Fm transmitter

1.

A short range FM transmitter is a low-power FM radio transmitter that broadcasts a

signal from a portable audio device (such as an MP3 player) to a standard FM radio.
Most of these transmitters plug into the device's headphone jack and then broadcast the
signal over an FM broadcast band frequency, so that it can be picked up by any nearby
radio. This allows portable audio devices to make use of the louder or better sound
quality of a home audio system or car stereo without requiring a wired connection.
Being low-powered, most transmitters typically have a short range of 100–300 feet (30–
100 meters), depending on the quality of the receiver, obstructions and elevation.
Typically they broadcast on any FM frequency from 87.5 to 108.0 MHz in most of the
world . In this project we design the circuit in such a way that ,the circuit will collect the
input through aux cable and broadcast with in FM frequency range. The broadcasted
output can be collected with a FM radio.

Now I am going to instruct how to make a FM Transmitter with less number of

components.

Step 1: Components Required

Transistors

2N3904 - 2 [ Banggood ]

Resistors [ Banggood ]

100k Ω - 1

100Ω - 1

1M Ω - 1

1k Ω - 1

10k Ω - 3

Inductors

0.1µH inductor (Air coil)

Capacitors [ Banggood ]

0.1µF - 2

40 pf trimmer - 1

4.7 pF - 1

10pF - 1

Other

Anetenna

9V battery and clip [ Banggood ]

PCB [ Banggood ]
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 Step 2: Circuiting

I attached the pcb layout , you can directly use this , to etch the pcb.

Fritzing file of circuit is attached.

Once the pcb is prepared, insert the components in to pcb according too circuit and
solder it.

Now we need to make Inductor, Take a copper wire of 18 gauge or 22 gauge.

For 18 Gauge wire, form a inductor with 4-5 turns of 1/4 inch (or)

For 22 Gauge wire, form a inductor with 8-10 turns of 1/4 inch.

Now solder the Inductor to the circuit,

If you have antenna, solder it or take hook up wire of 8-10cm as antenna.

I used 3.5mm female audio jack , because we can frequently plugin mic,audio devices
easily.
If you uses mic ,it senses the audio and broadcast to near by fm radio. It can also be
used as spy bug.

Step 3: Making PCB

Step 4: Tuning Transmitter

Now the time to tune the transmitter, which is very hard and time taken process. Be
patience while tuning.

By varying the trimmer capacitor ,you can vary the transmission frequency.

Slowly vary the trimmer capacitor, then at a point you can hear some distortion in radio.

Then slowly vary in that area, when transmitter and receiver frequency matches you can
get the clear output from radio.

By tuning the frequency , making of FM transmitter is completed.

For detailed construction check the video below.

Step 5: Construction and Testing

2.
The FM transmitter is a single transistor circuit. In the telecommunication, the frequency modulation
(FM) transfers the information by varying the frequency of carrier wave according to the message signal.
Generally, the FM transmitter uses VHF radio frequencies of 87.5 to 108.0 MHz to transmit & receive the FM
signal. This transmitter accomplishes the most excellent range with less power. The performance and working
of the wireless audio transmitter circuit is depends on the induction coil & variable capacitor. This article will
explain about the working of the FM transmitter circuit with its applications.
What is an FM Transmitter?
The FM transmitter is a low power transmitter and it uses FM waves for transmitting the sound, this transmitter
transmits the audio signals through the carrier wave by the difference of frequency. The carrier wave
frequency is equivalent to the audio signal of the amplitude and the FM transmitter produce VHF band of 88 to
108MHZ.
Block Diagram of FM Transmitter
The following image shows the block diagram of the FM transmitter and the required components of the FM
transmitter are; microphone, audio pre amplifier, modulator, oscillator, RF- amplifier and antenna. There are
two frequencies in the FM signal, first one is carrier frequency and the other one is audio frequency. The audio
frequency is used to modulate the carrier frequency. The FM signal is obtained by differing the carrier
frequency by allowing the AF. The FM transistor consists of oscillator to produce the RF signal.

