Key Control Design Guide

Increase the Safety and Security

of Your Facility

A security solution from ASSA ABLOY Group brands:

ABLOY I LOCKWOOD I MEDECO  
Introduction Table of Contents
This “Key Control Design Guide” is brought I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
to you by ASSA ABLOY, the world’s leading
II. Recommended Companion Document . . . . . . . . 3
group of manufacturers and suppliers of
locking solutions, dedicated to satisfying III. Comprehensive Model Key Control Policy
end-users’ needs for security and safety. a. Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
b. Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Providing key systems and associated c. Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
hardware is only the beginning. For end- d. Elements of a Key Control Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
users to successfully enjoy the benefits of Key Control Authority (KCA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
the products we produce, and to extend
Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
the life and value of a key system, proper
Key Management Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
policies must be in place. The policies and
procedures suggested in this manual can Record Keeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
play an essential part in increasing the Policies and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
safety and security of any building. This 1. Identifying Keys and Keying
manual should be used as a model or 2. Issuing Keys
guide only. End-users are encouraged to
3. Returning Keys
adopt all or part of the recommendations
as appropriate to meet their individual 4. Non-returned key policy
needs. 5. Administration of the Master Key System
6. Audits
7. Transfer/Temporary use
Disclaimer: ASSA ABLOY encourages the
Forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
use in whole or Part of this document but
does not imply or warrant fitness for any Servicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
purpose other than for reference only. Its IV. Condensed Model Key Control Policy . . . . . . . . 16
use in whole or part is solely the decision
and responsibility of the adopting facility. V. Specific Applications:
a. Educational K-12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
b. Healthcare Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
c. Colleges and Universities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
d. Office Buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

VI. Glossary of Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2
Recommended Companion Document
Master Key System Design Guide and Worksheets

In addition to establishing strong key control policies that govern the distribution and management of keys,
building an effective physical master key system is crucial to achieving the desired level of security. To that end,
ASSA ABLOY offers the “Master Key System Design Guide”, a comprehensive guidebook on setting up a master
key system. Worksheets make it easy for the user to begin to lay out a system.

Once the process begins, it is important to rely upon an expert who can help design a secure master key system
and select the right cylinder for each opening. ASSA ABLOY’s team of trained specialists will help you develop
and implement an effective master key system and the appropriate key control policies. Contact your local ASSA
ABLOY Australia sales team to speak with one of our specialists.

3
Comprehensive Key Control Policy
a. Purpose

1. The purpose of this Key Management Policy is to help protect the life, property and security of this building
and all its occupants.

2. It shall serve as the framework by which all keys and access credentials will be managed, issued, duplicated,
stored, controlled, returned, replaced and accounted for by the Key Control Authority (“KCA”)

2.1 The KCA comprises the person, persons, department or committee that has authority to adopt,
administer and enforce this building’s Key Management Policy.

2.2 This policy shall apply to all keys including those to all space, office equipment, vehicles, padlocks,
lockers, safes, etc. owned, operated or controlled by the facility.

3. This Policy seeks to establish a recorded chain of accountability and access for all credentials, keyholders and
locations.

3.1. Establish a key issuance authority.

3.2 Issue appropriate level of keys to individuals

3.3 Establish authority on all key control policies.

4. This policy seeks to implement a proper key control process and then preserve it by restoring security in a
timely manner whenever key control has been threatened or compromised.

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b. Specification

1. This building shall use a key control system and adopt administrative policies that facilitate the enforcement of
Key Management Procedures as outlined in this Key Control Design Guide.

2. The following represent the basic and most critical elements of key control and shall be included, as a
minimum, in the key control specification.

a. Facility shall appoint a Key Control Authority and/ or Key Control Manager to implement, execute and
enforce key control policies and procedures.

b. A policy and method of the issuing and collecting of all keys shall be implemented.

c. Keys and key blanks shall be stored in a locked cabinet or container, in a secured area.

d. A key control management program shall be utilised. A dedicated computer software application is
preferred.

e. All keys remain the property the property of the issuing facility.

f. A key should be issued only to individuals who have a legitimate and official requirement for the key.

1. A requirement for access alone, when access can be accomplished by other means (such as unlocked
doors, request for entry, intercoms, timer, etc.), shall not convey automatic entitlement to a key.

g. All keys shall be returned and accounted for.

h. Employees must ensure that keys are safeguarded and properly used.

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c. Enforcement

1. This policy shall be adopted by universal consent and administrative mandate from the highest levels to
allow full and complete implementation and enforcement.

2. All keys remain the property of the facility.

3. Keys that are no longer required for authorised purposes shall be returned to the Key Control Authority
(KCA).

4. No person or department shall knowingly receive, borrow, or possess any key for any space without receiving
permission from a person duly authorised to give permission to possess such key.

