CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

As mandated under Presidential Decree No. 1986, or otherwise known as the “Creating the

Movie and Television Review and Classification Board,” there should be a regulator body

responsible to the review and classification of motion pictures, television programs, and similar

shows. This body will initiate plans and cooperate with the movie and television industry to

improve, upgrade and make viable the industry as one source of fueling the national economy.

On August 25, 2011, the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB)

added Strong Parental Guidance (SPG) rating for television program to help parents guide the

TV viewing habits of their children. TV networks were also required to place a standard

pictogram advisory superimposed on the screen all throughout the airing of the program. These

pictograms were color coded: Green for General Patronage (G), Blue for Parental Guidance

(PG), and Red for Strong Parental Guidance (SPG). This new TV classification system was

implemented on February 9, 2012.

The MTRCB engaged TV networks to air the infomercial featuring celebrity married

couple Carmina Villaroel, Zoren Legazpi and their twins. It shows that the twins watched a

Rated SPG scene, which Carmina and Zoren saw. After seeing that MTRCB warning, they cover

the eyes of their twins, because that scene is suitable for children above 18. When the Rated PG

came out, their twins are keeping on questioning of what that scene is all about. This infomercial

1
aimed to teach the public especially the children what the new rating news; thereby, raising

awareness about the revised rating system. This would then empower parents to monitor their

children TV viewing habits. This infomercial aimed also to the awareness of children on what

TV shows are they allowed to watch and not. Those scenes will mark on the young minds of

children if the scenes they are watching are not suitable for their perceptions.

The SPG classification warns parents to exercise greater responsibility in their children’s

viewing of the program. A pictogram advisory accompanied by full-screen written and verbal

advisory to the effect that the program is classified as ‘Strong Parental Guidance’ shall be

broadcast for at least ten (10) seconds immediately before the opening credits of the particular

television material classified as such. The text of the full-screen written advisory shall be written

in font 15 of Arial-narrow. The Pictogram advisory showing a capital letter ‘SPG’ written on 1

red box with an MTRCB logo at the top and the phase ’strong parental guidance for young

viewers’ at the bottom shall be clearly superimposed at the bottom right comes of the television

screen throughout the entire showing of the program classified as such. The superimposed

pictogram advisory shall be 45mm x 55mm in size.

The researcher was formulated questions in a questionnaire for the students. The result of

this stud will be a great help to the parents on how they must discipline their child in television

viewing and to the government that will know if the MTRCB Advisory is really effective on

their target audience.

2
1.2 Statement of the Problem

With the aim of knowing the Level of awareness of the Grade Seven students and

effectiveness of MTRCB TV Classification system in regulating family viewing of SPG

programs, the Researchers then seek to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of awareness of the students in terms of watching Rated SPG shows?

2. Is there a significant difference between the level of awareness in terms of:

a. Social Economic Status?

b. Gender?

c. Television Shows?

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The general purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of Movie and Television

Review and Classification Board campaign for Rated Strong Parental Guidance and the level of

awareness of the students. Specifically, this study aims to know the following:

1. To identify the level of awareness of the Grade Seven (7) students in terms of watching Rated

SPG shows; and

2. To know the significant difference between the level of awareness in terms of Socio-

Economic Status, Gender and the Television shows that the students watch.

3
1.4 Significance of the Study

Families played a fundamental role in the television-children relation and for this reason,

studying them in a natural setting would help in knowing the communication between the parents

and children with regard to TV viewing.

For the purpose of the study, the effectiveness of the rating system is based on the

Television outcomes of the students, especially their awareness and practice of the classification

system.

Because this study is conducted in the Philippine settings, it could describe how Filipino

parents control their children TV viewing behaviour as guided by classifications, advisories, and

context descriptions. Consequently, this study could also describe how literate Filipino families

are in terms of television use. Results of this study could therefore shed light not only on the

parents’ point of view but also that of the children’s understanding of the interaction between

parents and the children regarding TV viewing.

The results of this study will encourage media authorities to upraise awareness and to

take action concentrating on classification literacy programs. By that, every movie goer, if not

all, will discern a factual perspective on the films which might be the basis of their movie choice.

The findings of this study could provide the MTRCB with information on audience

awareness, knowledge, approval, intention to follow and patience towards the Rated Strong

Parental Guidance (SPG) classification system.

4
1.6 Scope and Limitations

This study was limited to the participation of the students of ICAS de Calarian, Upper

Calarian, Zamboanga City. The respondents of this study are limited to Sixteen (16) which was

selected because of their convenient accessibility to the research. The study was focus on the

effectiveness of MTRCB Campaign and the level of awareness of the Grade Seven students of

ICAS de Calarian in the MTRCB Rated SPG Classification only.

1.7 Operational Definition of terms

For better clarification and understanding of the terms related to this study, the

following terms are defined conceptually and operationally.

MTRCB - (Movie and Television Review and Classification Board) Regulates and

classify motion pictures, television programs, and publicity materials. This term was used to

identify the level of awareness in viewing the Advisory of MTRCB.

Rated SPG - (Rated Strong Parental Guidance) Programs classified as “SPG” may

contain more serious topic and theme, which may not be advisable for children to watch except

under the very vigilant guidance and presence of a parent or an adult. This term was used to

identify the level of awareness and how they practice what are the content of Rated SPG.

Awareness - Having knowledge or discernment of something. This term was used to

identify the awareness of both parents and their child on MTRCB Advisory.

Behaviour - The manner in which one acts or behaves. This term was used to measure

how the respondents reacts on what they are watching.

5
 Television-

An electronic broadcast system in which special providers transmit a continuous program of vide

o content tothe public or subscribers by way of antenna, cable, or satellite dish, often on multiple

channels.

Convenient Sampling- Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling technique

where subjects are selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to the

researcher.

Rated G -

1.8 Theoretical Framework

This study was anchored on the following theories: (1) Cultivation Theory; (2)

Hypodermic Needle Theory; and (3) Semiotic Theory.

