BSc Mathematics

Semester-I

Mathematics – I: ALGEBRA
CML 106 – Core Course – V (Credits: 04)
Marks (External Exams) : 80
Marks (Internal Assessment): 20
Time: 3 Hours
Note. The examiner is requested to set nine questions in all, selecting two questions
from each Unit. Question no. 1 is compulsory and is based on entire syllabus consisting
of eight short answer type questions each of 2 marks. Candidates are required to attempt
five questions in all, selecting one question from each Unit. Each question carries equal
marks

Course Objective Course Outcome

The course on Algebra deals with The student will be able to find the rank,
advance topics on matrices viz. rank, eigen values of matrices and solve the
eigen values and homogeneous and non homogeneous and non homogeneous
homogeneous systems, solution of cubic systems, solution of cubic and bi-
and bi-quadratic equations. quadratic equations.

Unit-I

Symmetric, Skew symmetric, Hermitian and skew Hermitian matrices. Elementary

Operations on Matrices. Rank of matrices. Inverse of a matrix. Linear dependence and
independence of rows and columns of matrices. Row rank and column rank of a matrix.
Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors and the characteristic equation of a matrix. Minimal
polynomial of a matrix. Cayley Hamilton Theorem and its use in finding the inverse of
a matrix.

Unit-II
Applications of matrices to a system of linear (both homogeneous and non–
homogeneous) equations. Theorems on consistency of a system of linear equations.
Unitary and Orthogonal Matrices, Bilinear and Quadratic forms. Canonical Form of a
Bilinear form. Matrix notation of Bilinear and Quadratic Form. Linear Transformation
of a Quadratic form. Langrange’s method of Diagonalization. Factorable Quadratic
Form. Sylvester’s Criterion.

Unit-III
Relations between roots and coefficients of general polynomial equation in one
variable. Synthetic Division. Remainder Theorem and factor Theorem. Solutions of
polynomial equations having conditions on roots. Common roots and multiple roots.
Transformation of equations.

Unit-IV
Nature of the roots of an equation, Solutions of cubic equations (Cardan’s Method).
Solution of Biquadratic equations (Descarte’s Method, Ferrari’s Method). Descarte’s
rule of signs for Polynomial. Location of roots in an interval.

Books Recommended :
1. H.S. Hall and S.R. Knight: Higher Algebra, H.M. Publications .
2. Shanti Narayan : A Text Book of Matrices. S Chand & Co Ltd.
3. Chandrika Prasad :AText Book on Algebra and Theory of Equations.
Pothishala Private Ltd., Allahabad.
 BSc Mathematics
Semester-I

Mathematics – II: CALCULUS

CML 107 – Core Course – VI (Credits: 04)

Marks for External Exams: 80

Marks for Internal Assessment: 20
Time: 3 Hours
Note. The examiner is requested to set nine questions in all, selecting two questions
from each Unit. Question no. 1 is compulsory and is based on entire syllabus consisting
of eight short answer type questions each of 2 marks. Candidates are required to attempt
five questions in all, selecting one question from each Unit. Each question carries equal
marks

Course Objective Course Outcome

The course on differential and Integral The student will be able to understand
Calculus deals with some important basic properties of Limit, continuity and
concepts of limit, continuity, derivability of functions, series expansion
differentiability of functions and tracing indeterminate forms, tracing of curves,
of curves, reduction formulae, reduction formulae, rectification,
rectification, quadrature and volume of quadrature and volume of solids of
solids of revolution. revolution.

Unit-I

of continuity of a function. Basic properties of limits, continuous

functions and classification of discontinuities. Successive differentiation. Lebnitz
Theorem. Maclaurin and Taylor series expansions.

Unit-II

Asymptotes in Cartesian coordinates, intersection of curve and its asymptotes.

Asymptotes in polar coordinates. Curvature , radius of curvature for Cartesian curve,
parametric curves, polar curves. Newton’s Method. Radius of curvature for pedal
curves. Tangential polar equations. Centre of curvature. Circle of curvature. Chord of
curvature, Evolutes. Test for concavity and convexity. Singular points. Points of
inflexion. Multiple points. Cusps, nodes & conjugate points. Species of cusps.

Unit-III

Tracing of curves in cartesian, parametric and polar co-ordinates. Reduction formulae.

Derivation of reduction formulae by connecting with other integral. Rectification,
length of curves in Cartesian, parametric and polar curves, intrinsic equations of curves
from cartesian, parametric and polar curves.
Unit-IV

Quadrature and Sectorial Area. Area bounded by closed curves. Area enclosed by
curves in polar form. Volumes and Area of solids of revolution. Volume bounded
between two solids. Volume formula for parametric curves. Theorems of Pappu’s and
Guilden.