5. No person shall knowingly alter, duplicate, copy or make a facsimile of any key to a lock of a facility, building
or property without receiving permission from the KCA.

6. To enforce effective key control, administrators may choose to impose a deposit for each key issued.

7. Keyholders shall use assigned keys for access to authorised locks only.

8. Keyholders shall take measures to protect and safeguard any facility keys issued to them or in their name.

9. Keyholders shall not loan their facility key(s).

10. Keyholders shall not use their key(s) to grant access to non-authorised individuals.

11. Keyholders shall not attempt in any manner to duplicate or alter facility keys in their possession.

12. Keyholders shall immediately report any lost, damaged, missing or stolen keys.

13. Persons entering locked buildings or spaces are responsible for re-securing all doors and shall not prop
open any doors.

14. Individuals shall not store keys in desk drawers or other unsecured areas.

15. Violations of any of these enforcement policies may result in disciplinary action up to and including
dismissal.

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d. Elements of a Key Control Policy

Key Control Authority – “KCA”

1. Facility shall appoint a Key Control Authority with power and authority to:

a. Develop all policies and procedures related to the facility’s key management system.

b. Appoint or become a Key Control Manager to:

1. Implement, execute and enforce the key control policies and procedures.

2. Issue and return keys with proper documentation, authorisation and transaction receipts.

3. Supervise, authorise and control the security of key and key blank storage and the key cutting process.

Storage

1. Keys, credentials and key records shall be stored in a secure condition (data) or location (physical items)
protected by lock and key or vault.

1.1. Keys shall be stored in a locked cabinet or container, in a secured area.

1.2. Key rings issued for temporary use shall be of a tamper resistant design so that keys cannot be removed
from the ring prior to return.

1.3. Keys stored in a non-centralised location:

1.3.1. Sequence locks release one key upon the insertion and trapping of another.

1.3.1. 1. Allows remote issuance of master keys.

1.3.1. 2. Permits fewer master keys to be issued on a permanent basis.

1.3.2. Emergency key storage boxes.

1.3.2.1. Subject to local regulations and to protect against theft or duplication, no master keys should be
stored in these types of containers.

1.3.3. Computerised key cabinets with access control and audit capability may be used in remote locations
for temporary key issuance.

1.4. Key records shall be stored in a secure location that is protected against both fire and theft.

1.4.1.Bitting lists

1.4.2. Authorisation forms

1.4.3. Key issuance and records

1.4.4. Data files shall be password protected and encrypted.

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Key Management Formats

The key management system shall be maintained in either manual or computerised format:
1. The manual format shall use card and index files to easily access, maintain and cross-reference
information on:

a. Keys:

i. Blind code numbers.

ii. Standard Key Coding Symbols (SKCS)

iii. Key identity: serial, inventory or sequence number

iv. Individual with authority to issue for each key

v. Temporary issue keys and key rings

b. Keyholders:

i. Name, address, ID#, telephone and key deposit

ii. Authorised individual’s signatures

iii. Optionally: signature, photo, PIN

iv. Key deposit (if any)

c. Locations:

i. Room Number

ii. Door Number

iii. Description of usage

iv. Departmental control

v. Security level or access restrictions

d. Hardware:

i. Lockset, exit devices, deadbolts

ii. Cylinder type

iii. Door closer

iv. Hinges

v. Finish

vi. Protection plates (blocker plates)

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2. The computerised format shall use password protected and data encrypted software to easily
access, maintain and cross-reference information:

a. Keys:

i. Blind code numbers.

ii. Standard Key Coding Symbols (SKCS)

iii. Key identity: serial, inventory or sequence number

iv. Individual with authority to issue for each key

v. Temporary issue keys and key rings

b. Keyholders:

i. Name, address, ID#, telephone and key deposit

ii. Authorised individual’s signatures

iii. Optionally: signature, photo, PIN

iv. Key deposit (if any)

c. Locations:

i. Room Number

ii. Door Number

iii. Description of usage

iv. Departmental control

v. Security level or access restrictions

d. Hardware:

i. Lockset, exit devices, deadbolts

ii. Cylinder type

iii. Door closer

iv. Hinges

v. Finish

vi. Protection plates (blocker plates)

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Record Keeping

1. All key records shall be kept current at all times and are to be considered high security
and confidential.

2. Records shall be securely stored (see “Storage”).

3. All transactions shall be recorded in a timely manner.

4. Standardised forms shall be used (see “Forms”).

Policies and Procedures

1. Identifying Keys and Keying

1.1. All keys should only be marked with a blind code number that does not in any
way reflect its usage or level.

1.2. The use of standard key coding to mark cylinders or keys is not recommended.

1.3. Keys should not be marked M, MK, GMK, or GGMK to indicate level of keying.

1.4. All issued keys should contain an inventory or serial number that reflects the total
number of keys issued and provides a unique identifier for every copy.