Cultivation Theory states that high frequency viewers of television are more susceptible

to media messages and the belief that they are real and valid. George Gebner (1976) posits that

television viewing can have long-term effects that gradually affect the audience and that the

primary focus of the theory falls on the effects of viewing in the attitudes of the viewer as

opposed to the created behaviour. Heavy viewers of entertainment program are taught to be

‘cultivating’ attitudes that seems to believe that the world created by television is an accurate

depiction of the real world. The theory suggests that prolonged watching of television can tend to

induce a certain paradigm about the violence in the world. Many times the viewer is unaware on

the extent to which the absorb media. Television and Media possess a small but significant

influence on the attitudes and beliefs of society, about society. Thus, determining the youths

6
knowledge about the various classification becomes vital for it clearly states how harmful media

can be to everyone if watching movies will not modulated.

Also, Huesmann and Miller (1994) speculate that prevalence of media violence

stimulates violence behaviour that is pertinent ever since motion pictures depicting violent acts

were first distributed. Thus, if one knows what type of movie classification is being shown on

screen, one basically understands what could possibly its effects to anyone. Then, one will

eventually not recommend the movie to other specifically those who are not in legal age. All in

all, the theory in line with the study, states as to what media can do to viewers and what possible

action the authorities can to take to diminish certain circumstances.

Moreover, Katz and Lazafeld (1955), message causes an instant reaction from the

audience without any hesitation and that as the media (needle) injects the message, it causes the

audiences to change their behaviour and psyche towards the message (Hipodemic Needle

Theory). Proponents express the view that the media is a dangerous means of communicating an

idea because the receiver or audience is powerless to resist the impact of the message. The theory

basically suggest that the mass media could influence a very large group of people directly and

uniformly by ‘shooting’ or ‘injecting’ them with appropriate messages designed to trigger a

desired response. This implies that the mass media has a direct immediate and powerful effect on

its audiences. Thereby, the theory states how vulnerable audiences can be in dealing with media.

Thus, movie appropriateness concerning on the age of an individual becomes vital.

The immaturity stage of a certain person somewhat implies the inability to resist media

impacts. Yet, Jackson (2007) declared majority of children aged 8-10 years old views movies

that are rated PG or rated 13, and more than three fourths (3/4) or 10-14 ears old which is 84%

7
were reported to be watching R-rated movies at home with parent permission, therefore, it is

indeed important for the viewers to be knowledgeable about the corresponding age limit that

comes with different levels of classification.

Semiotics, also called as Semiology, is the study of signs and sign-using behaviour, it

explores how words or signs make meanings. In the The editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica,

Swiss linguist Ferdinand Saussure defined it as a stud of “The life signs within society” while

Atkin (2006) emphasized it on “Pierce’s Study of Signs” as something that stands to somebody

for something. The latter has distinction between the two inseparable components of a sign: the

signifier, which in language is a set of speech sounds or marks on a page, and the signified,

which is the concept or idea behind the sign is one basic concept of semiotic. Symbols are

evident in every movies shown in public that actually has corresponding meaning. In line with

semiotic theory, meaning varies with one person to person. It depends on how individual sees

specific symbols and what he associates with. Profound knowledge on different movie

classification with the use of symbols present in ever movie should be uplifted. Having the

general concept of a particular symbol decreases confusion, eliminates the misunderstanding and

reduces mistaken information. Thus knowing the child and the parents level of understanding.

Consequently, creating compact denotation unto various signs which means having the same

understanding of what the symbol is trying to convey and what the viewers grasp, becomes

necessary.

1.8 Conceptual Framework

This represents the possible relationship between the respondents and the Factors

influencing the time devoted by teenagers to Networking Activities.

8
 Independent Variables Dependent Variables
Grade Seven Students
Level of awareness to the MTRCB
 St. Martin campaign to Rated SPG
 St. Maximilian
 St. Martin

Moderating Variables

 Social Economic Status

Legend:

The arrow pointing to the right symbolizes the Independent Variable channelled

to the Dependent Variable because it will determine the views and Grade Seven Students.

On the other hand, the arrow pointing upward

is the Moderating Variable because this would affect the views regarding to the Social

Economic Status, Gender and the Television Shows that they watch.

9
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter contains the related studies that will help support the recent study that the

researcher would like to conduct.

2.1 Related Literature

The Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB) has fully

implemented the new “SPG” rating for television programs starting February 9, 2012 pursuant to

Memorandum Circular No. 12-2011.

The MTRCB engaged TV networks to air the infomercial featuring Carmina Villaroel,

Zoren Legazpi and their twins. It shows that the twins watched a Rated SPG scene, which

Carmina and Zoren saw. After seeing that MTRCB warning, they cover the eyes of their twins,

because that scene is suitable for children above 18. When the Rated PG came out, their twins

are keeping on questioning of what that scene is all about. This infomercial aimed to teach the

public especially the children what the new rating news; thereby, raising awareness about the

revised rating system. This would then empower parents to monitor their children TV viewing

habits (See http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IraK4rMZKIA) this infomercial aimed also to

aware children on what they are going to watch and not. Those scenes will mark on the young

minds of children if the scene they see are not suitable for their perceptions.

The MTRCB Chairperson Grace Poe-Liamanzares had been quoted as saying that the

SPG rating aims to balance the interest of the state to protect and promote the development and

10
welfare of the youth, with the interest of the broadcast industry to free expression, in relation to

the self-regulatory schemes undertaken by the different networks.

Liamanzares admitted “can only do so much, and… needs the parents to get involved in

monitoring what their children watch on TV” (Valisno, 2012; par21) the MTRCB strongly

emphasized that their aim for the new rating is to “strongly encourage parents to supervise their

children’s TV viewing habits” (Ching, 2012; par. 21) So therefore, the parents have the

responsibility to decide if a particular TV content is suitable for their children or to young

children’s perceptions of the status, values and enjoyment of televisual texts (Browne 1999)

because there are a lot of scenes and televisual texts that are not suitable for their children

especially the Rated SPG’s . There are some scenes in Rated PG that are not suitable for them.

There are a lot of unreliable themes found in Television industry.