Block Diagram of FM Transmitter

Working of FM Transmitter Circuit

The following circuit diagram shows the FM transmitter circuit and the required electrical and electronic
components for this circuit is the power supply of 9V, resistor, capacitor, trimmer capacitor, inductor, mic,
transmitter, and antenna. Let us consider the microphone to understand the sound signals and inside the mic
there is a presence of capacitive sensor. It produces according to the vibration to the change of air pressure
and the AC signal.

FM Transmitter Circuit

The formation of the oscillating tank circuit can be done through the transistor of 2N3904 by using the inductor
and variable capacitor. The transistor used in this circuit is an NPN transistor used for general purpose
amplification. If the current is passed at the inductor L1 and variable capacitor then the tank circuit will oscillate
at the resonant carrier frequency of the FM modulation. The negative feedback will be the capacitor C2 to the
oscillating tank circuit.
 To generate the radio frequency carrier waves the FM transmitter circuit requires an oscillator. The tank circuit
is derived from the LC circuit to store the energy for oscillations. The input audio signal from the mic
penetrated to the base of the transistor, which modulates the LC tank circuit carrier frequency in FM format.
The variable capacitor is used to change the resonant frequency for fine modification to the FM frequency
band. The modulated signal from the antenna is radiated as radio waves at the FM frequency band and the
antenna is nothing but copper wire of 20cm long and 24 gauge. In this circuit the length of the antenna should
be significant and here you can use the 25-27 inches long copper wire of the antenna.
Application of Fm Transmitter
 The FM transmitters are used in the homes like sound systems in halls to fill the sound with the audio source.
 These are also used in the cars and fitness centers.
 The correctional facilities have used in the FM transmitters to reduce the prison noise in common areas.
Advantages of the FM Transmitters
 The FM transmitters are easy to use and the price is low
 The efficiency of the transmitter is very high
 It has a large operating range
 This transmitter will reject the noise signal from an amplitude variation.
Disadvantages of the FM Transmitter
 In the FM transmitter the huge wider channel is required.
 The FM transmitter and receiver will tend to be more complex.
 Due to some interference there is poor quality in the received signals
In this article we have discussed about the FM transmitter circuit working and its applications. I hope by
reading this article you have gained some basic knowledge about the working of FM transmitter. If you have
any queries about this article or to implement electronics projects for engineering students, please feel free to
comment in the below section. Here is the question for you, what is the function of the FM transmitter?

3.
EQUIPMENT

To carry out this experiment, you will need: TBS1KB-Edu Digital Oscilloscope of BW > 100 MHz from Tektronix Transistor (2n3904)
Microphone / Condenser MIC Resistors (4.7K, 1K) Capacitors (4.7pF, 1nF, 22nF, 6.8pF) Inductor (0.47uH) DC Power Supply - 9V
Voltage probe (provided with oscilloscope) / BNC cables Connecting wires

THEORY

A personal FM transmitter is a low-power FM radio transmitter which broadcasts audio (often from an MP3 player or a
microphone) to a standard FM radio, such as those found in cars. Most transmitters plug into the music player's headphone jack
and then broadcast the signal over an FM broadcast band frequency so that it can be picked up by any nearby radio. This allows
portable audio devices to make use of the better sound quality of a home audio system or car stereo without requiring a wired
connection between them. Often called simply an FM transmitter, it is a low power device which only works over distances of a few
centimeters, compared to high powered commercial FM broadcasting transmitters which can be received many miles away.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

The microphone converts the sound into electric signal The audio signals are then amplified by a low power amplifier made using
Transistor 2n3904. The transistor amplifier circuit amplifies as well as modulates the weak signal from the microphone and feeds to
a LC tank circuit. The LC tank circuit generates the carrier signal and it defines the transmitting frequency of FM.

CALCULATIONS

The transmitting can be defined by the capacitor and inductor (L1and C2), which is calculated using the formula

With L=0.47, C=6.8pF, we get f = 89.02 MHz

Waveforms: Microphone Output

 Procedures

Step 1 SOURCE SETUP Connect the connections as per the circuit diagram.