1.5. Keys should not be stamped with bittings.

2. Issuing Keys

2.1. All key orders should be properly authorized by an authorized signer, in addition to
the keyholder, before issuing.
2.1.1. Each key can have its own appropriate level of authorization.
2.1.1.1. Higher level keys may require higher levels of authorization.

2.2. Issue the proper level key to each individual granting only the appropriate level of
access.

2.3. Issue keys by need, not desire.

2.4. Require signature(s) on keyholder agreement:

2.4.1. Signature of keyholder.
2.4.2. Signature of authorizer.

2.5. Require photo ID.

2.6. Keys shall be issued by duration of need, not by term of employment.

2.7. Signature required by keyholder and authorizer.

2.8. Keys must be personally picked up, not mailed.

2.8.1. If necessary, keys may be delivered by courier or other return-receipt-
required certified carrier.

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 2.9. Keys shall be individually serialized or numbered.
2.9.1. Keys shall be identified by blind code numbers and serialized number.

2.10. Individuals may be issued only one copy of each keyset.

2.10.1. Exception for approved multiple key holders.

2.11. The KCA shall establish key issuance authorization levels determined by the type of
key. The general rule shall be that an authorizer may only approve keys for spaces
directly under his/her control. In some cases more than one authorizer may be
required.
2.11.1. Types of keys:
2.11.1.1. Change keys.
2.11.1.2. Master keys.
2.11.1.3. Grand master keys.
2.11.1.4. Top master key.
2.11.1.5. Entrance key.
2.11.1.6. Control keys.
2.11.1.7. Mechanical/Maintenance keys.
2.11.1.8. SKD/Security keys.

2.12. Facility shall use standardized key deposits varying by keyholder type and by level of
key. For example, the deposit for a master key should be greater than that of a
change key.

2.13. Keys may not be duplicated or issued except through the KCA or authorized facility
locksmith.

2.14. Keys shall only be issued by a designated individual.

2.14.1. Exception: electronic key cabinets with audit control or sequence locks.

2.15. All keys should be tracked with a return due date and time, especially temporary
issue keys.

2.16. Shift keys or rings shall be returned at the end of every work shift.

2.17. Shift key rings shall be sealed and tamper evident.

3. Returning Keys

3.1. All keys shall be returned to the issuing department by the authorized keyholder.
3.1.1. When keys are returned, any key deposit will be refunded and a key return
receipt shall be issued to the keyholder.

3.2. Found keys must be turned into the KCA.

3.3. Final paychecks, records, and/or transcripts may be held pending return of key(s).

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4. Non-returned key policy

4.1. A fee for lost or stolen keys shall be established.

4.1.1. In the event that facility keys are lost or stolen, it shall be policy to
recombinate immediately any cylinders accessible by the lost key(s).
4.1.2. All re-keying charges must be paid by department, individual, or company
responsible for losing the key.
4.1.3. Rekeying charges shall be determined by the number of locks operated by
the lost or stolen key(s).
4.1.4. If any individual has two or more separate incidents of lost, stolen, or
nonreturned key violations within a one-year period, key privileges may be
revoked.

5. Administration of the Master Key System

5.1. Update the key schedule and bitting lists as new codes and bittings are issued and
used.
5.1.1. Send periodic updates to the cylinder manufacturer if factory control over
the key system will continue.

5.2. Cross keyed conditions should be minimized or avoided.

5.2.1. When cross keying is unavoidable, all cross keyed conditions should be
fully recorded.

6. Audits

6.1. Keyholder:
6.1.1. On at least an annual basis, the responsible department will determine that
the proper accountability of keys is being maintained by conducting
random key checks that sample the keys being carried by at least 25% of all
departmental keyholders.

6.2. Key System:

6.2.1. It is recommended that, under normal circumstances, all keys and cylinders
should be changed, or at least evaluated for change, at intervals not
exceeding five years.
6.2.2. Perform periodic audits of key cutters to determine if unauthorized
duplicate keys can be obtained.

6.3. Reports shall be periodically generated and distributed by department with a written
response required to confirm the accuracy of the information being held.

7. Transfer/Temporary use

7.1. Keys shall not be transferred from one individual to another without proper
authorization and record keeping from the KCA.

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Forms

It is highly recommended that forms be developed to document all key transactions.

The following represents basic elements that should be included in one or more of each type of
form — See example next page.