Taking into account that MTRCB the television industry acknowledge the responsibility

of the families in regulating TV viewing there was a need to understand the relationship between

the families, family communication structures, parental TV styles, and children’s TV viewing of

rated PG and SPG programs. These factors were found to be vital in the practice or non-practice

of classification or rating system.

The SPG classification warns parents to exercise greater responsibility in their children’s

viewing of the program. A pictogram advisory accompanied by full-screen written and verbal

advisory to the effect that the program is classified as ‘Strong Parental Guidance’ shall be

broadcast for at least ten (10) seconds immediately before the opening credits of the particular

television material classified as such. The text of the full-screen written advisory shall be written

in font 15 of Arial-narrow. The Pictogram advisory showing a capital letter ‘SPG’ written on 1

11
red box with an MTRCB logo at the top and the phase ‘strong parental guidance for young

viewers’ at the bottom shall be clearly superimposed at the bottom right comes of the television

screen throughout the entire showing of the program classified as such. The superimposed

pictogram advisory shall be 45mm x 55mm in size.

“Section 2. Guidelines for Television Classification — Applying contemporary Filipino cultural

values as standard, the following are the guidelines for television classification:

“A. General Patronage (G) — Suitable for all ages.Material for television, which in the judgment

of the Board does not contain anything unsuitable for children.

“B. Parental Guidance (PG) — Parental guidance suggested. … (M)ay contain some adult

material that may be permissible for children to watch but only under the guidance and

supervision of a parent or adult. The ‘PG’ classification advises parents to exercise parental

responsibility in their children’s viewing of the program… The television program classified as

‘PG’ must, in the judgment of the Board, meet the following criteria:

“Language- Very mild swear words only shall be allowed. Use of a strong expletive in a sexual

context, or sexually-based expletives shall not be allowed. Neither shall prolonged and/or

successive use of expletives be allowed.

“Nudity - Occasional natural nudity, with no sexual activity, is permissible.

“Sex - Graphic depiction of sexual activity shall not be permitted. Sexual activity may be implied

but with no details shown.

12
“Violence- There should be no glamorization of weapons and crimes. No detail of fighting or

other dangerous techniques. No detail or prolonged showing of violence or suffering. There

should be a redeeming social value at the end.

“Horror- Scary sequences must be mild and brief.

“Drugs- There may only be implied depiction of prohibited drugs and/or substances or their use

provided it does not condone, encourage or glamorize drug and/or substance use and it should be

necessary to the theme and characterization.

“C. Strong Parental Guidance (SPG) — Stronger and more vigilant parental guidance is

suggested. Programs classified ‘SPG’ may contain more adult topic and theme, which may not

be advisable for children to watch except under the vigilant guidance and presence of a parent or

adult.

Television is a system for transmitting visual images and sound that are reproduced on

screens and it is the most widespread form of communications in the world. It can be

entertaining and educational, and can open up new worlds for kids, giving them a chance to

travel the globe, learn about different cultures, and gain exposure to ideas they may never

encounter in their own community. Shows with a pro-social message can have a positive effect

on kids behavior; programs with positive role models can influence viewers to make positive

lifestyle changes.

Kids are likely to learn things from TV that parents don’t want them to learn. TV can

affect children health behavior, and family life in negative ways. Presidential Decree no. 1986,

13
which is the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board or MTRCB thereby enacts

and promulgates different rules and regulations.

The Television was deemed to be an important part of everyday life (Saxbe, Graesch &

Alvik, 2011). TV viewing was considered a second most frequently observed primary activity

for parents and the most frequently observed primary activity for children. Parents tend to

engaged in TV viewing as a social activity, whereas the children were more likely to be

individual viewers. For both mothers and Fathers, talking in person was the most frequently

occurring secondary activity accompanying TV viewing, followed by eating, and other Leisure

activities. For children, other leisure was the most frequently observed secondary activity, with

video game play accounting for the majority of observations, followed by talking in person,

eating and schoolwork; thus, TV plays a vital part on children’s leisure activities (Lander 1997).

Lacson (1994) found that TV was a central medium to household such that it gave them a

venue for social interaction, interspersed with their daily routines, and assisted in their learning

experienced. He further argued that switching channels indicated an active audience because it

denoted control over TV viewing. Aside from the abovementioned findings, which outlined

important variables to be studied, Lacson’s study was beneficial to the current research because

it recognized households as an important TV viewing subject; thus gave the researcher an idea of

how to approach the TV viewing phenomenon in the context of abiding by TV advisories and

veering from the usual research. Sub domains of ‘ Information’ included knowing the events

around them, seeking information for advice and decision making, satisfying curiosity and

general interest, and educating one’s self.

14
 The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend that kids under 2 years old not

watch any TV and that those older than 2 watch no more than 1 to 2 hours a day of quality

programming. The first 2 years of life are considered a critical time for brain development. TV

and other electronic media can get it the way of exploring, playing, and interacting with parents

and others, which encourages learning and healthy physical and social development. As kids get

older, too much screen time can interfere with activities such as being physically active, reading,

doing homework, playing with friends, and spending time with Family.

This means that through TV viewing they go on to social life wherein they are interacting

each other. In this habit they develop family bonding because they watching together.

"Majority of children prefer watching teleseryes or adult-oriented television shows like comedy,

drama, news, and foreign television series dubbed in Filipino," (Geronimo, 2015)

Jee Y. Geronimo Good or Bad? Most Filipino children glued to teleseryes.

Most Filipino children watch television for close to 3 hours during weekdays, and 6 hours during

weekends, the same study showed. Both are beyond the internationally-prescribed daily exposure

to television which is only 1 to 2 hours.

The study, conducted by the National Council for Children's Television (NCCT) late February to

March 2015, surveyed 4,395 children below 18 years old from Grades 3 to 10 enrolled in 209

public and private elementary and high schools all over the country.

