride and
233
bis(2-ethylhexyl) phathalate are contaminants of the sampling and
analytical methodology. Chromium is already· limited by BPT.
Cyanide occurs in concentrations {flow-weighted average 45 -g/L)
at the limits of effective removal by known technologies.
Toluene is removed to below measurable limits by all but one
refinery and is not characteristic of the industry. Zinc at an
average concentration of 105 -g/L is not likely to cause toxic
effects.
·The cost of implementing Option 9 is effectively zero, since the
Act requires that all refineries achieve BPT treatment by 1977.
Considering the limited pollutant reduction benefits associated
with Options 1 through 8, the inability to quantify
nonconventional pollutant reduction via Options 1 through 8, the
costs involved of going beyond the BPT level of control, and the
96 percent reduction in toxic pollutant loadings achieved by BPT,
the Agency has determined that the BAT level of control should be
equivalent to the BPT level of control for the petroleum refining
industry.
IDENTIFICATION QE ~ AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY ECONOMICALLY
ACHIEVABLE
~ Selection ~ Design Criteria - EPA selected Option 9.
Effluent data from the EPA sampling survey show that present BPT
treatment removes 96 percent of the toxic pollutants, 85 percent
of the conventional pollutants (BOD, TSS, oil and grease}, and 44
percent of the nonconventional pollutants (COD, ammonia, TOC,
sulfides, and phenolics (4AAP)). The levels of toxics from the
final refinery effluents are extremely low (see Section VI for
details).
A separate analysis of the Effluent Guidelines Division sampling
and analytical data showed that there are no environmentally
significant priority pollutants in direct discharges from
petroleum refineries at BPT technology levels after application
of the 50th percentile average and low flow dilutions. (See
Table VIII-1). The basis for this determination of environmental
significance is the comparison of diluted average plant effluent
concentrations with ambient water quality criteria as determined
by EPA Criteria and Standards Division (165). Selection of this
option would result in no additional cost or secondary impacts
beyond that associated with BPT compliance.
The bases for the BPT limitations can be found in the 1974
development document. The information upon which the numerical
limitations are derived is presented in Table 50-52(3). These
tables provide the concentrations, variability factors, and flows
used. An example of how BPT should be applied is presented in
Section I.
234
TABLE VIII-1 1 of 2
1.6 Diluted Effluent Concefttretlons fra. Direct Dischargers In the Petrol- Refining Industry
CurrentJaf>r 1 Diluted Concefttretlon I Diluted Concentretlon

, EPA Allblent Vater Quality Crltarla
For the Protect lon of Frelhwatar
f low-•1.-.tecl ual111 the 'otla percentile ualnt the 5otla percentile ~atlc Life
Avg. Cone. _...flow low t low Acute4 Qronlc ,-
Pollutant ua/1 ua/1 ua/1 ua/1 ua/1
Arsenic 0.01 0 0 440 filA
...
Berylllu• 0.04 0 0 no• ,.1•
ca•l• 0.25 0 0 1.D 0.02'
Chr01lu• Cfrl.l 107.79 o.o1 0.22 4100
Qw-OMI• (Hex.l 1.11· 0 o.oa 21 0.29
Copper 9.85 0 0.02 22 ,.6
Cyanide .,.46 0 O.O!t '2 1.,
le11d
Mercury '·I'
0.88
0
0
0.01
0
170
4.1
1.8
0.2
Nickel 1.)9 0 D.OI 1800 96
N Selanl• 11.19 0 0.01 260 35
w Sliver 0.04 0 0 o.u•
LT1
lhalll• 1.21 0 o.oa •••
1400• 40•
line 104.6 o.ot 0.21 120 41 I
Clllorofona
Ranzene
1.1
2.1
0
0
0.01
0 ,)00.
28900• 1240•
t«:A
ToJQ81le 10.1 0 0.02 17500• t«:A
-------·----------- ---- -~
TABLE VIll-i (Continued) 2 of 2
I .6 Diluted Effluent Concentntlona fro. Direct Dllchllf"gers In the Petrol- Reflnlno lndustr~
COIIpared to the EPA Allblent Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of fr81hwater Aquatic life
CContl-d)
EPA Allblent Water Quality Q-lterla

CurrentiBPr
f IOorWelghted
1
Diluted Concentration
uslnt the 5oth percentile
2
Diluted Concentration
using the 5oth percentile
' for the Protection of freshwater
Aquatic life ,_
Avg. Cone. •--eue flow low flow Acute' Chronic 5
Pollutant ug/1 ug/1 ug/1 ua/1 ug/1
2, 4-Dich lorophenol 0.22 0 0 2020• ]65•

p-ch loro-.-Cresol 0.28 0 0 290• NCA
Dl .. thyl phthalate 0.15 0 0 )]()()()• t«:A
Dlethyl phthalate 1.46 0 0 52100• t«:A
DI-n-butyl phthalate 0.04 0 0 !140• t«:A
Acenaphthene 1.06 0 0 uoo• t«:A
Benzola)pyrene 0.05 0 0 t«:A t«:A
Chyrsene 0.02 0 0 t«:A t«:A
N Phenanthrene 0.18 0 0 I«:A t«:A
w
0"1 Pyrene 0.12 0 0 t«:A t«:A
-">.1_
Footnotes:
IOertved by ..,ltlplylng the average concentration by the flow for each of the IJ reftiMif"l81 111111pledo "'- • .,.of the products dlvldad by the
total flow of the refiiMif"les s...,led results In a flow-weighted •--•ueconcentration.
2oerlved by dividing the flov-walghted averaga concentration by the 5oth percentile ._..• .,. flow dilution factor. The 50th percentile CI512U
corresponds to the ~~&dian average flow dilution factor. Flow elate ware available for U of the 164 refiiMif"les. Diluted concentration values
less than 0.01 ug/1 are reported as zero,
3oerlved by dividing the flov-welghted averaga concentration by the 50th percentile low flow dilution factor. The 50th percentile 1496)
corresponds to the •dian lov flow dilution factor. flow data were available for 32 of the 164 reftiMif"l81. Diluted concentration values less
thon 0.01 ug/1 are reported as zero.
4Acute - The ~e~~lCI..,• concentration of a pollutant allowed at any tl• to protect freshwater organla...
5Chronlc - The 24-hour average concentration of a pollutant to protect freshwater organlan•
•Lowest roportdd tolCic concentration to protect fr81hwater organlan. Reported when no other criteria ere available.
NCA - No criteria ovallabla.

SECTION IX
NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
SUMMARY
New source performance standards (NSPS) are equivalent to the
existing NSPS promulgated on May 9, 1974 (39 FR 16560) which were
upheld by the United States Court of Appeals in American
Petroleum Institute v. ~' 540 F.2d 1023 (10th cir. 1976).
NSPS require a reduction in pollutant load based upon BPT in-
plant and end-of-pipe treatment plus a 25 to 50 percent
wastewater flow reduction (depending upon subcategory). BPT in-
plant technology consists of widely used control practices such
as ammonia and sulfide control, elimination of once-through
barometric condenser water, segregation of sewers, and
elimination of polluted once-through cooling water. BPT end-of-
pipe technology consists of flow equalization, initial oil and
solids separation (API separator or baffle plate separator),
further oil and solids separation (clarifier or dissolved air
flotation), biological treatment, and filtration or other
"polishing" steps. NSPS use the flow model developed for the
1974 regulation to calculate pollutant loadings.
NSPS regulate the discharge of the following conventional,
nonconventional and toxic pollutants from new refineries, which
include BODS, TSS COD, oil and grease, total phenols (4AAP),
ammonia(N),-sulfide, total chromium, hexavalent chromium, and pH.
A "new source" is a new refinery ("greenfield site") or a
modification to an existing plant which is extensive enough to be
"substantially independent" of an existing source. For example,
as stated in the preamble to the proposed criteria for new source
determinations, 45 FR 59343 (September 9, 1980) the addition of a
structurally separate cracking unit at the site of an existing
refinery that processes crude oil by the use of topping and
catalytic reforming would be considered a modification of the
existing source and not a new source, because the cracking unit
would not be a substantially independent process.
New Source performance standards are equal to existing NSPS; this
is Option 4 of the four options considered by EPA in this study.
Instructions for calculating effluent limitations and mass
limitation factors for each subcategory are in Section I.
The basis for new source performance standards (NSPS) under
Section 306 of the Act is the best available demonstrated
technology (BACT). New plants have the opportunity to design the
best and most efficient petroleum refining processes and
wastewater treatment technologies; Congress therefore directed
237
EPA to consider the best demonstrated process changes, in-plant
controls, and end-of-pipe treatment technologies capable of
reducing pollution to the maximum extent feasible.
NSPS OPTIONS CONSIDERED
EPA considered four control and treatment options for the final
new source performance standards. Options 1 and 2 were
considered in formulating the proposed rule and were based upon
the flow model for the proposed 1979 regulations. Option 4, the
existing NSPS level of control, was reconsidered after
publication of the proposed rule as a result of the public
comments and is based upon the 1974 flow model.
Option 1 - Discharge flow reduction to 52 percent below model
flow (flow model for 1979 proposal), achieved through greater
reuse and recycle of wastewaters, in addition to BPT
treatment. This Option is equivalent to BAT Option 2.
Option 2 - Discharge flow reduction to 27 percent below model
flow (flow model for 1979 proposal), achieved through greater
reuse and recycle of wastewaters in addition to BPT
treatment, plus use of granular activated carbon to reduce
residual organic toxic pollutants. This option is equivalent
to BAT Option 5.
Option 3 - Zero discharge of wastewater pollutants.
Option 4 - Discharge flow reduction from 25 percent to SO
percent below BPT model flow, depending upon subcategory,
achieved through greater reuse and recycle of wastewaters in
addition to BPT treatment. This option is the basis for the
existing NSPS regulation, including the 1974 flow model upon
which the existing NSPS is based.
NSPS Option 1 - Effluent flow reduction to 52 percent below model
flow (flow model for 1979 proposal) plus BPT treatment is
equivalent to BAT Option 2. The technology for this option is
the same as that for the existing NSPS regulations - wastewater
recycle and reuse technologies, in addition to BPT end-of-pipe
treatment.
The Agency compared effluent reductions achievable by existing
NSPS and this option. This comparison concluded that effluent
reductions are comparable to the 1974 NSPS. The analysis was
performed on a model greenfield new source refinery (190,000
bbl/day, cracking) which is classified as a "Subcategory B"
refinery as defined by the existing regulation. This model
refinery was configured to correspond with demand growth as
published by the Department of Energy (see the Economic Analysis
document). The costs to implement this option are comparable to
the existing NSPS {see Appendix A). Nonwater quality
environmental impacts and energy requirements are also similar to
existing NSPS.
238
Since the costs, pollutant removals, energy and environmental
effects are comparable there would be no significant benefit in
adopting a regulation equivalent to BAT Option 2 (or BAT Option 7
which incorporates the refined flow model).
NSPS Option 2 - Effluent flow reduction to 27 percent below model
flow (flow model for 1979 proposal) plus BPT technology and
granular activated carbon (GAC) to remove residual organic toxic
pollutants. NSPS Option 2 is equivalent to BAT Option 5, which
is also based on GAC end-of-pipe technology.
A major proportion of the cost of GAC treatment is annual
operating expense which will be similar for a new plant and for
an existing plant. A new refinery will not incur the retrofit
cost of flow reduction associated with BAT Option 5, however, the
new refinery will sustain the capital costs of GAC technology
plus annual operating costs. Estimates of these costs are shown
in Appendix A.
For the reasons stated in the proceeding discussion on BAT Option
5, the Agency believes that GAC treatment is not demonstrated
technology for this industry.
NSPS Option 3 - Zero discharge of pollutants is a demonstrated
technology. However, the technology employed and the associated
costs are very site-specific. This technology is now practiced
by about 55 refineries in the United States where conditions of
climate and geology make zero discharge attractive.
The Agency estimated the pollutant removal benefits which would
accrue over and above existing NSPS for a typical 150,000 bbl/day
refinery of the cracking subcategory. Daily pollutant removals
would be 2.46 lb/day phenol, 3.9 lb/day hexavalent chromium, 6
lb/day total chromium, 308 lb/day TSS and 381 lb/day BOD.
Section VII and the discussion on BAT Option 6 describe
technologies such as vapor compression distillation and deep well
injection which are available, but which have other cost, energy
and environmental affects that must be considered for an industry
wide regulation. Unlike BAT Option 6, a newly constructed
refinery can be designed to incorporate zero discharge during
construction. However, annual operating costs remain high at
sites which do not have favorable conditions.
The Agency reported a costing method for incorporating zero
discharge into the construction of a typical new refinery as
described by the American Petroleum Institute. The capital and
annual costs for a typical petroleum refinery producing 150,000
barrels/day are estimated to be $11.6 million and $4.6 million
(1979 dollars), respectively. The industry indicated ~n their
comments that the energy consumed would cost $2,000,000 per year;
they also stated that 7,300 tons per year of solid waste would be
239
generated. EPA believes that the energy and solid waste
estimates from the industry are reasonable approximations.
While the Agency proposed zero discharge for NSPS in 1979, after
careful re-examination of the combined effects associated with
NSPS Option 3, EPA has rejected this proposal because:
1. it generates significant adverse non-water quality
related impacts, including the production of large
amounts of solid waste and high energy consumption;
2. the cost of achieving zero discharge is estimated to be
extremely high, especially in geographical areas of low
evapotranspiration which requires energy intensive
forced evaporation techniques;
3. only marginal additional water pollution reduction
benefits would be achieved beyond the existing NSPS.
4. the high costs of implementation could raise serious
barriers to any decision invovling construction of a new
source refinery.
NSPS Option 4 - Effluent flow reduction to 25 to SO percent below
model flow ((low model for 1974 regulation) plus BPT technology
is equivalent to the existing NSPS. Flow reduction of from 2S to
SO percent of average BPT flow, depending upon subcategory, would
be achieved by recycle and reuse technology.
Implementation of Option 4 would not cause the petroleum refining
industry to incur any additional expense beyond the cost of
meeting the current regulations for new direct discharge.
After careful consideration of the options proposed in 1979,
together with the public comments received, the Agency finds no
reason for revising current NSPS.
IDENTIFICATION QE NEW SOURCE PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
EPA is retaining the existing NSPS which are based on recycle and
reuse technology resulting in pollutant reductions that range
from 2S to 50 percent beyond BPT removals, depending upon the
subcategory. Regulated pollutants for NSPS are BOD~, total
suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, oil and grease, .total
phenols (4AAP), ammonia (N), sulfide, total chromium, hexavalent
chromium, and pH.
New greenfield refineries are not expected to be built between
now and 1990. Existing refineries~ however, may be modified to
accommodate the heavier and higher sulfur crudes which are
becoming increasingly prevalent in the current oil market. The
change could cause certain refineries, or parts of refineries, to
be considered new sources. However, it is unlikely that the
240
modification would be extensive enough so that the existing
refinery would be reclassified as a new source.
241
SECTION X
PRETREATMENT STANDARDS FOR EXISTING AND NEW SOURCES
Summary
PSES - Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources
Interm final PSES were promulgated by the Agency on March 23,
1977 (42 FR 15684) and are currently in effect. Regulated
pollutants are oil and grease (100 mg/L) and ammonia (N) (100
mg/L) each on a daily maximum basis. EPA is retaining the
existing PSES regulation, with one modification. An alternative
mass limitation for ammonia (N} is provided for those indirect
dischargers whose discharge to the POTW consists solely of sour
waters. PSES is equivalent to Option 3 of the three technology
options considered by the Agency for pretreatment standards.
~ - Pretreatment Standards for New Sources
PSNS were promulgated by the Agency on May 9, 1974 (39 FR 16560)
and are currently in effect. Pretreatment standards for
incompatible pollutants are equivalent to NSPS. Final PSNS are
equivalent to pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES),
except that they also regulate total chromium at the equivalent
of 1 mg/L for the cooling tower discharge part of the refinery
flow to the POTW. An alternative mass limitation for ammonia (N)
is also provided, as described above for PSES. PSNS is
equivalent to Option 1 of the two technology options considered
by the Agency for pretreatment standards for new sources.
A new indirect discharging refinery of the size and configuration
likely to be built in the 1980's would incur additional capital
costs of $0.37 million and an annual cost of $0.26 million (1979
dollars) beyond the cost of complying with existing PSNS.
Section 307(b) of the Act requires EPA to promulgate pretreatment
standards for both existing sources (PSES) and new sources (PSNS)
that discharge pollutants into publicly owned treatment works
(POTW). PSES are designed to prevent the discharge of pollutants
that pass through, interfere with, or are otherwise incompatible
with the operation of the publicly owned treatment works (POTW).
They must be achieved within three years of promulgation. The
legislative history of the 1977 Act indicates that pretreatment
standards are to be technology-based, analogous to the best
available technology for removal of toxic pollutants. The
general pretreatment regulations, which served as the framework
for the categorical pretreatment regulations are found in 40 CFR
Part 403 (43 FR 27736, June 26, 1978; 44 FR 9462, January 28,
1981) (also see Section I).
243
The Clean Water Act of 1977 requires pretreatment for toxic
pollutants that pass through the POTW in amounts that would
violate direct discharger effluent limitations or interfere with
the POTW's treatment process or chosen sludge disposal method.
EPA has generally determined that there is pass through of
pollutants if the percent of pollutants removed by a well-
operated POTW achieving secondary treatment is less than the
percent removed by the BAT model treatment system.
Like PSES, PSNS are to prevent the discharge of pollutants which
pass through, interfere with, or are otherwise incompatible with
the operation of the POTW. PSNS are to be issued at the same
time as NSPS. New indirect dischargers, like new direct
dischargers, have the opportunity to incorporate the best
available demonstrated technologies. The Agency considers the
same factors in promulgating PSNS as it considers in promulgating
PSES.
Pollutants ~ Regulated
The toxic pollutants listed in Table VI-9 were detected in
petroleum refinery waste streams that are discharged to POTW.
The Agency has decided not to establish PSES for these toxic
pollutants in this industry for the following reasons:
The pollutants listed in Part I and Part II of Table VI-9 are
excluded from national regulation in accordance with Paragraph 8
of the Settlement Agreement because they were either found to be
susceptible to treatment by the POTW and do not interfere with,
pass through, or are not otherwise incompatible with the POTW, or
the toxicity and amount of incompatible pollutants were
insignificant.
The pollutants listed in Part III of Table VI-9 are excluded from
regulation for a combination of reasons. First, there is
significant removal of some of these pollutants by the existing
pretreatment standards for oil and grease. Second, there is
significant removal of all these pollutants by the POTW treatment
system. Third, the amount and toxicity of these pollutants does
not justify developing national pretreatment standards.
The Agency did not propose requiring installation of BPT-type
treatment on an industrywide basis for indirect dischargers.
PRETREATMENT OPTIONS CONSIDERED
EPA considered three control and treatment options for
pretreatment standards for existing sources and two options for
pretreatment standards for new sources. Options 1 and 2 were
considered in formulating the proposed rule. As a result of
public comments received, an alternative mass limitation for
ammonia was added to Option 1 after proposal of the regulation.
Option 3, the existing PSES level of control, was reconsidered
244
after publication of the proposed rule. Option 3 also contains
an alternative mass limitation for ammonia (N).
Option 1 - Chromium reduction by pH adjustment, precipitation
and clarification technologies applied to segregated cooling
tower blowdown, plus control of oil and grease and ammonia at
the existing PSES level of control.
Option 2 Establishment of two sets of pretreatment
standards. The first would be Option 1 control for
refineries discharging to POTW with existing or planned
secondary treatment. The second would be Option 1 control
plus treatment for total phenols by biological treatment for
those refineries discharging to a POTW that· has been granted
a waiver from secondary treatment requirements under Section
301(h} of the Act. EPA's proposed pretreatment standards for
existing sources were based on this option. Further
discussion is provided in the 1979 proposed petroleum
refining regulation at 44 FR 75935.
Option 3 - Reduction of oil and greases and ammonia by
oil/water separation and steam stripping technologies.
Evaluation 2f Pretreatment Options Considered
Option 1 - Reduce chromium in cooling tower blowdown to 1 mg/L by
pH adjustment, precipitation, and clarification, and maintain
control of oil and grease and ammonia {N) at existing {PSES)
level of control (100 mg/L). Include alternative mass
limitations for ammonia (N} for those refineries that discharge
only sour waters to the POTW.
For the 1979 proposal, the Agency estimated the cost of
retrofitting the affected indirect discharge refineries at an
initial investment of $11.7 million and an annual cost of 16.8
million (1979 dollars). These estimates assume that cooling
tower waste streams are readily identifiable and separable for
all refineries (see Appendix A).
This option presumes the industrywide ability to segregate,
collect, and separately treat cooling tower blowdown, the major
source of chromium for this industry. The wastewater
recycle/reuse study (see Section VII), completed after
publication of the proposed regulation, concluded that, for
existing sources, it is not technologically feasible, in many
instances, to segregate cooling tower blowdown for chromium
treatment. Cooling tower blowdown is typically effected at
numerous locations throughout a refinery. Extensive collection
systems would be necessary at many refineries to collect all
blowdown streams for separate treatment. In addition, not all
cooling tower blowdown streams are collectable. For instance,
cooling water when used as makeup for refinery processing
245
commingles with process water and cannot be traced or segregated,
especially in older refineries.
An alternative, treatment of the combined refinery waste stream
for chromium removal, would require installation of most, if not
all, of the BPT treatment train. Installation of BPT treatment
for all existing indirect dischargers would cost an estimated
$110 million in capital costs, and an annual cost of $42 million
(1979 dollars}. This estimate represents the maximum cost
estimated by assuming installation of .BPT treatment for all
indirect dischargers {See Option 2}.
New refineries have the opportunity to design separation of
cooling tower waste streams into the system and do not incur
retrofit costs or the cost of treating combined waste streams.
Separate treatment of cooling tower blowdown may be readily
applied by new source indirect dischargers. The Agency estimated
the incremental cost of incorporating Option 1 technology in a
new source at an annual investment of $0.37.million and an annual
cost of $0.26 million (1979 dollars} (see Appendix A}.
Option 2 Establish two sets of criteria; one for refineries
that discharge to POTW with existing or planned secondary
treatment, and one for refineries that discharge to POTW which
have received a Section 301(h} waiver.
Under Section 30l(b}(l}(B} of the Act, most POTW should have
installed secondary treatment by July 1, 1977. However, two
groups of POTW have not yet met this requirement. One group
remains subject to that obligation and contains POTW that are
scheduled to install secondary treatment within the next few
years. A second group of POTW is exempt from the requirement to
install secondary treatment under Section 301(h} of the Act.
A determination of which pollutants may pass through or be
incompatible with POTW operations, and thus be subject to
pretreatment standards, depends on the level of treatment used by
the POTW. Applicants for Section 301(h) waivers have treatment
systems which vary from primary to primary plus partial
secondary. In general, more pollutants pass through or interfere
with a POTW using primary treatment (usually physical separation
by settling}, as compared with one that has installed secondary
treatment (settling plus biological stabilization} (see Section
\r}.
Under Option 2, existing refineries that disharge to POTW which

have or will provide secondary treatment would provide treatment
equivalent to Option 1 (100 mg/L limit on oil and grease and
ammonia (N} plus 1 mg/L on chromium applied to segregated cooling
tower blowdown}. Refineries that discharge to POTW which have a
section 301(h} waiver would be required to provide treatment for
oil and grease, ammonia (N), and chromium plus treatment for
246
total phenols. Treatment for total phenols (4AAP) would require
the addition of BPT end-of-pipe treatment.
Total cost of implementing Option 2 for existing indirect
dischargers could not be calculated for the 1979 proposal, since
no POTW had yet been granted a Section 301(h) waiver. The Agency
did estimate the cost of installing biological treatment for each
indirect discharge refinery. The Agency also estimated the cost
of installing Option 1 treatment technology for each indirect
discharging refinery. There was no determination of which of the
refineries would ultimately discharge to POTW with secondary
treatment versus those that would discharge to POTW with Section
301(h) waivers. However, if all indirect discharging refineries
were required to install biological (BPT end-of-pipe) treatment
systems, the maximum cost to the industry would be an initial
capital investment of $110 million and an annual cost of $42
million (1979 dollars) (Appendix A).
Option 2 was proposed in the December 1979 regulation. The
rationale was that a POTW with a primary treatment system will
not adequately remove the toxics from the refinery. A POTW with
primary treatment that receives waste from refineries was
sampled. The results indicated that removal effectiveness is
significantly less than that of a secondary system (see Appendix
B- Raw Plant Data).
There are currently three POTW which recieve refinery wastes that
can apply for Section 301(h) variances. In order to obtain a
301(h) variance, the POTW must be able to demonstrate that:
o The discharge will not interfere with the attainment or
maintenance of water quality which assures the
protection ·of public water supplies and the protection
and propagation of a balanced, indigeneous population of
shellfish, fish and wildlife and allows recreational
activities, in and on the water, (Section 301(h)(2);
o The POTW has a monitoring system to measure, to the extent
practicable, the impact of the discharge on a
representative sample of aquatic biota, (Section
301(h)(3);
o The discharge will not impose additional requirements on
any other point or nonpoint source, {Section 301(h)(4);
0 All applicable pretreatment standards are enforced,
(Section 301(h)(S);
o The POTW, to the extent possible, has established a
schedule of activities designed to eliminate the
entrance of toxic pollutants from non-industrial sources
into the treatment works, (Section 301(h)(6));
247
o There will be no substantial increase in the volume of
discharged pollutants to which the modification applies
from the treatment works.
The degree of treatment required for a POTW obtaining a Section
301(h) waiver is determined after evaluating, among other things,
the physical characteristics of the discharge and the nature of
the receiving waters. Treatment levels vary for every POTW
because of the importance of these site-specific factors; thus,
the levels of toxic pollutants which pass through will also vary
significantly in each case.
EPA now believes that it is not feasible and that it would be
inappropriate to establish national pretreatment standards that
take into account whether a discharger uses a POTW which has
received a 301(h) waiver. Rather, the need for more rigorous
pretreatment controls should be resolved on a case-by-case basis
during the Section 301(h) waiver process, depending on the degree
of the toxic pollutant problems in each instance.
Option 3 Reduce oil and grease and ammonia by oil/water
separation and steam stripping technologies. This option is
equivalent to existing PSES except that an alternate mass
limitation for ammonia is provided for ammonia (N) for those
refineries that discharge only sour waters to the POTW.
Regulated pollutants are oil and grease and ammonia (N) (100
mg/L),. each on a daily maximum basis.
Option 3 does not limit the concentration of chromium in the
effluent of indirect dischargers. At the time of proposal, the
Agency believed such concentrations of chromium would limit a
POTW's use or management alternatives of the sludge. Based upon
review of existing information and analysis of public comments on
the proposal, EPA has determined that this rationale is not valid
on a nation wide basis. For this industry, chromium levels in
sludge from POTW receiving petroleum refinery wastes generally do
not impact sludge disposition or alternat1ves for use. There are
no Section 405 sludge standards directed at concentrations of
chromium in the sludge. Therefore, EPA has determined that the
better approach is to permit the POTW to establish chromium
pretreatment standards for existing sources if refinery waste
would limit their sludge disposal alternatives. The general
pretreatment regulations specifically provide the POTW with this
authority. {See 40 CFR 403.5).
This option is the basis for the existing interim final PSES
regulation. An alternative mass limitation for ammonia (N) is
provided to those indirect dischargers whose discharge to the
POTW consists solely of "sour waters. Sour waters generally
result from water brought into direct contact with a hydrocarbon
stream, and contains sulfides, ammonia and phenols. The Agency
developed an alternative mass limitation for ammonia in response
to public comments received on the proposed regulation. Several
248
commenters indicated that, when the refinery discharge to the
POTW consists solely of sour waters, achievement of the 100 mg/L
ammonia concentration limitation is often not possible. This is
because steam stripping technology, the basis for the
limitations, cannot consistently reduce ammonia in sour water
streams to the 100 mg/L level. Thus, an equivalent mass
limitation for ammonia was developed by the Agency.
IDENTIFICATION OF PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
PSES - EPA has selected Option 3, retention of the existing level
of control, for final regulation of existing indirect discharge
refineries. Option 1 was rejected because the Agency found it
infeasible in many instances to segregate cooling tower blowdown
for chromium treatment on an industrywide basis for existing
refineries. Option 2 was rejected on the basis that it would be
inappropriate to establish separate national pretreatment
standards for those refineries that discharge to POTW which have
a Section 30l(h) waiver because the conditions surrounding those
installations are very site specific and can be better evaluated
by the individual POTW. The general pretreatment regulations
specifically provide POTW with authority to institute standards
for pretreatment of industrial discharges which limit sludge
disposal options.
PSNS - The Agency has selected Option 1 for the regulation of new
sources. Segregation and separate treatment of cooling tower
blowdown can be implemented with little additional expense in the
design and construction of new refineries. Option 2 was rejected
for the same reasons discussed under PSES.
249
SECTION XI
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Many individuals representing numerous organizations,

corporations, and agencies have contributed material, time and
energy to the technical studies conducted in developing these
effluent limitations guidelines and standards, and to the
production of this document.
This document was prepared under the direction of Mr. Dennis
Ruddy and Mr. John Lum, Project Officers in the Energy and Mining
Branch of EPA's Effluent Guidelines Division. Mr. William A.
Telliard, Chief of the Energy and Mining Branch, also provided
direction and assistance during the course of the program.
The Agency wishes to acknowledge the contributions to this
project of Burns and Roe Industrial Services Corporation of
Paramus, New Jersey under the direction of Mr. Arnold s. Vernick,
Manager of Environmental Engineering, and Mr. Elwood c. Walker,
Program Director.
The cooperation and assistance of the American Petroleum
Institute and of the numerous company and refinery personnel who
were involved in data gathering efforts, site studies, and
wastewater sampling programs are greatly appreciated. The
Agency's Robert s. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, all
EPA regional offices, and the County Sanitation Districts of Los
Angeles are specifically acknowledged for their efforts.
Appreciation is expressed to those at EPA Headquarters who
contributed to the completion of this project, including Mr.
Jeffery Denit of the Effluent Guidelines Division; Ms. Eleanor
Zimmerman of the Monitoring and Data Support Division; Mr. Louis
DuPuis, Mr. John Kukulka, and Mr. Henry Kahn of the Office of
Analysis and Evaluation; and Ms. Susan Lepow and Mr. Mark Gordon
of the Office of General Counsel.
251
SECTION XII
REFERENCES
1. American Petroleum Institute, "Petroleum Industry Raw

Waste Load Survey," December 1972.
2. American Petroleum Institute, Disposal 2f Refinery
Wastes Manual, Volume of Liquid Wastes, Washington,
DC, l969.
3. Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines
and !!! Source PerfOrmance Standards for Petroleum
Refining, EPA-440/l-74-014a, April l974,:Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
4. Bush, K. E., "Refinery Wastewater Treatment and Reuse,"
Chemical Engineering, April 12, 1976.
5. Wigren, A. A. and Burton, F. L., "Refinery Wastewater
Control," Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,
Vol. 44, No. 1, January 1972.
6. Armstrong, T. A., "There's a Profit in Processing Foul
Water," The .........
Oil ~ Gas Journal, pp. 96-98, June 17,
1968. ---
7. Easthagen, J.H. et al., "Development of Refinery Waste
Water Control at Pascagoula, Mississippi," Journal Water
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 37, No. 12, December
1965.
8. Beychock, M. R., Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and
Petrochemical Plants, John Wiley & Soni; New York, 1967.
9. Klett, R. J., "Treat Sour Water for Profit," Hydrocarbon
Processing, pp. 98-99, October, 1972.
10. Brunet, M. J. and Parsons, R. H., "Mobil Solves Fouling
Problem Sour Water Stripper," !h! Q1! and~ Journal,
pp. 62-64, November 20, 1972.
11. "Phenols in Refinery Waste Water Can· Be Oxidized With
Hydrogen Peroxide," The Oil~ Gas Journal, pp. 84-86,
January 20, 1975.
12. Short, T. E., Jr., et al., "Controlling Phenols in
Refinery Waste Waters," The Oil ~ Gas Journal, pp.
119-124, November 25, 1974.
13. Congram, G. E., "Refiners Zero In on Better Desalting,"
The Oil and Gas Journal, pp. 153-154, December 30, 1974.
253
14. Beychock, M. R., "Wastewater Treatment," Hydrocarbon
Processing, pp. 109-112, December 1974.
15. Ewing, R. C., "Modern Waste-Treatment Plant on Stream in
Texaco Refinery," The Oil and Gas Journal, pp. 66-69,
September 28, 1970.
16. "New Ion-Exchange System Treats Sour Water," Ih! Oil and
~Journal, pp. 88-89, February 11, 1971.
17. Pollio, F. X. and Kunin, R., "Ion Exchange Resins Treat
Sour Water," Ih! Q1l and §!! Journal, pp. 126-130,
May 19, 1969.
18. Melin, G. A. et al., "Optimum Design of Sour Water
Strippers," Chemical Engineering Progress, Vol. 71,
No.6, June, 1975.
19. Cantrell, A., "Annual Refining Survey," The Oil and ~
Journal, pp. 125-152, March 29, 1976.
20. Gantz, R. G., "API Sour Water Stripper Studies,"
Proceedings American Petroleum Institute, Section III
Refining, Vol. 54, pp. 39-66, 1975.
21. Short, T.E. et al., "Petroleum Refining Phenolic
Wastewaters," American Chemical Society, Div. of Fuel
Chemistry, paper presented at !68th National Meeting,
September 8-13, 1974.
22. Norwood, B. E., "Application of Biological Trickling
Filter for Treatment of Effluent Water at Shell Oil
Company's Houston Refinery," paper presented at the
Petroleum and Petrochemicals Session of the National
Pollution Control Exposition and Conference, April 4-5,
1968.
23. Congram, G. E., "Biodisk Improves Effluent-Water-
Treating Operation," The Q1l and Gas Journal, February
23, 1976.
24. 1972 Sour Water Stripping Survey Evaluation, Publication
No. 927, prepared for American Petroleum Institute,
Washington, DC, June 1972.
25. Annessen, R. J. and Gould, G. D., "Sour Water Processing
Turns Problem Into Payout," Chemical Engineering, pp.
67-69, March 22, 1971.
26. Analysis 2f the 1972 API-EPA Raw Waste Load Survey Data,
Brown & Root, Inc., API publication No. 4200, July T97i.
254
27. Diehl, D. s. et al., "Effluent Quality Control at a
Large Oil Refinery," Journal Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 43, No. 11, p. 2254, November 1971.
28. Sour Water Stripping Project, Committee on Refinery
Environmental Control, American Petroleum Institute,
prepared by Environmental Services Department, Bechtel
Corporation, API publication No. 946, June 1975.
29. Engineering Science, Inc., Petroleum Refining Industry,
Technology and Costs of Wastewater Control, prepared by
the National Commission on Water Quality, June 1975.
30. "Granular Media Filtration of Petroleum Refinery
Effluent Waters," prepared by Envirotech Corporation,
EIMCO BSP Division, for the American Petroleum
Institute, API publication No. 947, October 1975.
31. Economics ~Refinery Waste Water Treatment, prepared by

