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Objective: Software Used: Computer Specifications:: To Understand Bi-Section Method. Matlab

The document discusses and compares three root-finding algorithms: bisection method, regula falsi method, and Newton-Raphson method. It provides the objective, software, and specifications for implementing each method in MATLAB. For each method, it includes the flowchart, MATLAB code, iterations/outputs, and concludes with a brief result on the method's convergence properties and advantages.

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Abhishek Bhalla
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84 views15 pages

Objective: Software Used: Computer Specifications:: To Understand Bi-Section Method. Matlab

The document discusses and compares three root-finding algorithms: bisection method, regula falsi method, and Newton-Raphson method. It provides the objective, software, and specifications for implementing each method in MATLAB. For each method, it includes the flowchart, MATLAB code, iterations/outputs, and concludes with a brief result on the method's convergence properties and advantages.

Uploaded by

Abhishek Bhalla
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OBJECTIVE: To understand Bi-section method.

SOFTWARE USED: Matlab

COMPUTER SPECIFICATIONS:
FLOWCHART:
MATLAB CODE:

close all

clear all

clc

f=@(x)(x^3-x-2);

xl=input(‘Enter the first approximation xl:’);

xu=input(‘Enter the second approximation xu:’);

acc=input(‘Enter the value of accuracy:’);

while((f(xl)*f(xu))>0)

xl=input(‘Enter the value of first approximation xl:’);

xu=input(‘Enter the value of second approximation xu:’);

end

while(abs(xu-xl)>acc)

xm=(xl-xu)/2;

if(f(x)*f(xm)<0)

xu=xm;

else

xl=xm;

end

end

fprintf(‘The root of equation is:’,xm);


Plot of Error of Bisection Method:-
OUTPUT/ITERATIONS:

The input for the method is a continuous function f, an interval [a, b], and the function values f(a) and
f(b). The function values are of opposite sign (there is at least one zero crossing within the interval).
Each iteration performs these steps:

1. Calculate c, the midpoint of the interval, c = a + b/2.

2. Calculate the function value at the midpoint, f(c).

3. If convergence is satisfactory (that is, c - a is sufficiently small, or |f(c)| is sufficiently small),


return c and stop iterating.

4. Examine the sign of f(c) and replace either (a, f(a)) or (b, f(b)) with (c, f(c)) so that there is a zero
crossing within the new interval.

Iteration an cn f(cn)
bn

1 1 2 1.5 −0.125

2 1.5 2 1.75 1.6093750

3 1.5 1.75 1.625 0.6660156

4 1.5 1.625 1.5625 0.2521973

5 1.5 1.5625 1.5312500 0.0591125

6 1.5 1.5312500 1.5156250 −0.0340538

7 1.5156250 1.5312500 1.5234375 0.0122504

8 1.5156250 1.5234375 1.5195313 −0.0109712

9 1.5195313 1.5234375 1.5214844 0.0006222

10 1.5195313 1.5214844 1.5205078 −0.0051789

11 1.5205078 1.5214844 1.5209961 −0.0022794

12 1.5209961 1.5214844 1.5212402 −0.0008289

13 1.5212402 1.5214844 1.5213623 −0.0001034


14 1.5213623 1.5214844 1.5214233 0.0002594

15 1.5213623 1.5214233 1.5213928 0.0000780

After 15 iterations, it becomes apparent that there is a convergence to about 1.521: a root for the
polynomial.

RESULT: The method is guaranteed to converge to a root of f if f is a continuous function on


the interval [a, b] and f(a) and f(b) have opposite signs. The absolute error is halved at each step so
the method converges linearly, which is comparatively slow.
OBJECTIVE: To understand regula falsi method.

SOFTWARE USED: Matlab

COMPUTER SPECIFICATIONS:
PLOT OF ERROR FOR REGULA-FALSI METHOD:
FLOWCHART:
MATLAB CODE:
Clear all

close all

clc;

f=@(x) x^3-2*x-5;

a=2; b=3;

for i=1:10

x0=a; x1=b;

fprintf('\n Hence root lies between (%.4f,%.0f)',a,b)

x2(i)=x0-(x1-x0)/(f(x1)-f(x0))*f(x0);

if f(x2(i))>0

b=x2(i);

else a=x2(i);

end

fprintf('\n Therefore, x2=%.4f \n Here, f(x2)=%.4f',x2(i),f(x2(i)))

p=x2(i);

end
OUTPUT/ITERATIONS:

RESULT:
The fact that regula falsi always converges, and has versions that do well at avoiding
slowdowns, makes it a good choice when speed is needed. However, its rate of
convergence can drop below that of the bisection method.
OBJECTIVE: To understand Newton-Raphson method.

SOFTWARE USED: Matlab

COMPUTER SPECIFICATIONS:
FLOWCHART:
MATLAB CODE:
a=input('Enter the function in the form of variable x:','s');

x(1)=input('Enter Initial Guess:');

error=input('Enter allowed Error:');

f=inline(a)

dif=diff(sym(a));

d=inline(dif);

for i=1:100

x(i+1)=x(i)-((f(x(i))/d(x(i))));

err(i)=abs((x(i+1)-x(i))/x(i));

if err(i)<error

break

end

end

root=x(i)

Sample output:

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