It revealed that during weekdays, many children watch television from 5 pm to 10 pm –

considered the prime time of Philippine television replete with teleserye programming

15
 Rating
Rank Channel Title
(%)

1 ABS-CBN FPJ's Ang Probinsyano 43.1

2 ABS-CBN The Voice Kids 36.9

3 ABS-CBN WANSAPANATAYM 34.2

4 ABS-CBN Dolce Amore 33.6

5 ABS-CBN MMK 25 33.5

6 ABS-CBN TV Patrol 32.0

7 ABS-CBN Home Sweetie Home 25.7

8 ABS-CBN Goin' Bulilit 24.0

9 ABS-CBN Rated K! Handa Na Ba Kayo? 23.3

10 GMA Encantadia 19.9

11 ABS-CBN Ipaglaban Mo 19.8

12 ABS-CBN TV Patrol Weekend 19.6

ABS-
13 SOCO, 24-Oras 19.5
CBN/GMA

ABS- It's Showtime Weekend, Pepito

15 GMA Magpakailanman 18.8

16 ABS-CBN It's Showtime Weekdays 18.5

16
17 ABS-CBN Doble Kara 18.2

18 GMA Kapuso Mo Jessica Soho 18.0

According to philstart.com written by Alixandra Caole Vila “Agreeing with the

sentiment, Joyce Estes, director of the Northwest Missouri Children’s Advocacy Center, says she

often sees parents let their children watch violent or adult material with the thought that their

children aren’t affected by the violence or profanity or are too young to understand. Unlike an

adult, she says, kids have no filter to process it and are still malleable to what the movie is

teaching.”

“Much research suggests that television viewing is related to a host of negative outcomes

in children. Studies have found that television viewing is associated with aggression, a

"desensitization" to violence, and increased fear” (Wilson et al., 2005). In Protecting Children

from Harmful Television: TV Ratings and the V-chip

According to Philippines Star written by Bot Gloriosom More secrets to be revealed in

Probinsyano:

People should learn to love, respect and have faith in God.

Public service is selfless.

Family is the first essential cell of human society.

2.2 Related Studies

According to the study of Joanne Cantor, Ph. D on The Psychological Effects of Media

Violence on Children and Adolescents, The most direct obvious way in which viewing violence

17
contributes to violent behaviour is through imitation or social learning. There is a wealth of

Psychological research demonstrating that learning often occur through imitation and of course,

most parents know that children imitate televised words and actions from an early age. Simply

copying what is seen in the media is only one means by which viewing violence contributes to

unhealthy outcomes among youth.

Another commonly discussed psychological process is desensitization. Desensitization

occurs when an emotional response is repeatedly evoked in situations in which the action

tendency that is associated with the emotion proves irrelevant or unnecessary.

In a somewhat analogous fashion, exposure to media violence, particularly that which

entails bitter hostilities or the graphic display of injuries, initially induces on intense emotional

reaction in viewers. Over time and with repeatedly exposure in the context of entertainment and

relaxation, however, many viewers exhibit decreasing emotional responses to the depiction of

violence and injury.

A third common outcome of viewing violence is an increase in hostile feelings. Some

people argue that the well substantiated correlation between chronic hostility and violence

viewing simply shows that people who are already hostile are more likely to choose violence as

entertainment. Researches in Quebec went to a theater and asked moviegoers to fill out the Buss.

Dunkee hostility inventory either before or after they viewed a film that they themselves had

selected. The finding showed that both male and female viewers who had chosen the chuck Noris

action movie. Missing in action, were initially more hostile than to the viewers who had selected

the non-violent drama. A passage to India, demonstrating that people who were more hostile to

begin with were more likely to be attracted to a violent than a non-violent film.

18
 Further, viewers’ levels of hostility were even higher after viewing the violent movie, but

were at the same low level after viewing the non-violent movie. This study once again disposes

the sometimes-popular motion of “catharsis” that violence viewing helps purge people of there

hostile inclination. On the contrary.

Violence viewing also induces fear and anxieties in young viewers.

For the most part, what frightens children in the media involves or the perceived threat of

violence or haram. It is important to note, however, that parents often find it hard to predict

children’s flight reactions to television and films because a child’s level of cognitive

development influences how he or she perceives and responds to media stimuli.

As a first generalization, the important of appearance decreases as a child age increases.

Both experimental and our survey research supports the generalization that preschool children

(approximately 3 to 5 years old) are more likely to be frightened by something that looks scary

but is actually harmless (like E.T., the kindly but weird-looking extraterrestrial), than by

something that looks attractive but is actually harmful; for older elementary school children

(approximately 9 to 11 years), appearance carries much less weight, relatives to the behavior or

destructive potential of a character, animal, or subject. A second generation that as children

mature, they become more disturbed by realistic, and less responsive to fantastic dangers

depicted in the media. This change results from developmental trends in children understanding

of the fantasy-reality distinction. Because of this, older elementary school children begin to be

especially susceptible to fear produced by the news and other realistic presentations. A third

generalization is that as children get older, they become frightened by media depictions

involving increasingly abstract concepts, such as world problems and invisible environmental

19
treats. The media’s constant showing of the events of September 11th and there aftermath had

something to frighten viewers of all ages, but different-ages children most likely responded to

different features of the presentations. Prior research suggested that preschooler most likely

responded to images of respondent bloodied victims and expressions of emotional distress; older

elementary school children most likely responded to the idea of their own and their family’s

vulnerability to tract: teenagers, like adults, were able to grasp the enormity of the events and the

long long-term implications they presented for civilized society.

There is much concern over the negative effects of television viewing on children.

Children who watch more television are at a greater risk of experiencing a host of negative

outcomes compared to children who watch less television. The good news is that parents can

modify or even prevent television-related effects by engaging in a variety of practices known as

"mediation."

Mediation has not been defined consistently. As a result, many different definitions of

this term exist. However, researchers endorsing the various conceptualizations agree that

mediation refers to interactions with children about television. Although a number of individuals

can provide mediation, such as siblings, peers, and adults, the term is commonly used to signal

parent-child interaction. The focus of this entry, therefore, is on parental mediation. Parental

mediation can take several different forms. Amy Nathanson (1999) has distinguished these forms

as active mediation, restrictive mediation, and co viewing. Active mediation refers to the

conversations that parents can have with their children about television. Sometimes these

conversations are generally negative in tone, such as when parents tell their children that what

they are seeing on television is not real or that they disapprove of the behaviors of the television

characters or the program in general. In this case, the parent-child communication is called

20
"negative active mediation." However, parents can also say positive things about what their

children watch on television. For example, parents can communicate their approval of certain

programs or depicted behaviors or point out how certain portrayals are realistic. This kind of

interaction is called "positive active mediation." Parent-child communication about television

that is neither negative nor positive would likely fall into the "neutral active mediation" category.