Brown & Root, Inc., prepared for the American Petroleum
Institute, API publication No. 4199, August 1973.
32. Economic Impact of EPA's Regulations 2n ~ Petroleum
Refining Industry, prepared by Sobotka & Company, Inc,
for the u.s. Environmental Protection Agency, April
1976.
33. Mitchell, G. E., "Environmental Protection Benecia
Refinery," prepared for the API 35th Midyear Meeting,
Division of Refining, Houston, May 1970.
34. Ewing, R. C., "Shell Refinery Uses Pollution-Abatement
Units," The Oil and Gas Journal, March 8, 1971.
35. Aalund, L. A., "Cherry Point Refinery- A Story of Air,
Water, and Fuel," The Oil~ Gas Journal, January 24,
1972.
36. Maguire, W. F., "Reuse Sour Water Stripper Bottoms,"
Hydrocarbon Processing, pp. 151-152, September, 1975.
37. State and Local Pretreatment Programs Federal
Guidelines, January 1977, u.s. Envi-ronmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D.C.
38. Refinery Effluent Water Treatment Plant Using Activated
Carbon, June 1975, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
EPA-660/2-75-020.
39. Assessment of Hazardous Waste Practices in the Petroleum
Refining IndUstry, prepared by Jacobs Engineering Co,
255
for the Environmental Protection Agency, June 1976,
Contract No. 68-01-2288.
40. Report to Congress - Disposal of Hazardous Wastes, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Publication No. SW-115,
1974.
41. Elkin, H. F., "Biological Oxidation and Reuse of
Refinery Wastewater for Pollution Control and Water
Conservation," Division of Refining, Vol. 36, No. I I I,
p. 340, 1956.
42. Elkin, H. F. et al., "Biological Oxidation of Oil
Refinery Wastes in Cooling Tower Systems," Sewage~
Industrial Wastes, Vol. 28, No. 12, p. 1475, December
1956.
43. Mohler, E. F., et al., "Experience with Reuse and Bio-
oxidation of Refinery Wastewaters in Cooling Towers,"
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 36, No.
11, p. 1380, November 1964.
44. Wiley, M. A., "Chromium Analysis", API Proceedings,
Holiday Inn, Arlington, VA, May 25 and June 11, 1973.
45. "Coastal Water Research Project," Southern California
Coastal Water Research Project (SCCWRP), 1500 E.
Imperial Highway, El Segundo, CA 90245, Annual Report,
June 1975.
46. "Environmental Effect of Disposal of Municipal
Wastewater in Open Coastal Waters," Southern California
Coastal Water Research Project (SCCWRP), 1500 E.
Imperial Highway, El Segundo, CA 90245, August 1975.
47. Donaldson, W. T., "Trace Organics in Water,"
Environmental Science and Technology, Vo 1. 11 No. 4,
April, 1977.
48. Interim Final Supplement for Pretreatment to the
Development Document for---the Petroleum RefinrnQ
Industry, Existing Pornt SOUrce Category, u.s.
Environmental Protection Agency EPA 400/1-76/083a, March
1977.
49. Davis, J. C., "Activated Carbon: Prime Choice to Boost
Secondary Treatment," Chemical Engineering, April 11,
1977, pp. 81-83.
SO. Grutsch, J. F. and Mallatt, R. C., "A New Perspective on
the Role of the Activated Sludge Process and Ancillary
Facilities," presented at the Open Forum on Management
of Petroleum Refinery Wastewaters, January 26-29, 1976.
256
51. Gould, J. P. and Weber, w. J., "Oxidation of Phenols by
Ozone," Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol.
48, No. 1, January 1976.
52. Zagorski, J. S. and Faust, S.D., "Removing Phenols via
Activated Carbon," Chemical Engineering Progress, pp.
65-66, May 1977.
53. Gesick, J. A., "A Comparative Study of Non-Chromate
Cooling Water Corrosion Inhibitors," presented at the
35th Annual International Water Conference of the
Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania, October 31,
1974.
54. Zecher, D. C., "Corrosion Inhibition by Surface- Active
Chelants," presented at the International Corrosion
Forum, Toronto, Canada, April 14-18, 1975.
55. Robitaille, D. R. and Bilek, J. G., "Molybdate Cooling-
Water Treatments," Chemical Engineering, December 20,
1976.
56. Bush, K. E., "Refinery Wastewater Treatment and Reuse,"
Chemical Engineering, April 12, 1976.
57. Mohler, E. F., Jr., and Clere, L. T., "Development of
Extensive Water Reuse and Bio-Oxidation in a Large Oil
Refinery," Complete Water Reuse, American Institute of
Chemical Engineers, Library of Congress Catalog No. 73-
87964, based on papers presented at the National
Conference on Complete Water Reuse, April 23-27, 1973.
58. Mohler, E. F., Jr., and Clere, L. T., "Sun Oil Develops
Water Reuse Program," The Oil and Gas Journal, September
10, 1973.
59. Crame, L. W., "Activated Sludge Enhancement: A Viable
Alternative to Tertiary Carbon Adsorption," presented at
the Open Forum on Management of Petroleum Refining
Wastewater, June 6-9, 1977.
60. Grieves, C. G. et al., "Powdered Activated Carbon
Enhancement of Activated Sludge for BATEA Refinery
Wastewater Treatment," presented at ·the Open Forum on
Management of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater, June 6-9,
1977.
61. Heath, H. W., Jr., "Combined Powdered Activated Carbon-
Biological ("PACT") Treatment of 40 MGD Industrial
Waste," presented at Symposium on Industrial Waste
Pollution Control at A.C.S. National Meeting, March 24,
1977.
257
62. Dehnert, J. F., "Case History The Use of Powdered
Activated Carbon With a Biodisc-Filtration Process for
Treatment of Refinery Wastes," presented at the Open
Forum on Management of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater,
June 6-9, 1977.
63. Zanitsch, R. H., and Lynch, R. T., "Granular Carbon
Reactivation: State-of-the-Art," presented at the Open
Forum on Management of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater,
June 6-9, 1977.
64. Process Design Manual for Carbon Adsorption,
Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer,
October 1973.
65. Ford, D.L. and Tischler, L. F., "Meeting BPT Standards
for Refinery Wastewater Treatment," Industrial Wastes,
July/August 1977.
66. Proceedings 2t the !il! National Conference on Control
of Hazardous Materials Spills, University Of Houston,
March 21-23, 1972.
67. Spill Prevention Techniques for Hazardous Pollution
Substances, prepared by Arthur:o7 Little, Inc., for the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, February 1971,
Contract No. 14-12-927.
68. Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use,
"Chapter 3 -Petroleum Refining Industry," prepared by
Radian Corporation, for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, EPA-600/2-77-023c, January 1977.
69. Rizzo, J. L. and Shepa.rd, A. R., "Treating Industrial
Wastewater with Activated Carbon," Chemical Engineering,
January 3, 1977.
70. DeWall, F.B. et al., "Organic Matter Removal by Powdered
Activated Carbon Added to Activated Sludge," Journal
Water Pollution Control Federation, April 1977.
71. Thibault, G. T. et al., "PACT Performance Evaluated,"
Hydrocarbon Processing, May 1977.
72. Lanouette, K. H. and Paulson, E. G., "Treatment of Heavy
Metals in Wastewater," Pollution Engineering, October
1976.
73. Petroleum Refineries in the United States and Puerto
Rico, Mineral Industry-Bureau of Mines, January 1, 1977.
Surveys, Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the
Interior,
258
74. Petroleum Refineries in the United States and Puerto
Rico, Washington, D7C.;--National Petroleum--Refiners
ASSOciation, July 22, 1977.
75. Sampling ~ Analysis Procedures for Screening of
Industrial Effluents f2£ Priority Pollutants, u.~
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, April
1977.
76. Preliminary Industry Profile ~' prepared by Burns and
Roe Industrial Services Corporation, for the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines
Division, December 30, 1976.
77. "Worldwide Directory, Refining and Gas Processing,
1976-1977," Ih! Q!! ~ §!! ~Jo~u~r~n~a~l, 34th Edition, 1976.
78. S-1, Analysis 2t Self Reporting~ fr2m Refineries !2
Determine Compliance ~ July lL 1211 Effluent
Limitations, prepared by Burns and Roe Industrial
Services Corporation, for the u.s. Environmental
Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines Division,
February 22, 1977.
79. S-2, Selection of Refineries ~ RSKERL Sampling
Program, preparea-by Burns and Roe Industrial Services
Corporation, for the u.s. Environmental Protection
Agency, Effluent Guidelines Division, February 22, 1977.
80. Analytical Variability of fi!! Wastewater Parameters,
Petroleum Refining Industry, prepared by Robert s. Kerr
Environmental Research Laboratory, for the u.s.
Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-600/2-76-234,
September 1976.
81. Economic Analysis of Interim Final Pretreatment
Standards ~ the Pitroleum Refining Industry, u.s.
Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 440/1-77-002, April
1977.
82. Askins, W., and Wilcox, D. R., "Tertiary Treatment of an
Organic Chemicals Plant Effluent," prepared for the
Ninth Mid-Atlantic Industrial Waste Conference, August
8-9, 1977.
83. Talbot, R.S., "A New Redox Method for Complete Removal
of Chromium from Wastewater," prepared for the Ninth
Mid-Atlantic Industrial Waste Conference, August 8-9,
1977.
84. "Injections Pep Up Cat Crackers," Chemical Week,
............. April
13, 1977.
259
85. Schwartz, R. D., and McCoy, C.J., "The Use of Fluid
Catalytic Cracking Catalyst in Activated Sludge
Wastewater Treatment," Journal Water Pollution Control
Federation, Vol. 48, No. 2, February 1976.
86. Ford, D. L., "Putting Activated Carbon in Perspective to
1983 Guidelines," Industrial Water Engineering, May/June
1977.
87. Economic Analysis of Proposed Revised Effluent Standards
~Limitations for the Petroleum~ Refining Industry,
u.s. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-440/2-79-027,
November 1979.
88. ~ Refinery Wastes to Pure Water, Hydrotechnic
Corporation, New York, NY, undated.
89. Siegal, B. A. and Harrel, R. C., "Community Metabolism
in a Refinery Holding Pond," Journal Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol. 48, No. 10, October 1976.
90. Baird, R. et al., "Behavior of Benzidine and Other
Aromatic Amines in Aerobic Wastewater Treatment,"
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, July 1977.
91. Reed, J. L., "Outlook for Refinery Capacity,"
Hydrocarbon Processing, June 1977.
92. Maclean, W. D., "Construction Site Selection A U.S.
Viewpoint," Hydrocarbon Processing, June 1977.
93. Jenkins, D. M. and Sheppard, w. J., "What Refinery
Pollution Abatement Costs," Hydrocarbon Processing, May
1977.
94. Hatch, L. F. and Matar, S., "From Hydrocarbons to
Petrochemicals," Hydrocarbon Processing, June 1977.
95. Becker, K.P. and Wall, C.F., "Fluid Bed Incineration of
Wastes," Chemical Engineering Progress, October 1976.
96. "Putting Powdered Carbon in Wastewater Treatment,"
Environmental Science ~ Technology, Vol. 11, No. 9,
September 1977.
97. Puckorius, P., "New Cooling-Water-Systems Treatment,"
~ Qil and Gas Journal, July 5, 1971.
98. Nicholas, G.W., and Sopocy, D.M., "Evaluation of Cooling
Tower Environmental Effects," Combustion, November 1974.
99. Kempling, J.C. and Eng, J., "Performance of Dual-Media
Filters-2," Chemical Engineering Progress, April 1977.
260
100. Porter, J.W. et al., "Zero Discharge of Wastewater From
Petroleum Refineries," prepared for the National
Conference on Complete Water Reuse, April 23-27, 1973.
101. Lindsay, J.T. and Pratter, B.V., "Solving Petroleum
Refinery Wastewater Problems," Journal Water Pollution
Control Federation, August 1977.
102. Neff, B., "The Development of Petroleum Refinery Liquid
Effluent Controls," prepared for members of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency by Water Pollution
Control Directorate, Environment Canada, March 3, 1977.
103. Status Report ~Abatement 2f Water Pollution From ~
Canadian Petroleum Refinery Industry-!21i, Water
Pollution Control Directorate, Environment Canada,
Report No. EPS-3-WP-76, December 1976.
104. Economic Analysis 2f Proposed Effluent Guidelines,
Petroleum Refinery Industry, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, EPA -230/1-73-020, September 1973.
105. Huber, L.J., "State and Development in Refinery Effluent
Purification," prepared for the Ninth World Petroleum
Congress, 1975.
106. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Second
Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1970.
107. Beychok, Milton R., "State-of-the-Art in Sour Water
Stripping," prepared for the Open Forum on Management of
Petroleum Refinery Wastewater, June 6- 9, 1977.
108. Screening Survey for Priority Pollutants, Petroleum
Refining Industry, Draft Report, prepared by the Robert
S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, for the u.s.
Environmental Protection Agency, September 1977.
109. Watkins, J.P., "Controlling Sulfur Compounds in
Wastewaters," Chemical Engineering, October 17, 1977.
110. Paulson, E.G., "How to Get Rid of Toxic Organics,"
Chemical Engineering, October 17, 1977.
111. Ford, D.L., and Elton, R.L., "Removal of Oil and Grease
from Industrial Wastewaters," Chemical Engineering,
October 17, 1977.
1 1 2. Lanouette, K.H., "Heavy Metals Removal," Chemical
Engineering, October 17, 1977.
11 3. Lanouette, K.H., "Treatment of Phenolic Wastes,"
Chemical Engineering, October 17, 1977.
261
114. Development Document~ Effluent Limitations Guidelines
and~ Source Performance Standards for the. Copper,
Nickel, Chromium, ~ Zinc Segment of the Electroplating
Point Source Category, u.s. Environmental Protection
Agency, EPA-440/1-74-003-a, March 1974.
115. Grulich, G. et al., "Treatment of Organic Chemicals
Plant Wastewater With DuPont PACT Process," prepared for
the AICHE Meeting, February 1972.
116. Hutton, D.G., and Robertaccio, F.L., u.s. Patent
3,904,518, September 9, 1975.
117. Bloch, Heinz P., "Improve Safety and Reliability of
Pumps and Drivers," Hydrocarbon Processing, pp. 97-100,
January 1977.
118. Natural Resources Defense Council et al., ~ Train, 8
E.R.c. 2120 (D. D.c. 1976).
119. Thibodeaux, L.J., and Millican, J.D., "Quantity and
Relative Desorption Rates of Air-Strippable Organics in
Industrial Wastewater," Environmental Science and
Technology, Vol. 11, No. 9, September 1977. ---
120. Knowlton, H.E., "Biodisks Work in Waste-Water Treating,"
Ih! Q1l ~~Journal, October 3, 1977.
121. Kunz, R.G. et al., "Cooling Water Calculations,"

Chemical Engineering, August 1, 1977.
122. Environmental Considerations of Selected Energy
Conserving Manufacturing Process- Options: ~ ~
Petroleum Refining Industry Report, u.s. Environmental
Protection Agency, EPA-600/7-76-034d, December 1976.
123. Dellinger, R. W., "Incorporation of the Priority
Pollutants into Effluent Guidelines Division Documents,"
prepared for the Open Forum on Management of Petroleum
Refinery Wastewater, Tulsa, Oklahoma, June 7, 1977.
124. §-!L Selection 2! Refineries ~ ~ ! R Supplemental
Sampling Program, prepared by Burns and Roe Industrial
Services Corporation, for the u. S. Environmental
Prot~ction Agency, Effluent Guidelines Division, March
18, 1977, revised May 4, 1977.
125. Data Base for the Review ~ Effluent Limitations
GUidelineS TBATEA-r7 !!! Source Performance Standards,
and Pretreatment Standards for the Petroleum Refining
POint Source Category, Paramus;- N.J., Burns and Roe
Industrial Services Corporation, December 1977.
262
126. "Electrolytic Coagulation Cleans Waste Water," Chemical
and Engineering ~, January 23, 1978.
127. Reed, D.T., Klen, E.F., and Johnson, D.A., "Use Stream
Softening to Reduce Pollution," Hydrocarbon Processing,
November 1977.
128. Finelt, s. and Crump, J.R., "Pick the Right Water Reuse
System," Hydrocarbon Processing, October 1977.
129. Telliard, W. A., Rationale for the Development ~ BAT
Priority Pollutant Parameters, May 24, 1977.
130. Grutsch, J.F. and Mallatt, R.C., "Optimizing Granular
Media Filtration," Chemical Engineering Progress, April,
1977.
131. Lash, L., "Scale-up of Granular Media Filters," Chemical
Engineering Progress, April 1977.
132. Brody, M.A. et al., "Performance of Dual-Media Filters,"
Chemical Engineering Progress, April 1977.
Upflow Filtration," Chemical Engineering Progress, April
1977.
134. Bardone, L. et al., Costs of Reducing SOs Emissions and
Improving Effluent Water Quality from Refineriei;
Concawe, Report NR., March 1977.
135. Heath, H.W., Jr., "Chambers Works Wastewater Treatment
Plant Removal of Organic and Organo-Nitrogen Compounds
From Wastewater," unpublished report .to Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research Laboratory, November 1976 to
April 1977.
136. Hakansson, H. et al., Petroleum ~ Petrochemicals,
Swedish Water and Air Pollution Research Laboratory,
B346, Stockholm, January 1977.
137. Matthews, J.E. et al., Acute Toxic Effects 2t Petroleum
Refinery Wastewaters 2n Redear Sunfish, Office of
Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, EPA-600/2-76-241, October 1976.
138. Pendieton, H.E., Ph.D., "Petroleum and the Environment,"
Pollution Engineering, September 1977.
139. Dickerman, J.C. et al., Industrial Process Profiles for
Environmental Use "Chapter 3-Petroleum Refining
Industry," U.S. Eilvironmental Protection Agency, EPA-
600/2-77-023C, January 1977.
263
140. "Industry's Challenge-on Benzene," Business Weeks August
22, 1977.
141. Gubrud, A.E., remarks at the Federal Water Quality
Association Conference on Toxic Substances in the Water
Environment, April 28, 1977.
142. Weiss, A.E., remarks at the Federal Water Quality
Pollutants in the Aquatic Environment," prepared for the
Open Forum on Management of Petroleum Refinery
Wastewater, June 7, 1977.
143. Kuserk, F., "Texaco Has the Right Answer for Cleaner
Refi~ery Effluents,"~ Jersey Effluents, October 1977.
144. DeWalle, F.B. et al., "Organic Matter Removal by

Powdered Activated Carbon Added to Activated Sludge,"
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, April 1977.
145. Grieves, C.G., "Powdered Carbon Improves Activated
Sludge Treatment," Hydrocarbon Processing, October 1977.
146. Ford, D.L. et al., "Meeting BPT Standards for
Intermediate and Secondary Refinery Wastewater
Treatment," Industrial Wastes, September/October 1977.
147. Hannah, S.A. et al., "Removal of Uncommon Trace Metals
by Physical and Chemical Treatment Processes," Journal
Water Pollution Control Federation, November 1977.
148. Electron Microscopic Analysis 2£ Water Samples ~
Asbestos, Final Report, GCA Corporation, GCA/Technology
Division, December 1971.
149. Analysis of Petroleum Refinery Effluents for Organic
Priority Pollutants, Draft Final Report; Midwest
Research Institute, March 1978.
150. Water Reuse Studies, API Publication 949, American
Petroleum Institute, August 1977.
151. Cost Manual for the Direct Discharge Segment 2[ the
perroleum Retfnrng Industry, prepared by Burns and ROe
Industrial Services Corporation, for the U.S.
EnviQrnmental Protection Agency March 1979.
152. Rizzo, J.A., "Case History: Use of Powdered Activated
Carbon in an Activated Sludge System," prepared for the
First Open Forum on Petroleum Refinery Wastewaters,
Tulsa, OK, January 1976.
153. Grieves, C.G. et al., "Effluent Quality Improvement by
Powdered Activated Carbon in Refinery Activated Sludge
264
Processes," prepared for the API Refining Department,
42nd Midyear Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, May 11, 1977.
154. Thibault, G.T., Tracy, K.D., and Wilkinson, J.B.,
"Evaluation of Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment for
Improving Activated Sludge Performance," prepared for
the API Refining Department, 42nd Midyear Meeting,
Chicago, IL, May 11, 1977.
155. Flynn, B.P., "Startup of 38 MGD Powdered Activated
Carbon - Activated Sludge (PACT) Treatment System at
DuPont's Chambers Works," prepared for the 50th Annual
Water Pollution Control Federation conference,
Philadelphia, PA, October 3, 1977.
156. Robertaccio, F.L., "Combined Powdered Activated Carbon-
Biological Treatment: Theory and Results," prepared for
the Second Open Forum on Management of Petroleum
Refinery Wastewaters, Tulsa, OK, June 8, 1977.
157. Spady, B. and Adams, A.D., "Improved Activated Sludge
Treatment With Carbon," Deeds & Data, Water Pollution
Control Federation, January 1976.-----
158. Development Document ~Effluent Limitations Guidelines
and Standards for ~ Petroleum Refining Point Source
Category. u.s. Environmental Protection Agency
440/1-79/014-b, December 1979.
159. Wastewater Recycle Study - Petroleum Refining Industry,
prepared by Burns and Roe Industrial Services
Corporation for the U.S.E.P.A. E.G.D., November 1980.
160. Preliminary Screening of the 1979 Effluent Monitoring
(BPT) Data, preparea- by Burns and Roe Industrial
Services Corporation for the u.s. Environmental
Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines Division,
September 1982.
161. Petroleum Refining Self Monitoring Data Analysis,
prepared by Sanford Research Institure--for the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Analysis and
Evaluation, September 1982.
162. Surrogate Sampling Program Petroleum Refining Industry,
prepared by Burns and Roe Industrial Services
Corporation Submittal to U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Effluent Guidelines Division, September, 1982.
163. Summary gt the Record for the Development gt the Survey
2[ 1979 Effluent Monitoring Data ~ the Petroleum
Refining Point Source Category, prepared by Burns and
Roe Industrial Services Corporation for the U.S.
265
Environmental Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines
Division, June 1980.
164. Petroleum Refining Industry, Refinements to 1979
Proposed Flow Model inS Supplemental Documents,:Prepared
by Burns and Roe Industrial Services Corporation for the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Effluent
Guidelines Division, September 1982.
165. Ambient Water Quality Criteria, u.s. Environmental
Protection Agency, Criteria and Standards Division, EPA
440/5-80-069, November 1980.
166. Petroleum Refining Industry, Flow Model Documentation
Report, prepared by Burns and Roe Industrial Services
Corporation for the u.s. Environmental Protection
Agency, Effluent Guidelines Division, March 1980.
167. Cantrell, Ailleen, "Annual Refining Survey," Q1l inS~
Journal, March 30, 1981.
168. Environmental Data Summary ~ Analysis ~ the
Petroleum Refining Industry, prepared by Versar, Inc.
for the u.s. Environmental Protection Agency, Monitoring
and Data Support Division, September 10, 1982.
169. Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines
and Standards for ~ Coil Coating Point Source
Category, EPA 440/1-81/071b, January 1981.
170. Development Document ~Effluent Limitations Guidelines
and Standards for Sh!· Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing
Point Source Category, Final, EPA 440/1-82/007, June
1982.
171. ~Compliance Costs for the Direct Discharge Segment of
~ Petroleum Refining Inaustry, prepared by Burns and
Roe Industr~al Services Corporation for the u.S.Environ-
Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines Division,December
1980.
172. Hynek, R.J. and Chou, c.c., "Field Performance of Three
RBC Aeration Modes Treating Industrial Wastes,"presented
at. the 35th Annual Purdue Industrial Waste Conference,
May 13-15, 1980.
173. Davies, B.T. and Vose, R.W. "Custom Designs cut Effluent
Treating Costs Case Histories at Chevron U.S.A., Inc."
Proceedings of the 32nd Purdue Industrial Waste Confer-
ence, May 10-12, 1977.
174. Grieves, C.G., Crame, L.W., Vernardos, D.G., Ying, W.,
"Powdered versus Granular Carbon For Oil Refinery Waste-
water Treatment," Journal Water Pollution Control Feder-
ation, March 1980.
266
APPENDIX A
COSTS OF TREATMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION
This section addresses the costs associated with the control and
treatment technologies presented in Section VII. As such, the
cost estimates represent the incremental expenditures required
over and above the capital and operating costs associated with
attainment of existing effluent limitations. These differential
costs, therefore, relate to specific control and treatment
alternatives that could be necessary to comply with BAT limit-
ations.
The cost estimates presented do not include land costs; the cost
of land is variable and site dependent and cannot be estimated on
a national basis. However, the amount of land required is
indicated for each of the major end-of-pipe treatment schemes.
These land requirements are minimal compared with the land
requirements for refinery process equipment and existing waste-
water treatment facilities.
The cost data presented in this section are based on flow rates.
The major capital cost items considered were equipment, instal-
lation, engineering, and contingencies, while operating costs
included maintenance, labor, chemical, and power costs. The
following unit costs in 1977 dollars were used for calculating
the major capital and operating costs presented in this section:
Item Unit Cost
1. Tank Steel $1.40 - 2.00/po~nd

2. Tank Lining $3.00 - 4300/ft
3. Carbon, granular (capital cost) $31.00/ft
4. Garbon, granular (operating cost) $0.61/lb
5. Carbon, powdered (operating cost) $0.31/lb
6. Electricity $0.04/kilowatt hr
7. Manpower $10.00/hr
Capital costs for major equipment items such as clarifiers,

filters, corbon regeneration furnaces, solids dewatering filters,
activated carbon, and large pumps were obtained from equipment
manufacturers. Other costs such as the unit cost of tank steel,
piping, small pumps, etc. were derived from the contractor's
(Burns and Roe) in-house experience and expertise in the design
and construction of major facilities.
COST OF TECHNOLOGIES CONSIDERED
Biological Treatment
Cost analyses developed for BPT regulations are based on activated

sludge or equivalent BPT systems (3). A very limited number of
refineries may need to upgrade their existing biological treatment
systems to comply with BAT limitations.
One method of upgrading a biological unit is to install a raw

wastewater equalization system (143). Table A-1 presents capital
and operating costs for this type of modification. These costs
are based on 12 hours detention and include the necessary pumps
and controls for equalization of flow and pollutant loading.
EPA assumes the tanks are manufactured by placing a steel shell

on a concrete pad. Costs are included for pumping the wastewater
either to or from the equalization tank. The Agency also assumes
that either pumping is not required on both sides of the tank, or
one set of pumps exists to supply the second pumping requirement.
Another method of improving the performance of a biological

treatment system is to install a biological roughing unit.
Rotating biological contactors (RBCs) are an applicable treatment
alternative for use as a roughing system.
Tables A-2 and A-3 present equipment sizes and energy requirements
and capital and operating costs for RBC units. It is assumed
that this treatment alternative will be used if aerated lagoons
or oxidation ponds comprise the basic biological treatment process.
The use of aerated lagoons and oxidation ponds implies that the
refinery has sufficient land to install this type of wastewater
treatment system.
It is also assumed that the RBC units will precede the present
biological system. Clarifiers or additional sludge handling
capabilities will not be required, based on the assumption that
the amount of solids carryover from the RBC units to the lagoons
is approximately the same as that now entering the lagoons from
the raw wastewater.
Filtration
BPT limitations are based, in part, on granular media filtration

or polishing ponds (3). Many refineries do not include filtration
or other polishing techniques in their present systems, even
though that technology was included in model BPT. Certain
refineries may have to install granular media filtration to
comply with BAT limitations. Tables A-4 and A-5 include the
associated cost data for filtration systems.
A-2
Powdered Activated Carbon
Refineries with activated sludge or trickling filter systems may

inprove their effluent quality with powdered activated carbon
treatment. Tables A-6 through A-8 present cost data for powdered
activated carbon systems that do not include the cost ,of sludge
handling in the analysis. However, when carbon regeneration is
used in conjunction with powdered activated carbon treatment,
the sludge produced in the biosystem is incinerated as the
carbon is regenerated, thus eliminating the sludge disposal
costs associated with this requirement. An analysis was undertaken
to compare annual cost when sludge handling is included as a
cost factor. This analysis is included in Table A-9. Tables A-
10 through A-12 present cost data for powdered activated carbon
systems based upon the inclusion of sludge handling costs.
Table A-ll includes the costs for purchase of solids dewatering

systems, whereas Table A-12 includes operating costs with sludge
disposal shown as a credit for the systems that include carbon
regeneration.
The powdered activated carbon costs described above are based

upon an 80 mg/L dosage rate. THis number is based upon one year
of operating data at the DuPont Chambers works facility.
Powdered activated carbon treatment may also be used for the

removal of organic toxic pollutants, but may require higher
carbon dosages. Tables A-13 through A-15 present costs for
powdered activated carbon systems based upon a carbon dosage of
150 mg/L. Tables A-16 through A-19 present the analyses and
associated results when the costs for sludge hauling are recognized.
Table A-20 presents the equipment sizes and energy requirements

used to estimate the capital and operating costs for granular
activated carbon systems. The sizes are based on the design
concept described in Section VII, with the system consisting of
tanks that can be shipped in one piece, thereby minimizing field
construction. This sizing constraint results in an unusually
large number of tanks for the larger systems. In reality, a more
cost-effective approach (with cost savings approximately 5 to 15
percent) is for a given refinery to use field constructed steel
tanks, concrete tanks, or other construction techniques, which
have been determined for that refinery individually. The use of
shop fabricated tanks with similar sizes allows for uniformity in
cost estimating, especially in developing construction and design
engineering estimates. This approach also results in a conserva-
tive (larger) estimate, and is considered preferable when considering
general industry-wide costs.
A-3
'I'L!b le 1\.-21 presents the cL!pi tal costs for the systems l'";lJtlir,r..:rJ in
Table A-20. Table A-22 provides the operating costs, excluding
depreciation, for these granular activated carbon systems. The
capital costs for carbon regeneration systems are based on an
equipment manufacturer's quotations. Manpower requirements for
the operation of the granular carbon adsorbers were obtained from
the EPA Technology Transfer Series, Carbon Adsorption Manual
( 6 4) •
One equipment supplier leases carbon adsorption systems. Plants

would pay a yearly operating cost with no initial investment
other than a foundation for and piping to the equipment. This
supplier has suggested the following rental cost estimates for
the two smallest systems:
3 6
0 380M /day (O.lxl0 gal/day) - $75,000 to $100,000/yr
Foundation and hookup - $5,000
3 6
0 3,800 M /day (l.Oxl0 gal/day) - $450,000/yr
Foundation and hookup - $15,000
These estimates are based on a lease agreement for a minimum of

three years and include the carbon adsorbe~s with installation,
all granular carbon required, and carbon regeneration services.
Manpower for the operation of the carbon columns is not included.
Low Flow Rate Systems
Table A-23 presents capital and operating costs for the systems
discussed above at a design flow rate of 10,000 gal/day.
In-Plant Control
Chromium Removal - The treatment technology described in Section

VII is the basis for estimating the costs of chromium removal.
Refineries can also take advantage of the reduction capabilities
of refinery sewers and the removal capabilities of secondary
treatment systems.
Table A-24 presents cooling tower blowdown rates for the refineries
that responded to the 1977 EPA Petroleum Refining Industry Survey.
The flow rates have been used as the design basis for chromium
treatment systems. Table A-25 presents equipment cost bases and
energy requirements for selected flow rates from Table A-24;
Table A-26 presents the capital and operating costs for these
systems.
Flow Reduction - Section VII describes a number of in-plant

control measures designed to reduce or eliminate wastewater flow.
Many of these measures, however, require a plant-by-plant evaluation
to determine their usefulness. In addition, the costs associated
with their implementation are, for the most part, site dependent
making an accurate estimation of representative costs on an
industry-wide basis very difficult.
A-4
For the 1979 proposal, the Agency did select one in-plant flow
reduction measure, however, that can be applied at most refineries
and whose cost can be readily estimated on an industry-wide
scale. This flow reduction scheme consists of recycling treated
refinery wastewaters for process-related applications such as
cooling tower makeup, pump gland cooling water, washdown water,
and fire system water. This wastewater could be reused once and
then returned to the refinery wastewater collection system for
end-of-pipe treatment. The amount of wastewater that can be
recycled in this manner depends on many factors, including the
number of cooling towers in the plant and the salinity of the
wastewater to be recycled. EPA chose this wastewater reduction
technique to form an estimate, because it is both definable and
representative of the costs that would be incurred by other,
similarly effective in-plant control measures.
Table A-27 presents the capital and operating costs per mile used
for the 1979 proposal for recycling various amounts of treated
wastewater. In some cases, particularly for cooling tower makeup,
the recycled wastewater may require treatment to remove calcium
and magnesium hardness. The costing procedure for the 1979
proposal assumed the use of lime or lime-soda ash softening
followed by filtration. Table A-28 presents the capital costs
for softening systems that correspond to the flow rates in Table
A-27. Operating costs cannot be readily determined on an industry-
wide basis because they depend largely on the site specific
concentrations of calcium and magnesium in the recycled waste-
water. Lime costs can be approximated at $0.025/1,0000 gal of
treated water for an influent hardness of 100 mg/1 (as CaC0 3 ) , to
$0.12/1,000 gal for an influent hardness of 500 mg/1 (as CaCO ) .
These costs can vary, depending on the desired effluent quali~y
and on the influent water quality, especially costs involving
alkalinity.
In an effort to confirm its assessment of wastewater flow reduction

costs, the Agency conducted a series of site investigations after
proposal to identify feasible flow reduction techniques and to
determine actual costs for specific refineries to install these
technologies. This Wastewater Recycle Study involved fifteen
refineries throughout the United States and focussed on methods
of recycling and reusing wastewaters within a refinery in an
effort to reduce the rate of final discharge. These methods
included the recycling of treated wastewaters, the reuse of sour
water, the recycling of pump and compressor cooling water, and
the collection and reuse of steam condensate. Site investigations
involved wastewater management practices that were found to be
successful in reducing final effluent and that could be generally
applicable to other refineries. The findings of the overall
study, including discussions of the flow reduction schemes developed
A-5
for each refinery and estimates of the capital and annual
operating cost requirements involved, were presented in a report
(159). Results indicate that wastewater discharge reduction to
the proposed BAT flow level is achievable at the refineries
investigated. The study also revealed that the costing procedure
used in developing the proposed regulations did produce conserva-
tive cost estimates.
COST OF TECHNOLOGY SELECTED AS BASIS FOR LIMITATIONS AND STANDARDS
EPA considered nine options in finalizing BAT regulations, four

options for NSPS guidelines, and three options for PSES and PSNS
controls. The following discussions describe the costing method-
ologies and results obtained for each.
BAT Options
As discussed in Section VIII, nine regulating options that included

various combinations of flow reduction and wastewater treatment
technology were considered for BAT. Options l through 6 were
investigated in formulating the proposed rule. Option 7 (a
modification of Option 2) and Option 8 (a modification of Option
l) were developed on the basis of information that was available
at the time of the 1979 proposal, but was then modified and
supplemented as a result of information collected by EPA after
the proposal. Option 9 requires no additional controls beyond
existing BPT, and therefore, would incur no additional cost.
Cost estimates for Options l, 2, and 3 were developed for the

direct discharging segment of the industry on a plant-by-plant
basis for the 1979 proposal. These estimates of total capital
and annual operating costs in 1977 dollars are presented in
Table A-29.
It was realized that the most accurate method of determining

compliance costs would be to conduct an engineering evaluation at
each refinery that might be affected by proposed discharge regu-
lations. However, in order to produce conservative compliance
costs within a reasonable manhour expenditure, a cost estimating
procedure was established. The procedure relied on flow reduction
and end-of-pipe treatment alternatives that could be directly
defined. The approach included flow reduction only (Option 1),
and flow reduction plus enhanced biological treatment (Option 3) .
The costs of the Option 3 wastewater management combination were
used to represent the costs associated with meeting Option 2
requirements.
The procedure developed to estimate plant-by-plant compliance

costs began with a review of each refinery's generated waste-
waters, end-of-pipe treatment system, and modes of disposition.
The volume of wastewater qenerated daily by each refinery was
traced and categorized accordinq to treatment and disposal. Data
were obtained from industry responses to EPA's 1977 Petroleum
Refining Industry Survey and its subsequent submittals.
A-6
The next step in the costing procedure was to determine the type
of biological enhancement to be added at each refinery and then
assign costs. Although an individual refinery may choose to
upgrade its biological treatment system in other ways, powdered
activated carbon treatment and rotating biological contactors
were considered in this procedure, and readily priced as add-on
systems. Refineries that had, or were planning to have, aerated
lagoons or oxidation ponds were given costs for RBC systems.
Refineries that had, or were planning to have, activated sludge,
trickling filters, or RBC systems were given costs for powdered
activated carbon treatment. Capital and operating treatment
costs were based on the influent rate to the end-of-pipe system,
with a minimum of 10,000 gallons per day. Costs for these systems
were expected to be conservatively high estimates.
Determining the amount of flow reduction required by each refinery

was the third step in the procedure. The proposed flow model
presented in Section IV was used to calculate model wastewater
generation rates, based on process capacities, for each direct
discharger. BAT discharge rates were then set at 73 percent of
the calculated model flow (27 percent reduction). Each refinery's
actual rate of direct discharge of production wastewaters was
compared to its calculated BAT discharge rate to determine
required reductions. Prior to this comparison, actual discharges
were adjusted by planned reductions in the amount of wastewater
generated, and reductions in flow to end-of-pipe treatment.
The following step in the procedure was to allocate flow reduction

costs. The assumed reduction technique selected for the develop-
ment of cost estimates was the recycling of treated wastewater
for use in process related applications, such as cooling tower
make-up, pump gland cooling water, wash down water, and fire
system water. Based on recycle flow rate and a derived relation-
ship between refinery size and required pumping distance, pumping
and piping costs were calculated for each refinery that required
flow reduction. The assumption was also made that softening
would be necessary before treated wastewater could be reused.
Costs were determined for softening 25 percent of the recycled
wastewater with the lime-soda process and filtration.
The final step in the compliance costing procedure was to combine

the treatment and flow reduction costs assigned to each refinery
and to compute overall industry costs. Capital and operating
costs for each refinery were generated by adding those model
technologies that did not exist in 1976 and that were not planned
for the ~uture. Since biological treatment is essential in
meeting the BPT guidelines, this level of treatment was assumed
to exist at all direct discharging refineries. Therefore, the
cost estimates represent the incremental expenditures required
over and above the costs associated with attainment of BPT
effluent limitations.
A-7
More details on the costing procedure and refinery data used to
estimate compliance costs can be found in the report on this
effort entitled, "Cost Manual for the Direct Discharge Segment of
the Petroleum Refining Industry" (151). The cost evaluation
concluded that, for Option l, a total industry capital cost of
$23.5 million in 1979 dollars would be required, with an annual
operating cost of $3.4 million, to comply with proposed effluent
limitations guidelines. Option 2 and Option 3 would require a
total capital cost of $138 million and an annual operating cost
of $27.1 million. These cost figures have been updated to 1979
dollars based upon the Nelson Refinery Construction and Operating
Cost Indices.
An "annualized cost" combines capital cost and operating cost

into a single value that represents average annual disbursements
required to finance, operate, and amortize a facility. The basis
for computing annualized compliance costs, as outlined in the
Agency's economic analysis of proposed effluent standards and
limitations (87), is the sum of annual operating costs (including
labor, materials, chemicals, energy, insurance, and taxes),
capital recovery, and return-on-investment. Computed on this
basis, the estimated annualized cost that would be required for
Option 1 is $9.3 million, while $62 million would be required for
Options 2 and 3.
Option 4 required effluent limitations beyond BPT based upon

wastewater flow reduction and the segregation and separate
treatment of cooling tower blowdown. While the cost of chromium
removal could be estimated, the cost of segregating cooling tower
blowdown from other process streams was not available at the time
of proposal. Therefore, EPA did not make a detailed cost analysis
for this option.
One objective of the Agency's wastewater recycle/reuse study