Step 2 SCOPE SETUP Power ON the oscilloscope Connect the Channel 1 probe of the oscilloscope across MIC output and Channel
2 across collector and ground of transistor Acquire the signal(s) from circuit on oscilloscope

Step 3 Channel 1 will show the audio signal - voice that is converted to electrical signals by MIC Collector output of the transistor
will show the carrier signal

Step 4 MEASUREMENT CONFIGURATION Using FFT, look at the frequency spectrum of the voice/audio signal coming from MIC.
Verify that it would be bandlimited to 20kHz.

Step 5 MEASUREMENT CONFIGURATION Add FREQUENCY measurement on CH2 - note the measured carrier frequency and
verify against the calculated one.

Step 6 Check the output between antenna and ground by probing on CH2. Observe and verify FM modulated wave.

4.
FM Transmitter Circuit Principle:
FM transmission is done by the process of audio pre amplification, modulation and then transmission. Here
we have adapted the same formula by first amplifying the audio signal, generating a carrier signal using an
oscillating and then modulating the carrier signal with the amplified audio signal. The amplification is done by
an amplifier, whereas the modulation and carrier signal generation is done by an variable frequency oscillator
circuit. The frequency is set at anywhere between the FM frequency range from 88MHz to 108MHz. The
power of the FM signal from the oscillator is then amplified using a power amplifier to produce a low
impedance output, matching that with the antenna.
Related Post: How TV Transmitter Circuit Works?

Circuit Diagram of 2 km FM Transmitter Circuit:

FM Transmitter Circuit Diagram – ElectronicsHub.Org

Circuit Components:

COMPONENT NAME VALUE

R1 18K

R2 22K

R3 90K

R4 5K

R5 540 Ohms

R6 9K

R7 40K
COMPONENT NAME VALUE

R8 1K

R9 20K

C1 5uF, Electrolyte

C2 47uF, Electrolyte

C3 0.01uF, Electrolyte

C4 15uF, Electrolyte

C5 0.01uF, Ceramic

C6 20pF, Variable Capacitor

C7 10pF, Ceramic

C8 20pF, Variable Capacitor

L1, L2 0.2uH

Antenna 30 Inches Long Wire or Telescopic Antenna

V1 9V Battery

Audio Input Microphone

FM Transmitter Circuit Design:

Design of Audio Pre-amplifier:

Here we are designing a simple single stage common emitter amplifier as the pre-amplifier.

a) Selection of Vcc: Here we have selected the NPN Bipolar Junction Transistor, BC109. Since V CEO for this
transistor is around 40V, we choose a much lesser Vcc, of about 9V.

b) Selection of Load Resistor, R4: To calculate the value of load resistor, we first need to calculate the
quiescent collector current. Let us assume this value to be about 1mA. The collector voltage needs to be
about half of Vcc. This gives the value of load resistor, R4 as : Vc/Iq = 4.5K. We select a 5K resistor for better
operation.

c) Selection of Voltage Divider Resistors R2 and R3: To calculate the value of the voltage divider resistors,
we need to calculate the bias current as well the voltage across the resistors. The bias current is
approximated to be 10 times the base current. Now base current, Ib is equal to the collector current divided by
the current gain, hfe. This gives the value of Ib to be 0.008mA. The bias current is thus 0.08mA.

The voltage across the base, Vb is assumed to be 0.7V more than the emitter voltage Ve. Now assume the
emitter voltage to be 12% of Vcc, i.e. 1.08V. This gives Vb to be 1.78V.

Thus, R2 = Vb/Ibias = 22.25K. Here we select a 22K resistor.

R3= (Vcc-Vb/Ibias = 90.1K. Here we select a 90K resistor.

d) Selection of Emitter Resistor R5: The value of R5 is given by Ve/Ie, where Ie is the emitter current and is
approximately equal to the collector current. This gives R5 = (Ve/Ie) = 540 Ohms. Here we select a 500Ohms
resistor. It serves the purpose of bypassing the emitter current.

e) Selection of coupling capacitor, C1: Here this capacitor serves the purpose of modulating the current
going through the transistor. A large value indicates low frequency (bass), whereas a lesser value increases
treble (higher frequency). Here we select a value of 5 uF.

f) Selection of Microphone Resistor R1: The purpose of this resistor is to limit the current through the
microphone, which should be less than the maximum current a microphone can handle. Let us assume the
current through microphone to be 0.4mA. This gives the value of Rm = (Vcc-Vb)/0.4 = 18.05K. Here we select
a 18K resistor.

g) Selection of Bypass Capacitor, C4: Here we select an electrolyte capacitor of 15 uF, which bypasses the
DC signal.