Books Recommended

1. H. Anton, I. Birens and S. Davis, Calculus, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
2. G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney, Calculus, Pearson Education.
3. T.M. Apostal : Calculus, vol. 1, John Wiley and Sons (Asia).
4. Shanti Narayan, Differential and Integral Calculus.
5. Murray R. Spiegel : Theory and Problems of Advanced Calculus. Schaun’s
Outline series. Schaum Publishing Co., New York.
6. Gorakh Prasad : Differential Calculus. Pothishasla Pvt. Ltd., Allahabad.
 BSc Mathematics
Semester-I

Mathematics Lab– I: PRACTICAL-III

(Credits: 1.5)

Marks for External Exams: 100

Time: 3 Hours

Course Objective Course Outcome

The course on Practical deals with some The student will be able to solve and
important concepts of Programming in C. calculate the mathematical problems
through programming.

Part A:

Introduction to Programming in C. Data types, Operators and expressions, Input / outputs

functions. Decision control structure: Decision statements, Logical and conditional statements,
Implementation of Loops, Switch Statement & Case control structures.
Part B:

1. Program to Calculate Simple Interest

2. Program to Calculate Compound Interest
3. Program to Calculate Arithmetic mean of three numbers
4. Program to calculate area of triangle by Heron’s Formula
5. Program to calculate area and perimeter of a circle
6. Program to check whether the number is odd or even
7. Program to find the roots of a quadratic equation
8. Program to calculate greatest of three numbers
9. Program to reverse the digits of a positive number
10. Program to check whether a number is prime or not
11. Program to convert decimal to binary
12. Program to generate first n prime numbers.
13. Program to check a year Leap or not.
14. Program to find the sum of first n natural numbers
15. Program to find sum of first n terms of an AP
16. Program to find sum of first n terms of a GP.
17. Program to generate a pyramid
18. Program to find simple interest using switch statement.
19. Program to prepare electricity Bill
20. Program to calculate Gross Salary of an Employee

Note: Every student will have to prepare a file to maintain practical record of the
problems solved and the computer program done during practical class work.
Examination will be conducted through a question paper set jointly by an external and
internal examiner. An examinee will be asked to write solutions in the answer books.
An examinee will be asked to run (execute) two programs on a computer. Evaluation
will be made on the basis of the examinees’ performance in written solutions/ programs,
execution of computer programs and viva-voce examination.
Books Recommended:
1. B.W. Kernighan and D.M. Ritchie : The C Programming Language, 2nd Edition
2. V. Rajaraman : Programming in C, Prentice Hall of India.
3. Byron S. Gottfried: Theory and Problems of Programming with C, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.

BSc Mathematics
Semester-II

Mathematics – III: ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND LAPLACE

TRANSFORM
CML 206 – Core Course – III (Credits: 04)

Marks for External Exams: 80

Marks for Internal Assessment: 20
Time: 3 Hours
Note. The examiner is requested to set nine questions in all, selecting two questions
from each Unit. Question no. 1 is compulsory and is based on entire syllabus consisting
of eight short answer type questions each of 2 marks. Candidates are required to attempt
five questions in all, selecting one question from each Unit. Each question carries equal
marks

Course Objective Course Outcome

The course on ordinary The student will be able to understand basic properties of
differential equations and differential equations, Orthogonal trajectories, Linear differential
Laplace Transforms deals with equations. Apart from this the students will able to solve ODE
some important concepts Exact by Transformation of the equation by changing the dependent
differential equations, variable/ the independent variable. Solution by operators of non-
Orthogonal trajectories, Linear homogeneous linear differential equations. Reduction of order of
differential equations with a differential equation. Method of variations of parameters.
variable & constant coefficients Solution of Simultaneous Differential Equations and Total
and solution of ordinary Differential Equations. Also able to understand basic properties
differential equations using of Laplace and Inverse Laplace Transforms and solution of
Laplace Transforms. ordinary differential equations using Laplace Transform

Unit – I
Geometrical meaning of a differential equation. Exact differential equations, integrating
factors. First order higher degree equations solvable for x,y,p Lagrange’s equations,
Clairaut’s equations. Equation reducible to Clairaut’s form. Singular solutions.

Unit – II

. Orthogonal trajectories: in Cartesian coordinates and polar coordinates. Self

orthogonal family of curves. Linear differential equations with constant coefficients.
Homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations. Equations reducible to
homogeneous.

Unit – III

Linear differential equations of second order. Reduction to normal form.

Transformation of the equation by changing the dependent variable/ the independent
variable. Solution by operators of non-homogeneous linear differential
equations.Reduction of order of a differential equation. Method of variations of
parameters.Ordinary simultaneous differential equations. Solution of simultaneous
differential equations.

Unit – IV

Laplace Transforms –Existence theorem for Laplace transforms, Linear property of

the Laplace transform, Shifting theorems, Laplace transform of derivatives and
integrals, Differentiation and integration of Laplace transforms, Convolution theorem,
Inverse Laplace transform, convolution theorem, Inverse Laplace transform of
derivatives, solution of ordinary differential equations using Laplace transform.