1. Key Request Form

1.1. Key request:
1.1.1. One form for one key.
1.1.2. Issue multiple forms for multiple keys.

1.2. Key issue agreement.

1.3. Keyholder signature.

1.4. Authorization signature.

1.5. Work order.

1.6. Key issue and deposit receipt.

1.7. Multiple keyholder request.

2. Key Return Form

2.1. Key return receipt.

2.2. Deposit return receipt.

3. Lost or Stolen Key Report Form

3.1. Description of circumstances of loss.

3.2. Rekey fee if any.

4. Service Form

4.1. Cylinder recombination form.

4.2. Request for SKD or NMK keying.

4.3. Lock opening request form.

The following basic information should be included on each form.

1. Key holder name, address, ID and/or department.

2. Signature of key holder and date.
3. Key identification (key set symbol and/or blind code).
4. Location where key(s) are needed.
5. Type of transaction; issue, return, lost or stolen, cylinder recombination,
or lock opening request.
6. Authorization signature(s).
7. Date of specific transaction(s).

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Key Request Form
(Use one form for each key only)
Name ____________________________________________________________
Employee ID#____________________________________ Phone______________________
Key# ___________________ Key Symbol ___________ Copy# _________ Mfgr_______________
Key Location(s)_____________________________________________________________

Key Issue Agreement: In return for the loan of this key, I agree: 1) not to give or loan the key to others; 2) not to make any
attempts to copy, alter, duplicate, or reproduce the key; 3) to use the key for authorized purposes only; 4) to safeguard and store
the key securely; 5) to immediately report any lost or stolen keys; 6) produce or surrender the key upon official request. I also
agree that if the key is lost, stolen, or not surrendered when requested a charge that reflects the cost of changing any and all locks
affected may be assessed.

KEY RETURN:
RETURN DATE ________________ BY ___________
RETURN REASON
____________________________
___________________________________________
DEPOSIT RETURN ___________________________
KEY NOT RETURNED:
❏ LOST ❏ STOLEN ❏ BROKEN ❏ OTHER
EXPLAIN CIRCUMSTANCES: ___________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
SIGNATURE RECEIPT ________________________
BY ________________________________________

Signature _______________________________________________ Date___________________

Deposit __________________________
Issue Type: ❏ Standard
❏ Temporary Due Date___________________________________
❏ Reissue Reason_____________________________________

Authorizer’s Signature _____________________________________ Date_____________________

Print Name _______________________________
Title ____________________________________
Phone __________________________________

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Servicing

1. Cutting keys:

1.1. Only a facility-approved locksmith shall be permitted to cut keys.

1.2. All facility keys shall be cut on factory approved code cutting machines, not on
duplicating machines that trace from one key to another. Duplicating machines are
less accurate and can transfer wear or inaccuracy that worsens through generations
of keys.

2. Pinning/recombinating cylinders:

2.1. Shall only be performed by facility-approved locksmith department.

2.2. Shall be on the facility’s key system unless approved by KCA.

2.2.1. Combinate to all appropriate levels of keying unless pre-approved by KCA.
2.2.2. SKD combinations must be pre-approved by KCA.

3. Installing locks:

3.1. Shall only be performed by facility-approved locksmith department.

3.2. Shall be on facility’s key system unless approved by KCA.

4. Preventative maintenance shall be performed regularly to ensure proper operation of keys

and locks and to maintain security.

4.1. Worn keys shall be replaced to avoid breakage.

4.2. Worn or poorly functioning cylinders shall be replaced to maintain proper

security.

4.3. All facility key machines shall be checked and calibrated regularly, at least on a
monthly basis.

5. Locksmithing work shall only be performed by:

5.1. An in-house locksmith department, or

5.2. A facility-approved outside locksmith business.

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Condensed Model Key Control Policy
The following is to be used as a guide for developing a key control policy, and to assist in the
understanding of how a formalized key control policy should be formatted. When used in
conjunction with the Key Control Policy Elements of ASSA ABLOY’s Key Control Design Guide, this
sample key control policy can be tailored to meet a facility’s specific key management objectives.

Purpose

The purpose of this Key Control Policy is to help protect the life, property, and security of this
facility and all its occupants.

Specification

This facility shall use a key control system and administrative policies that facilitate the adoption
and enforcement of this Key Control Policy.

General

The introduction of a key control policy is essential for the security of this facility and the
protection of personnel, property, and equipment.

Facility shall appoint a Key Control Authority with power and authority to: develop all policies and
procedures related to the facility’s key management system; and, appoint or become the Key
Control Manager to execute and enforce key control policies and procedures.

The Locksmith (internal or contracted service), unless otherwise directed, is responsible for
making keys, installing and maintaining locks and cylinders.