[Also Read:How to build Adjustable Timer]

Design of Oscillator Circuit:

a) Selection of tank circuit components – L1 and C6: We know the frequency of oscillations is given by

f = 1/(2∏√LC)
Here we require a frequency between 88 MHz to 100 MHz. Let us select a 0.2uH inductor. This gives value of
C6 to be around 12pF. Here we select a variable capacitor in the range 5 to 20pF.

b) Selection of Tank Capacitor, C9: This capacitor serves the purpose of keeping the tank circuit to vibrate.
Since here we are using BJT 2N222, we prefer the value of C9 between 4 to 10 pF. Let us select a 5 pF
capacitor.

c) Selection of bias resistors R6 and R7: Using the same method for calculation of bias resistors, as in the
preamplifier design, we select the values of bias resistors R6 and R7 to be 9 K and 40 K respectively.

d) Selection of coupling capacitor, C3: Here we select electrolyte capacitors of about 0.01 uF as the
coupling capacitor.

e) Selection of emitter resistor, R8: Using the same calculations as for the amplifier circuit, we get the value
of emitter resistor to be around 1K.

Design of Power Amplifier Circuit:

Since we require a low power output, we prefer using a class A power amplifier with LC tank circuit at the
output. The values of the tank circuit components are same as that in oscillator circuit. Here we select the
biasing resistor to be about 20 K and coupling capacitor of about 10 pF.

Selection of Antenna:

Since the range is about 2 km, we can prepare an antenna using a stick antenna or a wire of 30 inches
approximately which would be about 1/4th of the transmitting wavelength.

Theory Behind FM Transmitter Circuit:

Audio signal from the microphone is very low level signal, of the order of mill volts. This extremely small
voltage needs to be first amplified. A common emitter configuration of a bipolar transistor, biased to operate in
class A region, produces an amplified inverted signal.

Another important aspect of this circuit is the colpitt oscillator circuit. This is a LC oscillator where energy
moves back and forth between the inductor and capacitor forming oscillations. It is mainly used for RF
application.

When this oscillator is given a voltage input, the output signal is a mixture of the input signal and the
oscillating output signal, producing a modulated signal. In other words, the frequency of the oscillator
generated circuit varies with the application of an input signal, producing a frequency modulated signal.

How to Operate FM Transmitter Circuit?

Audio input from the microphone or any other device is first amplified using the common emitter configuration
of BC109. This amplified signal is then given to the oscillator circuit through the coupling capacitor. The
oscillator circuit generates a signal with a frequency determined by the value of the variable capacitor. The
output signal from the emitter of the transistor is coupled to the input of the power amplifier transistor using the
coupling capacitor. As this signal is amplified, the variable capacitor in the power amplifier section tends to
maintain an output matching with that of the oscillator. The amplified RF signal is then transmitted using
antenna.
Applications of FM Transmitter Circuit:

This circuit can be used at any place to transmit audio signals using FM transmission, especially at institutions
and organizations.

Limitations:

This circuit is for educational purposes and may require more practical approach.

5.
How FM Transmitter Works
A FM transmitter is a device that uses the principles of frequency modulation to broadcast sound supplied at its input. Typical
FM transmitter design’s usually follow the block diagram below;

The signal strength of audio inputs into the transmitter is usually low therefore an amplifier is usually built to bring the signal
level up. Based on the desired frequency for transmission (which is usually between the FM frequency band, 88MHz to
108MHz), the carrier frequency is generated using an oscillator circuit and mixed with audio signal to create the modulated
signal. The modulated signal is then passed through a power amplifier at the transmission stage to create low impedance
which is matched with the antenna.