Books Recommended :

1. D.A. Murray : Introductory Course in Differential Equations. Orient

Longaman (India) .
2. A.R.Forsyth : A Treatise on Differential Equations, Machmillan and Co.
Ltd. London
3. E.A. Codington : Introduction to Differential Equations.
4. S.L.Ross : Differential Equations, John Wiley & Sons
5. B.Rai & D.P. Chaudhary : Ordinary Differential Equations; Narosa,
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
6. M.D. Raisinghania :Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations.
7. Dyke,Phil : An introduction to Laplace Transforms and Fourier
Series,Springer Undergraduate Mathematics Series.
8. Murray Spiegel: Schaum’s Outline of Laplace Transform. McGraw-Hill
Education.
 BSc Mathematics
Semester-II

Mathematics – IV: VECTOR CALCULAS AND GEOMETRY

CML 207 – Core Course – XII (Credits: 04)

Marks for External Exams: 80

Marks for Internal Assessment: 20
Time: 3 Hours
Note. The examiner is requested to set nine questions in all, selecting two questions
from each Unit. Question no. 1 is compulsory and is based on entire syllabus
consisting of eight short answer type questions each of 2 marks. Candidates are required
to attempt five questions in all, selecting one question from each Unit. Each question
carries equal marks.

Course Objective Course Outcome

The course on Vector Calculus and The student will be able to find
Geometry deals with topics on vectors directional derivatives, gradient, curl.
and geometry viz. directional derivatives, Laplasian operator, two and three
gradient, curl, two and three dimensional dimensional geometry.
geometry.

Unit – I

Scalar and vector product of three vectors, product of four vectors. Reciprocal vectors.
Vector differentiation Scalar Valued point functions, vector valued point functions,
derivative along a curve, directional derivatives. Gradient of a scalar point function,
geometrical interpretation of grad . Divergence and curl of vector point function.
Gradient, divergence and curl of sums and product and their related vector identities.
Laplacian operator.

Unit – II

Vector integration: Indefinite Integral, Definite Integral, Standard results of Integration.

Line integral, Surface integral, Volume integral. Gauss Divergence Theorem,
Divergence Theorem in Cartesian Co-ordinates, Green Theorem, Stoke’s
Theorem(Relation between line Integral Surface Integral). Stoke’s Theorem in
Cartesian form. Green’s Theorem in Plane as special case of Stoke’s Theorem.

Unit – III
General equation of second degree. Tracing of conics. System of conics, confocal
conics. Tangent at any point to the conic, chord of contact, pole of line to the conic,
director circle of conic. Polar equation of a conic, tangent and normal to the conic.

Unit -IV

Sphere: Plane section of a sphere. Sphere through a given circle. Intersection of two
spheres, radical plane of two spheres. Co-axial system of spheres.
Cones: Right circular cone. Enveloping cone and reciprocal cone.
Cylinder: Right circular cylinder and enveloping cylinder.
Books Recommended:

1. Murrary R. Spiegal : Theory and Problems of Advanced Calculus, Schaum

Publishing Company, New York.
2. Murrary R. Spiegal : Vector Analysis, Schaum Publisghing Company, New
York.
3. N. Saran and S.N. Nigam: Introduction to Vector Analysis, Pothishala Pvt.
Ltd., Allahabad.
4. Shanti Narayna : A Text Book of Vector Calculus. S. Chand & Co., New
Delhi.
 BSc Mathematics
Semester-II
Mathematics Lab– II: PRACTICAL-VI
(Credits: 1.5)

Marks for External Exams: 100

Time: 3 Hours

Course Objective Course Outcome

The course on Practical deals with some The student will be able to solve and
important concepts of Programming in C. calculate the mathematical problems
through programming.

Part A: Introduction to Programming in C

Introduction to Functions, Advantages of functions, Function definition and body,

Nesting of Functions, Arrays, one dimensional array, two dimensional arrays, Multi-
dimensional arrays, Passing arrays to functions. Strings : Character data type, Standard
string handling functions, arithmetic operations on characters, Pointers: Definition,
Association, Pointers and arrays. Structures: definition, declaration, arrays and
structures .

Part B:

1. Program to add two matrices.

2. Program to multiply two matrices.
3. Program to find the inverse of a matrix.
4. Program to find transpose of a matrix.
5. Program to find the sum of a series. Trigonometric series: sin(x), cos(x), tan(x),
etc.
6. Program to sort an entire array using bubble short.
7. Program to find trace of 3X3 Matrix.
8. Program to find largest of three numbers using function.
9. Program to find factorial of a number using recursion.
10. Program to generate n fabonacci terms using recursion.
11. Program to count number of vowels and consonants in a given sentence.
12. Program to print a salary chart for employee of a company.

Note: Every student will have to prepare a file to maintain practical record of the
problems solved and the computer program done during practical class work.
Examination will be conducted through a question paper set jointly by an external and
internal examiner. An examinee will be asked to write solutions in the answer books.
An examinee will be asked to run (execute) two programs on a computer. Evaluation
will be made on the basis of the examinees’ performance in written solutions/ programs,
execution of computer programs and viva-voce examination.

Books Recommended:
1. B.W. Kernighan and D.M. Ritchie : The C Programming Language, 2nd Edition
2. V. Rajaraman : Programming in C, Prentice Hall of India.
3. Byron S. Gottfried : Theory and Problems of Programming with C, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.
4. E. Balagurusamy : Programming in ANSI C, , Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Ltd.