(159), conducted after the publication of the proposed regulation,
was to determine the waste management changes that would be
required and the costs involved to segregate and collect these
blowdown streams. Results of the study indicate that, for
existing sources, it is extremely difficult, in many instances, to
segregate cooling tower blowdown for chromium treatment. Cooling
tower blowdown is typically effected at numerous locations
throughout a refinery. Extensive collection systems would be
necessary at many refineries to collect all blowdown streams for
separate treatment. In addition, not all cooling tower blowdown
streams are collectible. For instance, cooling water when used
as makeup for refinery processes commingles with process water
and cannot be traced or segregated, especially in older refineries.
Therefore, the Agency has determined that it would not be proper
to base BAT effluent limitations guidelines on this technology
option. Complete cost estimates for this option have not been
developed.
A-8
Option 5 was based upon wastewater flow reduction in addition to
BPT treatment plus the addition of granular activated carbon
treatment to control residual toxic organic pollutants. Cost
estimates for this option were based upon compliance costs
developed for Option 1 and the capital and operating costs for
GAC treatment as shown in Tables A-21 and A-22. A total annual
industry cost of an estimated $470 million in 1979 dollars would
be required for this option.
Prohibiting the discharge of wastewater pollutants was proposed

as Option 6, and was based upon reuse, recycle, evaporation, or
reinjection of wastewaters. Total industry costs were not calcu-
lated for this option. While additional costs for building a new
refinery to eliminate discharge have been determined, the costs
of retrofitting an existing refinery are highly site specific.
Costs for a zero discharge option, however, would be significantly
higher than costs for applying any of the other options.
Options 7 and 8 are revisions to Options 1 and 2, and are based

upon discharge flow reductions from the revised model flow.
Results of the Agency's wastewater recycle study were used to
revise the compliance costing procedures previously developed for
Options 1 and 2.
Several methods were found at the refineries studied that could

reduce the rates at which wastewaters were being discharged from
boiler circuits, cooling tower circuits, and general process
uses. The use of treated effluent as a replacement for raw water
in these areas was also examined. However, not all methods are
applicable at every refinery. Each refinery's flow scheme,
intake water quality, and wastewater treatment system limit the
flow reduction options available to it. But, a list of techniques
has been identified from which a refinery can select one or more
alternatives to reduce its discharge rate to the target BAT
level.
Capital and operating cost data developed during the study represeni
combinations of flow reduction techniques that could be used to
meet the BAT level. A unit flow reduction cost resulted for each
refinery based on the mix of reduction schemes proposed for that
particular refinery. Annual flow reduction costs established for
all of the refineries investigated fall within a specified range
when expressed in terms of dollars per gallon reduced per day.
These cost data were us~d to estimate flow reduction costs for
the industry.
The previous compliance costing procedure began with a review of

each refinery's generated wastewaters, end-of-pipe treatment
system, and modes of disposition. The volume of wastewater
generated daily by each refinery was traced and categorized
according to treatment and disposal. The revised procedure
continued with a determination of the amount of flow reduction
A-9
required by each refinery. Model flows were calculated based
upon process crude capacities. BAT discharge rates were then set
at 62.5 percent of the calculated model flows. Each refinery's
existing process wastewater discharge rate is compared to its
target BAT discharge rate to determine required reductions.
Prior to this comparison, existing discharges were adjusted by
flow reductions that were reportedly being planned for the near
future. Flow reduction costs were then allocated for each
refinery.
Plant-by-plant estimates of the costs that would be required for

Option 7 were developed for the direct discharge segment of the
industry. These estimates, along with refinery data used in the
costing procedure, are presented in a report prepared for this
effort entitled, "BAT Compliance Costs for the Direct Discharge
Segment of the Petroleum Refining Industry" (171). Results of
the revised procedure indicate that a total capital cost of $112
million and an annualized cost of $37 million in 1979 dollars
would be required for this segment of the industry to comply with
Option 7.
The Agency has not performed a detailed cost analysis of Option 8,

but has estimated such costs based upon the costing procedure
developed for Option 7. BAT discharge rates were set at 80
percent of the revised model flows. Flow reduction costs were
allocated for each direct discharge refinery, generating plant-
by-plant estimates of compliance costs for Option 8. This effort
concluded that a total capital cost of $77 million and an annualized
cost of $25 million in 1979 dollars would be required for the
industry to comply with Option 8.
New Source Costs
EPA considered four options for the final rulemaking. NSPS

Options 1, 2, and 3 were included in the 1979 proposal. Option 4
was added subsequently and would set new source standards equal
to the existing standards promulgated in 1974. NSPS Options 1,
2, and 3 utilize technology similar to BAT Options 2, 5, and 6,
respectively. Unlike the similar BAT technology options, new
sources have the opportunity to incorporate technological changes
without incurring the retrofit costs included in modifications to
existing refineries.
NSPS Option 1 - Discharge flow reduction to 52 percent below

model flow, achieved through greater reuse and recycle of waste-
water, in addition to BPT treatment, is equivalent to BAT Option 2.
A-10
The 1979 development document contains an estimate of cost to
construct a new 150,000 barrel/day subcategory B refinery. Cost
for NSPS Option 1 include:
Cost Component 1979 Dollars
Capital Costs $ 0.75 million

Operating Costs 0.37 million
NSPS Option 2 - Discharge flow reduction to 27 percent below BPT

model flow, achieved through greater reuse and recycle of waste-
waters in addition to BPT treatment, plus use of granular activated
carbon (GAC) treatment to reduce residual organic toxic pollutants
is equivalent to BAT Option 5. A new refinery will not incur the
retrofit costs of flow reduction associated with BAT Option 5,
however, it will incur the capital cost for GAC plus annual
operating costs as shown in Tables A-21 and A-22.
NSPS Option 3 - Zero discharge of wastewater pollutants is similar

to BAT Option 6 except that the new refinery will not incur
retrofit costs.
EPA has not calculated the costs for eliminating wastewater

discharge. However, the API publication Water Reuse Studies
(150) has presented such costs for a 150,000 barrel per day
refinery. Based upon estimates contained in this document,
investment, over BPT, of 11.6 million would be required with an
annual cost of 4.6 million, including interest and depreciation
(1979 dollars).
NSPS Option 4 - Discharge flow reduction to from 25 percent to 50

percent below BPT model flow, depending upon subcategory, achieved
through greater reuse and recycle of wastewater is equivalent t0
the existing new source performance standard promulgated in 1974.
NSPS Option 4 is equal to the existing criteria for new sources,
and therefore, a new refinery will incur no additional cost in
complying with this technology option.
Pretreatment Options
The Agency evaluated three technology options for the selection

of final standards for indirect dischargers. Options 1 and 2 are
similar to Options 1 and 2 presented in the 1979 proposal. The
third option was considered after the 1979 proposal and is similar
to the existing standard for existing sources. EPA developed
these costs by estimating the values for each plant requiring
chromium removal and/or biological treatment. The costs presented
in the tables were updated to January 1977.
Costs for end-of-pipe treatment includes the following processes:
Biological treatment, consisting of activated sludge units,

thickeners, digesters, and dewatering facilities.
A-ll
Granular media filtration, consisting of filter systems and
associated equipment.
These costs were also indexed to January 1977 values.
PS Option 1 - Chromium reduction by pH adjustment, precipitation

and clarification technologies applied to cooling tower blowdown,
plus control of oil and grease and ammonia at the existing level
of control is similar to Option 1 in the 1979 proposal. Separ-
ation and treatment of cooling tower blowdown is the additional
technology required beyond existing pretreatment standards.
Table A-30 presents the costs of modifying each indirect discharge

refinery to meet Option 1 requirements. The analysis includes
the cost of combining the effluents from multiple cooling tower
installations. Estimates of necessary pumps and piping were
obtained from the cost presented for recycle of treated effluents
in Table A-27.
The Agency estimated the combined cost of retrofitting affected

indirected dischargers at $11.7 million initial investment and
an annual cost of $6.8 million (1979 dollars).
The Agency estimated the incremental cost of incorporating PS

Option 1 technology into a subcategory B model new refinery
(150,000 barrel per day topping and cracking) at an initial
investment of 0.37 million and an annual cost of $0.26 million
(1979 dollars) including interest and depreciation.
PS Option 2 - Establish two sets of pretreatment standards.

Provide Option l control for refineries that discharge to POTW
with existing or planned secondary treatment. Provide Option l
controls plus biological treatment for refineries that discharge
to POTW that have a Section 30l(h) waiver from secondary treatment.
Tables A-30 and A-31 combined contain the costs to implement
Option 2 (1977 dollars). Included in Table A-31 are costs for
the installation of in-plant control measures for those plants
whose wastewater flow exceeded the calculated BPT model flow.
These costs were obtained from the National Commission on Water
Quality (20).
Total cost of implementing Option 2 for existing refineries

could not be calculated for the 1979 proposal since no POTW had
been granted a Section 30l(h) waiver at the time the cost estimates
were prepared. The Agency did estimate the cost of installing
biological treatment for each indirect discharge refinery.
These values are shown in Table A-31 for information purposes
only. If all indirect discharge refineries were required to
install biological treatment systems, the maximum cost to the
industry (obtained by summing cost to each refinery in Table A-
31 and indexing to a base year) would be an initial investment
of $110 million and an annual cost of $42 million (1979 dollars) .
All refineries discharging to POTW having secondary treatment
were subject to the cost of providing Option l treatment shown
in Table A-30.
A-12
PS Option 3 - Reduction of oil and grease and ammonia by oil/water
separation and steam stripping technologies is equivalent to the
existing pretreatment standard. Since indirect discharging
refineries are already required to provide treatment equivalent
to Option 3, implementation of Option 3 would incur no additional
cost to existing refineries.
A-13
TABLE A-1
RAW WASTEWATER EQUALIZATION SYSTEMS

CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS
capital Cost, Dollars
3 3 3 3 3
Description 380 M /daX 3800 M /dgy 19,000 M ~day 38,000 M tgay 76,000 M ;gay
(0.1 X 10 ) (1.0 X 10 ) (5 X 10 ) (10 X 10 ) (20 X 10 )
gal/day gal/day gal/day gal/day gal/day
Detention tank, 12 hours detention, $ 30,000 $ 116,000 $ 346,000 $ 595,000 $1,020,000

steel shell on concrete pad
Pumps, and associated controls, 8,000 30,000 87,000 149,000 255,000

installed
Subtotal $ 38,000 $ 146,000 $ 433,000 $ 744,000 $1,275,000
::t>' Piping, installed (1~\) _______ !;,'lQQ _ 22,000 65,000 1~000 192,000
I
1-' Total Installed Cost $ 43,700 $ 168,000 $ 498,000 $ 861,000 $1,467,000
"""
Engineering 6,650 26,000 75,000 129,500 221,500
Conting~ncy __ _6, 650 26,000 _

u __Th, OOQ __ -~~].2~, 500 221,500
Total Capital Cost $ 57,000 $ 220,000 $ 648,000 $1,120,000 $1,910,000
2 28,200 113,000
Land Requirements, Ft 585 5,780 57,600
Annual Operating Costs, Dollars
Pumping $ 140 $ 1,400 $ 7,000 $ 14,000 $ 28,000
Maintenance (3\ of Capital Cost) 1,700 6,600 19,500 33,600 57,300

Total Annual Cost $ 1,840 $ 8,000 $ 26,500 $ 47,600 $ 85,300
Notez The Depreciation factor has been omitted from this analysis due to the fact that it will be included
separately in the Economic Impact Analysis Suppiement.
TABLE A-2
ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTORS (RBC 's)

AS ROUGHING SYSTEMS
EQUIPMENT COST BASIS
AND ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
Equipment Size
3 3 3 3 3
Description 380 M /da~ 3800 M /dgy 19,000 M ~day 38,000 M tgay 76,000 M tgay
(0.1 X 10 ) (1.0 X 10 ) (5 X 10 ) (10 X 10 ) (20 X 10 )
Design Percent Removal 50 50 50 50 50

of BOD
Number of Units 1 6 24 48 96
:J:> Shaft Lengths, each 15 20 25 25 25

I
.......
Lll Total Square Feet of Surface Area 75,000 630,000 3,200,000 6,400,000 12,800,000
Annual Operating and Energy Requirements
Manpower Requirements, hours 500 750 1,000 1,500 2,000
Power Requirements, kwh/year 33,000 294,000 1,180,000 2,360,000 4,720,000

TABLE A-3
ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTORS (RBC's)

AS ROUGHING FILTERS
CAPITAL AND OPERATING COS~S
Capital Cost, Dollars
3 3 3 3 3
Description 380 M /daM 3800 M /dgy 19,000 M 'day 38,000 M tgay 76 1 000 M /gay
(0.1 X 10 ) (1.0 X 10 ) (5 X 10 ) (10 X 10 ) (20 X 10 )
RBC Units, Steel Shell, $ 46,000 $340,000 $1,590,000 $3,170,000 $6,340,000

Fiberglass Cover
Piping 5,000 35,000 160,000 317,000 634,000
Total Equipment Cost 51,000 375,000 1,750,000 3,487,000 6,974,000
Installation (50\) 2s,soo _ 187 .~oo Q7~ooo 1, 744,ooo 3,487 ,ooo

:t:' Total constructed Cost 76,500 562,500 2,625,000 5,231,000 10,461,000
I
I-'
0"\
Engineering 11,750 84,750 397,500 784,500 1,569,500
Contingency 11,750 84,750 397,500 784,500 1,569,500
Total Capital Cost $100,000 $732,000 $3,420,000 $6,800,000 $13,600,000

2
Land Requi:r:ed, Ft 420 2,800 13,500 27,000 54,000
Annual Operating costs•
Power $ 1,500 $ 12,000 $ 48,000 $ 95,000 $ 190,000
Labor 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 20,000
Maintenance (3\ of Total Capital Cost) 3,000 22,000 103,000 204,000 408,000
Noter The depreciation factor has been omitted from this analysis due to the fact that it will be included separately
in the Economic Impact Analysis Supplement.
'l'ABLB A-4
P.IL'l'MTIOH
BgUIPMBift' COS7 BASIS AIID BNUGY MQUIRBIIBH'I'S
Bqui~t Coat Baals

Description
3 3 3 3 3
380 M / day 3800 M /~Y _ __ ].9,()0() II /~y 3@,009 M /day __ 76,000 M /day
6 6 6 6
(0.1 X 10 gal/day) (1 X 10 gal/day) (5 X 10 gal/day) (10 X 10 gal/day (20 X 106 gal/day)
Filter Description 2 units 2 units 1 unit, 4-35'aquare 1 unlt,4-4l'aquare 2 units, 47 1 square

(all units are 5 1 di-. ,steel 11 1 di••· ,steel oells, concrete cella, concrete cells, concrete
auta~~atic and
air scoured)
Bed depth, ft. 4 4 4 4 4
Operation type Gravity Gravity Gravity Gravity Gravity

::t:- Media type Dual lledia
1 Dual .adia Dual 88Clla Dual lledla Dual lledla
I-'
-.....]
Annual Oper~ttlpg ancJ Bn&rgy Jloquir-nts
Pu111ping, 3,440 34,400 172,000 344,000 688,000

KWH/year
Labor, 400 500 600 700 BOO

Manhours/year
TABLE A-5
FILTRATION
Capital Cost, Dollars
3 3 3 3 3
Description 380 M /daX 3800 M /dgY 19,000 M 'day 38,000 M tgay 76,000 M /gay
(0.1 X 10 ) (1.0 X 10 ) (5 X 10 ) (10 X 10 ) (20 X 10 )
Filtration Units Installed $ 25,000 $100,000 $250,000 $350,000 $600,000
Interconnecting Piping, Installed 3,000 10,000 25,000 35,000 60,000
Pumps, Installed 5,()00 15,000 ~2,90() 60,()00 100_,000

Total Installed Cost 33,000 125,000 317,000 451,000 770,000
Engineering 6,000 20,000 49,000 ~9,500 115,000

>'I
/-' Contingency 6,000 20,000 49,000 69,500 115,000
co Total Capital Cost $ 48,000 $165,000 $415,000 $590,000 $1,000,000
2 18,000
Land Requirement, Ft 200 700 5,000 9,000
Annual Operating Cost, Dollars
Pumping $ 140 $ 1,400 $ 7,000 $ 14,000 $ 28,000
Labor 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000
Maintenance (3\ of Capital Cost) 1,400 5t()OO __ _ 12,500 _ 18 1 000 30,000

Note; The Depreciation factor has been omitted from this analysis due to the fact that it will be included
separately in the Economic Impact Analysis Supplement.
TABLE A-6
POWD&ItED AC'I'IVATEO CARIIOH

BQUIPHEtn' COST BASIS
AND ENERGY IUlQUIREHENTS
80 ..g/1 DOSAGE RATE
.!quis-ent 8i&e
3 3 3 l 3
Peacdption 380• /da¥ 3800• /dfi 191000 • (day 38 1000 a/gay 76 1000• tgay
(0.1 X 10 ) (1.0 X 10 ) (5 X 10 ) (10 X }0 ) (20 X 10 )
9al/d gal/d gal/d 9al/d gal/d
Powdered Carbon Feed Tanka (2 each) 700 71000 351000 701000 1401000
Capacity 1 gallon• (Baaed on teed
concentration of one po\Uid
carbon/gallon vater)
:;r:..
I Feed Rate pounda/day 67 670 3,350 6,700 13,400
I-'
\.0
Annual Qperating and Energy Requlre. .nte
Manpower Requir-nta 1 boura 400 540 940 1,240 1,940
Nlacellaneoua Power Requlr-au,

kWb/yr 251000 50,000 125,000 200,000 l75,000
TABLE A-7
POIDBRED ACI'IVA'I'£0 CARBON

CAPITAL COSTS
80 .g/1 DOSAGE RATS
capital C001ta, Dollars
3 3 3 3 3
Description 380 a /daX 3800 • /dgy 19,000 • 'day 38,000 • tgav 76,000 • tgav
(0.1 X 10) (1.0 X 10 ) (5 X 10) (10 X 10 ) (20 X 10 )
gal/d gal/d gal/d gal/d gal/d
Powdered carbon Feed Syatea $10,000 $30,000 $45,000 f60,000 $100,000
~ Piping 1,000 3,000 4,500 6,000 •10,000

I
N
0 Total Equipment Coat 11,000 33,000 49,500 66,000 110,000
Installation (50\) 6,000 16,500 24,1100 JJ,OOO 55,000
Total Constructed Cost 11,000 49,500 74,300 99,000 165,000
Engineering 9,000 10,000 11,350 15,!500 25,000
Contlnqencx 9,000 10,000 11,350 15,500 25,000
Total Capital coat us,ooo f69,500 $97,000 U30,000 $215,000
2
:zoo
0
Land Requir...nta, ft 100 900 l,lOO 1,700

TABLE A-8
POIODED JC'J'IVA'I'IIO CARIIOH

ANNUAL OPSMTING COSTS
80 119/1 DOSAGS RATS
Annual eo.t, Dollar•
~•cdetton 380,
l
t4•x 1aooa
l
tegx lt,ooo• .l'a.r 1a,ooo• l JQax l
76,ooo• tgax
(O.lxlO) (l.OxlO) (SxlO) (lOxlO) (20xl0)
gal/4 CJal/d gal/d gal/d gal/d
CUboA Make-up • 7,400 $74,000 $310,000 $740,000 U,480,ooo
Miecellaneoua Power Requlc...nte 1,000 2,000 s.ooo 8,000 1s,ooo

Labor ,,10/. .nhOUll') 4,000 5,400 9,400 12,400 19,400
>I Maintenance (l' of total C!Pital Coat) 1,000 2,000 3,000 4.000 6,600
1\.)
.... Total Annual coat $11,400 ,83,400 U81,400 f764,400 n,su,ooo
The depreciation factor baa been oaltted froa thia analyaia due to the fact that it will be included aeparately
in the Sconoaic l~ct Analyaia Supplaaent.
TABLE A-9
I'CMDBMD ACI'IVA'l'ED CAIIIIOII

CDMPUISOII or Ol'BIIA'I'ING CXlS'l'S
CAIUIOII IIEGENERATIOH VS. THROW-AWAY
80 119/1 DOSAGE IIA'I'B
Reqeneratecl
3 3 3
19,000 a /del'___lll_.f)OO ,.. /~ay_'l~.oo() a t~ay
3
It- 380 ,;!/day 3800 a /dl!lf
(0.1 X lOv)-11-:o X lOvJ - - ( 5 X lOu) (10 X lOu) (20 X 10°)
gal/d 9el/cl <Jel/d gal/d ga1/d
Capital Coat $735,000 fl,OOO,OOO $1,650,000 $2,300,000 $3,250,000
Carbon Make-Up $ 2,200 $ 22,000 $ 110,000 $ 220,000 $ 440,000

Furnace Power 5,000 19,000 44,000 76,000 132,000
Miscellaneous Power 1,000 2,000 5,000 8,000 · 15,000
Labor 91,600 93,000 97,000 100,000 108,000
Maintenance (3\) 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 6,600
!l:' (15\) 105,000 140,000 233,000 328,000 455,000
I Depr,c1atJ.~ (~7\l _ 200,~-- ~7(),000~~-- _~~(;,000 ____ 6H,OOO _ 878,000
N
N Total Annual Coat $405,800 $ 548,000 $ 938,000 $1,357,000 $2,034,600
Nol'o- Reqener a ted
Capital Coat $ 35,000 $ 39,500 $ 97,000 $ 130,000 $ 215,000
Carbon Make-Up $ 7,400 $ 74,000 $ 170,000 $ 740,000 $1,480,000

Labor 4,000 5,400 9,400 12,400 19,400
Maintenance (3\) 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 6,600
Miscellaneous Power 1,000 2,000 5,000 8,000 15,000
D•Pl'~tc!ationcnH _________ 9,~oo__ J7,60Q. 26,200 35,loo_ 58,ooo
Total Annual Coat $ 22,900 $ 101,000 $ 413,600 $ 799 1 500 $1,579,000
Cost for Sludye Dewatering $ 20,000 $ 76,000 $ 1)7,000 $ 226,000 $ 335,000

Annual Coat with Sludge Dewatering $ 42,900 $ 177,000 $ 550,000 $1,025,000 $1,914,000
Coat for Land Disposal 4,000 40,000 200,000 400,000 800,000

Annual Coat with Land Disposal $ 46,900 $ 217,000 $ 750,000 $1,425,000 $2,714,000
TABLE A-10
POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON
EQUIPMENT COST BASIS
AND ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
INCLUDING COSTS FOR SLUDGE DISPOSAL
80 mg/1 DOSAGE RATE
Equipment Size
3 3 3 3 3
Description 380 M /daX 3800 M /dgy 19,000 M £day 38,000 M ;gay 76,000 M ;gay
(0.1 X 10 ) (1.0 X 10 ) (5 X 10 ) (10 X 10 ) (20 X 10 )
Powdered Carbon Feed Tanks (2 each) 700 7,000 35,000 70,000 140,000
Capacity, gallons (Based on feed
concentration of one pound
carbon/gallon water)
;J::I Feed Rate pounds/day 67 670 3,350 6,700 13,400

I
N
w Sludge handling and/or regeneration 290 2,900 14,600 29,000 58,000
system, lbs/day dry solids
Carbon make-up lbs/day 67 670 3,350 2,000 4,000
Furnace power requirements

Fuel, BTU/hr N.A. N.A. N.A. 2,500,000 4,500,000
Connected hp N.A. N.A. N.A. 100 140
Manpower requirement, hours 400 540 940· 10,000 10,700

TABLE A-ll
l'OWOERED AC'I'IVATED CARBOII

CAPITAL COSTS
IIICWOING COSTS FOR SWDGB DISPOSAL
80 119/l DOSAGB RAT£
Capital Coeta, Dollars

3
380 1 /d r
3800
3
td
3
19,oog • /d 38,0~ • 3/d 3
76,oog • /d
Description (O,lxlO gal/d) (l.OxlO gal/d) (5x10 gel/d) (lOxlO gal/d) (20xl0 gal/d)
Powdered carbon Feed Syac. uo,ooo $30,000 $45,000 $60,000 $100,000
Solids Dewatering syat. . -- -- -- 397,000 585,000
Regenerated Carbon Acid Walb

Syat..,.
----- --
--- --
--- 40,000 60,000
::t:" Subtotal 10,000 30,000 45,000 497,000 745,000

I
N Piping (10\) 1,000 3,000 4,500 ,49, 7op ___1!,.500
~
Total Equip.ent Coat 11,000 33,000 49,500 546,700 819,500
Inatallation (50\) 5,500 16,500 24,800 273,400 ~000
Total Constructed COat 16,500 49,500 74,300 820,100 1,229,500
Bngineedng 9,000 10,000 11,350 119,950 185,250
COntingency t,ooo l0 1 Q90 11,350 119,950 __1!!,_250
Subtotal 35,000 69,500 97,000 1,060,000 1,600,000
Activated Carbon Regeneration

Syata. (InatalledJ
COntingenoy (For Utility
-- -- -- 900,000 1,200,000
Hook-up, etc.)
Bngineering for Carbon
-- -- -- 190,000 250,000
Regeneration Syete•
-us,ooo --
--- --
--- uo,ooo ~000
Total capital COat f69,500 $97,000 f2,300,000 f],2SO,OOO
Land Requtr...nta, tt2 100 200 900 3,000 4,500

TABLE A-12
POWDERED ACTIVA'l'ED CARBON

ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS
IHCWDIHG CREDIT FOR SWDGE DISPOSAL
80 mg/1 DOSAGE RATE
Annual Cost, Dollars
3 3 3 3 3
Description 380 M /daX 3800 M /dgy 19,000 M 'day 38,000 M tgay 76,000 M tgay
(0.1 X 10 ) (1.0 X 10 ) (5 X 10 ) (10 X 10 ) (20 X 10 )
Carbon Make-Up $7,400 $74,000 $370,000 $220,000 $440,000
Furnace Power 76,000 132,000
Miscellaneous Power Requirements 1,000 2,000 s,ooo 8,000 15,000
Labor ($10/manhour) 4,000 5,400 9,400 100,000 108,000

!:I:>'
I
N Sludge Disposal Credit (-)400,000 (-)800,000
U1
Maintenance l,QOO ~,000 ~. _ ~ 1 QOO 332 1 000 .. _ 46!.~.600
Total Annual Cost $13,400 $ 83,400 $387,000 $336,000 $ 356,000
Note a
The depreciation factor has been omitted from this analysis due to the fact that it will be included separately
in the Economic Impact Analysis Supplement.
TABLE A-13
P<lWDERED ACTIVATED CAIIBOH

EQUJPHEH'f COS'J' BASES AND ENERGY R£0UlltBHEHTS
150 a:J/1 DOSAGE RATE
EQui(>!l!nt Sh.e
3 3
l80 t /d 3800 t /d 19,~ 1
• /d 38,0~ • 3;4 76,~ • 3/d
Description (O.lxlO gal/d) (l.OxlO gal/d) (SxlO gal/d) (lOxlO gal/d) (20xl0 gal/d)
Powdered Carbma reed 'fanks 1,000 10,000 43,000 87,000 175,000

(2 each) Capacity, gallons
(Baaed on feed concentration
of 1 1b carbon/gal water)
Feed Rate lb/d 125 1,250 6,250 12,500 25,000

::t:' Sludge Handling and/or llS 3,350 16,700 33,500 66,700
I
N Regeneration Syate•,
~ 1b/d dry aoUda
Annual !:!f!raUn!l and Ener!IX !!!guire-nte
Carbon Make-Up lb/d us 1,250 6,250 u,soo 8,150

(25\ •ake-up)
Furnace Power Requireaenta

Fuel, Btu/h M.A. II.A. H.A. H.A. <&,soo,ooo
Connected hp N.A. N.A. H.A. N.A. uo
Manpower Requireaenta, hours 400 540 940. 1,240 10,700
TABLE A-14
I'OWD&RED AC'l'IVATEO CAIIBON

CAPITAL COSTS
150 1'9/1 DOSAGE RATE
Capital Coate, pollara
]80 1]/d l800 1]/d 19,~ •l/d l8,~ a 1/d 76,~ a 1td
Deacription fO.lxlO gal/dp (l.OxlO qal/dp (5xl0 qal/dp flOxlO tal/dQ (20xl0 tal/dp
Powder•~ ~arbon Feed Syatea us,ooo $45,000 $65,000 $90,000 n5o,ooo
Solids Dewater1ng Syatea -- -- -- -- 615,000
Regenerated Carbon Acid Wash

Systea
- ----- ----- --
--- 60,000
Subtotal 15,000 45,000 65,000 90,000 825,000
>'I Piping (10\) ~0 4,500 ~ 9,000 8],000

N Total Equi~.ant Coat 16,500 49,500 71,500 99,000 908,000
-...]
Installation (50\) a1 soo 24,500 l5 1 5oo 49,500 454,000
Total Conatructed Coat 25,000 74,000 107,000 148,500 1,]62,000
Engineering 9,000 u.ooo 16,500 22,250 207,500
Contingency '•000 u.ooo 16,500 22.250 207,500
Subtotal u,ooo 100,000 140,000 19],000 1, 771,000

Systea (Installed)
-- -- -- -- l 1 l00,000
Contingency (For Utility

Hook-up, etc.)
-- -- -- -- 280,000
Engineering for Carbon

Regeneration Syatea
-- -- -- -- 200,000
Total Capital Coat $ u,ooo ' 100,000 $140,000 $19],000 U,557,ooo
Land Requirements, tt 2 100 800 2,000 l,OOO 4,500

TABLE A-15
POWDERED ACTIVAtED CARBON

ANNUAL OPERATING CDS'I'S
150 1119/l ~SAGE RA'l'E
Annual Coat, Oollan
Deacrtptlon
e1
110 t•
(O.lxlO gal/d)
1
J8oo 1 ;•
(l.OxlO qal/dl
19,~ • 3, .
(SxlO sal/dl
)8,~ • 1, .
(lOXlO sal/d)
76,~ • 3,.
(20x10 gal/d)
CArbon Hake-Up Ul,900 Ul9,000 $694,000 U,J88,000 ' 825,000
Furnace P-•r 1)2,000
IUacellanaoua P-.r
Raquh·-nu 1,000. 2,000 5,000 8,000 15,000
::t>' Labor ($10/aan-hour) 4,000 5,400 9,400 12,400 108,000

I
N tlaintananca 1,000 2,000 ),000 4,000 491,000
CX)
Total Annual Coat U9,900 fl48,400 $711,400 $1,412,400 U,571,000
tlot••
Tba Depraciation factor baa been oaJttad froa tbia analrata due to the faot that it will ba included ..paratalr
in tha Econoaic ~~act AnalJill 8uppl...at.
TABLE A-16
PAC'!'
COia>AJUSON OF OPERATING OOS'I'&
CAII80II ltEGINERATlON VS. 'l'IIIIOW-AWAY
150 119/l DOSAGE RATB
l!e!ener:eted
3
110 , td
3
r
1aoo td .,,ooe • 3td 1a,~ a 3td 3
76,ooe a t4
Oeecr:letlon (O.lxl~ gal/dl (l.OxlO gal/dl !5xl0 gal/dl !lOxlO gel/d) (20xl0 gel/41
S!Pltel Coat $743,000 $1,035,000 $1,743,000 f2,463,000 $3,557,000
Cer:bon Make-up 4,UO 41,300 207,000 4ll,OOO 825,000

Fur:nace Power: 5,000 19,000 44,000 76,000 132,000
Hlecelleneoue Power: 1,000 2,000 5,000 8,000 15,000
Labor: 91,600 93,000 97,000 100,000 108,000
Maintenance (l\1 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 6,000
(15\) 105,000 140,000 240,000 3U,000 485,000
~ Uepr:eciation (25\) 200,000 280,000 471,000 665,0Q!t 961,000
I
IV
1.0 total Annual Cost 1407,730 $517,300 Sl,067,000 $1,609,000 U,5l2,000
Non-Regener:ated
Capital Cost f u,ooo !100,000 $140,000 $193,000 $322,000
Car:bon Hake-up U,900 139,000 694,000 1,388,000 2,175,000

