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University of Rizal System Graduate School, Pilillia Campus: Republic of The Philippines

This document discusses measures of skewness in statistics. It defines skewness as the lack of symmetry in a distribution, where a distribution can be positively skewed, negatively skewed, or symmetrical. It provides formulas for calculating sample skewness and kurtosis from grouped data, including calculating the mean, variance, skewness using the third central moment, and kurtosis using the fourth central moment. An example calculation is shown to find the sample skewness and kurtosis from a set of frequency data distributed into classes.

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Robert Merginio Catapusan
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27 views4 pages

University of Rizal System Graduate School, Pilillia Campus: Republic of The Philippines

This document discusses measures of skewness in statistics. It defines skewness as the lack of symmetry in a distribution, where a distribution can be positively skewed, negatively skewed, or symmetrical. It provides formulas for calculating sample skewness and kurtosis from grouped data, including calculating the mean, variance, skewness using the third central moment, and kurtosis using the fourth central moment. An example calculation is shown to find the sample skewness and kurtosis from a set of frequency data distributed into classes.

Uploaded by

Robert Merginio Catapusan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM


Province of Rizal
Graduate School, Pilillia Campus

Name of Student: MALOU P. DELICA


Course: Doctor of Philosophy-Educational Management
Professorial Lecturer: FLORICEL ULAT
Subject: ADVANCE STATISTICS
Topic: SKEWNESS

Measure of Skewness

 The statiscal technique to indicate the direction and extent of skewness in the
distribution of numerical values in the data set.
 A frequency distribution of the set of values that is not Symmetrical (normal) is called
Asymmetrical or skewed

Skewed Distributions

There are three types

 Symmetrical Distribution,

A.M=Median=Mode

 Positively Skewed Distribution


A.M>Median>Mode
 Negatively Skewed Distribution
A.M<Median<Mode

Measure of Skewness

For an Asymmetrical Distribution, the distance b/w Mean and Mode may be used to
measure the degree of skewness because the Mean is equal to Mode in a Symmetrical
Distribution, Thus
Absolute, Sk = Mean –Mode
= Q3 + Q1- 2 Median
The Skewness becomes +ive Otherwise -ive
o Variation and economic series , measure of variation have greater practical
application than measures of skewness.

o
Type equation here.

-
X – Mo Set A
S

Sk2 = 3(X-Md) Set B


S

Sk = 0

Sk > 0

Sk < 0

1. Calculate Sample Skewness, Sample Kurtosis from the following grouped data
Class Frequency
2-4 3
4-6 4
6-8 2
8 - 10 1

Solution:
Mean ˉx=∑fx∑f

=5210

=5.2
Class Mid value (x) f f⋅x (x-ˉx) f⋅(x-ˉx)2 f⋅(x-ˉx)3
(1) (2) (3) (4)=(2)×(3) (5) (6)=(3)×(5) (7)=(5)×(6)

9 9=3×3 -2.2 |3-5.2|=-2.2 14.52 14.52=3×-2.2×-2.2 -31.944 -31.944=14.52×-2.2


2-4 3 3=2+42 3
(4)=(2)×(3) |x-5.2| (6)=(2)×(5) (7)=(2)×(6)

20 20=4×5 -0.2 |5-5.2|=-0.2 0.16 0.16=4×-0.2×-0.2 -0.032 -0.032=0.16×-0.2


4-6 5 5=4+62 4
(4)=(2)×(3) |x-5.2| (6)=(2)×(5) (7)=(2)×(6)

14 14=2×7 1.8 |7-5.2|=1.8 6.48 6.48=2×1.8×1.8 11.664 11.664=6.48×1.8


6-8 7 7=6+82 2
(4)=(2)×(3) |x-5.2| (6)=(2)×(5) (7)=(2)×(6)

9 9=1×9 3.8 |9-5.2|=3.8 14.44 14.44=1×3.8×3.8 54.872 54.872=14.44×3.8


8 - 10 9 9=8+102 1
(4)=(2)×(3) |x-5.2| (6)=(2)×(5) (7)=(2)×(6)

--- --- --- --- --- --- ---

-- -- n=10 ∑f⋅x=52 `-- =35.6 =34.56

Sample Standard deviation S= √(


∑ x-ˉx)2n-1

= √ 35.69

=√3.9556

=1.9889

Skewness =∑(x-ˉx)3(n-1)⋅S3

=34.569⋅(1.9889)3

=34.569⋅7.867

=0.4881

Kurtosis =∑(x-ˉx)4(n-1)⋅S4

=299.7929⋅(1.9889)4

=299.7929⋅15.6464

=2.1289

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