This type of active mediation includes providing the child with additional information or

instruction regarding television content. For example, while watching an educational program,

parents might extend the lessons that television introduces. Active mediation—whether negative,

positive, or neutral—can take place at any time. In other words, parents can discuss television

with their children during viewing or after programs have ended and the television is no longer

on. Restrictive mediation includes the rules and regulations that parents institute regarding the

television viewing of their children. Parents can create rules about the kinds of programs that

their children are allowed to watch, how much they can watch, and when they can watch it.

Concept orientation parental involvement in both positive(Endorsements of TV

message)and negative(counter-reinforcement of TV messages)mediation as well as critical

discussion of a variety of issues with a child. Socio orientation predicted positive mediation and

was associated with co viewing, but it was not related to the parental practice of either negative

mediation or critical discussion. The results suggest that parents with an open communication

style are more likely to make use of discussion-based interpretation strategies applied to

television. A parent's more control-oriented style translates into reinforcement of TV messages

developed by Amy Nathanson consisted of active mediation, restrictive mediation and co

viewing. Active mediation referred to "talking with children about what they are viewing on

television”. Effect of Active parental mediation of television content is an index tapping the

21
frequency with which parents actively mediate children's interpretations of television messages is

tested in a survey of 346 adolescents. The measures produce a reliable index, which predicts

skepticism, public affairs media use, and public affairs discussion. When tested along with

family communication norms including concept orientation, socio orientation, and

communication warmth, mediation remains a significant predictor. It is the only significant

predictor among the variables tested for skepticism, in which the variance explained remains

small. Restrictive mediation pertained to "setting rules about children's television viewing ".

22
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter represents the research locale, research design, and the data gathering

procedures.

3.1 Research Design

The Descriptive Method was used to cover various forms of data derived mainly from

case study, questionnaire and narratives of respondents.

3.2 Research Locale

This research was conducted at Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan School de

Calarian (ICAS), Upper Calarian, Zamboanga City.

3.3 Research Instrument

With the purpose of getting the necessary data from the respondents a questionnaire was used

in this study. It was two page questionnaires which contains the letter to the respondents together

with their information to solicit their permission to answer the said instrument. Their assessment

was measured using the following, Always, Sometimes, Never and some reasoning.

3.4 Reliability and Validity of the Instrument

The researcher was formulated questionnaire. The question is checked for corrections and

suggestion by the research adviser and will be validated by some teachers, after which the

corrections and suggestions of the adviser were incorporated in the final form. It was then

validated by the selected validators. These are done to ensure the validity and the reliability of

23
the instrument.

3.5 Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this research are Sixteen (16), because there are Three (3) sections in

Grade Seven, the researchers divide the Sixteen (16) respondents into Three (3). So there will be

Six (06) respondents in every section, which are chosen randomly.

3.6 Sampling Technique

The researcher used a non-probability sampling specifically Convenient

Sampling. Each member of the respondents was selected because of their convenient

accessibility and proximity to the research.

3.7 Data Gathering Procedures

First, the researcher asked the permission of the respondents if they are willing to

participate on the interview, after that the researcher asked several questions and 1 or more

follow up questions. When the data are all gathered, all the data are confidential to other people

for the purpose of privacy.

24
 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

This chapter shows the presentation of the data collected by the researchers of the study;

it was analyzed properly in the tabulation table and interpreted to obtain the specific result, of

which the primary intention of the conducted study.

4.1 Presentations and Interpretations of Data

Question 1 – For you what is Rated SPG? (Para sa iyo ano ang Rated SPG?)

Male Respondents Female Respondents

Respondent 1 – For me Rated SPG is not Respondent 10 – Ito ay may masamang

always bad to a student. Sometimes you can intensiyon sa mga kabataan.

learn new thing from it.

Respondent 2 – Ang Rated SPG para saakin ay Respondent 11 – Bad scenes.

gabay para sa mga manonood sa kung ano ang

nilalaman ng isang palabas.

Respondent 3 – Not suitable for young kids. Respondent 12 – Striktong Patnubay at Gabay

ng magulang.

Respondent 4 – Stricted Parental Guidance. Respondent 13 – Striktong Patnubay at Gabay

ng magulang.

Respondents 5 – Ito po ay bastos dahil bata pa Respondent 14 – Ito ay ang show na may taong

po kami, maiintindihan lang naming ito kung gumagamit ng droga, at sekswal na aksiyon.

25
malaki na kami.

Respondent 6 – Ito po ay bawal sa bata. Respondent 15 – Bawal ito sa mga bata.

Respondent 7 – It’s a warning for young Respondent 16 – Before watching a show,

viewers. some guidance sign showing before the shows

start.

Respondent 8 – Bawal po ito sa mga bata. Respondent 17 – Ito ay striktong gabay para sa

mga kabataan.

Respondent 9 – Napapanood ko lang pos a TV. Respondent 18 – Bad scenes. Not allowed for

children.

For question number 1, Majority (10) of the students answered that Rated SPG is not suitable for

kids, it contains bad scenes like drugs, sexual scenes, and actions that need the guidance of

parents in watching it. While others (5) said that Rated SPG is a warning for young viewers. And

one (1) student said that Rated SPG is not always bad, that new things can be learn from it.

Question 2 – Do you watch Rated SPG television shows?

Male Respondents Female Respondents

Always Sometimes Never Always Sometimes Never

03 04 02 0 07 02

For this questions, three (3) of the male respondents answered that they watched Rated SPG

shows, four (4) male respondents and seven (7) female respondents said that they sometimes

26
watched Rated SPG shows, and two (2) male and two (2) female answered that they never

watched Rated SPG shows.

Follow-up Question – What Rated SPG television shows that you watch?