Labor: 4,000 5,400 9,400 12,400 19,400
Maintenance (3\l 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 6,600
Miacelleneoua Power: 1,000 2,000 5,000 8,000 15,000
Dopr:ecietion !27\) 11,600 27,000 37,800 52,100 87,000
Total Annual Coat ' 11,500 $175,400 U49,200 $1,464,500 U,90l,OOO
Cost tor: Slud9e Deweter:ing 25,()QQ 95,000 171,000 282,000 419,000
Annual Cost with Sludge

Dewatedng $ 56,500 $270,400 $920,200 $1,746,500 $3,122,000
Coat for: Lend Disposal s,ooo ~ 50,0Q() 25Q._gQQ 500,000 1,000,000
Annual Cost with Lancl

Disposal $ 61,500 $320,400 $1,170,200 fl,246,500 $4,322,000
TABLE A-17
POWOBRED ACliVATt:O CAIWON

EQUIPHEH'l' COST BASt:S AND ENERt:Y tu:QUIREMENTS
INCLUDING COSTS FOR SWOG£ DISPOSAL
150 "4/1 DOSAGE RAT£
Equipaent Size
1 3 3 3 3
380 t /d l800 1 /d 19,oog a /d l&.oog a /d 76,oog a /d
Description (O.lx10 gal/d) (l.OxlO gal/d) (5xlP gal/d) (10xl0 gal/d) (20xl0 gal/d)
Powdered Carbon Feed Tanks 1,000 10,000 u,ooo 87,000 175,000

(2 eacl1) Capacity, gallons
(Based on feed concentration
of 1 lb carbon/gal water)
~ 25,000
I Feed Rate lb/d 125 1,250 6,250 12,500
w
0 Sludge handling and/or ll5 3,350 16,700 Jl,500 66,700
Regeneration System,
lb/d dry solids
Annual 9!!rating and Enor!Zl Reguire. .nts
Carbon Hake-Up 1b/d 125 J.,250 2,100 418 8,350

(25\ make•up)
Furnace Power Requireaente

2,500,009 4,500,000
Fuel, Btu/h
Connected hp "·"·
N.A. "·"·
II.A.
1,300,000
80 100 140
otanpo-r Requiremente, hours 400 540 ,,700 10,000 10,700

TABLE A-18
l'OWDEIIED ACTIVA'l'BD CAIUIOII
CAPITAL CXlS'l'&
INCLUDING OOS'I'S FOR ILUilG& DISPOSAL
150 -.g/1 DOSAG8 M'IB
£!P1tal Costa, Doll&n
3ao ~ td 3aoo ~ td
3 3 3
19,ooe a td
3
,a,ooe a td 76,~ •ltd
Description (O.lxlO gal/d) (l.OxlO gal/d) (5al0 gal/d) (lOxlO sal/d) (20x10 sal/d)
Powdered Carbon Feed Syat. . us,ooo • 45,000 • 65,000 • 90,000 U50,000
Sol1da Dewatering &ystea -- -- 250,000 415,000 615,000
Regenerated Carbon Acid Weab

~
I
syate111 --
--- -- 20,000 ~000 60,000
w
f-' Subtotal 15,000 45,000 335,000 545,000 825,000
Piping (10\) ~ 4,5QO H,()OO 55,000 83,000
Total Equipment Coat 16,500 49,500 369,000 602,000 908,000
Installation (50) ~ :14,500 18S,OOQ 300,000 454,000
Total Constructed Coat 25,000 74,000 554,000 900,000 1,362,000
Engineedng 9,000 13,000 82,000 131,500 207,500
Contingency 9 1 ooo u,ooo 82,000 ll1,500 ___!21, 500

Subtotal u,ooo 100,000 718,000 1,163,000 1, 777,000

Systum (Installed)
Contingency (For Utility
-- -- 750,000 950,000 1,300,000
Hook-up, etc.)
Engineering for Carbon
-- -- 160,000 200,000 280,000
Regeneration Syatea -- -- u~.ooo 150,000 200,000
Total Capital Coat $43,000 uoo.ooo U,7U,OOO U,463,ooo U,557,000
Land Requirements, tt 2 100 800 2,000 3,000 4,500

TABLE A-19
POWDUED AC'l'IVA'l'EO CAJI80II

ANNUAL Ol'EIIATING COSTS
IIICUJDING CMDIT FOR SLUDGE DISPOSAL
lSO 119/l DOSAGE RATE
Annual Coat, Dollars
Pea9ription
]80 e 3
td
CO,lxlO qal/dl
e3
38oo td
(l.OxlO gal/d)
3
11,ooe a td
(5xl0 gal/d)
3a,~ • 3;d
llOxlO gal/d)
76,~ • 3;4
(20xl0 gal/d)
Carboa Hake-up UJ,900 $139,000 U07,000 ·~13,000 $825,000
Furnace •-•r: -- -- 55,000 95,000 165,000
Hbcellaneoua Power
Requir:e-nta 1,000 2,000 5,000 8,000 15,000
::t::'
I
Labor (flOt-an-boQr:l ... ooo 5, ..00 91,000 100,000 108,000
w
1\.) Sludge Diepoaal Cradlt -- -- (-)250,000 C-1500,000 C-)l,ooo,ooo
Maintenance ~ 2,000 zu,ooo 347,000 491,000

Total Annual Coat $19,900 1148,400 $357,000 $463,000 1604,000
The Depreciation factor baa b..n oaitted f~ tbia analysis due to the fact that it will be included ..par:ately
in tba Bconoalc I~act Analysis luppl...nt
TABLE A-20

~uipment Cost Basis
a Energy Requireuents
Oescri pti on EquipAlent ¥,¥..
380 ml/day 3800 ml/day l9,~ /day
111 38,~ aal/day 76,000 ml/day
(O.lxl06 gal/d) (l.Oxlo6 gal/d) (5x10 gal/d) (lOxlO gal/d) (20xl06 gal/dl
Activated Carbon Units Three-4'diam. Three-11' diarn. Nine-12' diam. flfteen-12' dtam. Thlrty-12' dlam.
X 13' high X 18' high X 25' high X 30' high X JQ' hfgh
Carbon, ft 3 Total 281 2800 14,000 28,000 56,000
Au toma t1 c Con t ro 1s Included No Yes Yes Yes Yes
>'I
w Furnace size, lb/d N.A. 1250 6,250 12,560 25,000
w of carbon
Carbon Make-up, lb/d 125 12,5 625 1,250 2,500

(10% make-up)
furnace Power Require-
ments
fuel, Btu/hr N.A. 500,000 800,000 1,500,000 2,800,000
Connected hp N.A. 40 50 60 80
Pumping Power Require- 11,400 114,000 570,000 1,140,000 2,280,000
ments kWh/yr
Manpower Requirements, 2,100 9,800 10,500 11,500 12,500
hours
TABLE A-21
GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON

CAPITAL COSTS
~-- ~~-~~- Capita_! ~()l!tli_, Oollar:s
Description
3
380 IU /dgy
3
3800 II /gay 19 1 000 r
3
/day
3
38 1 000 II &day
3
76 1 000 II &day
(0.1 XlO I (1.0 XlO I (5 XlO I (10 XlO I (20 XlO I
gal/d qal/d gal/d gal/d gal/d
Activated Carbon Units $50,000 $325,000 $1,500,000 $2,600,000 $5,000,000
Pumping ~ Misc. Equip. (10\) 5,000' 32,500 150,000 260,000 500,000
Pip!_l:lg (10\) S, O_QQ_ __ 32 1 SOO __ lSO,OQQ__ __ 260 1 000 soo,ooo

!J::'
I Total Equipment Cost 60,000 390,000 1,800,000 3,120,000 6,000,000
w
,.!::.
Installation (SO\) lo,ooo 195,000 goo,ooo 1,560,000 3,000,000
Total Constructed Cost 90,000 585,000 2,700,000 4,680,000 9,000,00G
Engineeri119 40,000 85,000 400,000 710,000 1,350,000
Contingency ;!0 1 000 80,000 ___ 400,0()0~- __ 710,()0Q 1, 350 1 000
Subtotal 150,000 750,000 3,500,000 6,100,000 11,700,000
Activated carbon Regeneration

System (Installed) ----- 300,000 450,000 600,000 750,000
Contingency (For utility hook-

up, etc.) ----- 60,000 100,000 120,000 150,000
Er.gineering for carbon Regeneration

syste111 ____ __ ==------ _ 5o,(l(lo 5o,ooo_ eo,oo() 100,000
Total Capjtal Cost $150,000 $1,160,000 $4,100,000 $6,920,000 $12,700,000
Land Requirements, tt 2 300 1,500 3,500 5,500 12,000

TABLE A-22
GRANUlAR ACTIVATED CARBON

ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS
Annual Costs, Dollars

l
111 {_da~
3 3 l 3
Description 360 {_da~ 3600 19 1 000 111 {_da~ 36 1 000 • /da~ 76 1000 • {_da~
- 8
6 6 6 6 6
(0.1 Xl0 ) (1.0 Xl0 ) IS Xl0 l (10 uo ) (20 Xl0 )
gal/day gal/day gal/day gal/day 9al/day
Carbon Make-up $26,000 $26,000 $137,000 $275,000 $550,000
:J::'
I
Furnace Power --- 19,000 27,000 46,000 62,000
w Puuopin9 500 5,000 25,000 50,000 100,000

V1
Labor • ($10/~~anhour) 21,000 98,000 105,000 115,000 125,000
Maintenance (3\ of total

Capita! CO!Ili_ __ ~~----~~-4._50_()___ ~00 _ _!2]_,0()()_ 206,000 ___ 381,000
Total Annual Cost $54,000 $165,000 $417,000 $694,000 $1,236,000
NOTE: The depreciation factor has been a.itted from this analysis due to the fact that it will be included
separately in the Econo11ic Impact Analysis Supplement.
The 11anpower requireiiiSnts were obtained fra. the "Process Desi9n Manual for carbon Adsorption,"
Environmental Protection Al,jency Tochnoloqy Transfer Series, October 1973. l.abor includes operation,
11aintenance, and laboratory personnel requirements.
TABLE A-23
SUPPLEMEN'rAL ECONOMIC COST INFORMATION

FOR 10,000 GALLON PER DAY TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Capital Cost, Annual Operating Cost

T:reatlnent System Dollars Dollars*
Equalization $ 12,000 $ 400
Rotating Bioloqical 50,000 6,100

Contactors
Filtration 35,000 3,000
Powdered Activated 35,000 4,300

C&rbon
Granular Carbon 60,000 10,000
A-36
TABLE: A-24
COOLING TOWEll BI.OWDOiiN RATES

(MILI.ICJI GALLONS PER DAY)
REFINERY REFINERY REFINERY

NUMBER BLOWDOWN NOMBER BLOWDOWN NOMBER SLOWDOWN
l 0.008 96 6.01 188 1.01

2 O.Ol4 97 O.Ol 189 UnlcDown
3 UnlcDown 98 0.78 190 0.01
4 Not App. 99 Not App. l9l 0.485
6 Not App. lOO Not App. 192 0.01
7 0.03 102 UnlcDown 193 Ulllalown
8 Unlcnown 103 0.01 194 2.99
9 0.001 104 2.59 195 Ulllalown
lO 0.015 lOS Not App. 196 3.51
11 1.8 106 0.52 197 0.001
12 0.002 107 0.01 199 o.o1
13 1.015 108 UnJcnown 200 0.4
15 0.023 109 0.185 201 0.48
16 o'.o69 110 Not App. 202 UnlcDown
17 0.005 lll 1.11 203 2.035
18 0.021 112 Ulllalown 204 1.536
19 0.0015 113 0.109 205 0.6911
20 0.32 114 o.u8 206 2.5
21 0.0113 115 0.521 207 0.037
22 0.011 116 0.288 208 0.86
23 Not App. 117 0.50 209 0.095
24 0.065 118 0.012 2l0 o.ou
25 0.167 119 0.03l 211 0.279
26 0.0745 120 0.023 212 0.374
29 0.33 l2l 0.74 213 0.013
30 0.033 122 1.562 2l4 ODiczlown
31 o.o1 124 0.135 2l5 ~
32 0.84 125 0.114 216 2.42
33 0.11 126 0.120 218 tJDkDowD
35 Not App. 127 0.025 219 0.565
36 0.0055 128 Not App. 220 0.012
37 1.83 129 0.066 221 tJDkDowD
38 0.702 130 Not App. 222 0.20
39 0.06 ll1 0.120 224 tJDkDowD
40 Ulllalown ll2 0.75 225 0.711
41 l.Ol ll3 1.831 .:Z26 Olllalown
42 0.012 ll4 OnJcnown 227 0.389
43 0.55 ll5 Olllalawn 228 0.122
44 Onlalown. ll6 Olllalown 229 0.009
45 0.817 13? ~ 230 0.37
46 0.145 l38 O.l53 231 Not App.
48 0.141 ll9 0.006 232 ~
49 0.17 140 0.055 233 0.307
50
51
52
53
54
55
0.0255
Not App.
Not App.
0.0355
Olllalown
Not App.
141
142
143
144
145
146
0--
Olllalawn
o.u
0.144
OnJcnown
Onlalawn
234
235
236
237
238
239
OllkDolm
0.23
o.oo
o.oou
0.325
OllkDolm
56 0.65 147 0.49 240 0.072
57 6.3 148 0.055 241 o.u
58 0.269 149 O.l5 242 0.305
59 0.237 150 Not App. 243 0.125
60 0.85 151 1.50 244 o.o3l5
61 1.4 152 1.78 245 0.153
62 1.025 153 3.806 246 0.0425
63 0.299 154 0.050 247 o.u&&
64 1.0 155 0.098 248 Olllalown
65 0.944 l56 0.564 249 0.015
66 Olllalown 157 0.925 250 Olllalown
67 3.23 lSB 0.067 251 Not App.
68 2.448 159 0.066 252 0.0015
70 Olllalawn 160 0.042 253 Olllalown
7l 0.095 161 1.129 254 ODkDown
72 0.022 162 0.356 255 Olllalown
73 0.138 163 0,;642 256 o.oooe
74 0.157 165 0.168 257 Not App.
76 0.826 166 0.025 258 0.634
77 0.198 16? 1.189 259 Not App.
79 ODkDown 168 0.62 260 Not App.
80 0.87 169 1.659 261 0.20
81 0.24 172 0.149 264 Olllalown
82 0.006 173 Olllalawn 265 0.259
83 l.OlS 174 Not App. 266 Not App.
84 Unknown 175 4.36 278 OnlcDDwn
as 2.539 176 0.0026 291 0.00126
87 Not App. 177 0.014 292 Not App.
88 0.073 179 0.149 295 0.158
89 Unknown 180 0.386 296 Not App.
90 0.007 181 5.219 298 Unknown
91 0.0036 182 1.858 302 Not App.
92 2.024 183 0.341 303 Unlcnovn
93 0.021 184 0.521 305 0.010
94 0.432 185 0.322 307 Unknown
95 Unknown 186 0.516 308 Unknown
187 0.983 309 0.302
A- 37
TABLE A-25
Chr~aium Removal Systems

Equlpn~nt Cost Basts and Energy Requirements
Description 3.83m3/day 38 v/tday 380 m3tday 38~ m3/daf 19,~0 m3/day

1.!.!1Q:__9!llil_ - {lxlO gal[d} ___1!!10 5_gall d) (lxlO gal[d ·~{5x10 gal/d)
Detention Tank, gallons 32 320 3,200 32,000 160,000
Mixer, hp 0.25 0.25 1.5 15 80
Mixing Requirements, k~h/yr 1,650 1,650 9,900 99,000 526,000

~
I Solids Contact Clarifier, diam. 8 6 15 45 100
w
00 S0 Feed Rate, lb/d 0.4 4 40 400 2,000
2
Acid Feed Rate, lb/d 0.2 2 20 200 1,000
Caustic Feed Rate, lb/d 2 20 200 2,000 10,000
Pumping Requi ren~nts, kWh/yr 23 230 2,300 23,000 115,000
Manpower Requiren~nts, t:/yr 520 520 520 1,040 2,060
TABLE A-26
Chr0111t11111 Re1110va I Sys tBIIS

Capital and Operating Costs
Capital Costs, Dollars
3 3 380 1113/day
Description 3.8 n1 /day 38m /day 38~ m3/day 19,~ m3/day
(lxl03 gal/day) (lx104 gal/~ (lxl05 ga~ {JxlO gal/day) (5x10 gal/day)
Uetentton Tank $ 100 ~ 1,000 $ 5,000 $20,000 $50,000
Chemical Feed Systetns 5,000 15,000 30,000 40,000 45,000
Automatic Controls 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000
Solids Contact Clarifier 25,000 25,000 35,000 80,000 155,000
:t>' Pumps
I
w Total Equipment Cost 30,100 51,000 80,000 150,000 260,000
\0
Installation (50%) 1~,000 25,500 - 40,000___ 75,00Q 130,000
Total Constructed Cost 45,100 76,500 120,000 225,000 390,000
Engineering 6,950 11 ,750 17,500 37,500 60,000
Contingency b,950 11,750 17,500 37,500 60,000
Total Capital Cost ~59,000 $100,000 $155,000 $300,000 $510,000
Annual Operating Costs, Dollars*
so ~ 16 $ 160 $ 1,600 $ 16,000 $ 80,000
Acid 4 40 400 4,000 20,000
Caustic 130 1,300 13,000 130,000 620,000
Mixing 70 70 400 4,000 21,000
Pumping Negllgable 10 100 1,000 5,000
labor !1,200 5,200 5,200 10,000 20,000
Maintenance (3:1. of 1,780 3,000 4,800 9,000 16,000
Total Capital Cost)
Total Annual Cost $ 7,200 $ 9,780 $ 25,500 $174,000 $782,000
*Note: The depreciation factor has been omitted fr0111 this analysis due to the fact that 1t will be included
separately in the Economic Impact Analysis Supplement.
TABLE A-27
Wastewater Recycle - Caeital and Oeerating Costs

Caeital Costs 1 Dollars- Per Mile
Description 2.3 m3/hr 16 m3/hr 80 m3/hr 160 m3/hr 320 m3/hr 800 m3/hr
(10 gem) po geml {350 gem) poo gem) (1400 oeml (3500 gem)
Piping:
Piping,installed,per mile $32,000 $53,000 $100,000 $135,000 $175,000 $243,000
Misc. Costs (15%) 51 000 8 1 000 15 1 000 20 1 000 26 1000 361000
Total Constructed cost,
per mile 37,000 61,000 115,000 155,000 201,000 279,000
Engineering (15%) 6,000 9,000 18,000 23,000 30,000 42,000
Contingency 7 1 000 10 1000 17 1 000 221000 29 1000 42 1000
Piping-total capital costs $50,000 $80,000 $150,000 $200,000 $260,000 $363,000
per mile
Pumps:
Pumps and associated 5,000 8,000 15,000 20,000 26,000 37,000
equipment instalied (10%
of eieing cost)
Total capital costs per mile $55,000 $88,000 $165,000 $220,000 $286,000 $400,000
(Minimum pumping costs 5,000 6,000 12,000 18,000 24,000 40,000

regardless of distance)
Annual Oeerating Costs, Dollars - Per rtil e

Pumping costs per mile, $100 $ 700 $2600 $4500 s 9200 $24,300
per year
Maintenance (1'.5% of capital 800 1300 2500 3300 4300 6,000
costs) eer milezeer ~ear
Total Annual operating cost $900 $2000 $5100 $7800 $13,500 $30,300
Note: The Depreciation factor has been omitted from this analysis due to the fact that
it will be included separately in the Economic Input Analysis Supplement.
A-40
TABLE A-28
Water Softening of Rec~cled Wastewater

Canit.al r.n~t.~
Capital Costs, Dollars
Description 2.3 m3/hr 16 m3/hr 80 m3/hr 160 m3/hr 320 m3/hr 800 m3/hr
(10 gpm) (70 opm) {350 gpm) (700 gpm) (1400 gpm) (3500 gpm)
Solids Contact Clarifier $ 25,000 $ 30,000 $ 45,000 $ 65,000 $ 80,000 $125,000
(Diameter, ft) (8) ( 11) (23) (32) (45) (72}
Chemical Feed System(s) 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000
Filter Unit 15,000 25,000 30,000 40,000 80,000 150,000
(Diameter, ft) (3) (8} ( 11) ( 15) ( t\~0-15I (three-20'
units) units)
Subtotal 45,000 62,000 85,000 120,000 185,000 325,000
Auxiliar~ Eguipment 51 000 8 1 000 10 1 000 15 '000 20 1 000 35,000
Total Capital Cost 50,000 70,000 95,000 135,000 205,000 360,000
Installation(50%l 25 1 000 351000 50 1 000 701000 100 1 000 180 1 000
Total Constructed Cost 75,000 105,000 145,000 205,000 305,000 540,000
Engineering 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 45,000 80,000
Contingenc~ 15 1000 201000 25 1000 30 1 000 45,000 80 1 000
Tota 1 Capita 1 Costs $105,000 $145,000 $195,000 $265,000 $395,000 $700,000
A-41
1 of 5
TABLE A-29
~P!'!'AL AND OP!:RAT!NG COSTS 9Y REFINERY WMBER
ECONOMIC COSTS, DOLLARS
REFINER"/
miMBER
OP'nON l OPTION z. J.
~PI TAL ANNUAL OPERATING ~PI TAL ANNUAL OPERATING
COST~ COSTS COSTS COSTS
1 131,000 8,600 181,000 30,100
2 76,000 5,900 126,000 14.900
3 50,000 4,700 85,000 9,700
6 86,000 6,700 171,000 14,700
7 70,000 5,600 140,000 12,600
9 1.5.000 3,200 67,000 9,400
10 70,000 5,600 140,000 12,600
ll 178,000 6,500 438,000 73,500
l2 145,000 5,200 586,000 32,200
13 No c:ost - c:onsiciered. presently indirect di.sc:ha:rg"er only.
19 No c:oat - insiqnific:ant flow.
20 200,000 15,000 275,0110 165,000
24 73,000 6,900 3l3,0CO 22,900
30 325,000 19,800 375,001) 43,800
32 750,000 29·,300 4,750,000 122,000
37 6lO,OOO 32,300 2,210,000 ll7 ,000
38 No c:oat - considered. presently indirect disc:ha:rqer only
40 935,000 47,300 1,060,000 558,000
41 550,000 37,500 6,950,000 328,000
43 300,000 17,500 2,400,000 120,000
46 338,000 17,500 398,000 90,500
49 llO,OOO 7,800 230,000 17,800
50 180,000 6,600 745,000 40,600
51 1,420,000 606,000 3,690,000 942,000
52 166,000 10,100 406,000 26,100
53 65,000 2,200 100,000 20,200
54 53,000 4,000 88,000 15,000
56 645,000 35,800 1.550,000 83,800
57 1,280,000 121,000 1,380,000 683,000
sg 385,000 19,100 460,000 104,000
60 0 0. 75,000 145,000
61 650,000 33,800 730,000 238,000
62 400,000 24,500 500,000 397,000
63 250,000 18,000 2,150,000 108,000
64 485,000 32,500 560,000 225,000
65 720,000 47,600 820,000 330,000
67 4,510,000 360,000 7,760,000 720,000
68 1,385,000 88,ooo 1,490,000 464,000
70 190,000 10,700 225.000 28.700
A-42
TABLE A-29 2 of 5
C.~Pim AND OP!:RATING COSTS SY RE!''nTERY ~ER
ECCNOMIC COSTS OCL:J\RS
I
REF :naRY
OP'l'ICl\T 1 OP'l'Ial' 2,J
ml'MBER
aPI'rAL ANNUAL OPERATING CAPIV.L ANNUAL OPERATING
CO§~ CQ§'l'S CO§T:i CO§'l':i
7l 145,000 9,300 34c;,ooo 24,300

72 50,000 5,700 85,000 22,700
73 ~o cost - considered presently indirect disc:harqer only.
74 72,000 2,500 242,000 15,500
76 380,000 26,400 1,630,000 92,400
77 70,000 6,700 llO,OOO 34,700
so 91,000 6,800 lSl,OOO 15,800
Sl 270,000 21,100 1,150,000 69,100
a3 210,000 17,000 295,000 209,000
84 520,000 25,400 595,000 164,000
85 300,000 22,000 :!95,000 286,000
87 220,000 15,400 3l5,000 24,400
88 60,00() 6,200 2:.15,000 19,200
89 79,000 6,100 156,000 15,100
90 58,000 4, 700 118,000 11,700
91 45,000 3,400 80,000 7,400
92 1,680,000 78,100 4,010,000 415,000
93 51,000 4,000 86,000 10,000
94 428,000 27,400 503,000 172,000
96 600,000 44,300 3,080,000 387,000
97 85,000 6,500 120,000 17.500
98 650,000 30,800 2.250,000 111.000
99 45,000 5,000 128,000 13,000
100 30,000 1,100 65,000 10,600
102 230,000 13,600 305,000 32,600
103 48,000 6,100 157,000 14,100
104 500,000 28,000 4,600,000 208,000
lOS 305,000 22,200 380,000 203,000
106 200,000 13,000 1,300,000 73,000
107 No cost - will disc:harqe to PO'rW in tllture.
108 70,000 5,400 105,000 13,400
109 145,000 9,300 185,000 119,000
llO No cost - will discharge to POTW in tllture.
112 295,000 184,000 465,000 31,400
113 90,000 7,800 420,000 2s,aoo
114 No cost - will discharqe to POTW in tllture.
115 0 0 90,000 216,000
116 400,000 21,000 1,300,000 69,000
117 677,000 25,300 1,270,000 59,300
A-43
TABLE A-29 3 of 5
OP;J;I!J;. AND OPDATING COS!S SY !l.UIN:e::RY NUMBER
ZCONOMIC COSTS, DOLLAR~
RUDl!JlY
mnmg OPTION l' OPTION 2,3
OPI'l'AL AI.'IWAL OPDATING CAPITAL AmruAI. OPDATING
COSD COSD COSTS COSTS
118 20,000 900 75,000 7,400

119 60,000 2,000 175,000 12,000
120 55,000 1,800 155,000 10,800
121 1,000,000 47,500 4,100,000 197' 500
122 1,320,000 115,000 5,720,000 319,000
124 220,000 12,400 !85,000 35,400
125 210,000 12,000 550,000 33,500
126 760,000 54,500 5,160,000 265,000
127 126,000 8,400 276,000 20,400
129 221,000 15,600 521,000 24,600
131 300,000 17,500 390,000 254,000
132 740,000 108,000 3,070,000 454,000
133 1,560,000 172,000 1,690,000 772,000
134 940,000 56,500 1,040,000 381,000
142 So ~oat - will 4iacharqe to PO'l'W in future.
143 So ~o•t - will 4iach&rq• to PO'l'W in future.
144 110,000 7,700 223,000 17,700
146 220,000 15,300 315,000 24,300
147 109,000 8,700 149,000 59,700
149 570,000 31,700 1,370,000 73,700
150 372,000 18,900 424,000 99,900
151 1,230,000 62,000 3,930,000 194,000
1!2 1,530,000 155,000 1,650,000 767,000
153 0 0 100,000 300,000
154 310,000 19,400 1,010,000 59,400

155 95,000 7,000 190,000 16,000
156 115,000 9,000 590,000 37,500
157 580,000 29,500 655,000 189,000
158 243,000 13,400 283,000 62,400
159 158,000 10,200 383,000 25,700
160 56,000 6,500 91,000 27,000
161 80,000 7, 200 355,000 25,200
162 220,000 17,000 295,000 215,000
163 165,000 11,400 865,000 ~3.400
165 162,000 10,000 396,000 26,000

167 1,680,000 111,000 1,780,000 507,000
168 0 0 80,000 228,000
169 2,220,000 172,000 2,34.0,000 840,000
172 320,000 24,000 370,000 89,000
173 255,000 17,700 295,000 60,700
A-44
TABLE A-29
4 of 5
s:l!PI'r.\!1 AND OP!l!A'l'!NG COSTS 3Y !tEF!NEl'I.Y m!MBER
E90NOOC COSTS, OOI..I.AR§
llU'INEltY OPTIOIIl 1 OPTICN 2 ,J

Nt!MBER
CAPITAL .umt1AL OP!l!A'l'!NG CAPITAL ANNUAL OPDATING
COST~ COST~ CO§~ CQ§~
174 244,000 16,900 674,000 42,900

175 No coat - will discharq• to PO'l'W in futur•.
176 185,000 ll,OOO 470,000 30,000
177 485,000 28, sao 535,000 93,500
179 158,000 9,800 383.000 25,600
180 565,000 46,100 640,000 263,000
181 980,000 106,000 3,540,000 448,000
183 106,000 8,500 526,000 33,400
184 150,000 12,000 225,000 112,000
186 580,000 26,500 655,000 171,500
189 50,000 3,700 103,000 9,900
190 38,000 3,800 60,000 6,400
194 2,870,000 154,000 12.200,000 650,000
196 2,230,000 255,000 5,330,000 6ll,OOO
197 35,000 3,000 85,000 9,000
199 155,000 9, 500 227,000 16,500
201 209,000 7,700 269,000 87,700
204 268,000 18,700 358,000 283,000
205 890,000 48,400 2,590,000 133,000
208 420,000 25,000 520,000 415,000
uo 35,000 3,200 70,000 8,200
2ll 0 0 60,000 69,000
:U:' 0 0 50,000 61,000
213 7l,OOO 5,700 144,000 12,700
2l6 1,000,000 66,800 4,250,000 424,000
219 0 0 a5a,oaa 48,000
221 600,000 423,000 690,000 301,000
222 235,000 17,000 510,000 35,000
226 63,000 5,000 128,000 12,000
227 0 0 60,000 96,000
230 125,000 9,400 645,000 40,400
231 No coat - will discharq• to l'O'l'W in futur•.
232 0 a 60,000 90,000

233 385,000 19,400 445,000 103,400
234 385,000 19,400 445,000 103,400
235 400,000 24,000 475,000 144,000
236 100,000 7,100 135,000 20,100
237 55,000 4,500 90,000 10.300
238 793,000 45,100 868,000 196,000
A-45
TABl·'E A-29 5 of 5
CAPI'rJ\L AND OP:a!,!!Y{Si CQ§I§ !Y RE!'I:Nli!I NO£mER
ECONOMIC COSTS. OQLI.ARS
RUim:RY OPTICIIT OPTICIII 2 ,3

NOMB!m l.
CAPITAL ANNUAL OPDA'l'ING CAPITAL ANWAL OPDAT:WG
COSTS CQ§I§ COlD CQITI
239 uo.ooo 7,700 145.000 24,200
240 145,000 9,100 185,000 33,600
241 205,000 11.800 250,000 51,800
242 70.000 6.700 110,000 34,700
243 55.000 6.000 200,000 17,500
2.52 110.000 7,700 22!,000 17.700
%55 60,000 2,000 175,000 12,000
%56 80,000 7,300 365,000 26,300
%57 590,000 29,000 1,990,000 101,000
258 165,000 11,400 22!,000 95,400
259 590,000 29,300 665,000 198,000
260 58,000 4,400 ll6,000 10,700
%61 385,000 22,100 433,000 261,000
%65 248,000 13,700 296,000 64,700
%66 410,000 %3,200 470;000 81,200
292 JJo co•t - indgn.i.lic:an t flCJW.
295 315,000 20,100 355,000 45,100
309 42.5,000 !9,100 470,000 99,100
A-46
TABLE A-30 Page 1 of 3
INDIRECT DISCIIARGE - OPTION 1
Cooliu9
Reftnery Tuwer Chrooaiua Reoooval, $ Piping Co11t, ~ Total Co.,t, $
Code Slowdown Capital Annual Capital Annual Capita.t Annual
No. ya1/day Cost vperating Coso: Cost Operatiny Cost t:ost Operating Cost
8 1,250** 63,000 7,JOO • • 63,000 7,30U
ll 1,020,000 100,000 17:..,000 320,000 11,000 620,000 186,000
~4 7,700 94,000 8,000 20,000 400 114,000 8,400
16 69,300 143,000 20,000 45,000 900 188,000 20,900
18 21,500 115,000 12,500 30,000 400 145,000 12,900

!)::!
I
~ 21 11,300 102,000 10,000 • • 102,000 10,000
--.,J
23 Does Not nave Cooling To,.er +
25 167,000 172,000 40,000 60,000 1,600 232,000 41,600
29 12~.000 207,000 70,000 150,000 4,200 357,000 74,200
3l 10,000 100,000 9,800 . . 10u,OOO 9,800
33 110,000 156,000 28,000 5u,OUO 1,10U 206,000 29,100
38 702,000 265,000 130,000 160,000 5,000 425,000 135,000
45 817,000 280,000 150,000 200,000 6,5UO 480,000 157,000
58 269,000 194,000 60,000 90,000 2,500 284,000 62,500
13 139,000 165,000 35,000 60,000 1,300 225,000 36,300

Page 2 of 3
TABLE A-30
Coul1n9
Refinery Towt::r Chr,>mlUIIl Removdl, ~ Piping Cost, ~ Total Cost, $
Code Slowdown Capital Annual Capital Anuudl Capital Annual
No. gal/day Colit Operating CoH Cost Operating Cost Cost 01-erating Cost
76 15,000 106,000 10,000 35,000 500 143,000 10,500
79 No Cost - Unknown Flow
66 146,000 166,000 35,000 45,000 1,100 211,000 36,100
107 10,000 100,000 10,000 . • 100,000 10,000
110 No Cooling •rower +
111 1,110,000 310,000 166,000 160,000 5,600 470,000 194,000

~
I 114 Non Chromilw Treatment ++
*"'
CX>
126 No Cooling Tower +
}JO No Cooling Tower +
142 110,000 156,000 26,000 60,000 1,400 216,000 29,400
143 Non Chromiwa Treatment ++
145 1,000 .. 59,000 7,200 • • 59,000 7,200
1411 Non Ctu:oauiuRI 1'reat~nent i-+
166 25,000 116,000 12,000 • . 118,000 12,000
175 4,360,000 487,000 1>28,000 4115,000 l4,l00 972,000 662,000
182 1,860,000 370,000 2115,000 630,000 28,700 1,000,000 314,000
188 1,0lO,uOO 300,000 175,000 200,000 7,000 500,000 11l2,000

Page 3 of 3
TABLE A-30
Coolin<J
Refinery 1•ower Chromium Re.aval, $ Pipin<J Cost, $ Total Cost, $
Code Slowdown Capital Annual Capital Annual Capital Annual
No. g"l/day Cost Operating Cost Cost Operating Cost Cost Operating Cost
----
1!13 130** !;9,000 7,200 * * !;9,000 7,200
19!; No Cooling Tower +
200 39!;,000 220,000 80,000 65,000 2,000 285,000 82,000
20J 2,040,000 382,000 3011,000 680,000 31,800 1,062,000 340,000
206 2,000 70,000 8,000 * * 70,000 8,000
207 36,500 126,000 15,000 40,000 700 166,000 15,700
220 Non Chr0111iwa Treatment ++
224 Non ChrOO&iu• Tre" tJaent ++
225 Non Chromiwa Treatlllent ++

:t::'
I 228 !22,000 1&6,000 30,000 50,000 1,000 216,000 31,000
~
\0
229 8,500 98;000 9,400 * • 98,000 9,400
231 No COU1ia19 Towers +
264 No Cooling Tower11 +
291 126,000 162,000 30,000 40,000 800 202,000 30,800
lOS 11,600•• 103,000 11,300 • • 103,000 11,300
TOTAL 5,916,000 2,633,000 3,675,000 150,000 9,591,000 2,783,000
NO'I"K: • These Refineries have only one cooling tower and so pipincJ COiit ill excluded.
•• Actual Cooling Tower blowdown data were not available, the blowdown rate is ass&aed to be
25' of total wastewater generated.
+ These Refineries do not have any cooling towers.
++ These Refineries do not use Chromium in the cooli119 towers.