No person shall knowingly alter, duplicate, copy, or make a facsimile of any key to a lock of a
building or property thereof without receiving permission from a person duly authorized.

Key Control

The Key Control Authority will determine appropriate policy and method for the issuing and
collecting of all keys.

All keys shall be stored in a secured locked cabinet.

The Key Control Authority shall utilize an effective key control management program and assign
the appropriate individual(s) to maintain its use.

To facilitate effective key control, the Key Control Authority may impose a nominal key deposit.

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Policy and Procedures

Issuing of Keys

All keys remain the property of (Insert name of facility).

All keys shall be properly authorized by signature before issuing, and shall only be issued by a
designated individual.

The process for which keys shall be issued will be based on defined policies and procedure as
set forth by the Key Control Authority.

Keys should be issued only to individuals who have a legitimate need for the key.
The number of master keys issued should be limited.

Returning Keys

All keys shall be returned to the issuing department by the keyholder of record.

All lost keys shall be reported immediately to the Key Control Authority. It shall be the facility’s
policy that when keys are lost or stolen, to recombinate immediately any cylinders accessed by
the lost keys.

All found keys shall be returned to the Key Control Authority.

Employee Responsibilities

Employees shall only use their keys to access their assigned work areas and should lock doors
when leaving any secured area. Employees must also ensure that keys are safeguarded and
properly used.

The unauthorized possession, use or reproduction of a key may constitute theft or

misappropriation. Any employee who violates this policy may be subject to disciplinary action.

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Specific Applications

a. Educational P-12

Following are specific examples of additional elements that should be considered when tailoring
a key control policy for Educational, P-12 facilities:

1. P-12 facilities require heightened lock and key management to protect a highly vulnerable
population of students and staff.

1.1. Any policy must restrict the distribution and ensure the retrieval of keys.

1.2. Access through entrance doors must be tightly controlled.

1.3. Threats: drugs, kidnapping, vandalism, terrorism, violence, abuse.

2. Lockdown conditions and procedures.

3. Limited school year with extended periods of vacation or closure that require return
of keys or lock-out of many keyholders.

4. Community usage and access requirements:

4.1. Special access authorization requirements.

4.2. Special requirements for unlocking requests.

5. A school district may have many buildings, often spread over a wide geographical area.

5.1. This may require special considerations for service, remote key duplication and
issuance.

6. Unique types of keyholders:

6.1. Teachers.

6.1.1. Keys should normally be returned at end of academic year.

6.2. Substitute teachers.

6.2.1. Temporary issued keys.

6.3. Administration.

6.4. Maintenance/Service/Security.

7. Administered by local government and subject to state, federal, and local laws.

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b. Healthcare Facilities

Following are specific examples of additional elements that should be considered when tailoring a
key control policy for Healthcare facilities.

Healthcare facilities, including hospitals, clinics, and nursing homes provide unique demands
upon a key system. Facilities protecting a more vulnerable population, such as children, the sick
or infirm, the aged, those with infectious diseases, those susceptible to infection, or those with
mental impairment, even including the criminally insane, can present a diverse set of needs.

Some of those considerations are:

1. Healthcare facilities (“HCF’s”) may require a strong KCA that can enforce key issuance
and return policies despite the strong needs and powerful personalities of doctors and
administrators.

2. HCF’s have different departments with varying security needs:

2.1. Obstetrics.
2.2. Paediatric wards.
2.3. Psychiatric detention areas.
2.4. Infectious disease areas.
2.5. Emergency rooms.
2.6. Elderly care with anti-wandering requirements.
2.7. Unique elevator controls.
2.8. Pharmacy: storage and dispensary.
2.9. Security department with full access abilities.
2.10. Custodial and cleaning staff must have full access to keep high sanitation standards.
2.11. Radiology.
2.12. Laboratories.

3. HCF’s often allow free access, 24x7x365, to visitors and attendants, but still require a high
degree of control within the building itself.

4. An HCF may have many buildings united under one key system.

5. Unique types of Keyholders:

5.1. Doctors.
5.2. Nurses.
5.3. Administrators.
5.4. Maintenance and technicians.
5.5. Cleaning supervisors.
5.6. Security.
5.7. Temporary staff with high turnover.
5.8. Outside contractors.
5.9. Researchers.

6. Unique accreditation and federal, state and local government inspection and legal
requirements.

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c. Colleges and Universities

Following are specific examples of additional elements that should be considered when tailoring
a key control policy for colleges and universities.

1. Colleges and universities require heightened security measures in lock and key management
to protect a highly vulnerable population of faculty, staff and students.