Required Components
The following components are required to build this FM Transmitter Project:
1. 2n2222 NPN Transistor x2
2. Condenser mic/ audio jack or any other Audio Input part
3. 100nf Ceramic capacitor x1
4. 10nf ceramic capacitor x1
5. 4 pf ceramic capacitor x1
6. 100 ohms resistor x1
7. 10k resistor x 3
8. 1k resistor x 1
9. 100k resistor x1
10. 1M resistor x1
11. Variable Capacitor 20pf
12. Gauge 18 - 22 copper wire
13. 9v battery
14. 9v battery Cap
Most of these components can be salvaged from old parts.

Circuit Diagram and Explanation

Connect the components as shown in the FM transmitter schematic below.
This is how FM transmitter circuit looks on breadboard

The audio output signal from the microphone is usually small, the first transistor thus performs the job of amplifying that signal
to a level good enough for transmission. After amplification as described earlier, the next stage of the FM transmitter is
modulation. At this stage the amplified audio signal is then mixed with the carrier frequency at with which the signal is to be
transmitted. This carrier frequency can be varied using the 20pF variable capacitor connected with the inductor, and the
typical frequency band of this particular design is between the 88MHz to 108MHz and since there is no visual output to
recognize the exact frequency at which the transmitter is working, you will need to adjust your FM receiver radio within the
range of the frequencies mentioned to get the frequency at which the transmitter is transmitting. After modulating the Audio
signal with the carrier frequency, the signal is then sent out through the antenna.
The air core inductor is made by winding a 8 to 10 turns of 18 – 22 gauge wire around a ¼ inch former which can be
represented by a pencil. The values of components used for these tutorials are not stringent and for learning purpose, you
can play around with the resistor and capacitor values to optimize the performance of the transmitter.
Asides from the uses mentioned above, FM transmitters along with this design can be used to create things like baby monitor,
Address system for a school etc. DO ENSURE to check the laws of your location before building any of those useful things.
6.

How to make an FM transmitter

January 26, 2011

311995

After getting several comments from young electronic students , I am rewriting this article to make the FM transmitter making
process more clear.

This tutorial is for making simplest FM transmitter using one transistor. You can make this project with less components and it
is an easy and simple project for beginners.

Before you proceed, please see the schematic given below. In the schematic, you will see the components required for making
an FM transmitter.The transmission range of this circuit is approximately 10-20 meters.

The schematic of FM transmitter is given below:

You need the following components for this experiment:

1. Q1- Transistor- 2N3904

2. Capacitors- 4.7pF, 20pF, 0.001uF, 22nF.

Note: 0.001uF has code 102 and 22nF has code 223.

3. Variable capacitor: VC1. It is also called trimmer capacitor. You can buy one from your local store. The capacitance range
should be 0-100pF or 10-100pF. If you cannot get one, try to get a trimmer capacitor that has minimum capacitance of 20pF.
You can also get such capacitor from your broken radio, but you may need assistance in getting that out from your radio.

4. Resistors- 4.7 kilo Ohm, 470 Ohm

5. Condensor/ Electret Microphone

On your electret microphone, you will see that on one of the pins, there is solder pad connected to the case of microphone.
Remember that pin is always negative.
6. Inductor- 0.1uF.

6-7 turns using 26 SWG wire.

You need to scrap the ends of inductor, otherwise, the inductor won’t work. Check the video given below to know how to
make an inductor.

Or you can also use another inductor.

0.1uH

Learn to make an inductor for FM transmitter

7. Antenna: Use 15cm to 1 meter long wire for antenna. If you have a long antenna, the signal transmission will be better.
The following picture shows the components used for making FM transmitter. You can simply follow the steps shown below.

On the image shown below, you can notice that I have not used a trimmer/variable capacitor. I have used a fixed 20pF
capacitor instead. So, if you don’t have a variable capacitor, you can use a fixed capacitor also.

Insert transistor, resistors and capacitors on breadboard. You can see the values of the components on the previous picture.

Then insert electret microphone.

NOTE: terminal touching the casing is -ve

Use 15cm long antenna. You can use a normal wire for antenna.
Then, with a non-conductive tool, adjust the capacitor for the clearest reception, rotate it till the receiver receives a sound from
the microphone of transmitter. Use the following formula for determining the frequency.