Page 1 of 2
TABLE A-31
OPZ'rl\L AND OPERATING COS'l'S
INDIDC'l' OISC!AliGE - OP'l'l:ON 2
Refinery Capital Allnu&l Opera1:inq

Code !fo. COs1:s, S Costs, S
8 No COs1: - Insiqni!icant Flow
13 5,800,000 626,000
14 315,000 51,400
16 826,000 136,000
18 495,000 58,000
21 373,000 62,500
23 315,000 60,200
25 375,000 54,500
29 4,650,000 S2l,OOO
31 247,000 54,700
33 1,090,000 152,000
38 4,350,000 455,000
45 3, 900,000 419,000
58 1,900,000 159,000
73 915,000 84,100
78 1,390,000 119,000
79 No Cos1: - Unknown Flow
86 800, JOO 104,000
107 255,000 57.900
llO 250,000 56,700
ll1 2, 450,000 2ll,OOO
ll4 683,000 103,000
128 277,000 29,700
130 1,310,000 421,000
A-50
Page 2 of 2
TABLE A-31
Refinery Capital Annual Operatinq

Code No. Costs, $ Costs, s
142 2,450,000 211,000
143 2,190,000 174,000
145 247,000 54,700
148 493,000 111,000
166 273,000 96,900
175 13,300,000 2,360,000
182 7,000,000 781,000
188 3,660,000 340,000
193 247' 000 54,700
195 247,000 54,700
200 1,150,000 106,000
203 13,800,000 1,510,000
206 437,000 95,800
207 375,000 92,500
220 258,000 56,700
224 655,000 112,1)00
225 2,220,000 177,000
228 710,000 112,000
229 242,000 25,400
231 1,110,000 378,000
264 250,000 55,500
291 250,000 51,200
305 277,000 29,700
A-51
APPENDIX B
RAW PLANT DATA
The purpose of this appendix is to present the raw analytical

results for both the 17 refineries' screening program, and
the pretreatment program. (It should be noted that the
"screening program' is referred to in this appendix as the
RSKERL and B&R sampling program). These results are presented
in Tables B-1 through B-16, which follow.
Tables B-1 through B-6 contain the analytical results for

the 17 direct discharge refineries.
Tables B-7 through B-11 include results from the first week
of sampling for the pretreatment program. These tables
report pollutant characteristics for wastewater leaving
Refinery No. 25 and at various points in the treatment train
of the first POTW.
Tables B-12 through B-16 contain the analytical results from

the second week of the pretreatment'program. Included in
these tables are effluent characteristics for Refinery Nos.
13, 16, 21, 43, and 45, as well as the wastewater pollutant
characteristics at various stages in the treatment train of
the second POTW.
TABLE B-1 Page 1 of 7
-lxtf.cal ..wlte fo1: 'h:adiUonal Par-tara for the MCIIRL and BfoR 8!!!1'11"9 PJ"''1r-
------------------- -------~CGH!U~~!L__----------------------------
t6
s...u- DaY M=.l l!ll:1 I!S!R:l a !!!< l!l! !!!3 ~
!!-2 OfG ~ Plow IMGD)
lleflnery A
Intake - 1 L2 L2 4 1 5 Ll.O L.02 L.1 7.6
Intalr.e - :a Ll Ll 4 2 4 11 L.02 L.l 9.0
Intake - l 2 4
• ,,
2 Ll 1.0 L.02 .2 8.8
Separator effluent - 1
20
20
25-
24
18
lO
130
91
99
2,
21
490
390
260
ll
11
11
.09
.03
.05
9.0
6.9
8.5
8.6
8.5
9.0
Plnel effluent - 1
Pinal effluent - 2
L2
L2
L2
L2
36
40
i1
11
••
30
111
11
.04
L.02
.2
.2
6.9
7.4
.433
.427
Pinal effluent - 3 ] 2 21 11 42 9.0 L.o2 .4 7.0 .432
lleflnery B
Intake - 1 Ll Ll 9 u 9 L1.0 L.02 .2 19 D.2 3.91
Intake - 2 Ll Ll 9 25 u Ll.O .02 .2 7 8.1 3.86
tJj Intake - l 2 Ll 9 11 11 Ll.O L.02 .4 6 1.3 4.12
I Dill' effluent - 1 130 140 420 100 38 8.4 L.02 .6 33 !o.2 1. 78
IV DAP effluent - 2 110 110 440 110 50 7.3 .10 1.0 18 tl.6 1.81
Dill' effluent - 3 270 220 500 110 38 6.7 L.02 1.2 11 9.5 1.81
Pinal effluent - 1 15 14 150 47 22 18 L.02 .5 53 7.2 1.69
Pinal effluent - 2 9 7 uo 39 24 111 L.02 .5 24 1.6 2.07
Pinal effluent - l 30 7 uo 4] 20 18 L.02 .6 15 7.4 1.48
lleflnerr c
Intake - 1 2 1 u Ll Ll.O L.02 L.S 8 7.6
lntalr.e - 2 Ll 1 8 Ll L1.0 L.02 L.5 10 7.8
Intake - l 2 2 5 L1 Ll.O L.02 .3 4 7.4
Separator effluent - 1 150 110 380 88 22 52 .05 L.S 150 8.6
Separator effluent - 2 1110 120 370 75 311 50 L.Ol 3.8 100 9.1
Separator effluent - 3 18 85 220 49 21 ll L.02 .3 28 8.7
treated effluent - 1 21 llO 44 20 8.4 L.Ol L.S 8 7.8 .0715
treated effluent - 2 34 120 39 18 5.6 L.Ol L.S 15 1.1 .0848
treated affluent - 3 40 120 41 28 4.5 L.02 .2 11 7.11 .1526
Plnel effluent - 1 l1 130 42 20 7.8 L.02 .5 1 8.0 .1787
Pinal effluent - 2 40 130 l1 2Z 17 L.02 .s 11 8.1 .1411
Pinal effluent - 3 45 100 ]6 16 3.9 L.02 .4 11 7.6 .2357
Note • L - r.e.. than

G - Greater than
BOD-1 lndicalaa analytical .. thod used seed fraa a aa.nstic sewage treatMent plant.
800-2 indicatea analytical . .thod used aaed fra. refinery final affluent.
BOD-3 ind1catea analytical .. thad where no aeed vaa -•d.

TABLE 8-1 Page 2 of 7
Analytical Result• for ~radltional Para.etere for the RSKERL and BSR Sa!fling Prograa
Concentrati,.. (118/1)
-2
,s..,1a - o.v !J<b-1 !9!::1 !!!!!::! em ~ !l!l! NIIJ ££'1> l!. O&G 1!!!. Flow (lr.D}_
lleflnely b
lntakc - 1 L5 20 20 10 24 Ll.O L.02 L.1 7.3
lntak<• - 2 1 4 4 5 12 2.2 L.02 L.l 7.4
Intake - l ] 6 4 a 16 2.0 L.02 L.l 7.3
DAP effluent - 1 160 L220 1000 300 60 ]6 L.02 15 8.9 .932•
DAP effluent - 2 140 500 150 16 29 L.02 18 8.5
OAF effluent - ] 120 Ll60 ]90 100 l2 40 L.02 15 8.6
rind effluent - 1 50 40 820 290 64 ]6 L.02 1.7 7. 7 .932•
Pinal effluent - 2 210 62 670 220 60 42 L.02 1.1 7.7
Pinal effluent - l 150 90 490 150 60 19 .03 .9 7.6
Refinery II
Intake - 1 3 4 43 15 14 1.() L.02 L.l 1.1 18.00
Intake - 2 2 l 59 15 19 ?.IS L.02 L.l 7.6 16.56
Intake - l 2 l 19 15 28 7.1S L.02 L,l 7.5 18.00
160 48 17 11 L.02 1.8 7.3
OAF effluent - 1 54 56
DAr effluent - 2 52 41 160 42 1J l:l L.02 1.5 7.1
tll DAP effluent - l 45 44 150 39 16 15 L.02 1.5 7.2
I Pinal effluent - 1 18 18 47 10 9 15 L.02 .3 7.6 5.02
w Pinal effluent - 2 2 Ll 75 7 20 ll L.02 .5 7.5 4.59
rlnal effluent - ] L1 L1 55 ll 11 u L.02 .6 7.5 4.61
Refinery r
Intake- 1 40 50 140 96 68 1.'7 L.02 1.6 9.2 1.5*
Intake - 2 350 liD 68 68 .02 .9 8.1
40 52
35 ]40 97 40 61 L.02 .1 8.0
Intake - l 42
coon..., tawe" blOOidcNn-1 42 210 62 64 ).9 ,05 7.3 0.17•
25
Gl60 )00 78 76 10 .09 1.0 8.1
cooll119 t . - r blowdown-2 110
Coo11119 tower blowd_,-1 36 ]50 95 80 19 .41 L.1 6.8
47
Plnal effluent - 1 18 18 260 liO 110 1.9 L.02 8.6 o.on•
270 75 96 2.8 L.02 2.0 8.5
rlnal effluent - 2
Pinal effluent - J
]6
20 "
18 260 82 100 3.9 .03 L.1 9.6
• Averaqe flow cJu"l"'' 72-hour •-11119 perloo.

-lytical Reeulte for 'rradltio1111l Par-tara for the RSJCERL and 115R S!Uif>lin<J Progr•
Concentration (118/1.)
l!!ll)la-J)!y -2
l!!l!!=! l!!!!::l BOD-) S!! !!!!: 'I'S~ NH1 ~·6 ~ O&G I!!! r1ow (MGOI
lleflner:r G
Intake - 1 ..,
.., ..,.., .., 20 u Ll Ll.O L.02 L.l 23 7.6 3.22
Intake - 2
Intake - 3 .., L:i
211
24
16
I
18
16
Ll.O
Ll.O
L.02
L.OJ
.6
.3
7
8
7.6
7.7
3.11
3.20
Separator affl..,.nt - 1 240 2110 260 120 240 54 20 .02 22 130 10.2
Separator effl1101nt - 2 250 240 252 .02 32 56 10.3
Separator effluent - 3 260 298 1160 220 JU 1.0 L.OJ 28 110 10.6
Dllr effluent - 1 240 270 250 160 200 64 14 .02 18 190 9.9
Dllr effluent - 2 2110 2110 900 ]60 152 12 L.OJ 28 250 10.2
Dllr effluent - 3 220 260 1200 290 176 10 L.02 30 220 10.4
Pinel effluent - 1 15 12 200 60 ]6 15 L.02 2.0 24 8.3 2.50
Pllllll efflaent - 2 10 Llo 220 64 76 15 L.OJ 1.8 9 8.0 2.27
Pi1111l effluent - 3 6 L14 210 56 64 12 L.02 2.1 10 8.0 2.04
lleflnery H
Intake - 1 L2 L2 12 9 14 Ll.O L.02 .) 31 8.2
Intake - 2 L2 35 ••
L2 113 L.OJ L.l 13
tx:J Intake - 3 2 2 23 14
8.5
I Separat« effluent - 1 167 Ll.O .04 .1 8 7.9
60 eo 120 L.02 3.7
~ Separator afflwnt - 2 20 LIS
80 7.3
5.04*
200 57 66 7.3 .02 4.4 51
llaparator affluent - 3 ]0
,..
]1 leD 50 121 6.2 .04 1.2 24 8.6
Plft8l effl-ftt - 1
Pl1111l afrl. .nt - 2
Pt...l ern. . . - J
L6
L6
, ...
L6
]
•
H
20
11 10
I 6.2
5.0
L.02
L.02
.2
.2
37
13 8.4
I. 2*
41 21 I 5.0 L.02 .1 ) 7.8
lllefinery 1
lat... -1 ..,.., t_
• s .s
..
7.8
..
L1 Ll.O
..,
latab - 2 2
5
• • 8.6
].53
..
Intel!• - , L1 Ll.O 3.53
2 5 7.6
Sepnatar arn. . .t - 1 77 260 119 ll , .5 30 5.7
3.53
..
Saparatar efr1. . .t - 2 76 ]2 2.99
260 110 46 4.5 25 9.1
Separatar affl. .nt - 3 55 3.26
Pinal effluent-1 L12
66 J50
,.
75 32 5.0
Ll.O
.6 42 8.9
7.1
3.29
6 .7
,
5
..
P111111 afflaent-2 Ll2 Ll2 2.75
76 29 I Ll.O 7.2
Final affluent-) L12 Ll2 2.27
72 29 10 1.7 7.5
9 2.44
••ver_,e flow during tho r..-pllng period.

l\lla1rtica1 - 1 t a foe Yc..Uts..-1 Pu-tan foe tba --.Mill au ....,u.., P!!!!!!e-

eon-batlCIII (11!/1)
46 -2
!!!!:! ...!!!!:! IIID-3 !l!!! m J!! !!!, £! .!! ~ I!!! Flov_{!fm)
..,flMry
lhtake-1
-t--2
l ..take-3
.J
LS
2
, ]
.
11
20
14
It
..,,,
10
10
,.
I
]
2.0
u.o
Ll.O
L.02
.02
L.02
L.l
L.l
.]
16
11
11
7.5
7.8
7.3
.,.
..
S.parator 1 efflaa,.t-1 Sl 210 :11.0 .02 .7 74 8.9
s.paretar 1 efflaant-2
S•parator 1 afflaant-J
S.parator 2 eff1aent-1
S.paretor 2 efflue•t-2
S.paretor 2 efflaent-J
"
Q04
7e
!10
Q04
GM
110
110
JlO
690
610
55
57
200
no
82
22
64
1M
108
1.0
1.7
8.4
14
8.4
L.02
.0]
...
L.02
.02
1.8
1.8
5.5
11
15
..
120
H
140
2!10
8.2
7.9
8.2
8.2
8.2
l•parator l effluent-1 15 sa 160 5I 62 J.O .02 1.8 25 7.4 .464
S.parator l efflaent-2
sepaeator J efflae•t-J
~ separator .. efflue.. t-1
20 22
J2
110
220
no
45
6]
•sa
,..
]8 6.2
4.5 ...
.02 5.1
1.5
n
54
7.]
7.3
.122
.572
~ Separator 4 effluent~!
G80
70
100
55 270
H
H 7.]
] L.O:II
L.O:II
6.1
9.1 ,..
65 7.7
7.3
separator .. effluent-] 10 4]0 91 94 8.4 .OS s.t 1!10 7.1
separator 5 eff1aant-l 10 10 83 23 21 2.0 .14 L.l 7 8.1
Separator 5 effluent-2 u 10 75 22 16 1.0 .u 1.0 9 8.1
Separator 5 effluent-l 11 92 ll 48 Ll.O
...
.09 12 25 7.1
8lo-pond lnfluent-1
Blo-pond lnflaent-2
Blo-pond lnfluent-1
Flnel efl1•ott-l
Pinal effluent-2
"
014
•
014 ....,
610
570
so
100
120
34
24
16
11
20
22
24
20
6.8
s.o
.10
.oe
L.02
L.02
14
..
3.5
.2
1.0
, 11
'
20
20
7.4
'·'
7.5
7.0
7.3
2.70
2.55
6 87 H 7 6
Fl11al effluent-]
• 92 32 8 5.6 L.O:II .9 16 7.9 2. 71
Analytical llenlta for 'l'radltlOJWl Par-ter• for the RSURL and II'R 811!1Plill9~
Concentration (118/1)
s..,Ie-oay 1100-1 !!m=l !!!!!.:! !l!ll!. ~ m !!b ra•6 !-2
~ J!!! Flow IIIGDI
Refinery J:
Intake- I
Intake-2
4
4
•
4
27
23 11
12
14
Ll.O
Ll.O
L.02
L.02
.4
.4
9
6
8.1 14.1•
Intake-J L6 L6 24 10 1.0 L.02

10 .3 14 7.4
Dill' effluent-! LUO Ll20 530
80 180 260 6.7 L.02 .8 590 7.8 5.4•
Dill' effluent-2 220 210 200 1000 &.7 .04
350 380 1.6 190
Dill' effluent-] Ll20 Ll20 Ll20 540 180 :no 6.2 .02 .6 98 7.3
Final afflue~t-1 8 7 96 21 2.2 L.02 .5 ll 7.7 5.4•
Final effluent-2 L6 6 uo 39 16 3.4 L.02 15
.3
Final effluent-] ll 10 140 3.9 L.02
42 ]2 .] 12 7.3
Refinery L
lntake-1 2 J 2 56 13 290 Ll.O .25 .1 7.2
Intake-2 L5 L3 20 10 220 L1.0 L.02 1.0 7.5
Intake-) L2 LJ L5 24 6 uo Ll.O .05 1.0 7.1
Separator 1 effluent-1 100 130 120 390 110 140 6.2 L.02 .9 1.9
OJ ].88
I Separator J effluent-2 100 98 350 110 110 10 L.02 1.5 8.3 ].86
0"\ Separator 1 effluent-] 180 \70 150 530 140 120 20 .07 1.2 8.6 4.28
Separator 2 effluent-} 32 38 34 200 49 7.8 .05 .8 8.0 7.15
Separator 1 affluent-2 31 42 210 56 36 15 L.02 1.7 6.3 5.37
Separator 2 effluent-] 40 42 40
Final effluent-!
Final effluent-2
3 3
L4
170
75
C4
46
19
15
48
34
9.0
Ll.O
L,02
L.02
.11
...
.9
.]
8.4
7.2
4.98
11.03
3.4 6.9 9.23
Final effluent-3 11 8 71 14 21 3.0 .01 .9 7.2 9.26
Refinery N
lntake-1 L6 u 10 6 L1 Ll.O L.02 .2 4 8.0
Intake-2 L6 9 10 L1 L1.0 L.02 .2 8 8.0
Intake-3 L6 u II 4 L1 L1.0 L.02 .] 11 8.1
DIIF effluent-! 51 25 ]<I 260 72 18 u .75 .6 16 6.9
Dill' effluent-2 50 !12 40 220 62 9 9.5 L.02 .5 18 8.4
OAF effluent-]
......••
36 40 34 220 66 7 12 L,02 18 8.2
Final effluent-1 LU LU 92 18 8 Ll.O L.02 lJ 1.1 }.(;4
Final effluent-2 L6 L6 86 16 15 L1.0 L.02 12 7.9 1.52
Final effluent-] L6 u 73 14 11 1.0 L.02 .3 14 7.8 1.47
J.veragoJ flow i.arlnq 72-hour • ...,Ung period'.

Analytical Reeulta for Traditional Par•-ters for the RSKBRL lind Br.R S!!!J>l1!!9 Proqra•
Concentration (-s/1)
I!Oil-1, J!OI)-2 J!OI)-3 coo !QQ !ill! .!!!13 .£!: Ol!oG P!! rtow (lflD)
Refinery II
lntal<e-1 Ll 40 12 18 Ll.O L.02 .l 8.4 24.69
lntal<e-2 LS 16 8 22 Ll.O .07 .a 7.7 26.84
lntal<a-l u 28 12 26 Ll.o .09 1.1 7.) 25.91
Separator effluent-1 83 360 88 68 12 L.cn 2.9 8.1 15.25
Separator effluent-2 100 uo
Separator effluent-) 120
430
440 100
112
76 .,15 L.02
L.cn
8.1
9.2
8.1
7.9
15.25
18.25
Che•. plant effluent-! 74 340 93 28 1.1 L.02 .1 6.8
Ole•. plant affluent-2 0.8
140 810 240 36 Ll.O L.02 .9 6.6 0.95
Che•. plant effluent-] 34 240 69 40 2.0 L,02 .9 0.9
1.7
rlnal effluent-1
Final effluent-2
Final effluent-)
10
8
140
120 ,,
ll 50
40
6.2
6.7
L.02
L.02
.6
.9
8.6
7.4
14.75
15.9
10 140 )6 44 J.O. L.02 .9 7.4 17.6
t:Jj
I Refinery 0
-....)
lntal<e-1 L2 11 10 10 Ll.G L,cn .5 7.1
lntal<e-2 L5 LS 26 21 10 Ll.O .02 L.l 6.8
Intake-] Ll L2 12 25 14 Ll.O .en .1 7.0
OAF effluent-1 120 380 uo 21 5.3 L.02 3.9 8,4 2.88*
OAF effluent-2 100 75 410 110 32 6.4 L.02 4.1 8.6
OAF effluent-] 85 88 480 180 42 111 L.02 2.9 8.8
Final affl,.nt-1 6 150 48 24 2.5 L.cn .6 7.9 2.88*
Final affluent-2 LlO LlO 140 40 26 3.1 .02 .5
Pinal effluent-3 94 L8 120 52 24 2.5 L.02 .4 7.8
*Averaqe flow during 72-hour period.

Analytical Re•ult• for Trad1Uonal Par-ten for the RSICBRL and 85R S!!!Plli!IJ Proqraa
Concentration (118/1)
~ l!!!. !!b £1.+6 !.-2 ~ 1!!!. Fl ... (l«lDI

S-la-O.Y a.:! 1!9!::1 1m:! !a&
Refinery P
Intake-1 L2 4 3 Ll Ll.O L.02 L.l 7.0
IJitake-2 L5 L5 6 7 Ll Ll.O L.02 L.l 6.8
Intake-] L2 L2 L4 7 Ll Ll.O L.02 L.l 6.3
Separator affluant-1 320 600 170 68 11 L.Oa 25
Separator •ff1uent-2 210 220 540 140 78 16 .15 25 10.1
8eparator effluent-) 150 160 470 140 42 18 .05 23 9.9
Pinal affluent-1 L5 64 16 11 1.4 L.02 .3
Pinal effluent-2 L5 L5 49 :at 2 2.0 L.02 .6 7.7
Pinal effluent-] L3 L3 41 u 7 2.0 L.02 L.l 7.5
. . unery g
Intake-1 L2 4 8 3 Ll.O L.OZ .4 5 7.1
Intake-2 L2 4 11 2 Ll.O L.02 .3 9 7.4
Intake-] L3 24 9 Ll Ll.O L.02 .) u 7.5
hparator effluent-! 80 50 370 91 28 45 L.02 9.3 62 9.2
Separator effluent-a 40 70 330 84 10 48 L.02 5.6 9.3
tl1 Se~rator effluent-] 66 64 260 65 12 ]9 L.02 2.4 38 9.8
I Pinal effluent-1 28 260 59 38 53 L.02 .7 45 8.8 .2783
00
Final effluent-2 20 250 78 22 49 L.02 .6 45 8.3 .3086
Final effluent-] )0 230 60 26 42 L.02 .5 37 8.7 .3186
ANAI.rf:ICAL RESULTS FOR PRIORI'l'Y POLLUTANTS
FOR 'rilE RSURL AND B&R SAMPLING PROGRAM
VOLATILE ORGANICS !CONCENTRATIONS, uq/l)
a
Refinery A
CO!!!pOunci Intake Water Separator Effluent Final Effluent
4 Benzene G(lOO)b
:Z3 Chloroform D(L 5) ~(L Sib
:Z9 l,:Z-trana-Dicbloroathylane 20 ND
38 Ethylhenzene G(lOOlb ND
44 .Methylene chloride G(lOOI G(lOO)b
85 Tetracbloroethylane G(SO! O(L 101
86 Toluene G(lOOl NO
0
Refinery B
Intake Water OM O:ffluant Pinal Effluent
4 Benzene NDb O(L 10)~
:Z3
44
Chloroform
Methylene cbloric!e
l~
30
~ 101
Refinery c•
Intake Water Separator Effluent Treated Effluent Final Effluent
4 Benzene ND 4l7b ND ND
10 1,2-Dicbloroethane ND 16 ND ND
:Z3 Chlorotom 0 (L]) b ND ND ND
38 lthylben:&ene
44 Methylene chloride ~ ~a ~ NOd
20
Refinery o•
Intake Water Seearator Effluent ¥inal Effluent
4 Benzene ND G(lOO) ND
38 Ethylbenzene ND G(lOOl ND
86 'l'oluene ND G(lOOl ND
Refinery Ea
4
.
Benzene
Intake Water
ND
DA!' Effluent
G(lOO)
G(lOOl
!'inal Effluent
ND
38 Ethylhen:&ene ND ND
44 Methylene chloride sod 1od lOd
85 'l'etracbloroethylene 50 ND ND
86 'l'oluene · ND G(lOOl ND
87 'l'richloroethylene 20 ND ND
Refinery r•
Intake Water Cooling Tower Slowdown Pinal Effluent
6 Carbon tetrachloride G(50l ND
ll 1,1,1-Tricbloroethane G(SO) ND
44 .Methylene chloride O(L lOid O(L lOid
Intake Water Separator Effluent OAI' Effluent Final Effluent

4 Benzene 0(& 1) 409b 2,00Sb 0(~ l)
44 Methylene chloride 22 293 563 12
86 Toluene D(L l) 96 76,405 O(L l)
Refinery He
Intake Water Separator Zftluent Final Effluent
4 Benzene ND:b ND:b l2b

23 Chlorofom D(L lO)d ssb 66b
44 Methylene chloride ND ND 70b
86 Toluene ND ND O(L 10)
B-9
Refinery Ie
IntaJce Waterf Separator Effluent !'iDal Effluent
4 a-zue O(L 1)/D~L l)b 243.4b
23 Chlorofozm 8/d(L 1) Ill)
38
44
!thylbeuue
Metbylue Cbloride ~~ lla
86 Toluene ND/111) tl7&T'
c:
Re:tinert E
IntaJce Water Separator EfflueDt Pinal !ftlueDt
4 lleAaeDe
10 1,2-<:ic:Al-tballe
lll)b
N'O
20:
liD!)
ml'
D(L 10)
15 1,1,2,2•Tecracblo=eCAalle D(L 10) d
2 3 Chlorofozm ~L lO)d
NOb
100 D(L 10)
~
30 1.~-traaa•Oicbloroethylene N'O D(L 10)
38 Etbylbellz-
44 Methylue Cbloride
85 Tecrac:llloroethyleDe
:b 1:go ~&
D(L 101
10)
~L
liD
86 T01ueDe Ill) 10)1:> Ill)
hfin•rt x.•
Pinal
Intalce water separator 1 !ff!ueat SeJi!arator 2 !tfluent UflueDt
4 BeAzene liD 0(100) 0(100) liD
~3 Chlorofozm 10 10
31 Ethylbella-
44 Methylue c:Aloride
86 Toluene
liD
~
Ill)
0(l00)b
0(100)
G(lOOI
0(&001
50
G(l00)
:b
liD
liD
Refinert Me
Intalce Water DAP !ft!.1ent PiD&l Effluent

:lODZue ub ud lld
6 Carbon tetrachloride ~~i 10)
~
D(L 101 d
23 Cblorofozm D(L 10ld
44 Methylene c:llloride 91 liOd D(L 10)
86 Toluene D(L 10) D(L 10) D(L 101
RefineFY 1ta
IntaJce Water Cbem.P!&Dt lfflueDt Separator !ff1ueat PiD&l !fflueDt
.4 lleAaeDe liD 90 0(100) •4
23 Cblorofozm Ill) 10 15 liD
38 lthyl..beu- N'O 20 G(100)b ~(l00)b
44 MethyleDe cAloddlf G(lOO)b G(lOO)b G(lOOib "'
86 Tol- N'O G(lOOI G(1001 35
a.t&a•!% 2c
IntaJce Water DAP !f!;!,ueDt !'&!!!:!. !tf;j.ueDt
4 llellaue liD DCL lO)b DCL 101:
6 Ca%DCID tetrac:mloride D(L lOJ liD Dla 10)
23 Cblorofozm 55 13 324
44 Methylene c:bloride 130
~b
liD
86 Toluene D(L 10) u
Refinery ,c
Illtake Water Sepa£ator §ff!ueat Pinal Eff;!,u-t
4 a-zene D(L lOlb 1,l00b D(L 101:
6 CazDoll tetrac:Aloride HI) Ill) D(t. 10)
15 1,1,2.~-Tetraahloroethalle D(L 101 4 D(t. lO)b
23 Chloroform D(L 101 ?oob D(L 101
30 1,2-trana-DicAloroetbylene 11 ND ND
38 !thylbellzene N'O 28 liD
44 Metby1ene chloride ND l,&oob 4l
85 Tetrac:AloroetllyleDe D(L 10) liD N'O
86 Toluene D(L 101 655 liD
87 Tric:Aloroetbylene D(L 101 ND D(L 101
B-10
Refinery g•
Intake Water Separator Effluent Pinal Effluent
4 BUieM D(L ll ND
23
44
48
Chloroform
Methylene chloride
Dicblorobromameth&fte
:s
ND
~
ND
86 'l'olueaa ND ND
Volatile orqaaic compounds not liatad tor a refinery were not detected in samples
taken at that refinery.
ND - Compound was not detected.
D(Lxl - Compound was detected at same concentration leas than x, but the concentration
could not be qu&lltified.
G (xl - ccmpound vu detected at a level qreater than x.
a) Midwest Research Institute conducted the &DalY••• for volatile orqanic compounds
in samples from RefiD,ries A, D, I, P, L, H. s.. Reference Ho. 149.
b) Compound was detected in sample blank.
c) NOS Corporation conducted the analyses for volatile orc;anic: compounds in samples
from Refineries B, H, l, K, o, P.
d) Compound waa detected at a greater level in sample blank than in sample.
el Gulf SOuth Research Institute con4uctecl the ~yses for volatile orc;anic
compounds in samples froa Refineries C, G, I, Q. 'rbese data re~resat results
from one-time qrab samples collected durinq revisits to these refineries.
Additional suaplinq wu necessary because the illitial volatile orqanic reaults
h&ci bee conaiclerad invalid due to i.Dipro~r analytical techniques. Since the
revisit to Refinery J was conducted by an UA r8CJional surveillance and analysis
suaplinq tau, the results are not presented in this table •
•
f) Concentrations presented are for QDPreserved/preservad samples.
B-11
TASLE 8-3 Page 1 of 5
AHAL'lt'l'ICAL REStJI/l'S FOR PRIORI'l'Y POLLO'l'ANTS
FOR 'rilE RS:attt. ANti B5R SAMPLING PROGRAM
QM:rypt.A'liLE OBGAlfiCS !CQNCMM'fiONS. nq/1)
Refir.orr Aa
comeounci Intake Water Separator Effluentb
Base • Neutral Extractable&
1 Acenaphthene ND 37 ND
55 Naphthalene ND 68 ND
77 Acenaphthy1ene ND 4 ND
81 Phenanthrene/78 Anthracene 0 O(LO.ll 5 ND
68 Di•n•butyl phthalate 0.2 1.3 0.7
70 Oiethyl phthalate ND 12 ND
Acid Extractable&
65 Phenol ND lJ ND
Refinery ad
Intake Water OAP Effluent Final Effluent
Base-Neutral Extractable• ND ND ND
Acid &xtractab1es
22 Parachlor~ta cresol ND ND 0 (L 10)
34 2,4 - Oimethy1phenol ND 10,000 0 (L 10)
58 4- Nitrophenol ND ND 0 (L 10)
65 Phenol ND ND e 0 (L 10)
Refine;y C•1
Intalca Separator 'l'reated Final
!!U£... Effluent Effluent Effluent
Base-Neutral Extractable&
55 Napl\tha1ene ND 950 ND ND
81 Phenanthren.e/78 Anthracene ND 190 ND ND
66 Bis(2•ethyl.heXyll phthalate 150 290 900 310
Acid Extractable&
65 Phenol 2200 ND ND
Final Effluent
Base-Neutral Extractable& ND
Acid Extractable& ND
Refinery o•
Intake Water Separator Effluentg Final Effluent
Base-Neutral Extractable&
39 Fluoranthene ND 3 NO
55 Napl\thalene 2 190 NO
73 Sanzo (a) pyrene ND ND 3
76 Chrysene ND O.l 1.4
81 Phenanthrene/78 Anthracene 0 D(LO.ll 140 NO
84 Pyrena ND ll 7
Acid Extractables NO ND ND
B-12
RefineD: !a
IntaJce Water OAF Effluentb Final Effluent Final Effluenth
Base-Neutral Extractables
1 Acenaphthene 1.8 150 NO NO
25 1,2-0ichlorobenzene O(I.O.S) NO NO NO
27 1,4-0ichlorobenzene 0 (I.O. 5) NO NO NO
39 Fluoranthene 0(I.0.2) NO NO NO
55 Naphthalene NJ) 106 NO NO
76 Chrysene ND 0.3 D(I.O.l) NO
80 Fluorene ND 110 NO ND
81 Phenant!u:ene/78 Ant!u=acenec ND so NO D(LO.l)
84 Pyrena O(I.O.l) 5 O(LO.S) O(L0.5)
68 Di-n-butyl phthalate 0.4 NO NO NO
Acid Extractable&
34 2,4-Dimethylphenol ND G(100) NO NO
65 Phenol NO G(lOO) NO NO
Ratineq ,a
Intake Wateri Cooling Tower Blcx·tdownb Final Effluent
Base-Neutral Extractablea
39 Fluoranthene 29 NO NO
73 Benzo (a) pyrene 33 10 1.3
76 Chrysene 49 7 0.8
9l Phenanthrene/7 8 Anthracenec 160 2 NO
84 Pyrena 140 10 ND
Acid !xtractables ND ND ND
Retineq G-le
Intake Water Se2arator Effluent OAF Effluent Final Effluent
Base-Neutral Extractab~
39 Fluoranthene/~4 Pyrena NO 40 NO NO
55 Naphthalene NO 1100 700 NO
76 Chrysene/72 Benzo (a) NO 40 NO NO
Ant!u=acene
81 Phenanthrene/78 Anthracene NO 1100 600 NO
66 Bis (2-ethylhexyllphthalate 1100 700 1100 850
Acid Extracta.bles
65 Phenol 10 4900 2400
Refine£{: G-2f
Final Effluent
Base-Neutral Extracta.bles
70 Diethyl phthalate 1
Acid Extracta.bles NO
Refineq Hd
Intake Water Separator Effluent Final Effluent
66 Bis(2-ethylhexyllphthalate NO NO D (L 10)
Acid Extractables
31 2,4-0ichlorophenol NO NO 10
34 2,4-0imethylphenol NO 175 NO
65 !'henol NO 440 NO
B-13
Refinery I•le
aaae-Neutral Extractable•
55 Naphthalene • ND 290 NO
66 Bia(Z-athylhexyllphthalate 950 300 600
68 Di-n-butyl phthalate 30 ND 10
Acid Extractablea
65 Phenol ND 390 ND
Refin•!:I I-2f
Final !:fluent
Saae-Neutral Extractable ND
Acid Extractable MD
Retin•!:I J-
Intake water Separator l Separator 2 Separator 3
Efnuet Eff~uent Effluent
Base-Neutral Extractable•
l Acenaphthene ND MD ND MD
39 Pluoranthene/84 Pyrena MD 30 MD ND
55 Napllthal•• ND ND 350 ND
76 Chryseae/72 Benzo (a) ND 30 30 so
anthracene
8l Phenanthrene/78 Allthracene MD 30 90 ND
80 Pluoreae ND ND ND ND
66 lia(Z-ethylhexyl)phthalate llO 180 300 50
70 Diethyl phthalate MD ND ND ND
71 DtD&thyl phthalate ND ND ND ND
Acid Extractable•
34 2,4-Dimethylphanol ND ND ND ND
64 Pentachlorophenol ND ND ND ND
65 Phenol ND uo 160 ND
Refill!£~!: J. !continued)
Separator 4 Separator 5 Bio-Pond Final
Effluent Eff:J:uent I~luent Ef,luent
laae-Neutral Extractable•
1 Acenaphthene so ND ND ND
39 Pluoranthene/84 Pyrena zo ND ND !fD
55 Naphthalene ND ND ND ND
76 Chrysene/72 Senzo(a)antbracena 40 ND ND ND
8l Phenantbrene/78 Allthracene 230 ND ND ND
80 Fluorene 80 ND ND ND
66 lia(2-ethylhexyllphtbalate 600 ND 210 190
70 Diethyl phthalate ND ND ND 30
71 Dimethyl phthalate ND ND ND 3
Acid Extractable•
34 2,4-Dtm.thylphenol 6SO ND 750 ~D
64 Pentachlorophenol 850 ND ND ND
65 Phenol 16,000 ND G(l2,000) ND
Refinea ltd
Intake Water Separator Effluent !'inal Effluent
ND ND ND
Acid Extractable•
24 2-chlorophenol ND 315 ND
34 2,4-Dimethylphenol ND 1,150 ND
58 4-Nitrophenol ND 5,800 !{D
59 2, 4-Dini trophenol ND 11,000 NO
65 Phenol ND lOS ND
B-14
TABLE- B-3 Page 4 of 5
Refinery L4
Intake Separator 19' Separator 29' Final
~ Effluent !:!!fluent Effluent
Baae-Neutral Extractable&
l Acenapbthene 29 Ntl 3,000 6
39 l"luoranthene 0.2 Ntl 9 D(I.O.l)
55 Naphthalene l 500 280 O.l
76 Chryaene Ntl 20 2 0.3
77 Acenaphthylene 0.2 ND ND ND
so Fluorene l 270 300 NO
81 Phenanthrene/78 Anthracene c l 230 ND l
84 Pyrena 0.3 ND 7 D(I.O.l)
Acid Extractable•
34 2,4-Dtm.tbylphenol ND G(100) G(l00) Ntl
65 Phenol ND G(100) G(l00) NO
Intake Water OAF Effluent Final Effluent