Male Respondents Female Respondents

Respondent 1 – Mga may aksiyon tulad ng Respondent 10 – Tadhana.

droga, horror at pag patay.

Respondent 2 – La Luna Sangre at FPJ’s Ang Respondent 11 – SOCO, Imbestigador, bubble

Probinsiyano. gang at GGV.

Respondent 3 – Probinsiyano, La Luna Sangre Respondent 12 – Imbestigador, bubble gang at

at Wild Flower. GGV.

Respondent 4 – Jessica Soho, Super Ma’am, Respondent 13 – Horror Movies.

Bubble Gang at Robin Hood.

Respondents 5 – Ang Probinsiyano. Respondent 14 – MMK.

Respondent 6 – La Luna Sangre. Respondent 15 – Horror.

Respondent 7 – Horror movies. Respondent 16 – La Luna Sangre.

Respondent 8 – La Luna Sangre. Respondent 17 – Imbestigador at Horror.

Respondent 9 – Ipaglaban mo, bubble gang, Respondent 18 – SOCO, horror at Ipaglaban

GGV, at Probinsiyano. mo.

Followed by the question “What Rated SPG television shows that you watch?” some respondents

answered FPJ’s Ang Probinsiyano, which usually contains Television, Language and Violence.

27
La Luna Sangre which usually contains Horror and Violence and other television shows which

usually contains Horror, Violence, Language and Television.

Question 3 – Do you agree with your parents that watching Rated SPG shows can’t help you to

learn new things?

Male Respondents Female Respondents

Always Sometimes Never Always Sometimes Never

01 05 03 01 07 01

For this question, one (1) male respondent and one (1) female respondent answered that they

always agreed with their parents, while five (5) male respondents and seven (7) female

respondents answered that they sometimes agreed, and three (3) male respondents and one (1)

female respondent answered that they never agreed with their parents.

Question 4 – Do you watch Rated SPG shows when your parents are not around?

Male Respondents Female Respondents

Always Sometimes Never Always Sometimes Never

0 06 03 1 03 05

For questions number 4, one (1) female respondent answered always, while six (6) male

respondents and three (3) female respondents answered sometimes, and three (3) male

respondents and five (5) female respondents answered that they never watched Rated SPG shows

when their parents are not around.

28
Question 5 – Do you watch Rated SPG shows because your parents don’t care about you

watching it?

Male Respondents Female Respondents

Always Sometimes Never Always Sometimes Never

03 02 04 0 05 04

For this question, three (3) male respondents answered always, while two (2) male and five (5)

female respondents answered sometimes, and four (4) male respondents and four (4) female

respondents answered that they never watched Rated SPG shows when their parents do not care

about them watching it.

Question 6 – Do you avoid watching Rated SPG shows because it is not good for you?

(Iniiwasan mo ba ang panunuod ng mga palabas na may Rated SPG, dahil hindi ito maganda

para sa iyo?)

Male Respondents Female Respondents

Always Sometimes Never Always Sometimes Never

08 0 01 02 07 0

For this question, eight (8) male respondents and two (2) female respondents answered always,

while seven (7) female respondents answered sometimes, and one (1) female respondent

answered never, if they avoid watching Rated SPG shows because it is not good.

Question 7 – Do you watch Rated G shows to learn good things? (Nanunuod ka ba ng mga

29
palabas na may Rated G para may matutunang kang magagandang aral?

Male Respondents Female Respondents

Always Sometimes Never Always Sometimes Never

07 01 01 07 02 0

For this question, seven (7) male respondents and seven (7) female respondents answered

always, and one (1) male respondent and two (2) female respondents answered sometimes, and

one (1) male respondent answered never, if they watch Rated G shows to learn good things.

Question 8 – Do you imitate the things that you see in Rated SPG shows? (Ginagaya mo ba ang

mga bagay na nakikita mo sa mga palabas na may Rated SPG?)

Male Respondents Female Respondents

Always Sometimes Never Always Sometimes Never

0 0 09 0 03 06

For this question, three (3) female respondents answered sometimes, and nine (9) male

respondents and six (6) female respondents answered never, if they imitate the things they see in

Rated SPG shows.

Follow-up Question – If you do, what are those programs? (Anu-anong mga programa iyon?)

Male Respondents Female Respondents

Respondent 1 – Never. Respondent 10 – Never.

Respondent 2 – Never. Respondent 11 – SOCO, Imbestigador, bubble

30
 gang at GGV.

Respondent 3 – Never. Respondent 12 – Imbestigador, bubble gang at

GGV.

Respondent 4 – Never. Respondent 13 – Never.

Respondents 5 – Never. Respondent 14 – Never.

Respondent 6 – Never. Respondent 15 – Never.

Respondent 7 – Never. Respondent 16 – Never.

Respondent 8 – Never. Respondent 17 – Never.

Respondent 9 – Never. Respondent 18 – SOCO at Ipaglaban mo.

Followed by this question, it showed that the majority (15) of the students answered that they

never imitate the things they see in Rated SPG shows, while others (3) answered sometimes that

they imitate the things they see in Rated SPG shows like SOCO, Imbestigador, Bubble Gang,

GGV and Ipaglaban Mo.

Question 9 - In watching Rated SPG shows do you learn desirable behavior? (Sa panunuod mo

ng mga palabas na may Rated SPG, ikaw ba ay nakaka kuha ng mga magagandang asal?)

Male Respondents Female Respondents

Always Sometimes Never Always Sometimes Never

0 03 06 0 04 05

31
For this question, three (3) male respondents and four (4) female respondents answered

sometimes, and six (6) male respondents and five (5) male respondents answered never, if they

learned desirable behaviour in watching Rated SPG shows.

Follow-up Question – Can you mention some of these desirable behavior if there are? (Maaari

mo bang banggitin kung mayroon?)

Male Respondents Female Respondents

Respondent 1 – Never. Respondent 10 – Never.

Respondent 2 – Never. Respondent 11 – Huwag pumatay ng tao.

Respondent 3 – Never. Respondent 12 – Never.