1.1. Any policy must restrict the distribution and ensure the retrieval of keys.
1.2. The key control policy must properly blend the needs of the physical security
locking system with other access control measures.
1.3. Different security needs for academic buildings, housing—undergraduate and
graduate, on-campus and off-campus—administrative, physical plant, and other
outside contracted services must also be considered in the key control policy.
1.4. Threats: theft, vandalism, terrorism, violence, student pranks, protesters.

2. Colleges and universities may have many different department types and usages with varying
requirements. They may include:

2.1. Academic.
2.2. Dormitories and Commons (or simply Housing).
2.3. Athletics.
2.4. Real Estate.
2.5. Apartments.
2.6. Hotels and lodging.
2.7. Physical Plant.
2.8. Government and industry research laboratories.

3. Standard school year calendar with extended breaks or closure that require return of
keys or lock-out of keyholders.

4. Community usage and access requirements:

4.1. Special access authorization requirements.

4.2. Special requirements for unlocking requests.

5. Types of Keyholders:

5.1. Administrators.
5.2. Staff.
5.3. Professors.
5.4. Maintenance and security.
5.5. Students.
5.5.1. Keys should normally be returned at end of academic year, or during
periods of lock out.
5.6. Contracted services.
5.6.1. Temporary issued keys, to be returned as specified
5.7. Researchers.

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d. Office Buildings

The following are examples of additional elements that should be considered when tailoring
a key control policy for Office Buildings.

1. Administration of tenant space v. core space.

1.1. Tenant space belongs to the office and retail occupants of a building and can
change regularly both in size, structure and composition.

1.2. Core space is the backbone or support area of a building represented by private
mechanical, electrical, communications, janitorial, roof as well as public areas such as
stairwells, lobbies, shipping and loading areas, parking areas, etc.

2. Tenants often request or insist upon their own key system and key management procedures
managed independently from building management.

2.1. Each tenant may have its own KCA or should use one provided by building
management.

3. Administration and structure of keys and key system are often designed by floor and may or
may not overlap with the structure of tenant usage.

4. High traffic flow of public non-keyholders during the day (though more and more may be
required to be escorted or identified first), versus very limited access after hours.

5. Vacant or unoccupied space.

6. High rate of change and redesign of the key system with tenant turnover.

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Glossary
This glossary relates to ASSA ABLOY Australia key systems CAM
education and should not be considered universal. Cylinder A rotating lever attached to the end of the cylinder plug to activate the
and Keying terminology has evolved over many years and lock mechanism.
while it is generally understood by those conversant with lock
and key hardware, the accompanying glossary may assist to CHANGE KEY
clarify any areas of doubt. See servant key

1. Terms and definitions are to be reprinted in their entirety.

COMBINATE
2. Credit is to be given to Australian Standard AS 4145.1- To set a combination in a lock, cylinder, or key.
2008, (Locksets and hardware for doors and windows.
CONSTRUCTION CYLINDER
Temporary keyed cylinders installed during construction, removed and
ACCESS CONTROL replaced with final keyed cylinders after construction is complete. This
The means by influencing and regulating the flow of persons through system ensures that keys used during construction cannot operate after
a doorway final cylinders are installed.

ALL – SECTION KEY BLANK CONSTRUCTION KEYING

The key section that enters all keyways of a Alternative method to a construction cylinder where the keyed cylinders
multiplex system. are supplied with a construction key system when it is removed prior to
building completion by the insertion of the owner key or by the removal
AUTHORIZED KEY CUTTER of a split key plug.
A business or person authorized by the lock cylinder manufacturer or
agent to cut or bit that manufacturer’s or agent’s restricted keys. CONSTRUCTION MASTER KEY (CMK)
A key normally used by construction personnel for a temporary
BARREL period during building construction. It may be rendered permanently
See plug inoperative without disassembling the cylinder.

BITTED KEY CONTROLLED CROSS KEYING

Generally means a cut key. A condition in which two or more different keys of the same level of
keying and under the same higher level key(s) operate one cylinder by
BITTING design. Note: This condition could severely limit the security of the cylinder
1. The number(s) that represent(s) the dimensions and the maximum expansion of the system when (1) more than a few of these
of the key. different keys operate a cylinder, or (2) more than a few differently cross
keyed cylinders per system are required.
2. The actual cut(s) or combination of a key.

CREDENTIAL
BITTING LIST
See Change Key
A listing of all the key combinations used within a system. The
combinations are usually arranged in order of the Bottom Pins and
CROSS KEYING
Master Pins.
The process of combinating a cylinder (usually in a master key system)
to two or more different keys which would not normally be expected to
BOW
operate it together. See also “controlled cross keying” and “uncontrolled
The portion of the key that serves as a grip or handle.
cross keying.”