Base-Neutral !xtract&b1ea Ntl
Acid Extractable&
22 Parachlorometa creao1 NO NO 10
34 2,4-Dimethylphenol ND 18,300 NO
58 4•NitrOphenol NO 1,400 NO
59 2,4-Dinitrophenol NO 2,660 Ntl
65 Phenol D(L lO) 33,500 D(L 10)
Refinery N4
Intake CU.. Plallt Se{l&3:atorg Final
!!!!£. Effluent !:I!:fluent Effluent
Baae-Neutral Extractable&
l Acenaphtbene NO NO 522 NO
39 F1uorantbene liD liD 8 NO
55 Naph~ene liD 27 302 Ntl
76 Chryaene liD D(I.O.ll 6 ND
77 Acenaphthylene NO ND 87 NO
81 Phenanthrene/78 Anthracenec !Q) l 140 NO
84 Pyrena NO l 16 !Q)
Acid !xtractablea
22 Pa~chlorOBeta c~esol NO 10 ND ND
34 2,4-Dimethylphenol NO G(lOOl 71 Ntl
65 Phenol ND 40 G(1001 NO
Refinery od
rntaJce Water OAF Effluent Final Effluent
aa ..-Neutral Ex~actablea
l Acenaphthene NO 390 NO
39 Fluoranthene NO NO NO
54 Iaophorone NO 2,500 NO
55 Naphthalene NO 3,750 NO
68 Di-n-butyl phthalate m tm NO
71 Dimetby~ phthalate NO NO NO
76 Chryaene NO NO NO
77 Acenaphthylene NO 530 NO
78 Anthracene Ntl 1,750 NO
80 Fluorene NO 495 NO
81 Phenanthrene NO 1,750 NO
84 Pyrena NO Ntl NO
Acid Extractable•
34 2,4-Dimethylphanol tm 2,000 NO
65 Phenol NO 1,900 NO
B-15
Refinery Pd
I:nta.ke Water Separator Effluent Final Effluent
Base-Neutral Extractable•
1 Acenaphthene NO 315 NO
54 I•ophorone NO 3,550 NO
55 Naphthalene NO 3,200 NO
77 Acenaphthy1ene NO 665 ND
78 Anthracene NO 660 ND
91 Phenanthrene NO 660 ND
Acid Extractable&
57 2-Nitrophenol 0 (L 10) 1,350 ND
58 4-Nitropnenol 0 (t. 10) 20 NO
59 2,4-0initrophenol ND 110 NO
60 4,6-0initro-o-cresol NO 60 NO
8
Refinery 0-1
Intake Water Separtor Effluent Final !!!!fluent
66 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1,100 320 2,000
68 Di-n-butyl phthalate 20 NO NO
71 Dimethyl phthalate 20 NO NO
65 Phenol 10 60 NO
t'.efinery 0-2f
Final Effluent
70 Diethyl phthalate l
Acid Extractables NO
~·
Semivolatile organic compounds not listed for a refinery were not detected in samples taken
at that refinery.
NO - Compdund waa not detected.
O(LXl - compound was detected at same concentration leas tban X, out the concentration could
not be quantified.
G(X) - Compound was detected at a level greater than x.
(a) Midwest Research I:nstitute conducted the analyses for semivolatile organic compounds in
samples from Refineries A,o,E,!',t.,N. s . . Refarence No. 149.
(b) Base-neutral extract was diluted 1:10 before analysis.
(c) Concentration• represent SUIIIII for these two compounds which elute simultaneously and
have the same 111ajor ions for GC/MS.
(d) NOS Corporat~on conducted the analyses for s..tvolatile organic compounds in samples
from Refiner~•• B, H, K, M, 0, P.
(e) Ryckman, Edgerley, Tomlinson ' Associates and Gulf South Research Institute conducted
the analyses for semivolatile organic compounds 4ft samples fraa Refineries C,G,I,J,Q.
(f) Gulf South Research Institute conducted the analyses for semivolatile organic compounds
in additional samples from Refineries C,G,I,Q. These data represent results from one-
time qra.b samples collected during revisits to these refineries. Since the revisit to
Refinery J was conducted by an EPA reqional surveillance and analysis sampling team, the
results are not presented in this table.
(g) Both acidic and base-neutral extracts were diluted 1:10 before analysis.
(h) 'l'his sample was stored for 6 weeks prior to extraction for base-neutral and acidic
organ~c compounds.
(i) Base-neutral extract was diluted 1:5 before analysis.
B-16
ANALlrl'ICAL RESUt.TS POR PRIORITY POLLU'l'AN"l'S
POR TBE RSKERI. AND B'R SAMPLING PROGRAM

PESTICIDES (CONCEN'rRATIONS, uq/1)
Refinery Aa
C911!1!0Upd. Intake Water Separator Effluent Pinal Effluent
109 PO-ll39 ND 0.9
Refinery ab
Int!Js! Water DAr Effluent Pinal Effluent
1
94 4,4 -DDD NO D(L 5) ND
97 ElldoeuJ.fan sUlfate NO D(L 5) NO
100 Heptacblor NO D(L 5) D(L 5)
103 b-BBC-Beta ND D(L 5) O(L Sl
104 r-BifC-G- ND O(L 5) ND
106 P0-1242 ND 0 (L 10) O(L 10)
107 PO-l254 ND OIL lOl O(L 101
108 PO-l22l ND D(L 10) O(t. 10)
109 PO-l232 NO O(L 10) O(L 10)
llO P0-1248 NO O(L 101 O(L 10)
1ll PCB-ll&O ND D(L 10) O(L 101
ll2 P0-1011 ND O(L 10) O(L 101
Refinery ca
Separator Treated Final
Effluent Effluent Effluent
Peetic:l.das ND
Refinery oa
106 PC.I-1242 NO 1.1 ND
108 P0-1221 ND NO O(L 5)
Refinery Ea
Intakt Water DAr Effluent Final Eftluent
101 PCB-l242 0.2
!!!finery r•
Intake Water Coolin9 Tower Blowdown Pinal Effluent
9l Chlordane 2.8 ND NO
103 b-asc-a.ta NO 0.7 NO
108 Pds-1221 NO 0.1 NO
Refinery G4
IAtalce Separator OAF Final
~ !ff~ Effluent !!fluent
95 a-Endoaulfan-A1pba ND ND 0.1 ND
106 P<:B-l242 ND o.s o.s NO
109 PCB-l232 ND !11) 3,5 NO
ll2 PCB-1016 ND 1.8 7.9 ND
Refinery ab
89 A1d;in liD O(L 51 !ll)
93 4,4 -DDE ND 7 !ll)
105 q-BHC-De1ta !ll) O(L 5) !ll)
106 P<:B-1242 !ll) O(L 10) O(L 10)
107 PCB-l254 ND O(L 10) D(L 10)
108 P<:B-1221 !ll) O(L 10) D(L 10)
109 PCB-1232 NO O(L 10) D(L 10)
110 P<:B-1248 NO O(L 10) D(L 10)
lll PCB-l260 NO O(L 10) D(L 10)
112 PCB-1016 NO O(L 10) D (L 10)
B-17
Refinery I 4
Pesticides ND ND
Intake- Separator 1 Separator 2 Separator 3

!!!!£ Effluent Effluent Effluent
1.06 V<:Z-ll~l NI) ND o.s N1)
109 PCB-1232 ND ND o.s N1)
l12 PCB-1016 ND ND 0.2 N1)
4
Refinery J (continuedl
Separator 4 Separator S Bio-Pond Final
Ef:fluent Effluent Influent Effluent
106 PCB-1242 ND ND 0.1 ND
109 PCB-1232 ND ND ND NO
ll2 PCB-1016 ND ND ND N1)
Refinery 'I!'
Intake Water Separator Effluent !"inal Effluent
101 Heptachlor epoxide ND D(L 5) NO
106 PCB-1242 ND D(L 10) O(L 10)
107 P<:B-1254 ND D(L 10) O(L 10)
108 PCB-1221 ND D(L 10) O(L 10)
109 P0-123- ND D(L 10) D(L 10)
110 PCB-1248 ND D(L 10) O(L 10)
111 PCB-1260 ND D(L 10) O(L 101
ll2 PCB-1016 ND D(L 10) D(L 10)
Refinery L 4
Intake Separator 1 Separator 2 Final
Water Effluent Effluent Effluent
1.06 PCB-1.242 0.2 5.2 ND NO
Refinery Ill'
Intake Water 0117 Effluent Ftna1 Effluent
106 PCB-1242 ND D(L 101 O(L 10)
107 • PCB-1254 ND D(L 101 O(L 10)
108 PCB-l22l. ND D(L 101 D(L 10)
109 PCB-1232 NO D(L lOl D(L 10)
llO PCB-1249 ND OIL lOI O(L 101
111 PCB-1260 ND D(L 101 D(L 10)
112 PCB-1016 ND D(L 10) O(L lOl
Refinery N"
Chemical P 1ant Separator Fina...

Effluent Effluent Effluent
101 Heptachlor apoxide ND 4.6 ND NO
109 PC:S-1221 ND NO 0.1 NO
109 PCB-1232 ND O.l 0.5 NO
112 PCB-1016 ND l.J 1.9 tiD
Refinery o0
Intake Water OAF Effluent Final Effluent
102 a-BHC-!Upha ND D(L 10)
Refinery ~
99 Aldrin ND 12 NO
96 b-Endosulfan-Beta NO D NO
100 Heptachlor NO D(L Sl NO
103 b-BHC-Beta NO D(L 5) NO
lOS q-BHC-Delta NO 12 NO
B-18
4
Retinerx 9
ND ND ND
Pesticide compounds not listed for a refinery were not detected in samples
taken at that refinery.
NO-compound was not detected.
D(Lx) -compound was detected at some concentration less than x, but the
concentration could not be quantified.
a) Ryckman, Ed9erley, Taalinaon and Aaaociates conducted the ana~yses for
pesticide compounds in samples from Refineries A,C,D,E,P,G,I,J,L,N,Q. Since
theM results h&ve not been verified by GC/MS, the reported identifications
must be considered tentative.
b >NUS Corporation conducted the &nalysea tor pesticide compounds in samples
tram Refineries B,S,X,M,O,P.
B-19
AHALY"l''CAL RISOUS !'OR PRIORl'l'f POLt.ll'l'AN'l'S
FOR THE RS1CPI. AND B&R SAMP!.ING P'IIOGliAM
crANIDE, PIIE!IOLICS, MUCURY coNCENTIWriONS , !!!ll/1 )
a
S!!!Ji!1e-Oai !:£ Cya!Uda Phenolics ~
Rafinuy A
InUke-1 2 r..o11:1 r..010
InUke-l l .0001
InUke-2 2 r..01 r..010
InUke-2 1 .0001
InUke-3 2 r..01 r..o11
Intalte-3 l .0001
InUke-CCJIIIliOai ta 2 L.0005
Intak.-.::capoaita 1 .0001
Separator attluent-1 2 .os r..52
Separator aff1uant-l l .0002
Separator affluant-2 2 .06 .l~
separator etfluent-2 1 .0002
separator effluent-3 2 .04 .lS
Separator effluant-3 1
separator effluant•co.poaita 2 r..ooos
Separator eff1uent-caapoaita 1 .0008
Final ettluant•l 2 L.03 L.02l
Final effluant•l 1 .0002
!'iAal aU1uant-2 2 r..ol .010
Final etfluant-2 1 .0002
Final affluent- 3 2 r..ol L.Oll
Final eftluant-3 1 .0002
Final eftluant•CQIIPOSita 2 r..ooos
Final etfluent-CCJIIIliOaita 1 .0003
.Refinery a
Int:Jke-1 2 r..02 I..010
Intalca-2 2 t..02 r..oos
InUke-3 2 r..02 r..oos
In'!alte-CCJIIIliOai ta 2 L.OOOS
OAI' affluant•l 2 .04 32.
OAI' effluant-2 2 .OS 34.
OAF effluent-3 2 • 04 22 •
OAI' etfluant-CCJIIIliOSita 2 r..ooos
Final ettluent-1 2 r..o:z .064
Final effluent-2 2 r..o:z .048
Final effl~W~~t-3 2 r..02 .045
Final atf1uent•cempoaita 2 r..ooos
B-20
Sa!!!P1a-Daya ~ 9yanide Phenolics ~
Refinuy cc
ID.talta-1 1 .0014
I.dtalta-1 l L.01 .004 .0010
ID.talta-2 1 .0016
Intalca-2 3 r..01 .006 .0060
Int&lca-3 1 .0013
Intalta-3 3 r..01 .004 .0010
Intalce-c:ompoaita 1 .0013
Separator affluant-1 1 .oou
Separator aftJ.uent-1 3 1.1 u. L.0010
Sapuator atflu.nt-2 1 .oou
Saparato~ aff1ueat-2 3 .u 3.2 .0060
Separator etfluant-3 1 .0015
Saparato~ aff1u.nt-3 3 .07 1.6 .0020
Saparato~ effluent-3 3 .07 1.4 .0050
Separator affluant-3 3 .0780
Saparato~ aff1u.nt-coa;oaita 1 .0012
Treated eff1u.at-1 1 .0008
~ated affluent-1 3 .u I..001 .0020
Treated etflueat-1 3 .0006
Traated effluent-2 l .0010
~ted aff1uant-2 3 .11 .ou .0050
Treated aff1uaat-2 3 .016
Treated eff1uent-3 1 .0010
Treated eff1uaDt-3 3 .oa r..OOl. .0090
~ated aff1ueat-3 3 .0060
~reated efflu.at-campoaite 1 .0012
Final effluent-!. l .oou
!'inll affluent-!. 3 .03 .002 .0010
!'inal effluent-2 1 .0014
Final effluent-2 3 .05 .006 .0010
!'in&l effluant-2 3 .04
!'in&l afUu.at-3 l .0013
Final efflu.nt-3 3 .06 .002 .0060
!'inal affluent-ccmpoaite 1 .0013
Intalca-4 3 L.02 L.0001
Separator effluent-4 3 r..o::z I..0004
Treated aff1uant-4 3 .05 I..0002
Final eff1uaat-4 3 .07 .0005
Refinery o
Intalca-1 2 L.02
Intaka-l l .0001
ID.ealca-2 2 r..02
Ineake-2 1 .0002
B-21
TA8t.E B-S Page 3 of lO
a C}ranida PhenoUc:•
S!!!!i!le-Dai ~ ~
aatinuy o (Cont. l
Intake-3 ~ r..c~ 0.~3
:tntake-3 1 .0001
:tntake-compodte ~ r..aoos
In~-saosit. l .coo~
Dlll' eftluent-1 2 .as 3.7
DAl" eftluent-1 1 .0002
Dlll' etfluent-2 2 .06 5.1
OAF effluent-2 1 .0001
OAF effluent-3 2 .04 a. a
DAl" effluent-3 1 .aao2
OAF effluent-c:a.poe~te 2 r..ooos
DAl" etfluent-campo•~te 1 t..OOOl
l!'in&l etfluent-1 2 .03
l!'in&l effluent-1 1 .0002
Final efflu.at-2 2 .03
Final effluent-2 1 .0002
Final effluent-3 2 t..02
l!'inal effluent-3 1 .aoo2
Final efflueat-c:-sao•ite 2 r..aoos
Final effluent~aite 1 .0002
aafineey E
:tntake-1 2 .OJ t..au
Intak-1 1 t..OOOl
:tntake-2 2 t..Ol .015
Intake-2 1 1..0001
Intak-3 2 1..03 t..OlO
:tntalle-3 1 1..0001
:tn~nte 2 r..aoos
:tntake-CCIII(IOSit. 1 t..0001
OAF effluent-1 2 t..Ol 6.8
DAl" etfluent-1 1 I..0001
DAl" etfluent-2 2 I.. OJ 9.9
DAl" etfluent-2 1 1..0001
Dlll' effluent-3 2 t..Ol u.o
DAl" effluent-3 1 t..OOOl
OAF etfluent-c:ompo•ite 2 t..ooos
DAl" effluent-compo•~ta l t..0001
l!'inal effl.nent-1 2 t..Ol .au
Final effluent-2 2 I..O.l .all
Final effluent-2 1 t..OOOl
Final ef.fluent-3 2 t..OJ t..OlO
Final effluent-3 1 .COOl
Final effluent-c:-saoute 2 t..ooos
Final effluent-composite 1 .0001
B-22
TABLE s~s Page 4 of 10
4
s-o1e-Dax ~ cyani.de PhenoUca .!!!!S!!a
Refinery F
Illtake-l 2 L.03 .21
Illtake-1 1 .0002
Illtake-2 2 L.Ol .21
Illtake-2 1 .0007
Illt.te-3 2 L.03 .21
Illtake-3 1 .0009
Illtaktt-<:OIIIWC8ite 2 L.ooos
IJltMe-<IC11115108ite 1 .0006
Coolinq tower blowdawla-1 2 .52 .037
Coolinq tower bl.owdown-1 1 .0004
Coolinq tower b1owdawn-2 2 .83 .041
Coolinq tower bl.owdown-2 1 .0005
Coolinq tower blowdowD-3 2 .83 .057
Coolinq tCNU" blOM:Iawn-3 1 .0007
Coo.llllq tower blowdawn :a.;oaite 2 L.OOOS
Coolinq tCNU" blcMiowft-compoaite 1 .ooos
Final efUuant-1 2 .06 .022
FiA&l effluant-1 1 .OOOJ
Final effluant-2 2 .07 .024
Final effluant-2 1 .OOOJ
Final effluant-3 1 .OOOJ
Final effluant~aite 2 L.OOOS
Final effluent-co.poaite 1 .0004
Rafinery Gc
Ill~l 1 .0013
IJltMe-l 3 L.Ol .010 .0005
Illt.te-2 1 .oou
Illtake-2 3 L.01 L.001 .0004
tnt.te-3 1 .0023
IntMe-3 3 L.01 .oo8 L.OOOS
tnteke-ocmpoaite 1 .ooo8
Sepazat~ effluent-1 1 .0017
separator effiuent-1 3 1.2 23. L.OOOl
Sepazat~ effluant-1 3 1.2 24.
Separator efflueDt-2 1 .0009
Separator etf1U&Bt-2 3 1.2 25. L.OOOl
separator elfluant-3 1 .0018
separator etf1uent-3 3 1.5 23. .0002
separator effluent-oom;oaite 1 .0003
OAI' etfluent-l l .0011
OAF eftluent-1 3 1.9 22. L.0002
OAE etfluent-2 l .0011
OAF et:l!luent-2 3 2.0 26. .0005
B-23
TABLE- B-5 Page 5 of 10
4
S-le-Day !::!!!. cyuU.a PbeftoUcs ~
aafineey G (Cont. l
OAF effluent~l 1 .0010
OAF etfluent•l 3 3.0 22. .0010
OAF etflueut-cc.poaite l .0003
Final effluant-1 l .0008
Final effluant-1 3 .09 .a.7 .0010
Final eff1uent•1 3 .0007
Final effluant-2 1 .0018
Final effluant-2 3 .07 .020 t..0002
Final effluant-2 l .09
Pinal effluant•l l .0008
Final eff1uant-l l .30 .032 .0005
Pinal efflueot-<:OIIIPO&i te l .0004
IAtake-4 3 t..02
Separator eff1uant~4 3 .60
OAF effluut•4 3 .ll
Final effluant-4 3 .17
aafinary a
IAtake-1 2 r..o2 .Oll
In.take-2 2 r..o2 r..oo5
IAtake-3 2 t..02 r..oo5
I:ltakrccqiOtlite :z ,I..OOOS
Separator effluant-1 2 .16 2.3
Separator effluent-2 2 .07 2.2
Separator effluant•l 2 .08 1..9
Separator eff1uant•oompo8ite 2 t..ooo5
Final effluant-1 2 .02 t..010
Final eff1u-t-2 2 .01 .010
Final effluant-ccaposite 2 t..ooo5
Mfineey I
Intake-1 1 .OOl.l
IAtake-1 3 L.005 L.OOl. .0007
In.take-2 l .oou
Intake-2 3 L.OOS L.OOl .0005
Intake•3 1 .0014
Intake-3 3 L.005 .004 .0007
Separator affluent-!. 1 .0012
separator effluant-l 3 .010 6.0 t..0002
Separator effluant•l 3 5.6 t..0002
Separator effluent-2 1 .0028
Separator effluent-2 3 .015 4.4 .0008
Separator effluent~3 1 .oou
Separator effluent~3 3 L.OOS s.o .0008
B-24
tABLE. B-5 Page 6 of 10
sele-o.y• f:!2. CVanide Phenolics ~
Refinery I (Cont.)
Se~ator effluant•3 3 5.2
Final effluant-l l .0042
Final effluant-l 3 t..oos .018 I..0002
Final effluant-1 3 t..oos
Final ef:fluant-2 1 .0012
Final effluant-2 3 r..oos .014 r..ooo2
Final effl1Wit•2 3 r..oos
Final effluant-3 3 r..oos .012 .0010
Rafinuy J
Intake-l l .0007
Intake-1 3 .01 .017 .0001
Intake-l 3 .0004
Intake-2 1 .0009
Intake-2 3 .01 .024 .0002
Intalce-3 l .0019
Intake-3 3 t..Ol .002 .0020
Intake-3 3 .0070
Intalce-3 3 .0070
In~dte l .ooos
Sepuator-l efflueat-l l .0001
separator•l effluant-1 3 .01 1.0 .0030
S.puator-1 eflluant-2 l .0012
sepuator-1 effluant-2 3 .01 l.O t..OOOl
S.puator•1 efllueat-2 3 .01
S.puator-l eflluant-3 l .0012
Sepuator-l effluant-3 3 .01 .2 .0010
S.puator-l eff1uant•compoaite l .coos
S.puator-2 eflluant-l l .0028
Setarator-2 effluent-l 3 .01 l.O .0001
Separator-2 effluent-l 3 1.0
Sepuator-2 effluent-2 l .0016
Sepuator-2 elfluant-2 3 .01 2.0 .0050
Separator-2 effluent-3 l .0003
Sepuator-2 effluant-3 3 .Ol: 2.5 t..0010
Separator-2 eff1ueat-~aite 1 .0006
Separator-3 efflueat•l 1 .0002
Separator-3 effluant-1 3 .01 .690 t..0001
Separator-3 efflueat•l J .5
Se~arator•l eff1uent-2 1 .0006
Separator-3 et.tluent-2 3 .01 1.3 .0010
Separator-3 eff1uant-3 1 .0009
Separator-3 effluant-3 3 .01 .270 .0006
Separator-3 effluent-compos1te l .0010
B-25
lAW: B-5 Page 7 of 10
Seele-oax• ~ CX&Dl.cle Phenolics ~

RefiAezy (CoDt.)
J
Sep~ator-4 efflu.at-1 l .0002
Separator-4 effluent-1 3 .06 9.5 .0002
Separator-4 effluent-2 l .0013
Sepuator-4 effl-t-2 3 .OS 2.0 .ooso
Separator-4 effluent•2 3 :z.o .0070
Sepantor-4 effluent•) 1 .0016
Se~tor-4 efflu.at•l 3 .06- 1.5 .0020
Separator-4 effl-t•l 3 1.5
Separator-4 efflueat--ccmpo.i te 1 .0004
Sepuato~-s effluent-1 1 .0003
Separator-S effluent-1 3 .02 .294 L.OOOl
Separator-S effluent•Z l .0011
Sepantor-5 etfluent•2 3 .02 •.214 .0002
Separator-S etfluent-l 1 .0016
Separator-S effluent•] 3 .0:.1 .246 .0020
Sep~tor-5 efflunt-cc.poaite 1 .0005
Bio-pcad iDflQeftt•1 3 .22 120. .0020
Bio-pond iDflued-2 3 .34 uo. .0060
B1o-pan4 iDfluaat-3 3 .26 83. .0030
Final efflueat•1 1 .0008
Final effl-t-1 3 .01 .008 L.OOOl
Final effluent•2 3 .08 .024 .0060
FiAal ettluent-3 1 .0009
Final effluent-3 3 .08 .002 .0040
Final eftluent•3 3 .08
Final efflu.at-cc.poeite 1 .0005
Ratinezy.!C
Inealul-l 2
Inealui-:Z 2 r..o:z L.OlO
tntake-3 2
Intalce-<:QIIPOaite 2 r..ooos
DAI' efflueat-1 :z
DAI' etflunt•:Z 2 r..02 .1
DU' effluent-3 2
DAI' effluent~aite 2 r..ooos
FiAal efflu.at•l 2
FiAal efflunt•2 2 r..02 .029
FiDal efflueDt-3 2
E'iDal effluent-cc.poaite 2 r..ooos
B-26
S!!IR1e-Oa.y a .!::!:2. Cyanide PhllnOlics ~

Rafineey L
Intake-1 2 L.06 L.010
Intake-1 1 L.0001
Intake-2 2 L.06 t..010
Intake-2 1 .0002
Intake-3 2 L.06 L.010
Intaka-3 1 .0002
Intaka-=-POSi te 2
Intake-coapou te 1 .0002
Separator-1 ef!luent:-1 2 .l9 Sl.
Separat:or-1 effluent:-]. 1 .0014
Separat:oc-l eff1uant:-2 2 • 36 52 •
Separator-1 effluent:-2 1 .0014
Separato~-1 effluant-3 2 .58 61.
Separat:o~-l effluent-3 1 .0008
Separat=-1 effluent-composite 2
Separato~-1 eff1uent:-camposite 1 .OOlS
Separatc~-2 effluant-1 2 .16
Separat:oc-2 eff1uent-l l .0006
Separat:o~-2 effluent-2 2 .21 22.
Separat~-2 eff1uent-2 1 .0004
Separato~-2 eff1uent-3 2 .08 L2.6
Separaeor-2 eff1uent-3 l .0004
Sep~ato~-2 effluant-~aita 2
Separato~-2 eff1uent-campoaita 1 .ooos
l!'inal effluent-1 2 .08 L.OlO
l!'inal effluent-1 l .0003
l!'inal effluent-2 2 .08 .010
!'inal effluent-2 l .0003
l!'inal effluent-3 2 .08 L.OlO
l!'inal' eff1uent-3 l .0003
l!"inal eftluent-a.poaite 2
Final effluent-composite l .0003
Rafineey M
Intake-1 2 I..02 L.010
Intake-2 2 I..02 L.OlO
Intake-3 2 I..02 I..010
Intake-composite 2
DAF eftluent-1 2 .Ol 4.7
OAF effluent-2 2 .02 4.2
OAF effluent-3 2 .03 4.3
DAF effluant-coapos1te 2
Final effl11811t-l 2 I..02 L.OlO
Final effluent-2 2 L.02 L.OlO
Final effluent-3 2 I..02 I..OlO
?~al effluent-composite 2
B-27
T--ABLE B-5 Page 9 of 10
a
S!!I!Ple-Day !:!2. cyanide Ph~olics
~
Refinery N
Intalte-l 2 L.06 L.OlO
Intalte-l l .0002
Intak.e-2 2 I.. OJ I..Oll
Intak.e-2 l .0001
Intalte-3 2 L.06 L.OlO
Inta.lte-3 l .0002
Intake-composite 2 L.OOOS
Intake-composite l .0002
Separator ettluent-l 2 L.06 6.2
Separator effluant-l l .0004
Separator effluent-2 2 .04 6.5
separator etfluant-2 l .0006
s~aeor effluant-3 2 r..06 4.7
separator e:f!luent-3 l .0004
separator e!fluant-ccmpoaite 2 L.OOOS
Separator efflu~t-composite l .ooos
Cbea pl.nt effluent-l 2 L.06 L.260
Chem plant etfluent-l l L.OOOl
Cbea plant et:fluant-2 2 L.Ol .073
Cbea pl.nt effluant-2 l .0004
Cbea plant etfluant-3 2 L.06 .074
Ch- plant etfluent-3 l .0002
Cham plant etfluant~aite 2 L.OOOS
Ch- plant effluant-c.:.poaite l .0002
Final effluent-l 2 L.06 L.OlS
Final effluant-l l .0004
Final etfluant-2 2 L.Ol L.Oll
Finu affluent-2 l .0002
Final effluent-3 2 r..06
Final effl.uent-3 l .0001
Final eff1u~t-compoeite 2 L.OOOS
Final effl.uant-campoeite l .0001
Refinery o
Intalta-l 2 L.02 L.Ol.O
Intalte-2 2 L.02 I..OOS
Inta.lte-3 2 L.02 t..oos
Inta.lte-compoa:a.te 2 L.OOOS
OAF effluent-l 2 .21. l l.
OAF etfluent-2 2 • 16 lO.
OAF etfluent-3 2 .lJ u.
OAF effluent-composite 2 L.OOOS
Final effl.uent-l 2 L.03 .052
Final effluent-2 2 L.03 .049
Final effluent-3 2 I.. OJ .036
Final affl.uent-compos:a.~e 2 L.OOOS
B-28
s!!!2Le-D&xa ~ CV&IU.de Phenolics !!!£SSX.
llaf~y p
Intllke-1 2 I..03 I..OlO
Intalte-2 2 t..o:z I..OOS
Incalce-3 2 r..o:z r..oos
Incalce-c:a.poaite 2 r..ooos
Separator eff1uant-l 2 .09 106.
Separator eff1lllellt•:Z 2 .06
Separator eff1ueDt-3 2 .04 29.
Separator efflueDt-c:a.poaite . 2 r..ooos
Fiftal eff1u.ot•1 2 I.. OJ .012
F1zl.al eU1-t•2 2 I..03 .ou
rlAal. effluant•3 2 t..03 .010
F1zl.al eff1ueat-~aite 2 r..ooos
Mfiftuy o.c
Incalce-1 1 .0021
Incalce-1 3 t..Ol t..OOl
Incalce-2 1 .0012
Incalce-2 3 .o:z .004 .0010
Incalce-3 l .0034
Intaa-l 3 I..Ol .010 .0060
Separator eff1uent-1 l .0002
Separator efflQUt-1 3 t..Ol .102 .0060
Separator eUlueDt•1 3 .UJ
laptrator effluut-2 1 .0003
Separator eff1ueDt-2 3 t..Ol. .U6 I..0002
Separator efflQ&ftt•3 1 .0003
'Sepuator afflu.nt-3 3 .OJ .ua r..0002
F1Dal effluect-1 l .0003
FinU effluant-1 3 r..Ol .016 .0060
Final eftl-t•1 3 t..Ol .0120
Pinal efflQUt•l 3 .0002
Final effl1lellt•2 1 .0003
Final eftllllellt•2 3 .32 .018 .0020
Final effl1lellt•2 3 .32 .018 L.0002
Pinal eftlQUt-3 1 .0008
Pinal effluant-3 3 .01 .014 I..0002
Intake-4 3 r..oz L.0001
Separator efflQUt•4 3 r..02 r..ooo:.
Pinal eftllliellt•4 3 r..o2 L.OOOl
Notes: (&I If a value ,.. not listed for a ,ilarticul.ar sa.ple location anci tilDe,
thu the indicated 1&Doratory dici not teat that •&IIPle for the
spacifiaci ,i10llutant.
(b) r.- 1••• than.
(C) Grab SU~Plea collecteci aurinq revisits to Rafuar:~.ea c, G, Q are
inc:licataci u Day 4.
Labs: 1· - E:PA Raqion v I.aboratory.