Respondent 4 – Sa Ang Probinsiyano. Respondent 13 – Never.

Nagtuturo sila ng mga mabuting asal at

kabutihan.

Respondents 5 – Never. Respondent 14 – Never.

Respondent 6 – Never. Respondent 15 – Dapat maging alisto at hindi

mag papaloko sa mga tao.

Respondent 7 – Being Nice to people. Respondent 16 – M

Respondent 8 – Never. Respondent 17 – Never.

Respondent 9 – You should know how to Respondent 18 – Maging magalang.

protect yourself and be alert to whatever

happen.

Followed by the question, it showed that the majority (11) of the students answered that they

never learned desirable behaviour in watching Rated SPG shows, while other (7) answered that
32
they sometimes learned desirable behaviour from watching Rated SPG shows like being alert

and protecting their selves and they learn to be nice to people and not hurt them.

4.2 Analysis of data

Most of the results that was gathered come up that participants are slightly aware on what

is Rated Strong Parental Guidance including its content, because according to the gathered data

the researchers first asked the respondents on for them what is Rated SPG, and some of them

answered what is the meaning of its acronym, and above all, most of them answered that it is not

good for their young age.

Most of the respondents watched television shows that are in Rated SPG because of their

free time that they spent after going to school.

“Most Filipino children watch television for close to 3 hours during weekdays, and 6 hours

during weekends, the same study showed. Both are beyond the internationally-prescribed daily

exposure to television which is only 1 to 2 hours.” (Geronimo, 2015)

“It revealed that during weekdays, many children watch television from 5 pm to 10 pm –

considered the prime time of Philippine television replete with teleserye programming.” (Ibid)

“Much research suggests that television viewing is related to a host of negative outcomes in

children. Studies have found that television viewing is associated with aggression, a

"desensitization" to violence, and increased fear” (Wilson et al., 2005)

33
 Chapter V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary

Given that Television is a form of media that plays an important part in the daily lives of

the students. They tend to watched whatever the television shows even if it contains violence and

inappropriate things for children to see.

The main purpose of this study was to know the Level of awareness of Grade Seven

students of Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan School de Calarian to MTRCB campaign for

Rated SPG to page interview Questions were personally delivered to members of participants.

All respondents wears to Answer (Nine) Questions that can be determined by always, sometimes,

never.

Specific questions that the researcher aims to answer are first, what is the level of

awareness of the parents and children in terms of watching Rated SPG shows. Second, is there a

significant difference between the Levels of awareness in terms of: Social Economic Status,

Gender and Television Shows that they are watching. The participant was sixteen (16) which

grade seven students of ICAS de Calarian are, those respondents was chosen at random and

conveniently.

5.2 Findings

After the data was analyzed, the researchers found out that:

 Students are aware that Rated SPG is not suitable for children;

34
  Some students said that they watched Rated SPG shows and some students said that they

do not watched Rated SPG shows;

 Some students said that they sometimes agree with their parents that rated SPG shows are

not helpful in learning new things;

 Some students sometimes watched Rated SPG shows when their parents are not around,

while others said that they never watched Rated SPG shows when their parents are not

around;

 Some students said that they watched Rated SPG shows because their parents do not care,

while few said they never watched;

 Some students avoid watching Rated SPG shows because it is not good for them;

 Majority of the students said that they watched Rated SPG shows to learn good things;

 Majority of the students said that they never imitate the things they see in Rated SPG

shows;

 Majority of the students said that they never learn desirable behaviour in watching Rated

SPG shows;

 Students knew varied Rated SPG shows

5.3 Conclusions

Based on the data gathered by the researchers the respondent’s are aware on what is

Rated SPG, but they are attempting and sometimes watch television shows that are in Rated SPG

because their parents do not care that they are watching it. Also, there is no significant difference

35
on their Level of awareness about their Parents monthly income, all the respondents had their

different answers in the questions, that is why there is significant difference to the Male and

Female respondents of this research. Like, they were asked if they are watching Rated SPG

shows, some of the Male respondent answered always, while there is no one answered always

from the Female participant and they are also asked if they are imitating things on Rated SPG

shows, no one of the Male participant answered sometimes but some of the Female participant

answered sometimes. Meanwhile, all of the respondents watched similar television shows that

are in Rated SPG, some of them answered they can get good things to that, some of them

answered never.

5.4 Recommendations

1. The researchers recommend that parents should always advice their children not to watch

movies/ TV shows that are not suitable to their age because it contains malicious ideas to

their minds.

2. The researchers recommend that children should not imitate what they see on Television and

movies because some of those shows are not good for them.

3. The researchers recommend that parents should convince them that it is better to do physical

activities such as playing basketball, and to socializing to other children.

4. The MTRCB officials should further explain more the guiding principles and importance of

Program Ratings advisory by conducting seminars or orientations in Grade Schools and

High Schools.

5. To the future researchers, the result of this study can help them to pursue another similar

study that will determine the effectiveness of MTRCB’s program Ratings Advisory on

36
different types of viewer. Conduct a Focus Group Discussion to identify and discuss well

your study. Have an interview with MTRCB officials to know their guidelines, rules and

regulations and reasons of setting Program Ratings Advisory.

37
 Bibliography

 Alfred A. Yuson. (2011). Uncensored. 1-5.

 Angela Micah C. Policarpio. (2013, October). Watch and Learn: The Effectiveness of the

MTRCB SPG Rating System. Diliman, Manila, Philippines.

 Cantor, J. (2015). The Psychological Effects of media violence on children and

Adolescents. Your mind on media, 5.

 Ching, M. A. (2012, January 30). Retrieved January 5, 2016, from PEP: Pep.Ph

 Marquez, K. (2014). Perceived Effectiveness of Televison Program Advisory. 5-7.

 Nathanson, A. I. (2012). Protecting Children from harmful Television: TV Ratings and

the V-chip. California.

 Valisno, J. O. (2012, June 21). For the sake of children. Manila, Philippines.

 Jee Y. Geronimo (2015). Geronimo Good or Bad? Most Filipino children glued to

teleseryes. Philippines.