BROACH
CUT KEY
A tool used to cut the keyway into a cylinder plug or barrel. A term also
A key that has been bitted or combinated.
used for the keyway shape.

CYLINDER
BUMPING
The assembly incorporating the key-operated mechanism.
One of many methods used to open locks with the use of “bump keys”
that leave no sign of physical attack.
CYLINDER CORE
See plug

22
Glossary
DIFFERS INDIVIDUALLY KEYED
The variation between locks of similar design, which allow each lock to be See keyed to differ
operated only by its own key.
KEY
DIRECT KEY CODING The device that is intended to activate the lock mechanism or cylinder.
A code marked on a key or locks which, with no reference to another
series of codes, discloses the key cuts for creating a workable key. KEY BIT
Generally a cut in a key.
DISC
See tumbler KEY BITTING ARRAY (KBA)
A matrix (graphic) display of all possible bittings for change keys and master
DOUBLE-BITTED KEY keys as related to the top master key.
A key having bittings or cuts on two sides to actuate the tumblers of
the lock. KEY BLANK
An uncut key.
DUMMY CYLINDER
A non-functional facsimile of a rim or mortise cylinder used for appearance KEY CABINET
only, usually to conceal a cylinder hole. A cabinet with hooks, Velcro®, or other means designed to store keys
systematically.
EFFECTIVE DIFFER
Difference between key mechanisms of similar design, achieved only by KEY CHANGES
the movable detainers, which allows each key mechanism to be operated The number of differs available within a key system.
only by its own key. The number of effective differs is equal to the number
of theoretical after deduction of the undesirables, suppressed by the KEY CODE
manufacturer due to technical constraints. A record of key bitting.

GRAND MASTER KEY (GMK) KEY CONTROL

A key, within a system, that operates all locks in a number of separate 1. Any method or procedure that limits unauthorized acquisition of a key
groups that have their own Master keys. and/or controls distribution of authorized keys.

2. A systematic organization of keys and key records.

GREAT GRAND MASTER KEY (GGMK)
The same as GMK but usually consisting of more than one GMK group,
KEY INTERCHANGE
which are then controlled by one GGMK key.
An undesirable condition, usually in a master key system, whereby a key
unintentionally operates a cylinder or lock.
GUEST KEY
A hotel/ motel rook key that is used by a guest, usually keyed to differ
KEY PROFILE
under a master key group.
The shape of the cross-section of the key that matches the broach.

HIGH SECURITY CYLINDER

KEY SECTION
A cylinder that offers a greater degree of resistance to any two or more
The exact cross sectional configuration of a key blade as viewed from the
of the following: picking, impressioning, key duplication, drilling or other
bow toward the tip.
forms of forcible entry.

KEY SYMBOL
HOUSING CYLINDER
A designation used for a key combination in the standard key coding
The part of a locking device that is designated to hold a core.
system, e.g. GMK, MK, 1-1, etc.

IMPRESSIONING
KEY SYSTEM
A method of determining the key cuts, using a key blank or similar device,
See maison key system, master key system and profile key system.
inserted in the keyway.

KEY SYSTEM SCHEMATIC

INDIRECT KEY CODING
A drawing with blocks utilizing keying symbols, usually illustrating the
A code marked on a key or lock, which requires reference to another series
hierarchy of all keys within a master key system. It indicates the structure
of codes to disclose the key cuts for creating a workable key.
and total expansion of the system.

23
Glossary
KEYED ALIKE (KA) MASTER KEY
Indicates identical key for two or more locks. 1. A key that operates all the master keyed locks or cylinders in a group,
each lock or cylinder usually operated by its own change key.
KEYED DIFFERENT (KD) 2. To combinate a group of locks or cylinders such that each is operated
Of or pertaining to a group of locks or cylinders, each of which is or is to by its own change key as well as by a master key for the entire group.
be combinated differently from the others. They may or may not be part
of a keying system.
MASTER KEY SYSTEM
A system where locks are passed by two levels of keys. The lower level
KEYED TO DIFFER of key (keyed to differ) fits only that lock or those locks keyed alike. The
Indicates that a different key is needed to activate each lock. higher level (master key) fits all locks in the system.

KEYED UNLOCKABLE MASTER KEYED

Indicates that the locking operation is activated without the aid of a key Of or pertaining to a cylinder or group of cylinders that are or are to be
and the unlocking operation is performed by a key. combinated so that all may be operated by their own change key(s) and
by additional key(s) known as master key(s).
KEYWAY
The opening in the plug that is shaped to accept a key blade of MULTI PROFILE KEY SYSTEM
proper configuration. 1. A series of different key sections that may be used to expand a master
key system by repeating bittings on additional key sections. The keys of
KEYING one key section will not enter the keyway of another key section. This
Any specification for how a cylinder or group of cylinders are or are to be type of system always includes another key section that will enter more
combinated in order to control access. than one, or all of the keyways.