2 - Robert s. tt.rr !nviro11Mntal Raaeuc:h r.&Doratory, E:PA
3 - Ryclalan, Eciqerley, TOIIIl.inson anci Associates.
B-29
TABLE: B-6 Page 1 of 6
Concant:ration !!!!ll!
!!!IJ.e-0aY a !=!l !i. !!. ~ s:. £! !!!. !!!. ~ !!. ~ !!. !!
a.tiziUY A
I•l l r.a5 x.:z x.:zo X.:Z4 I.4 r.so L60 3l
t-~ 1 x.:zs x.:z x.:zo X.:Z4 I.4 r.so L60 45
1•3 l x.:zs x.:z x.:zo X.:Z4 I.4 1:.50 L60 6a
I•Ca.poa:l.te l x.:zs x.:z x.:zo X.:Z4 I.4 1:.50 L60 43
I•Ccllpoa:l.ta 2 I.S L3 rJ. I.S I.5 w rJ.5 1:.10 1:.10 t.:Z5 1:.10 r.a5
D-1 l X.:Z5 x.:z L:!O X.:Z4 26 r.so 147 253
SB-2 1 X.:Z5 x.:z x.:zo X.:Z4 23 r.so 109 239
SJ:•l 1 x.:zs x.:z X.:ZO l220 39 1:.50 224 329
DoC l x.:zs x.:z r.zo 30 23 1:.50 ll4 272
n-c 2 I.5 L3 t.l 32 17 23 64 220 l2 t.:Z5 1:.10 w
R-1 1 X.:Z5 x.:z .t.20 t.24 I.4 I.SO 1.60 64
n:-2 1 X.:Z5 x.:z t.20 t.24 I.4 1:.50 1.60 65
n:-3 1 x.:zs x.:z X.:ZO X.:Z4 6 1:.50 L60 77
n-c 1 X.:Z5 x.:z x.:zo X.:Z4 5 I.50 L60 5l
n:-c 2 I.S L3 rJ. 5 I.S rJ.5 rJ.5 30 1:.10 r.a5 1:.10 w
a.tiziUY.
t•L 1 rJ. rJ. x.:z 30 30 6 60 t.60
t-2 1 rJ. I.l. x.:z 30 20 6 60 L60
1•3 1 2 I.l. 7 50 40 20 50 100
I..C 1 2 rJ. x.:z 60 30 20 70 100
I..C 2 I.S L3 rJ. I.S I.S w rJ.5 15 x.:zo t.:Z5 t.20 rJ.5
DAI' 1•1 1 rJ. I.l. x.:z 50 1.6 I.S x.:zo L60
DAI' 1•2 1 I.l. rJ. x.:z 50 g I.5 t.20 L60
DAI' !•l l rJ. rJ. 3 60 10 I.5 x.:zo L60
DAI' I..C 1 rJ. I.l. x.:z 60 10 I.S x.:zo L60
ou s-c 2 I.5 L3 rJ. I.5 7 w rJ.5 30 x.:zo t.:Z5 x.:zo w
n:-1 1 rJ. rJ. 8 70 L6 I.S x.:zo !.60
n-2 1 rJ. rJ. r.z 70 1.6 I.S x.:zo 1.60
n-J 1 rJ. rJ. x.:z 40 1.6 I.S x.:zo 1:.50
n-c 1 rJ. rJ. x.:z 50 L6 I.S r.zo L60
n:-c 2 I.S L3 rJ. I.5 I.S w rJ.5 25 x.:zo x.:zs r.;o w
a.tiziUY C•l
I•1 l X.:Z5 t.2 t.20 X.:Z4 l2 r.so 1.60 79
1•1 3 x.:z t.l 4 I.l.
t-2 1 t.25 .t.2. x.:zo X.:Z4 9 r.so L60 44
1•2 l x.:z I.l. l3
I-~ l r.a5 x.:z x.:zo X.:Z4 ll t.50 L60 109
I•l 3 t.2 I.l. 4 rJ.
t-c 1 X.:Z5 x.:z x.:zo X.:Z4 2l r.so ll9 1450
t-c 3. rJ. t.l I.l. 2 2 l 1 20 4 1 x.:z
n-1 1 t:5 x.:z x.:zo 575 231 1:.50 71 607
sz-1 l 770 630 11 t.l
sz-2 l r.zs r.z r.ao 518 151 r.so L60 517
n-2 3 820 670 a I.l.
n-3 1 r.:s x.:z r.ao 669 140 r.so 64 614
S&-3 3 940 550 g t.l
u-c 1 r.a5 t.2 x.:zo 574 182 r.so 227 3420
u-c 3 !.1 !.1 !.1 880 190 !.1 l2 ~90 8 !.1 15
T!•l 1 r.25 x.:z x.:zo 133 27 r.so L60 527
T!•l 3 u 940 lOO 9 930 10 t.l
T!-2 1 us x.:z x.:zo l28 26 r.so 66 489
T!-2 9 470 190 6 440 L6 !.1
T!•3 1 X.:Z5 x.:z x.:zo 770 51 r.so !.60 au
T!•3 3 l5 1100 260 44 930 a t-1
T!..C 1 :.zs x.:z x.:zo 342 59 t.SO 331 4780
T!..C 3 !.1 t.l 16 490 230 18 17 780 6 1 l5
n:-1 1 X.:Z5 x.:z r.ao ll2 19 r.so 1.60 478
l"t•l 7 26 590 13
n-2 :.zs x.:z r.ao 118 so r.so 113 565
n:-2 3 7 58 620 10
n:-3 1 r.as t.2 x.:zo 142 24 r.so L60 526
n:-3 3 7 26 590 19 !.1
n:-c 1 r.25 t.2 x.:zo 120 27 r.so ll2 1080
n:-c 3 !.1 !.1 t.l 3 10 15 so 700 19 :.z
RatiziUY c- f
I t.l. !.1
SE 579 !.1
T! 519 !.1
!'! 543 t.l
B-30
TABLE B-G Page 2 of 6
ccmc.llt:&tiCII 19£11
s5 1.-o.1• !:!!?. !i. !!. !:!!. £!. £!!. !!!. ~ ~ ~ 9. .!!. !!.
Refiu&y 0
I•l 1 1.250 r.ao 1.200 1.240 lAO I.SOO t.600 1.250
r-z 1 1.250 r.ao 1.200 1.240 IAO I.SOO t.600 1.250
1•3 1 1.250 r.ao 1.200 1.240 lAO I.SOO t.600 1.250
t-c 1 1.250 r.ao 1.200 1.240 IAO I.SOO t.600 1.250
t-c 2. I.5 1.3 I.1 1:.14 I.5 1:.15 1:.15 33 I.l.O 1.25 1:.10 1:.15
DAr 1-1 1 1.250 r.ao r.aoo 1020 lAO I.SOO t.600 410
DAr 1•2. 1 1.25 r.a r.ao 681 l5 r.so tAO 242
DAr 1-3 1 1.25 r.a r.ao 479 6 I.SO tAO 181
DAr 1-c 1 1.25 r.a %.20 719 7 I.SO t.60 262
DAr 1-c 2 I.5 1.3 I.1 730 I.5 1:.15 1:.15 2.80 1:.10 1.25 1:.10 1:.15
n-1 1 1.25 r.a %.20 1230 1.4 I.SO t.60 515
n-z 1 1.25 r.a r.ao UIO IA I.SO t.60 480
Pl-3 1 1.25 r.a r.ao 875 1.4 I.SO tAO 338
n-c 1 1.25 r.a r.ao 1080 l.4 I.SO tAO 430
n-c 2 l5 1.3 1:.1 1000 I.5 1:.15 1:.15 400 1:.10 1.25 1:.10 1:.15
Refiu&y E
t-1 1 1.25 r.a r.ao 25 5 I.SO t.60 141
t-2 1 1.25 r.a %.20 5I a r.so t.60 102
%•3 1 1.25 r.a r.ao 35 l5 I.SO t.60 llO
t-c 1 1.25 r.a %.20 42 10 r.so t.60 127
t-c 2 I.5 1.3 2 35 a 11 2l uo 1:.10 1.25 1:.10 1:.15
DAr 1-1 1 1.25 r.a r.ao 104 l.4 I.SO t.60 61
DAr 1-2 1 1.25 r.a 1.20 81 l.4 1.50 t.60 47
DAr 1•3 1 1.25 r.a %.20 89 l.4 1.50 t.60 54
DAr a:-c 1 1.25 r.a r.ao 89 l.4 t.So t.60 74
DAr E-c 2 I.5 1.3 '-1 76 I.5 za '-15 50 '-10 1.25 1:.10 1:.15
1.25 r.a r.ao 42 . 1.50
I'l-l
n-2
n-3
1
1
1
1.25
1.25
r.a
r.a
r.ao
r.ao
52
44
IA
IA
1.4
1.50
1.50
t.60
t.60
t.60
"
77
st
n-c 1 1.25 r.a r.ao 42 1.4 I.SO t.60 44
n-c 2. I.5 1.3 1:.1 36 I.5 19 1:.15 30 t.lO 1.25 u 1:.15
Refiu&y p
t-1 1 1.250 r.ao 1.200 1.240 50 I.SOO t.600 1.250
I•2 1 1.250 r.ao %.200 1.240 190 I.SOO t.600 1.250
I•l l 1.250 r.a r.ao 72 184 57 t.60 127
r-c 1 1.250 r.a r.ao 58 151 52 t.60 ll3
t-c 2 I.5 1.3 t.l 50 210 58 t.l5 uo 27 1.25 u t.lS
r:r Il-l l 1.250 .r.a r.ao 50 278 64 t.60 229
C'1' 11-2 1 1.250 r.a r.ao 50 350 101 t.60 342
C'1' Il-l 1 1.25 .r.a r.ao 79 510 ll4 t.60 452
C'1' lt-c 1 1.25 .r.a r.ao 57 405 aa t.60 342
C'1' lt-c 2 I.5 1.3 I.l 44 500 77 t.l5 330 41 1.25 t.lO t.l5
Pl-1 1 1.25 r.a r.ao 73 199 68 t.60 us
n:-2 1 • 1.25 .r.a r.ao ll 86 74 t.60 151
Fl-3 1 1.25 .r.a r.ao 29 84 71 t.60 lU
n-c l .1.25 .r.a r.ao 45 l25 64 t.60 ll2
n-c 2 I.5 1.3 1:.1 7 l25 58 t.l5 100 31 1.25 1:.10 t.l5
llefiuzy G-1
t-1 l 1.25 r.a 1.20 1.24 l.4 1.50 78 52
I·l 3 I.l '-1
I·2 1 us r.a r.ao 1.24 l.4 52 102 72
I•2 3 1:.1 I.1
I•J l us .r.a r.ao 1.24 l.4 1.50 t.60 28
t-3 3 I.l I.1
t-c 1 us r.a r.ao 1.24 l.4 I.SO t.60 30
t-c 3 1:.1 I.l 1:.1 1 7 u 2 36 1:.1 r.a
SZ•l l 1.25 .r.a r.ao 615 6 I.SO 181 us
Sll•l 3 820 420 60 9 '-1
511•2 1 us L2 uo 676 53 as 308 U7
511•2 3 790 160 24 10 '-1
511•3 l us .r.a r.ao 73 IA 1.50 t.60 110
SII•J 3 1200 430 uo 6 '-1
s1-c 1 us u uo 6~ s 93 181 179
SE-c 3 t.l. '-1 t.l. 1000 7 u 278 65 u ~ u
DU E•l 1 us L2 r.ao 526 l.4 r.so 1S9 93
DAr 1!:•1 3 7l0 270 44 '-1
OM !•2 1 us L2 r.ao 414 l.4 I.SO 115 94
DAr !•2 3 680 320 87 13 1.1
OAI' !•3 1 us L2 r.ao 73 IA r.so !..60 64
DU !•3 930 350 92 '-1
OAI' E-c us L2 24 425 104 144 139
DUE< t.l. Ll t.l. soo 1 260 53 I.4 9 u
n:-1 us u r.ao 89 I.4 57 107 51
n-1 32 6
F!•2 l us L2 uo 86 IA 63 90 46
FE-2 3 9 12
F1•3 1 1:.25 u r.ao 73 IA r.so J..60 64
Fl•3 3
n-c l us t.2 uo 1:.24 IA r.so t.60 30
n:-c l Ll t.2 Ll 7 Ll 2 36 Ll u
B-31
-TABLE B-6 Page 3 of 6
Conc:antration (!!!lt::ll
S!!li!1e-Ca.J' ~ .!!1 !!. g ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ !!. ~ !!. ll
~iAuy G-f
I 3 IJ.
sa 3 t.l
DAI' I 3 t.l
n 3 t.l
llali.D.Uy B
I-1
I-2
l
1
t.l
t.l
t.l
t.l
t.2
t.2
20
10 ,
L6 I.5
I.5
t.20
t.20
L60
L60
I-3 1 t.l t.l s 20 10 I.5 t.20 L60
t-c 1 t.l t.l t.2 10 7 I.5 t.20 L60
t-c 2 I.5 I.3 t.l I.5 I.5 t.l5 t.l5 15 t.20 t.2S t.20 t.l.S
a-l 1 t.l IJ. t.2 10 30 I.5 t.20 L60
a-2 1 IJ. IJ. t.2 7 20 I.5 t.20 L60
D-3 1 IJ. IJ. t.2 20 30 I.5 t.20 70
sa-c 1 IJ. IJ. t.2 10 30 I.5 t.20 L60
sa-c 2 I.5 t.3 IJ. I.5 7 t.l5 IJ.5 30 1:.20 w LZO IJ.5
n-1 1 IJ. IJ. LZ 20 10 I.5 so L60
PB-2 1 IJ. IJ. t.2 10 10 I.5 30 60
R-3 1 IJ. IJ. 20 10 9 I.5 1:.20 L60
n-c 1 IJ. IJ. 1:.2 10 7 I.5 30 L60
n-c 2 I.5 I.3 IJ. I.5 I.5 t.l5 IJ.5 25 1:.20 r.as 20 t.l5
lla.fiAuy I
t-l 1 us u uo U4 IA I.50 L60 69
t-1 3 IJ.
I-2 1 r.as 1:.2 uo U4 6 I.50 L60 52
t-2 3 IJ.
t-3 1 w 1:.2 uo U4 20 I.50 79 336
t-3 3 IJ.
t-c 1 w 1:.2 uo 1:.24 115 I.50 78 5315
t-c 3 IJ. IJ. IJ. 1 10 IJ. 2 25 IA I.l IJ.
a-1 1 us u UD 98 U7 I.50 L60 172
sa-1 3 7 110 IA IJ.
sa-2 1 w 1:.2 1:.20 91 167 I.50 L60 237
sa-z 3 u 100 1.4 I.l
sa-3 1 w 1:.2 uo 102 1~ I.50 90 1070
sa-1 3 1:.2 100 I.l
sa-c l r.as 1:.2 uo 98 U7 I.50 1158 ll20
n-c 3 IJ. IJ. IJ. 3 6 5 2 lOO 5 IJ. 4 LZ
R-1 1 1:.25 u uo 1:.24 85 I.50 L60 6t
n-1 3 25 I.l
R-2 1 1:.25 LZ 1:.20 1:.24 22 I.50 L60 69
n-2 3 23 I.l
FB-3 1
FB-3 3
n-c 1 1:.25 1:.2 1:.20 U4 71 I.50 211 2000
n-c 3 IJ. IJ. I.l 1 3 IJ. 2 60 1.4 IJ. 16 LZ
lla.f1J~By J
I•1 1 LZ5 1:.2 1:.20 1:.24 5 I.SO L60 72
I•l 3 I.l
t-2 1 us u LZD LZ4 10 I.50 L60 54
I-2 3 IJ.
I•l 1 LZ5 LZ 1:.20 LZ4 r.4 I.50 L60 62
I•l 3 IJ.
t-c l w 1:.2 uo 1:.24 4 I.50 L60 62
t-c 3 I.l t.l t.l 1 1 1 2 54 IJ. LZ
111-1 1 w LZ LZO 315 r.4 I.50 L60 uo
11 &-l 3 120 7 I.l
111-2 l w u LZO 620 U70 771 958 4H
11 1-2 3 100 2SO 16 IJ.
11 1-3 1 LZS LZ LZO 50 33 I.50 L60 432
11 1-3 3 115 420 I.4 I.l
11 E-<: 1 LZS u LZO 52 25 I.50 L60 257
Sl 1-c 3 t.l t.l t.l 76 2 t.l 4 320 I.l 1:.2
S2 1:-1 1 LZS LZ LZO 440 r.4 I.SO 190 316
S2 1:•1 3 450 l90 290 16
sa 1-'1 1 LZS LZ uo 10SO 231 69 2080 1400
12 E-2 3 1100 2000 2100 12 t.l
Sl 1:•3 1 LZ5 LZ LZO 411 r.4 I.SO 876 790
12 1:-3 3 390 380 6a0 14 I.l
sz s-c 1 LZS u uo 584 55 61 810 6S8
Sl 1-c 3 t.l I.l I.l 780 7 I.l 870 740 I.l a
13 1-1 1 r.as LZ LZO 547 14 118 123 194
13 &-l 3 830 uo 17 I.l
S3 1•2 1 us u LZO 1010 16 I.SO L60 l45
13 1•2 3 1200 210 ll t.l
S3 1•3 l LZS u LZO 350 16 I.SO L60 280
13 1•3 3 660 280 l1 IJ.
B-32
Concantrat:l.on. (ug:t:ll
5!!!i!l-D4X a ~ !!l. ~ ~ £!. £!!. !!!. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ !!.
a.tinuy J (Cont.)
S3 B-e l us u uo 626 25 63 7l 215
53 s-c 3 l Ll Ll 570 2 Ll 2 260 Ll 6 u
54 B-1 1 us u uo 835 38 LSO 80 411
54 B-1 3 1500 340 25 Ll
54 B-2 l us u uo 1210 21 LSO r.&O 261
54 B-2 3 1300 290 24 Ll
54 !-3 1 us u uo 1860 77 LSO I.60 579
54 1-3 3 1700 620 Ll
54 E-c 1 us u uo 1300 42 LSO 69 304
54 e:-c 3 2 Ll Ll 1900 10 Ll 12 560 11 u
55 e:-1 1 ll. 2 uo 1580 Sl 189 164 464
5S B-1 3 4 2200 600 7 Ll
S5 1-2 1 us u uo 2790 47 L50 r.&O 609
S5 B-2 3 5 4900 740 29 4
55 B-3 1 us u uo 1500 51 LSO r.&O 417
SS B-3 3 9 1800 520 19 6
55 s-c 1 us u uo 2010 45 79 101 491
S5 e:-c 3 Ll Ll 7 3600 182 l 2 760 9 Ll 23 u
11-P I-1 1 us u uo U4 41 LSO 72 148
11-P I-1 3 9 20 Ll
........
11-P I-2
I-2
I-3
1
3
1
us
us
u
u
uo
uo
us
U4
5
1.4
LSO
L50
I.60
I.60
54
6S
10 Ll
11-P I-3 3 6 l8 Ll
B-PI-<: 1 us u uo 29 17 LSO t.60 55
1-PI-<: 3 Ll Ll Ll 22 2 Ll 3 u Ll 22 u
n-1 1 us u uo 96 9 53 82 uo
ril-l 3 150 20 Ll
n-z 1 us u uo 94 1.4 LSO t.60 51
n-2 J 27 7 27 Ll
rll-3 1 us u uo 102 6 65 I.60 46
n-3 3 27 6 16 Ll
n-c 1 us u uo 82 1.4 L50 t.60 62
B-e 3 Ll Ll Ll 54 32 3 9 62 1.4 Lll 12 u
a.tinuy II(
I-1 1 Ll Ll u 20 10 LS 70 200
I-2 1 Ll Ll u 10 10 L5 40 70
I-3 1 Ll Ll 3 10 10 LS 80 60
I-<: 1 Ll Ll u 20 10 L5 40 70
I-<: 2 L5 Ll Ll 5 6 Ll5 Ll5 4S uo us uo Ll5
OAI' B-1 1 Ll Ll u 1000 200 9 50 1000
DAr 1•2 l r.l Ll u 2000 400 20 200 3000
oar 1-3 1 Ll r.l u lOOO 200 L5 60 1000
oar B-e 1 Ll r.l u 1000 300 20 100 2000
OAI' B-<: 2 L5 Ll 3 1600 280 28 70 1400 uo us uo Ll5
n-1 l Ll Ll u 100 60 L5 uo 100
rll•2 1 Ll Ll u 60 10 L5 r.zo 70
rll-3 1 Ll Ll r.2 100 20 L5 r.zo 100
n-c 1 Ll Ll r.2 100 30 L5 r.zo 1000
n-c 2 •r.s Ll 1 73 l8 Ll5 Ll5 120 uo us uo Ll5
a.t:!Auy!.
I-1 1 r.zso r.zo !.200 r.240 1.40 L500 !.600 810
I•2 1 usa uo r.zoo r.240 1.40 LSOO 700 uso
I-3 1 us u r.zo U4 22 LSO 64 12S
I-<: 1 uso uo r.zoo r.240 !.40 LSOO !.600 uso
z-c 2 L5 Ll Ll 30 20 ll 40 120 uo us uo Ll5
S1 !-1 1 uso r.zo uoo 1000 170 !.500 !.600 490
Sl 1-2 1 uso r.zo !.200 r.240 !.40 LSOO r.&OO 290
51 11:-3 1 r.250 uo r.zoo r.240 100 !.500 I.600 290
Sll-c 1 uso r.zo !.200 !.240 100 !.500 I.600 360
51 1-c l L5 Ll Ll 290 180 70 4S 370 uo us uo LlS
52 11:-1 1 r.zs r.2 !.20 773 43 LSO t.60 382
52 11:-2 1 r.25 u r.zo 831 54 LSO r.&O 304
52 1-3 1 r.zs r.2 !.20 928 31 LSO r.&O 314
52 1-c 1 us r.2 r.zo 802 42 L50 I.60 32S
52 11:-<: l L5 Ll Ll 870 50 16 17 290 r.zo r.zs uo LlS
n-1 1 us r.2 r.zo 20S 24 L50 r.&O 174
n-2 1 us r.2 !.20 119 19 L50 r.&O 157
n-1 1 r.25 u uo 165 31 LSO r.&O 161
n-c 1 r.zs r.2 r.zo 144 24 LSO I.60 174
n:-c 2 LS Ll Ll 190 39 15 !.15 140 r.zo r.25 r.zo r.l5
B-33
lAdLE B-6 Page 5 of 6
Concentrat:ian !U!i:,ll
S!!!!i!le-O&X a !:!!!. !:!1. !!. 9!. £:: Sl!. !!!:. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ li
Rafinuy II
I-1 1 I.l I.l !.2 30 300 10 200 200
I-2 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 10 100 I.5 !.20 90
I•3 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 20 100 I.5 40 100
I-c 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 20 200 t.S 60 100
I-c 2 t.S t.3 I.l t.S 180 I.l5 25 75 !.20 !.25 !.20 I.l5
DAI' e:-1 1 t.1 2 !.2 200 10 I.5 !.20 200
DAI' 1-2 1 t.1 2 !.2 100 10 t.S !.20 100
llAI' 1•3 1 t.1 2 !.2 90 g t.S !.20 90
llAI' 1-c 1 I.l 2 !.2 100 10 t.S !.20 100
llAI' 1-c 2 t.S t.3 t.1 73 6 I.l.S I.l5 140 !.20 !.25 !.20 I.l5
n:-1 1 t.1 2 3 90 10 t.S !.20 90
n:-2 1 I.l 2 !.2 100 10 t.S 50 100
n:-3 1 4 t.1 !.2 90 20 10 !.20 100
n:-c 1 4 t.1 !.2 100 20 20 30 200
n:-c 2 t.S t.3 t.1 24 8 I.l5 I.l5 90 !.20 !.25 !.20 I.l5
Rafin.ry II
I•1 1 !.25 !.2 !.20 !.24 t.4 I.50 t.60 56
I•2 1 !.25 !.2 !.20 !.24 I.4 t.SO t.60 29
I•3 1 !.250 !.20 !.200 3000 I.40 790 t.IOO t.250
I-c 1 !.25 !.2 !.20 !.24 t.4 t.SO 1.60 36
I-c 2 I.5 t.3 I.l 7 I.5 I.l5 I.l5 19 !.20 !.25 !.20 t.l.S
R•1 1 !.250 !.20 t.200 1000 I.40 I.SOO 1.600 480
R•2 1 !.250 !.20 t.200 2000 I.40 r.soo t.600 760
R•3 1 !.25 !.2 t.20 HO 7 r.so t.60 573
a:-c 1 !.25 !.2 !.20 uao l4 r.so I.60 603
n-c 2 ·I.! t.3 t.1 1400 61 16 18 570 !.20 !.25 !.20 I.l5
cn:-1 1 !.25 !.2 !.20 805 t.4 I.50 t.60 6Sl0
cn:-2 1 !.25 !.2 !.20 679 8 r.so t.60 4UO
cn:-3 1 !.25 !.2 !.20 499 7 r.so t.60 4260
cn:-c 1 !.25 !.2 !.20 701 t.4 I.50 I.60 5210
cn:-c 2 I.5 t.3 t.1 650 13 I.l5 I.l5 4800 !.20 !.25 !.20 t.l.S
n:-1 1 !.25 !.2 !.20 !.24 t.4 I.50 t.60 !.25
n:-2 1 !.25 !.2 !.20 159 I.4 r.so t.60 US
n:-3 1 !.25 !.2 !.20 131 I.4 r.so I.60 6l
n:-c 1 !.25 !.2 !.20 137 I.4 r.so t.60 104
n:-c 2 I.5 t.3 t.1 120 u I.l5 I.l5 35 !.20 !.25 !.20 I.l5
Rafinuy 0
I-1 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 I.5 I.6 I.5 !.20 I.60
%•2 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 I.5 I.6 I.5 t.20 t.60
I•3 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 I.5 I.6 I.5 t.20 1.60
I-c 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 I.5 I.6 I.5 !.20 1.60
I-c 2 I.5 t.3 t.1 8 I.5 I.l5 I.l5 t.l.O !.20 !.25 !.20 I.l5
llAI' 1-1 1 I.l t.1 !.2 200 30 I.5 t.20 1.60
DU' 1•2 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 300 10 I.5 !.20 t.60
DU' 1-3 1 I.l t.1 !.2 300 8 I.5 t.20 lOO
DU' &-c L t.1 t.1 !.2 100 10 t.S t.20 60
DAI' a:-c 2 I.5 t.3 t.1 240 30 I.l5 27 14 !.20' I.25 !.20 I.l5
n:-1 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 50 I.6 I.5 !.20 1.60
!"1-2 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 50 I.6 t.S !.20 t.60
n:-3 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 50 I.6 I.5 t.20 I.60
n:-c 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 50 I.6 I.5 t.20 1.60
n:-c 2 I.5 t.3 t.1 uo t.S I.l5 I.l5 I.lO !.20 !.25 !.20 I.l5
Rafinuy p
%•1 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 t.S 1.6 I.5 !.20 I.60
%•2 1 I.l t.1 !.2 I.5 1.6 t.S !.20 I.60
I•3 1 I.l I.l !.2 I.5 1.6 t.S !.20 I.60
I-c 1 I.l t.1 !.2 I.5 I.6 I.5 !.20 1.60
t-c 2 I.5 t.3 t.1 40 I.5 I.l5 t.15 61 !.20 !.25 !.20 t.l.S
SE•1 1 I.l t.1 !.2 900 1.6 I.5 !.20 1.60
SE•2 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 so I.6 t.S !.20 I.60
R•3 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 700 I.6 t.S !.20 1.60
n-c 1 I.l t.1 !.2 600 1.6 I.5 !.20 1.60
SE-c 2 I.5 t.3 t.1 12 t.S I.l5 I.l5 55 !.20 360 !.20 I.lS
n:-1 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 t.S I.6 t.S !.20 L60
n:-2 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 I.5 I.6 t.S !.20 I.60
n:-3 1 t.1 t.1 !.2 t.S I.6 I.5 !.20 1.60
n:-c 1 I.l t.1 !.2 I.5 L6 t.S !.20 1.60
n:-c 2 t.S t.3 t.1 40 I.5 I.l5 I.l5 43 !.20 370 !.20 t.15
B-34
TABL£ s.. 6 Page 6 of 6
CODceuatiOA !!!U1l
!!!!11..0.J:. !e. !!1 !!. S! 9: sa !!!. ~ !!!. !!. a !!. !!.
llefiMzy Q-1
I•1 1 r.zs r.z r.zo LZ4 37 I.SO lAO 70
I•1 J lA t.l
I•2 1 LZ5 r.z r.zo LZ4 37 I.SO lAO 62
I•2 3 6 t.l
I•J 1 r.zs r.z r.zo r.24 20 I.SO lAO 329
I•J 3 10 t.l
r.zs r.z r.zo
I<
t-c
n-1
1
3
1
t.l
LZ5
t.l
r.z
t.l
r.zo
LZ4
1
LZ4
53
120
7
I.SO
t.l
I.SO
167
lAO
2
2UO
35
274
7 t.l .. r.;z
n-1 3 60 330 480 9 t.l

n-2 1 r.zs r.;z r.zo LZ4 IA I.SO lAO 444
Sl-2 3 140 470 4to 7 t.l
Sl-3 1 r.zs Q r.:zo LZ4 6 I.SO t.60 5U
ft-3 3 60 640 460 6 t.l
SID-C 1 LZ5 r.z r.zo LZ4 1.5 I.SO 101 1460
SID-C J t.l t.l t.l 1 210 t.l 10 470 440 t.l 10 r.z
n-1 1 LZ5 r.z r.zo LZ4 u I.SO t.60 245
n-1 l 310 790 u t.l
n-z 1 r.zs r.;z r.zo LZ4 20 I.SO lAO 321
n-2 l t.l ltO 900 10 t.l
n-l 1 r.zs r.z r.zo LZ4 6 I.SO lAO 300
n-3 l t.l lSO 110 22 t.l
n-c 1 LZ5 r.z r.zo LZ4 23 t.50 102 U70
n-c l t.l t.l 5 2 110 t.l 15 340 800 1 20 r.z
llefiMzyQ-i'
a 240 t.l 35
n 310 262 350
n: 300 167 500
!!otaa• al
1:11
.c.
U a~ ia liOC ~ f~ a~ -l.e 1ocaUoD Ulll
4U liOC ce.t tllac -lAo for tM -ifiaoi poUI&UDt.
- dac:a .:epee- - "

C, G, Q•
.C...a t11u
t - -~ qrab -a. ~.- tM .I.DIUc:aUd l.aborataJCY
cou...- cSazi.A9 ~ta co Roof1Ae:c1. .
I IAta'ca
111 - sapuacor afU.-t
OAI' I - OAI' eft1..-t
Til • fte&Ud atfl.llaDt
n: • FiDal eff~t
C'1' • - CoolJ.Dq Tower bl.looldaom
1-P I • Bio-poacl iAtl....,t
en - ~ plaDt atu.....c
~~ i. •UA Rllqioll V t.aboratCIJCY

2 - ~ s. Ken I!Dn-attal a.aaucll lAIIorataJCY, UA
l - Ryelllleft, Edqerlay, toii1JJiaon Ulll Aaaociataa
B-35
TABLE B-7
AnalXtical Results for Traditional Para.etera in the Pretreat.ent S~lia~ Pr~raa - Week 1
Sampling
location ss Sulftde BO!Js coo Cit Phenol O&G Cr+6 Plt3-M
Day pH 111911 1119/1 s 111!1/1 1119/1 111!1/1 lllg/1 111!111 111911 111911 "
1. Refinery Ito. 25 1 8.9 19 < 0.1 310 690 3.0 123 41.4 0.26 39.1
Effluent 2 8.7 45 < 0.1 320 710 2.6 88 42.3 0.48 36.1
3 8.68 25 <0.1 355 700 3.0 99 61.8 0.22 36.4
2. POnf No. 1 1 7.50 316 0.25 212 505 0.1 1.7 54.1 < 0.02 22.6
b:1 a. Raw Influent 2 7.50 290 0.20 240 580 • • 59.0 < 0.02 26.3
I 3 7.30 524 0.40 235 580 0.02 0.113 22.4 <.0.02 23.2
w
CT\ b. final Effluent 1 7.40 I <0.1 3 34 0.06 0.003 1.3 <.0.02 8.8
2 7.55 2 <0.1 4 30 0.07 0.011 1.0 <0.02 12.0
3 7.80 2 <0.1 5 35 0.05 0.012 0.9 <.0.02 9.7
c. Primary Sludge I 5.9 21,200 35.0 >4,930 28,600 0.24 2.30 2,660 <0.02 74.2
2 8.5 39,160 110.0 8,920 39,700 • • 5,260 < 0.02 51.7
3 6.78 12,450 33.0 1,230 30,100 0.05 0.622 1,044 <0.02 3) .8
d. Secondary Sludge I 7.3 1,948 0.25 745 2,070 0.15 0.074 29.5 <0.02 10.4
2 7.45 3,536 0.80 1,460 42,300 • • 59.5 < 0.02
< 0.02
10.7
3 7.60 3,000 0.50 5,680 15,800 0.17 0.169 42.0 6.1
NOTE: Day 1 - 8/16/78; Day 2 - 8/17/78; Day 3 - 8/18/78

* tn trace, but below detection li•it
All samples were analyzed by the Water Quality labs associated with POTH 1~. 1.
TABLE B-8
ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR PRIORITY P~LUTANTS FOR THE PRETREATMENT SAMPLING
PROGRAM-wEEK 1. vOLAtiLE RGARtc cORcENtRAttOAs. ug/1
Ref.No.X
25 XX XX
Pol Eff.to POnf Pr1maryx Secondaryx Ffnalx Primary Secondary
Pollutant No. Day PO'IW In f. Ef'f. Eff. Ef'f. Sludge Sludge
Benzen• 4 1 4,200 23 17 9
2 5,800 Bl 64 13
3 1,600 "' 14
Ch 1orobenzene 7 1
2 31
3
1 ,1, l·trfchloro-11 1 5
ethane 2 22 16
3 * 10 15
1,1-dfchloro- 13 1 16
ethane 2
3
Chloroform 23 1
2 21 10 "' "'
3 17 "' "' * "'
1,2-trans- 30 1 60
dfchloroethylene 2
3 * * so
Ethyl benzene 38 1 9,000 25 38 * so
2 5,600 20 25 "' 20
3 4,000 * *
Methylene 44 1 * * * "' 30 10
chloride 2 * * * ( 11) .. 120
3 * * * 23 (ll) * 18(15)
Tetrach 1oro • B5 1 * 88 43 * *
ethylene 2 117 160 16 10
3 18 19 24 * 23
Toluene 86 l 15,000 84 67 30
2 9,900 103 110 30
3 5,700 24 31 10
Tr1eh1oro- 87 1 38 21 * * 150
ethylene 2 57 78 * * 7
3 27 36 * * 20
NOTE: -Not detected.