 Alixandra Caole Vila (August 04, 2017) Kantar bares most-watched TV programs in

Philippines

 Bot Glorioso (2016) More secrets to be revealed in Probinsyano

38
 Appendix A

Archdiocese of Zamboanga
Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan School de Calarian
Upper Calarian Zamboanga City

November 15, 2017

Chleora H. Mas, Ed. D.

Dear Dr. Mas,

Greetings of Love and Peace!

The undersigned are Grade 12 students of ICAS de Calarian currently conducting a social
research entitled “Level of awareness of Grade Seven students of Immaculate
Conception Archdiocesan School de Calarian to MTRCB campaign for Rated SPG.” as
part of their requirements in Practical Research 2.

Anent to this the undersigned would like to ask your to allow us to gather data in form of
Interview to be answered by the student respondents. We hope that you could help us in this
undertaking.

Your approval of this permission will be highly appreciated. Thank you so much.

Respectfully yours, Noted by:

Ruffa Mae P. Murillo Dr. Rosario N. Yu

Joy Karen O. Sayadi Research Adviser

Keanne Therese I. Palomar

Rey-ann F. Gonzales

39
 Appendix B

Archdiocese of Zamboanga
Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan School de Calarian
Upper Calarian Zamboanga City

Dear Respondents,

Greetings of Love and Peace!

The undersigned are Grade 12 students of ICAS de Calarian currently conducting a social
research entitled “Level of awareness of Grade Seven students of Immaculate
Conception Archdiocesan School de Calarian to MTRCB campaign for Rated SPG.” as
part of their requirements in Practical Research 2.

The researchers would like to ask for your permission to answer the questions in the interview
that will be conducted by the researchers. The researchers are hoping that you could help in
this research study and promise to keep your answers confidentially.

Your approval of this permission will be highly appreciated.

Thank you and God bless!

Respectfully yours, Noted by:

Respectfully yours, Noted by:

Ruffa Mae P. Murillo Dr. Rosario N. Yu

Joy Karen O. Sayadi Research Adviser

Keanne Therese I. Palomar

Rey-ann F. Gonzales

40
 Appendix C

Archdiocese of Zamboanga
Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan School de Calarian
Upper Calarian Zamboanga City

Dear Respondent,

Our group is currently working on a research project entitled “Level of awareness of

Thank you very much,

The Researchers

Part I – Personal Profile

Name: (optional) Gender: Male Female

Economic Status

Parent’s monthly income:

21,000 above – Above Average

Do you own a television set? Yes No

PART II – Questionnaire
DIRECTIONS: Check the box that corresponds to your choice.

1. For you, what is Rated SPG? (Para sa iyo ano ang Rated SPG?)

41
2. Do you watch Rated SPG television shows? (Nanunuod ka ba ng mga palabas na Rated
SPG)
Always Sometimes Never
 What rated SPG television shows that you watch? (Anu-ano ang mga palabas na may
Rated SPG ang pinapanuod mo?)

3. Do you agree with your parents that watching Rated SPG shows can’t help you to learn new
things? (Ikaw ba ay sumasangayon sa iyong mga magulang na ang mga palabas na may
Rated SPG ay hindi nakakapagbigay ng bagong kaalaman?)
Always Sometimes Never
4. Do you watch Rated SPG shows when your parents are not around? (Nanunuod ka ba ng
mga palabas na may Rated SPG kapag ang mga magulang mo ay wala sa bahay?)
Always Sometimes Never
5. Do you watch Rated SPG shows because your parents don’t care about you watching it?
(Nanunuod ka ba ng mga palabas na may Rated SPG, dahil walang pakialam ang mga
magulang mo sa panunuod mo?)
Always Sometimes Never
6. Do you avoid watching Rated SPG shows because it is not good for you? (Iniiwasan mo ba
ang panunuod ng mga palabas na may Rated SPG, dahil hindi ito maganda para sa iyo?)
Always Sometimes Never
7. Do you watch Rated G shows to learn good things? (Nanunuod ka ba ng mga palabas na
may Rated G para may matutunang kang magagandang aral?)
Always Sometimes Never
8. Do you imitate the things that you see in Rated SPG shows? (Ginagaya mo ba ang mga
bagay na nakikita mo sa mga palabas na may Rated SPG?)
Always Sometimes Never
 If you do, what are those programs? (Anu-anong mga programa iyon?)

9. In watching Rated SPG shows do you learn desirable behavior? (Sa panunuod mo ng mga
palabas na may Rated SPG, ikaw ba ay nakaka kuha ng mga magagandang asal?)
Always Sometimes Never
 Can you mention some of these desirable behavior if there are? (Maaari mo bang
banggitin kung mayroon?)

Thank you very much.

42
 Appendix D

Name : Rey-ann F. Gonzales

Age : 17

Birth date : October 28, 2000

Address : Cawit, Zone 5, Zamboanga City

Contact no.: 09057945619

Educational Background

Elementary: Cawit Elementary School, Cawit, Zamboanga City

Junior High School: Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan School de Calarian, Upper

Calarian, Zamboanga City

43
Name : Ruffa Mae P. Murillo

Birth date : November 30, 1999

Age: 17

Address : 26IB, Upper Calarian, Zamboanga City

Contact no., 09365361130

Educational Background

Elementary: Southcom Elementary School, Upper Calarian, Zamboanga City

Junior High School: Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan School de Calarian, Upper

Calarian, Zamboanga City

44
Name : Joy Karen O. Sayadi

Birth date : November 13, 1997

Age: 19

Address : Salamat Village, San Roque, Zamboanga City

Contact no., 09276721454

Educational Background

Elementary: Southcom Elementary School, Upper Calarian, Zamboanga City

Junior High School: Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan School de Calarian, Upper

Calarian, Zamboanga City

45
Name : Therese Keanne I. Palomar

Birth date : November 14, 1998

Age: 19

Address : Suterville, Zamboanga City

Contact no., 09774954981

Educational Background

Elementary: Ebenezer Bible College and Seminary, Upper Calarian, Zamboanga City

Junior High School: Good Shepherd Mission School, Upper Calarian, Zamboanga City

46
Appendix E

47
48