Set your FM receiver for a clear, blank station.

7.
This project will demonstrate how a simple 88MHz–110MHz FM transmitter can be built
using very few parts and just one transistor. The transmitter can be attached to just about
any electronic circuit to transmit information (both analog and digital), to create spy bugs,
simple satellite circuits, and even radio coms.

DIY FM Transmitter Schematic

How Does the FM Transmitter Work?

The circuit has three main stages, the input stage, the modulation stage, and the output.
The input stage consists of capacitors C3 and C1, and resistor R1. Input signals into the
FM transmitter must not contain a DC component as it would adversely affect the
modulation/oscillation stage (by saturating the transistor) and therefore no FM signal
would be generated. C3 is used to couple the input signal so that no DC component is fed
into the transmitter. R1 provides biasing for the transistor by feeding a small amount of
current into the base (which prevents the transistor from turning off).

The next stage is the modulation/oscillation stage which provides a carrier signal which is
then modulated by the input signal. The oscillator consists of C2, L1, C4 and R2 with the
frequency of oscillation being determined by C2 and L1 only. When power is applied to
the circuit, a rush of current flows through the inductor. This rush of current will also pass
through C4 via capacitive coupling which will result in current flowing through R2.
Current flowing through R2 will result in a voltage drop across R2 and since R2 is
connected to the emitter of Q1, the same voltage will be present on the emitter of Q1. This
increase in voltage on the emitter therefore results in a smaller value of Vbe and this
reduction in Vbe reduces the conduction of Q1. As C4 begins to charge the amount of
current flowing through C4 reduces which results in less current flowing through R2.
When this happens the voltage across R2 reduces which increases the size of Vbe and
therefore increases the conduction of Q1. This increase in conduction results in C4
discharging and the whole cycle starting all over again.

Modulation is achieved thanks to parasitic capacitances inherent in BJT transistors.

Between the base – emitter, base – collector, and collector – base, are parasitic
capacitances whose capacitance value depends on the base current. By altering the base
current these values change as well and since the oscillation in the circuit is dependent on
all capacitors and inductors in the LC tank, the parasitic capacitances also affect the
frequency of oscillation. Therefore, by changing the base current you change the frequency
of the oscillation which is how the FM (frequency modulation) signal is produced.

Emitting the FM signal is done by AE1 which is a long piece of wire. The modulated
signal is fed into the antenna which helps to transmit the EM waves generated by the
current as it oscillates.
 My PCB layout

Construction

Building the circuit is very easy and can be done using either stripboard, breadboard, or
even a PCB. The inductor L1 consists of 6 turns evenly spaced using thick copper wire
(approximately 1mm in diameter) where the inductor has an overall diameter of 6mm. The
KiCad project (along with the PCB) is included in a zip file which can be downloaded
here: FM Transmitter KiCad Files
 My finished FM transmitter!

Using Your FM Transmitter

Using the FM transmitter is fairly easy providing that an external FM receiver is available.
Start by choosing an FM frequency on the radio that is empty (to ensure that your
transmitter does not interfere with other stations). Then, feed a signal into the FM
transmitter such as the audio output of an MP3 player or an electret microphone circuit.
Using a plastic or other non-conductive implement, slowly tune C2 until the signal fed into
the transmitter can be heard on the radio. At that point, the transmitter is broadcasting on
the frequency selected on the radio and the signal should be detectable from up to 20
meters away.

8.
What is FM transmitter circuit
The FM transmitter circuit (Frequency modulation) is a circuit made up of a single transistor or a BJT. In a wireless
communication, the (frequency modulation) FM carries the data or information by changing the frequency of the carrier wave
as per the information or a message signal.
The Fm transmitter achieves the application of (very high frequency) VHF radio frequencies of 87.5 HZ to 108 MHZ in
both transmission as well as receiving the Signal. The FM Transmitter completes the most excellent volume with in less power.
The performance and working of the FM transmitter circuit is dependent upon the variable capacitor and inductor. In
the article, you are going to learn that how you can prepare a FM transmitter circuit and how does it work with its
various applications.
Things you must know about FM Transmitter
The FM transmitter is a circuit that uses a very low power to operate and does uses (Frequency Modulation) FM Waves
to transmit the sound. With the help of such FM transmitters we can easily transmit the audio signals with through the carrier
waves with different frequency.