* In traces,but below detection limit.
) Sample bl.81lk. No vol&tile org&Ziica ietected in other sample blacks.
X Analysis perfol'llll!d by west Coast Technical Service.
XX Analysis performed by Pomeroy, Johnston and Ba~ley.
Of' the 30 volatile organics, only 11 were detected.
B-37
TABLE -8-9 Page 1 of 2
ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR PRIORITY POL~UTANTS FOR THE PRETREA~ENT SAMPLING
PROGRAM-!o!E£K 11 SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS I COMCEKTRATIOHS 1 !!9ll)
Ref. NO. X
25 XX XX
Poll ** Eff. to POrwX Primaryx SecondaryX Fina1x Primary Secondary
Pollutants No. Day PO'TW Inf. Eff. Eff. Eff. Sludge Sludge
Z,4..0flllltl!y1-
phenol
34 A£ 1
2
3
1,700
233
69
25
72
34
.. ..
Pentachloro- 64 AE. 1 ..
phenol 2 * *
3 830
Phenol 65 AE 1 2,900 575 520 * ....
2
3
700
980
700
1,100
*
* .. 355
180
405
1,200
1,2 diel'lloro- 25 BME 1 • * . 13 20
benzene 2 4 17 * 7 9
3 15 11 * * 10
1,3 d1ehloro- 25 BME 1 ... * 30
benzene 2
3
19
10
17
11
*
* . 15 5
1,4 dfehloro-
benzene
27 BNE 1 zs- 23 ,.. . 30
2 29 30 * 15 5
3 24 30 10 * 9
Isophorene 54 BNE 1
• z 23
3 *
Naphtha 1ene 55 BNE 1 620 113 93 * . 440
2 121 156 * 30
3 370 20 35 *
Nitrobenzene 56 BNE 1 5
2
3
81s(2-ethyl- 66 BNE 1 124 94 * 75
hexy 1) phtha 1ate 2 112 56 * * 130 180
3 130 150 240 140
Butyl benzyl 67 BNE 1 16 55 59 170
phthalate z 63 43 25
3 39 68 * * 14
B-38
~~YTICAL RESULTS FOR PRIORITY POLLUTANTS FOR THE PRETREATMENT SAMPLING

PROGRAM-WEEK l, SEMtVOL~TILE OR~~MICS (COMCEMT~~TIONS, us/1)
-
Ref.No.x
25 X X X X XX XX
Pollutants Poll Eff. to POTil Primary Secondary Final Primary Secondary
No. !lay POTW Inf. Eff. Eff. Eff. Sludge Sludge
01-n-butyl 68 BNE 1
..40 24 19
.... .
Phthalate z 28 21
17 ..
3 34
01-n-oc'tyl
Phthalate
69 BNE 1 12 ....
2
3
Oiethyl 70 !3NE 1 27
. .. 190 5
Phthalate 2
3
14
..
13
..
17
15 .. 11
Dimethyl 71 BNE 1 .... . 9
Phthalate 2
3 . ..
Acenapht hyl ene 77 BNE 1
2
3 ..
Anthracene
.jo
78 BNE 1 60 .. .....
2
3
51
30 . ..
Fluorene 30 BNE 1
... . .
2 63
3 32
Phenanthrene+ 81 SflE 1 60 .. ....
2
3
51
30 .." ,. .
Pyrene 84 BNE 1
2 Zl
3
Of 59 semi-volatile organics, only 20 were detected.
* in traces, but below Detection Limit.
- ~~E • Acid extractable; BNE - Base/neutral extractlbles.
.. Anthracene and Phenanthrene are unresolved.
-X 1lot detected.
Salllf'les were analyzed by West Coast Technical Services.
XX S~les were analyzed by Pomeroy, Johnston and Bailey.
B-39
TABLE.B-10
ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR PRIORITY POLLUTANTS FOR THE PRETREATMENT
SAMPLING PROGRAM-WEEK 1. PEsftctb£s(CONCENTRAT10Ns. ug/11
Rafilluy"
Poll. No.%.5 PO TWX PrimaryX SecondaryX Ffnalx Primar§X Secondar~x
Pollutant No. Day W.to Inf. Eff. Eff. Eff. Sludge Sludge
PO'l'll
4,4'-0DE 93 1
2
J 0.68 O.Jg
Heptachlor 100 1
2
J 0.12 0.13
b-8HC-8eta 103 1 0.18
2
3 0.10 0.55 0.49
r-8HC-Ganlna 104 1 1.1
2 6.3 1.2
3 0.14 0.13
NOTE: of" zs· pesticides only 4 were found; none of the four were confii"'IIIG by GCMS.
- Not detected.
x Sai!Pies were analyzed by west Coast Technical Service.
xx Sllll!lles were analyzed by Po•roy, Johnston and Bailey.
B-40
TABLE B-U
.\Dal?tical IIHIIlb ts PrioriU: PoUuunu tor tile Pr-tllent s~illo - - - WMk 1 1
*tal• !C611CeDtntioM 1 15.!11
_ . .... 1
Effluent co
1'0tW &oa
..
lafiMry No.
tnMzy s--.r, Pillel Pn.&T s--.r,
IIDUoataat IIDU. llo. oar llll~ unu-c un- Iff~ Sladqe ~~ 25
• X
-~ u• 1 1250 830
2 130 210
3 10 Z3
k..u w 1 27 86 73 30
.z .za 17' 76
IU)'U.t.aa U7
3
1
26
"12
10
6
2
3 4 10
c:.IIWa Ul 1 61 37 1510 240

z 2!1 20 610 320
3 42 zo 180 310
~ Ul 1 llS 1t7 3!1 11 17100 4010 111M

2 357 lll 33 16 17100 5510 1473
3 241 140 31. 15 2170 5140 164!1
cow- 120 1 213 161 51 u 1100 2500 29

2 2a ll2 16 u.zoo 3300 26
3 202 106 16 32 3300 3000 15
tMd 122 1 251 1a 37 2!1 15700 1200 21

2 111 105 9000 1500 26
3 324 141 39 ll 2800 1600 ]0
~ 123 1 1.48 0.52 14 17

2 1.50 0.41 1.06 253 Zl
~ 124
3
1
0.41
204
0.44
110
0.38
90
0.51
11
"
l220
20
710
2 123 89 19 86 3400 850
73 700 750
. .J.wU. . 125
3
1
92
ll 30
61
" 193
2 38 41 6 6 322
3 32 30 35 9 267
l.l.lYV 121 1 80 50
2 u 80 60
3 u 60 10
'fii&Ui• L27 1 20 20
z 80
3 70 10
ZJJic 128 1 836 492 122 sa 40000 6100 155

z 9U 462 93 64 15800 8400 119
3 857 449 143 69 6340 8040 171
......
.. oecc-
X
Not
.\Dalysllll by DA •a.q:l.oD rt Lalloncocy
Aa&Lysllll by , . _ , . , JobaROII - aa.uer
B-41
TABLE B-12
SaMipling
Location
llr.y
Analr:tica.l Results for 1'ta.ditioAAl Para.at.era for the Pretreat.aont S.
{'II S:l ~'uU'ld.,.

aa.s
110115 llllll. Cll l'benol or. a er•6
...
IH3-11
1. l::ffluent t.:a PO'f\1 froUI Rt:fin~ry Nt.>.

a. Ro. 13 l lO.Bo 84 (0.1 It 50 '.112 0.13 !i1 nit (O,ai! 25.0
2 10.00 86 0.1 lto2 789 0.11t 6o.6 6],6 <o.ai! 27.1
3 11.1t2 56 (O.i.. 361 7611 O.J" 1o6 13.9 <O.ai! 21t.1
b. Ro. 21 1 6.75 20 (0.1 63 289 0,01 1.2 36 (0.00 2.1
2 6.56 26 <o.1 2ai! 4lt1 O,ai! 2.1 llt-5 (0.00 3.6
3 6.65 21. (0.1.. 90 ]22 0.03 1.1 32.7 ~0.02 5.1
c! No. lt5 1 7.32 22 (0.1 1.69 5o6 lt.o 20 21.2 (O.ai! 161
2 6.90 24 <o.1•• 159 395 lt.o 1lt.3 11.7 (0.00 92.0
3 7-13 6 (0.1•• 132 ]66 6.0 11t.6 10.9 <o.oo 57.5
d. Ito. It] Dirt~ct Dio 1 6.2lt 1lt <0.1 ~ 1lt9 0.03 0.21 lt.o o.o6 lt.O
2 7.6o 36 <o.1•• 57 130 0,01 O.olt 3.8 (0.00 2.9
3 7-29 36 (0.1.. 12 w 0.05 o.o6 . 3.1 (0.00 2,0
No, 41 1 7.66 56 (0.1 5011 l,j(O 3.0 133 1" (0,00 ]2.0
2 7.84 30 (0,1 526 2,1t30 6.0 151 1lt2 <o.oo 111.0
3 7.52 6 (0.1.. 556 3,330 9.0 lltB 117 (0.00 56.5
e. lio. 16 1 7.51 29 (0.1 89 396 o.oa 3.6 2lt.9 <O.OO 20.5
2 7.10 23 (0.1.. 100 517 0.09 3.2 35.3 (0.00 30...
3 6.13 lit <o.t>• 166 537 0.03 lt.3 52.2 (0.00 22.7
tJj
I 2. P01'W No. 2
,j:::. a. Innuent 1 7.50 390 1.0 311 791t o.o6 2.611 113 (0.00 35.6
2 7-57 324 l.lt 330 752 0.09 3.01 62 (0.00 40.5
N 0,6 6]1t 0.26 62 (0.00
3 7.51 552 324 3.81 35.1
b. Pr!Jilary Effluent 1 7.50 62 0.2 190 11]7 0.05 3.16 29.3 (0.02 36.9
2 7.56 112 0.2 196 420 o.u 3.11 32.3 <0.00 lio.o
3 7.51 92 0.1 l8o 1!50 o.41t lt.35 llt.7 (0,00 33.0
c. ~'lnal Ef:fluent 1 7.66 J.66 0.6 161 539 o.o6 2.79 36.7 <o.oo 39.1
2 7-77 184 o.lt 203 5ai! o.u 3.07 lt7.3 (0,00 43.9
3 7.55 232 o.lt 187 6o3 o.ltlt lt.1lt 52.0 <o.oo 37-5
d. UNOX Influent 1 7.51 76 0.1 1.66 ltlt7 0.07 2.99 26.0 <o.oo 32.1
2 7.71 62 0,2 195 lto6 0.16 lt.oo ]lt.o (0.02 37.9
3 7.20 791 0.6 276 1,26o 0.09 lt.29 29.0 (0.02 34.0
e. IJIOX IU'f1uent 1 6.91 7 (0.1 3 61 o.o6 (0.01 1.1 (0.02 35.9
2 6.96 16 (0.1 6 86 0.05 0.03 3.1 (O,ai! 34.9
3 7.00 9 (0.1 6 66 O.oll <o.o1 1.0 (0.00 29.1
t. Primary Sludge 1 6.]6 lt3,510 0.3 14,200 6o,500 2.2 2.67 3,100 <O.ai! 39.9
2 6.00 39,220 0.5 11!,950 41,500 1.9 3.91t 6,580 <o.oo 4o.l
g. Digested Sludge
3
1
•
7.20 26,210
• •
0.]
•
3,100
•
28,1too 2.6
• •
1.27 2,420
• •
(0.02 870
•
2 7.01 27,254 0.1 3,270 26,700 2.6 1.00 2,64o (0.00 4]6
h. CenLrate
3
1
•
7.59
•
13,'.110
•
0.4
•
2,o6o
t
17,500 1.5
• •
0,88 1,66o
• •
(0.00 414
t
2 7.56 13,940 o.t• 2,350 16,6oo 1.8 O.if 1,68o (0,00 420
3 • • • • • • • • • •
HO'fl<: !lay 1 - 8/23/'/8; Day 2 - 8/2'4/'18; Day 3 - 8/25/78. All a....,lu wet.,. llll&lyz..a by tbe llater Quality Laba aa•ociated wltb PO!II Ro. 2. Analyaea :for Cll, Phenola and
0 & G were delenuined on gt·ab samples. R-inlng COIIStituents were dtotel'lllir.ed 011 24 hour C""''JCCSlttoe.
..
• llot oampl...t
Zinc Acetate l&ddec1 tu rewove intu1·fcrenctts
1 of 2
TABLE B-13
ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS FOR THE PRETREATMENT SAMPLING PROGRAM - WEEK 2
VOLATILE ORGANICS (Concentrations, ug/L)
POTW No. 2 Effluent to POTW from Refiner~ No.

XX XX XX X X 43x
Primar~
X X 45x l6x
Poll. Day X Unox Unox Finalx XX Primary Digested Filter 13 21 Direct 43x
Pollutant No. ** Inf. Eff. Inf. Eff. Eff. Centrate Sludge Sludge Cake
~---
Benzene 4 l 62 7l 79 - 40 17 6 1200 226 - * 380
2 57 67 77 * 62 * * 240 * 47 140
Carbon Tetra- 6
3
l
24
-
27
-
45
-
- 31 35
-
130
5
19 - 349 198 319
111
chloride 2
3 100 - . -- - 184 - 6
Chlorobenzene 7 l
2
- - - - - - - - - *
3
1,2-dichloroethane 10 1 30 30 - - 7 12 5 - - *
2 - 19 - - 14 - 54 - 18
3 500 714 - * 621 11 - - - * 33 - 24
~ 1,1,1-trichloro- ll l 200 98 306
~ ethane 2 535 95 159 231 97 14 - - - 15
w
1,1-dichloroethane 13
3
l
230
-
252
-
482
*
370 364 - 50
30
-
6
- *
2 - -
-
- *
3 - * ll * 10 25 12
1,1,2,2-tetrachloro- 15 l
ethane 2 - - - - 51
3
- - - . * -
Chloroform 23 1 13 13 10 13 18
21 .. *
*
2
3
ll
21
14
lll
12
14
15
14
12
19 - - - - ..
9
19 * *
1,1-dichloro- 29 l .. - *
ethylene 2 30
3 - - 32 16
1,2-trans-dichloro- 30 l - - - - - 30
ethylene 2
3 - - - - - 25
2 of 2
TABLE B-13 (Continued)
ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF PRIORITY POLLUTANTS FOR THE PRETREATMENT SAMPLING PROGRAM - WEEK 2
VOLATILE ORGANICS (Concentrations, uq/L)
POTW No. 2 Effluent to POTW from Refiner~ No.

XX XX XX X X 43x
X
Poll. Day X Pr~ Unoxx Unox Finalx XX Primary Digested Filter 13 21 45x Direct 43x 16x
Pollutant No. ** Inf. Eff. Inf. Eff. Eff. Centrate Sludge Sludge Cake
(1119/kg)
1,2-dichloro- 33 1
propylene 2
3
- - 3
Ethylbenzene 38 1
2
33
59
41
51
31
47 * 53
- 70 55 25
*
18000
*
108
130
-
-
-
-
383
170
3 53 46 47 - 48 35 150 75 15 410 220 76
Methylene Chloride 44 1 24 44 67 (6)* (7)*450 - - * - - 12
2 221 15 11 - 44
Dichlorobromo- 48
3
1
37 14 - - 40 - 540 6 13
methane 2 - - - *
ttl Chlorodibromo- 51
3
1
- - - *
I
,j::>. 111ethane 2
3
- - *
,j::>.
Tetrachloro- 85 1 73 70 85 - 9
ethylene 2 64 65 67 129
3 63 61 98 133 76
Toluene 86 1 161 197 202 140 60(6) 35 48000 426 - * 870
2 127 156 174 * - * * 420 - * 370
3 61 72 86 - 80 65 260 75 8 4600 7500 457
Trichloroethylene 87 1
2
12
14
15
21
29
26 22
- 250
3 12 12 24 * 15 - 380 10
Note: - not detected; * in traces but below detection limit; () sample blank. No volatile organics detected for other sample
blanks; x - analysis performed by West Coast Technical Services; xx - analysis performed by Pomeroy, Johnston &
Bailey; priority pollutants not listed were not detected; **Day 1, 2, & 3 are respectively August 23, 24, and 25
of 1978.
TABLE B-14
ANALYTicAL RESUI.TS OF PR.IOlliTY POLLUTANTS FOil. TUB PRETREATMENT SAMPLING PROGIWt - WEEK 2
~EKIVOLATILE ORGANICS (CONCENTRATIONS, ug/1)
Pm'll Ro. 2 Effluent to POTW lroa fellnerl No.

Filter
Poll Pri.x Uno1tx Unoxx Final X XX Pri.XX Dig.xx Cake xx 43x
Pollutant ** No. oaz lnf.x !ff. lnf. Eff. Eff. Centrate Sludse Sludse <!!!Its> 13X 21X 45X Direct 43x 16x
Parachloroaetacreaol A! 22 1
2
3 - - - - 96
2-Chlorophenol A! 24 1
2
- - - - - - - *
3
2,4-diaethylphenol A! 34 1
2
300
220
-
230
317
210 - 180
- - - -
1300
202
430
459
720
- 599
9300
385
250
- - - - *
3 720 750 470 740 - 3600 550 2000 16
Pentachlorophenol A! 64 1
2
3
- - - - - - - - - - *
Phenol A! 65 1 700 840 620 7300 470 1900 - 218 4200 - - 944
tp 2 150 210 190 * 160 1100 63 1000 - 14,000 185
I
ol:::-
3 840 600 420 * 660 4600 - 1300 - 2200 119 2200
-- -
Acenaphthene BNE 1 - - - -
-* -*
lJJ 1 17 *
2 - - 18 - 41 *
3 * * - - - - - - - - - * *
1,2,4-trichloro 8 1 29
-*
B.NE
benzene 2 - - *
3 20
1,2-dtchlorobenzene BNE 25 1 48 57 24 85 35 30
2 27 32 32 *- 12
3 ll 14 14 22 170 135 245 45
1,3-dicblorobenzene IINj! 26 1 * * * 55 40 25
2 20
12
* * -
21
*
l
* *
1,4-dichlorobenzene BNE 27 1 17 17 12 55 40 25
2 20 16 17 * *
3 12 * * * 12 140 105 180 40
2,4-dinitrotoluene BNE 35 1
z
- - - - - - - - - 20
1,2-diphenylhydrazine BNE 37 1
2
- - - - - - - - - - 23
3
TABLis B-14 Page 2 of 3
AIW.YTICAL RESULTS 01' PlliOliTY POLLUTANTS POll Til& PIBTUAntEIIT SAHPLUIG Pli.OGllAH - WEEit 2
siMifotAtiLI oiidliilcs ( coNCtiitiAttoiiS, UJII)
POiV No. 2 --Effluent toPON CrOai ReUnery No.

Filter
Poll Pri." Unoxx Unoxx Final" xx Pri.xx Dig."" Cake xx 43x
Pollutant ** No. Day Inf.x Eff. Int. Eff. Eff. Centrate Sludge Sludge (!g/kg) llX 21X 45X Direct 43x 16x
l'luorathene BilE 39 1
2
3
* •
bis(2-chloroiaopropy1) BNE 42 1
ether 2
3 *
bia(Z-~hloxoethoxy) BNE 43 1 - -
aethane 2 - -
3 *
lsophorone BNE 54 1
2 12
--
to
3 - - - - - - - - -
I
>1:::-
Naphthalene IIHE 55 1
2
28 23
~s
23
33 - -
340 70 125 - 285
140
425
91
-- -- 88
18
~
3
*
27 25 16 55 480 305 565 90 92 62 170
*
N-nitroso diphenyl BilE 62 1 - - - - -
-
-
-
-
aaine 2 -
3 41
bis(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
IIHE 66 1 13 33 22
-
440 250 300 - - - * -
•
•
2 30 29 17 * * * *- *
3 43 23 23 14 61 810 - - 250 • • •
Butyl benzyl
phthalate
BNE 67 1
2 21
28
13
16
10 • -
- - - - - •
- -
- •*
-
•
•
3 • 14 16 13 27 - - - - • 10 - *
di-n-butyl phthalate BNE 68 1 • 21 15 - - - - -- • •- - •
2 • • • • - •- 14 •
3 11 11 • • 22 - - - - - •
dt-n-oetyl phthalate IIHE 69 1 •
2
3
* •
TABLE B-14
Pa1e 3 of 3
AIIALniCAL USUL~_!)l PUOilln POU.UT.Aiml fOI. 1'81 PUTUA'IIIDIT S.lltPLIJIG I'I.OCUII - VUlt 2
SIIIIVOUTIU Oi.tWiiCS (WidiiiiA'fiCJa, VifiJ
I'01V 10. I ltfl-at to rOW !rca Lflaery Ro.
fllter
Poll Pri.a UQOJlll UaoJlll liaalll D Pri.- Dia.- Cake J(J( 43&
Pollutaat ** llo. Daz Iaf.a Bff. Iaf. Bff. Bff. Ceatrate ll!Y• ll!Y• <!ll!!l> 131: 21X 45X Direct 43& 16&
diethyl phthalate liNE 70 1 - 10 •
• - -
6 14 6 - - - • 11
1 * • 38 11
3 * * * - • 10 15 6
--
•- -
di.. thylphthalate llliB 71 1 - - - - - - -
1
3
-* *
benco(a)aathraceaett liNE 72 1
--
- - - -
-- • • • •
2
3 - - - - - - - 12 - - *
ChryHaetf llliB 76 1
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-- - - - - 12
* -- -* •* *
tl:l
I
Acenaphythyleae llliB 11 I
2
~
3 - - *
-...]
Anthracenet .... 78 I
2
*
*
*
*
*
* - -
- - - -
36
•
*
81
39
* * *
3 * * * - • - - - - 29 • S4 *
Fluoreae .... 80 1
1
•-
• - - 14 - - - -
3 * - -* - - - - - - *
*
Phenanthreaet BIIB 81 1 * - - - - • 81 * * *
2 * •* *
* - - 36
* 39
3 * * * - * - - - - 29
* S4 *
Pyrene liNE 84 1
z
-- -*
-
- - -
- - - - -- - • -
- - - * 16
* *
l - - - - - - * - *
IIOTB: Of 59 aeaivolatilea, only 31 were detected ..
* ia traces, but below 4etectioa liait
**t AB - Acid Blltractable; BIIB - Baae/Beutral Batractable
Anthracene and Phenanthrene are unreaolved
tt Chryaene and leaco (a) anthraceoe are unresolved
-
X
llot detected
Saaplea analyced by Vest Coast Technical Servicea
XX Saaplea analyced by Po.eroy, Johnatoa • Bailey
TABLE B-15
AnalYtical !Wsult:s of Priority Pollutants for the Pretreatment Samplinq Progr-- Week 2
Pesticides !Concentrations.u
PmW No.2
XX XX Effluent to POrW frqm Refinerl No.
Poll XX Priwary " Unox" Uno><" FinillX XX Pri~~ary Digest~ Filter 43x
Pollutdnt No. Day Int" Eff. Inf Eff Eff Centrate Sludge Sludge lJX 2lX 45X Direct 4lx 16X
Aldrin 89 1
.
2
Dicldrln 90
3
1
3.60 - 0.10 - - - - - - - 1.0 0.29 0.82
2
3
- - - - 0.08
4,4'-DDT 92 1 - - - - - - - -- - 0.30 - 4.90

2
3
-
O.ll
0.17
-
-
-
-- -- - - - -
0.08
0.39 -
0.09
- 0.83
4,4'-001> 93 1 - 0.09 0.35
2
3
0.19
-
-- 0.11
0.66.
-
-
-
0.17
0.17
4,4'-DDD 94 1 0.38
2
3
Arendosulfan-Alpha 95 1
2
Heptachlor 100
l
l
0.12
0.47
-
0.10
0.52
0.45
- 0.22
tJ1
I
2
3
-
0.70
- - - l. 75
~
Heptachlor 101 1
OJ
el'Oxide 2
l - 2.10 - - - - - - - - - - 0.32
A-BHC-Alpha 102 1 -
-
- 1.30
-
- - - - - - 0.52
2 0.24 1.5 1.62 - 0.17 0.27 o.36 2.21 0.41
3 0.88 - 1.20 1.40 0.76 - - - - 0.43 0.08
8-BHC-betii 101 1 - 0.16 o. 76
2 - - - - - - - - 0.32
3
R-BIIC-Gallllllii 104 1 - - 0.27
2
3
G-IIIIC-Delta 105 1 1.25 0.45 1.50
2
3 - - 0.27
NO'l'E; Of the 25 Pesticides, only 12 were found, however, none of theJD were conf{r.ed by GeMS
not detected
X sampl"s analyzed by West Coast 'l'echnica1 Services
XX samples analyzed by Pomeroy, Johnston and Bailey
ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR PRIORITY POLLUTANTS FOR THE PRETREATMENT SAMPLING PROGRAM - WEEK 2
METALS (CONCENTRATIONS, ug/1)
PO'lV No. 2 Effluent to POTW fro. Refinerz No.

Poll. Primary lfriox Unox Final Priaary Digested Filter 43x
Pollutant No. Day Influent Effluent Influent Effluent Effluent Centrate Sludge Sludge Cake 13 21 45 Direct 43 16
X X X X X XX XX XX xx(~) X X X X X X
Antimony 114 1 - - - - - 58 1000 625 7

2 33 33 - - 35 1000 1000 625 13
3
Arsenic 115 1 40 - 26 - 29 162 324 285 3 27 - - - 60

2 37 - - - - 196 427 297 2 - - - - 67 35
3 66 - 49 - - - - - - 69 34
Beryllium 117 1 - - - - - 10 4 4 0.04

2
3
- - - - - 2 10 10 0.07
CadmiUIII 118 1 28 12 13 - 20 580 2020 1050 16

tJj
I 2 27 20 14 - 25 1040 1200 1580 9
*"' 3 28 13 77 - 26
\0
Chromium 119 1 520 151 162 45 369 17100 57000 29600 461 1345 747 670 233 72 1644
2 427 154 177 45 334 27600 39600 42500 249 845 824 646 192 70 2196
3 573 164 1249 50 456 1133 1254 603 186 64 1800
Copper 120 1 376 141 251 24 390 6900 29000 13300 243 22 14 25 10 57 17
2 349 153 162 23 311 12300 31000 19200 173 - 17 19 - 47 12
3 529 176 1019 25 341 - 15 19 - 38 14
Lead 122 1 235 62 58 - 135 4200 18600 10800 214 43 42 33 35 - 39

2 220 62 50 - 126 7600 18200 15300 247 - 36
3 254 70 277 - 168 - 38 - - - 36
Mercury 123 1 0.25 1.69 1.82 2.46 0.49 94 124 232 1.6 0.79 - 0.67
2 0.37 0.25 0.43 - - 90 171 147 1.5 0.37 - 0.46
3 - 0.49 - - - 1.08
Nickel 124 1 399 208 220 206 290 3200 6650 6300 119
2 265 190 246 236 272 6500 6950 9810 67 - - - - 27
3 304 228 743 310 343
TOLE B-16 Page 2 of 2
AKALYTICAL USULTS FOR PIIOiliTY POLLUTAHTS FOil TB1 PUTUATIIIIIT SAIIPLIIIG PROGIWI - VUlt 2
IIITALS (COHCIIITIATIORS, y/1)
PO'lV llo. 2 Effluent to POTW fro• Refinerl No.

Poll. Pri-ry Uaox Unox rinal PrJ,..ry Digested rtlter 43x
Pollutant llo. Day Influent Effluent Influent Effluent Effluent Cent rate Slu .. ge Sludge Calte 13 21 45 Direct 43 16
X X X X X XX XX XX xx<!!lllka> X ll: X X ll: ll:
-
--- - - -
Selenlwa 125 1 35 29 5 5 6 0.06 101 132 248 90
-- -
2 33 36 37 5 5 7 0.06 109 33 158 514 199
3 37 66 - 110 - 140 - 682 149
- -
--- -
Silver 126 1 15 70 80 50 0.93
2 11 - - 11 60 100 90 1
3 13 - 40 10
Thalli till 127 1 - - - - - 10 80 10 0.3
2
3
- - - - - 50 50 50 0.3
tJj Zinc 128 1 945 274 232 144 820 25600 69000 47000 771 190 153 183 115 57 196
I 2 952 375 452 178 810 43400 52600 70000 457 116 173 182 137 49 405
Ul
0
3 1593 385 2086 178 1027 55 189 174 158 36 398
Notes: - Not Detected.

x Analyzed by EPA Region IV Laboratory
xx Analyzed by Poaeroy, Johnston and Bailey
Centrate, priaary sludge, digested sludge and filter cake were not aaapled for on day l.
APPENDIX C
GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS
Act: The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, P.L. 92-500,

October 18, 1972. As amended by the Clean Water Act of 1977.
Administrator: Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency whose duties are to administer the Act.
American Petroleum Institute et al. v. EPA, U.S. Court of Appeals
-Tenth Circuit, August 11, 1976. API challenged the regulations
promulgated in 1974. The Court upheld, BPT and NSPS, while
remanding BAT and storm water effluent guidelines.
Appendix ~ Pollutants: Pollutants listed in Appendix A of the

Settlement Agreement of June 7, 1976.
Best Available Technology Economically Achievable (BATEA Q£ BAT):
Treatment required by July 1, 1983, for industrial discharge to
surface waters as defined by Section 301 (b) (2) (A) of the Act.
Best Conventional Technology Economically Achievable (BCT):
Treatment required by July 1, 1984 for industrial discharge as
defined by Section 301 (b)(2)(E) of the Act.
Best Practicable Control Technology Currently Achievable (BPCTCA
Q£ BPT): Treatment required by July 1, 1977, for industrial
discharge to surface waters as defined by Section 301 (b) (1) (A)
of the Act.
Best Available Demonstrated Technology (BADT): Treatment required
for new sources as defined by Section 306 of the Act.
Catalyst: A substance that can change the rate of a chemical
reaction but is not involved in the reaction.
Conventional Pollutants: Conventional pollutants are those
defined in Section 304(a)(4) including: biological oxygen
demanding pollutants (BODS), total suspended solids (TSS), fecal
coliforming, and pH, and any additional pollutants defined by the
Administrator as "conventional" (oil a~d grease).
Data Validation: An operation performed to ensure the accuracy
and reliability of raw input information.
Dependent Variable: A variable whose value is a function of one
or more independent variables.
Direct Discharger: A facility which discharges or may discharge
pollutants into waters of the United States.
C-1
Economics Survey: Survey mailed by the Office of Analysis and
Evaluation of EPA to the petroleum refining industry, pursuant to
Section 308 of the Act requesting data on the economic status of
petroleum refineries.
End-of-Pipe Treatment (Control): Wastewater treatment
technologies that are used after gravity oil separation.
Flow Model: A mathematical model of the effluent wastewater flow.
Independent Variable: A variable whose value is not dependent on
the value of any other variable.
Indirect Discharger: A facility which discharges or may
discharge pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works.
In-plant Treatment Control: Treatment techniques that are used to
reduce, reuse, recycle, or treat wastewater before end-of-pipe
treatment.
Linear Regression: A method to fit a line through a set of points
so that the sum of squared vertical deviations of the point
values from the fitted line is a minimum; i.e., no other line, no
matter how it is computed, will have a smaller sum of squared
distances between the actual and predicted values of the
dependent variable.
Mathematical Model: A quantitative equation or system of
equations formulated so that the structure of a situation and the
relationships among the relevant variables are reasonably
depicted.
Mean Value: The statistical expected or average figure.
Multiple Linear Regression: A method to fit a plane through a set
of points so that the sum of squared distances between the
individual observations and the estimated plane is a minimum.
This statistical technique is an extension of linear regression
in that more than one independent variable is used in the least
squares equation.
Portfolios ~ ~: The two sections that make up the 1977 U.S. EPA
Petroleum Refining Industry Survey (see "1977 Survey").
Priority Pollutants: Pollutants included in Tables VI-5 and VI-6
of this document.
Process Configuration: A numerical measurement of a refinery's
process complexity that was developed for use in calculating BPT
limitations for this industry.
C-2
Process Factor: A factor that is based on process configuration
and used in calculating BPT Limitations for a particular
petroleum refinery.
Random Process: A procedure that varies according to some
probability function.
Random Variable : A variable whose values occur according to the
distribution of some probability function.
Regression Statistics: Values generated during a regression
analysis that identify the significance, or reliability, of the
regression-generated figures.
Regression Model~ A mathematical model, usually ~ single
equation, developed using a least squares linear regression
analysis.
Residuals: The differences between the expected and actual values
in a regression analysis.
Settlement Agreement of June 2L 1976: Agreement between the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and various environmental
groups, as instituted by the United States District Court for the
District of Columbia, directing the EPA to study and promulgate
regulations for a list of chemical substances, referred to as
Appendix A Pollutants.
Significance: A statistical measure of the validity, confidence,
and reliability of a figure.
Size Factor: A factor that is based on a petroleum refinery's
size and used in calculating a petroleum refinery's BPT
limitations.
Sour Waters: Wastewaters containing sulfur compounds, such as
sulfides and mercaptans.
Statistical Stability: A condition in which when a process is
repeated over time, differences occur that are due solely to
random processes.
Statistical Variance: The sum of the squared deviations about the
mean value in proportion to the likelihood of occurrence. A
measure used to identify the dispersion of a set of data.
The 1977 EPA Petroleum Refining Industry Survey (1977 Survey): A
survey mailed pursuant to Section 308 of the Act to 274
refineries on February 11, 1977, and an additional 23 refineries
on August 12, 1977. The survey was issued in two sections,
Portfolio A and Portfolio B, requesting data on various aspects
of process operations, wastewater production, and wastewater
treatment.
C-3
Tolerance Limits: Numerical values identifying the acceptable
range of some variable.
Traditional Pollutant Parameters: Pollutant parameters considered
and used in the development of BPT limitations guidelines. These
parameters include, but are not limited to BOD, COD, TOC, TSS,
and ammonia.
C-4
ABBREVIATIONS
API: American Petroleum Institute
BATEA (BAT): Best Available Technology Economically Achievable
bbl: Barrel
BCTEA (BCT): Best Conventional Technology Economically

Achievable Under Section 304(b)(4) of the Act.
BODS: Five Day Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BPCTCA (BPT): Best Practicable Control Technology Currently

Available Under Section 304(b)(1) of the Act.
B & R: Burns and Roe
COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand

DMR: Discharge Monitoring Report
EPA: u.s. Environmental Protection Agency

GC: Gas Chromatography
Kg/m3: Kilograms Per Cubic Meter
lb/bbl: Pounds Per Barrel (One Barrel Equals 42 Gallons)
MS: Mass Spectrometry
MGD: Million Gallons Per Day
mg/L: Milligrams Per Liter

NPDES: National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Permit Issued Under Section 402 of the Act.
NSPS: New Source Performance Standards Under Section 306
of the Act.
POTW: Publicly Owned Treatment Works
ppb: Parts Per Billion
PSES: Pretreatment Standards for New Sources of Indirect

Discharges Under Section 307(b) of the Act.
PSNS: Pretreatment Standards for New Sources of Indirect

Discharges Under Section 307(b) of the Act.
C-5
ABBREVIATIONS
(Continued)
RCRA: Resources Conservation and Recovery Act (P.L.

94-580) of 1978, Amendments to Solid Waste
Disposal Act.
RSKERL: Robert s. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
S & A: Surveillance and Analysis
SPSS: Statistical Package·for the Social Sciences
TOC: Total Organic Carbon
TSS: Total Suspended Solids
ug/L: Micrograms Per Liter
*U.s. GOVERNMEIIT PRINTING OFFICE : 1982 0-381-085/4492 C-6

Petro 1982

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Petro 1982

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Petro 1982

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT

EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES

Effluent Guidelines Division

III. DESCRIPTION OF INDUSTRY 21

IV. INDUSTRY SUBCATEGORIZATION 61

VI. SELECTION OF POLLUTANTS TO BE REGULATED 121

APPENDIX A COSTS OF TREATMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEMS A-1

TABLE TITLE PAGE

I-1 Effluent Guidelines - Petroleum Refining Point 3

I-3 Effluent Guidelines - Petroleum Refining Point 5

TABLE TITLE PAGE

III-4 Sources of Supply for u.s. Petroleum Feedstocks 44

III-5 Characteristics of Crude Oils from Major Fields 45

V-11 Summary of Analytical Data Petroleum Refining 87

TABLE TITLE ~AGE

V-13 Summary of Analytical Data Petroleum Refining 89

V-16 Summary of Analytical Data Petroleum Refining 92

TABLE TITLE PAGE

V-29 Final Effluent Priority Pollutants - Summary of 109

V-30 Most Frequently Occurring Priority Pollutants - 112

V-31 Most Frequently Occurring Priority Pollutants - 113

V-32 Potential Surrogates for Priority Pollutants - 114

V-33 Summary of 1976 Net Wastewater Flow - By Refinery 115

V-34 Summary of 1976 Net Wastewater Flow - By Refinery 116

VI-1 Flow - Weighted Concentrations and Loadings for 131

VI-2 Flow - Weighted Concentrations and Loadings for 133

VI-3 Direct Discharge - Intake Water Priority Pollutant 134

VI-4 Direct Discharge - Separator Effluent Priority 137

VI-5 Priority Pollutants Not Detected in Treated 140

VI-6 Priority Pollutants Detected in Treated Effluents 142

VI-7 Statistical Analysis Table for the Petroleum 143

VI-8 Priority Pollutants Not Detected in Effluents 144

TABLE TITLE PAGE

TABLE TITLE PAGE

A-4 Filtration Equipment Cost Basis and Energy A-17

TABLE TITLE PAGE

A-16 PACT Comparison of Operating Costs, Carbon A-29

A-17 Powdered Activated Carbon Equipment Cost Basis A-30

A-18 Powdered Activated Carbon Capital Costs Including A-31

A-19 Powdered Activated Carbon Annual Operating Costs A-32

A-20 Granular Activated Carbon Equipment Cost Basis A-33

A-21 Granular Activated Carbon Capital Costs A-34

A-22 Granular Activated Carbon Annual Operating Costs A-35

A-24 Cooling Tower Blowdown Rates Petroleum Refining A-37

A-25 Chromium Removal Systems Equipment Cost Basis A-38

A-26 Chromium Removal Systems Capital and Operating A-a9

A-27 Wastewater Recycle Capital and Operating Costs A-40

A-30 Capital and Operating Costs, Indirect Discharge - A-47

A-31 Capital and Operating Costs, Indirect Discharge - A-50

TABLE TITLE PAGE

TABLE TITLE PAGE

B-16 Analytical Results for Priority Pollutants for B-49

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

I-1 Effluent Guidelines - Petroleum Refining Point 13

III-1 Geographical Distribution of Petroleum Refineries 56

III-2 Crude Desalting {Electrostatic Desalting) 57

III-3 Crude Fractionation {Crude Distillation, Three 58

V-1 Histogram of Net Wastewater Flow by Size Class 117

V-3 Historical Trend of Total Industry Water Usage 119