2. A keying system that uses such keyways and key sections.

KEYING CONFERENCE
A meeting of the end-user and the keying system supplier at which the
PATTERN KEY
keying and levels of keying, including future expansion, are determined
1. An original key kept on file to use in a key duplicating machine when
and specified.
additional keys are required.

KEYING SCHEDULE 2. Any key that is used in a key duplicating machine to create a
A detailed specification of the keying system listing how all cylinders are duplicate key.
to be keyed and the quantities, markings, and shipping instructions of all
keys and/or cylinders to be provided. PIN TUMBLER
Usually a cylindrical shaped tumbler. Three types are normally used:
KEYWAY bottom pin, master pin and top pin.
1. The opening in a lock or cylinder that is shaped to accept the key bit or
blade of a proper configuration. PLUG / BARREL
The part of a cylinder that contains the keyway, with tumbler chambers
2. The exact cross sectional configuration of a keyway as viewed from the
usually corresponding to those in the cylinder shell.
front. It is not necessarily the same as the key section.

PROFILE KEY SYSTEM

LEVELS OF KEYING
See multi-element profile key system.
The divisions of a master key system into hierarchies of access, as shown
on page 5.
PROJECT KEYING
See construction keying.
LOCK SYSTEM
See key system.
RESTRICTED KEY
A key that can only be obtained though an authorization system.
MAISON KEY SYSTEM
A keying system where a group of different keys will operate a
RESTRICTED PROFILES
common lock.
Key profiles and broaches that are generally used in special keying
systems and are often the subject of registered design.

24
Glossary
SELECTIVE MASTER KEY SURREPTITIOUS ENTRY
An unassociated master key that can be made to operate any specific The use of entry or bypass techniques that cannot be detected via
lock(s) in the entire system in addition to the regular master key(s) disassembly and detailed inspection of
and/or change key(s) for the cylinder without creating key interchange. lock components, eg. bumping.
Examples include:

- (ENG) Engineering key TAILPIECE

An actuator attached to the rear of the cylinder, parallel to the plug,
- (SEC) Security key typically used on rim, key-in-knob or special application cylinders.

TOP PIN
SERVANT KEY
The upper pins in a pin tumbler cylinder.
The individual key to a lock in a master key system.

TRACEABLE KEY
SERVICE KEY Also referred to as a restricted key. A key that is identifiable as part of a
See servant key. restricted key system. It is marked with a system number, a ranking and an
issue number.
SERVICES KEY
A servant key used to operate a number of locks (e.g. locks for fire TUMBLER
services, building services or emergency services). A component of a lock or cylinder that prevents operation of the lock
mechanism, except with insertion of the correct key. Tumbler may take
SHEAR LINE the form of pins, discs, levers, bars, wafer or detainers.
A location in a cylinder at which specific tumbler surfaces must be
aligned, removing obstruction(s) that prevent the plug from moving.
UNCONTROLLED CROSS KEYING
SHELL / HOUSING A condition in which two or more different change keys under different
The part of the cylinder that surrounds the plug and usually contains higher level keys operate one cylinder: e.g., X1-1-01, OB (operated by)
tumbler chambers corresponding to those in the plug. MK1, 1-1.* Note: This condition severely limits the security of the cylinder and
the maximum expansion of the system, and often leads to key interchange.
SINGLE KEY SECTION
An individual key section which can be used in a multiprofile key system. VISUAL KEY CONTROL (VKC)
A specification that all keys and the visible portion of the front of all lock
SIGNATORY cylinders be stamped with standard keying symbols.
The person (or persons) who controls and manages the key system.
WAFFER
SPOOL PIN See tumbler.
A double ended mushroom pin.
X
SKD Symbol used in hardware schedules to indicate a cross-keyed condition
Abbreviation for “single keyed”, normally followed by a numerical for a particular cylinder, e.g. X1-1-01, OB (operated by) 1-1-1, 1-1-2,
designation in the standard key coding system, e.g., SKD1, SKD2, etc. It MK1, GMK.
indicates that a cylinder or lock is not master keyed but is part of the
keying system. ZERO BITTED
Of or pertaining to a cylinder which is or is to be combinated to keys cut
to the manufacturer’s reference number “0” bitting.
STANDARD KEY CODING SYSTEM
An industry standard and uniform method of designating all keys and/or
cylinders in a master key system. The designation automatically indicates
the exact function and keying level of each key and/or cylinder in the
system, usually without further explanation.

25
 ASSA ABLOY is the global leader in door opening
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