The frequency of the carrier wave would be the same as for the audio signal with an amplitude. The FM Transmitter produces
a range of VHF from 88 HZ to 108 MHZ.

Block Diagram for FM transmitter circuit

Components required for FM transmitter circuit are modulator, oscillator, RF-Amplifier, Audio pre-amplifier, microphone
and antenna. The Diagram shows the Block diagram for FM transmitter circuit. There are two types of frequency signals in
the signal :
 Carrier signal (with carrier frequency)
 Audio signal (With audio frequency)

FM transmitter circuit Block diagram

The carrier frequency is obtained by modulating the audio signals. The (Frequency Modulation) FM signal is obtained by
differentiating the carrier frequency and by allowing the Audio frequency. The transistor is used for oscillator purpose in order
to obtain Radio Frequency signal.

Working of simple FM Transmitter Circuit explanation

The circuit diagram shown for FM transmitter circuit and the electronic components are the resistor, capacitor, trimmer or
variable capacitor, inductor (coil), transmitter, mic, 9v of power supply or 7809 Voltage regulator (in case if you are using input
voltage more than 9v) and an antenna. The mic or a microphone is assumed to grab the sound signals and there is a
presence of sensor with capacitance value inside the mic. The change in pressure of air or AC signal causes in production of
such capacitance.
 Simple FM Transmitter Circuit Diagram

The Oscillation circuit could be made with the help of Transistor 2N3904, Inductor and the variable capacitor. The Transistor
2N3904 used in FM Transmitter Circuit. It is a NPN transistor which is basically used for signal and voltage amplification
purposes. If the current is passed through L1 Inductor and the variable capacitor, the FM Transmitter Circuit will
start oscillating with the resonant to that of the carrier frequency (I.e frequency of the carrier signal).
The negative current or the negative feedback will result C2 Capacitor to the Transmitter Circuit. The oscillator is required
in FM Transmitter Circuit in order to generate the radio frequency carrier waves. The transmitter circuit is capable of storing
the energy for the oscillation as it is a derived from the (inductor and capacitor) LC circuits. The audio I.e input signal obtained
from the mic is passed through the base of the transistor in order to modulate the output signal of the LC circuit in FM
(I.e frequency modulation wave) Form.

Here, the main purpose of the variable capacitor becomes that to vary the resonant frequency in order to obtain the best FM
Signal Frequency band. The modulated signal is then transmit or radiated as a radio wave with the frequency of FM frequency
range. The antenna is nothing but a piece of good conductor, in our application we’d used a copper wire of 30cm long and
26 gauges thick. You can use copper wire up to 25-27 inches long as an antenna in the circuit, the length of the antenna
however must be significant.

Application of FM Transmitter Circuit

 FM Transmitter Circuit are used in a sound system as a signal transmitter.
 These are used in wireless components used in vehicles and offices.
 The circuits are used to make FM transmitters used to reduce the noise in certain places.

Advantages of FM Transmitter Circuit

 The FM Transmitter Circuit could be made very easily as the very common components are used which are very cheap and
easily available.
 Above circuit gives the very high efficiency in transmitting signal in a shorter range.
 The circuit is best suited for demonstration and fm transmitter circuit project.
 The circuit does have a large and complicated components.
 The transmitter circuit is capable to neglect the noise signal through the amplitude variation.

Disadvantages of FM Transmitter Circuit

 In above FM Transmitter Circuit, there is a large wider channel needed.
 With the Circuit, the transmitter as well as the receiver tends to become more difficult.
 The received signal gets poor quality as there an interference occurs in the medium.
 The above circuit is not good enough for high power fm transmitter circuit purpose.
After making the FM Transmitter Circuit you will be able to understand the basic working and application of the transmitter.
Hope the article helped you. Feel free to share about how do you like or your queries in a comment below.

9.