Angono Private High School

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Binangonan, Rizal

SoapFast

In Partial Fulfilment of Requirements in

General Chemistry II
SY 2018-2019

Group Members:
Bautista, Joseph Rori
Benico, John Gohan
Dela Cruz, Jeanelle
Diestro, Laraine
Espera, Gieyan
Fernandez, Marie Kayl
Javier, Paul Hudson
Paderes, Gabriel
San Felipe, Joseph

Submitted to:
Ms. Jennifer Contreras

STEM 201
 SOAP MAKING
Soapfast
GENERAL CHEMISTRY II

ABSTRACT
This study is conducted to know how to produce soap with ingredients that have the
potential to kill bacteria and to produce fragrant smell. Indeed, it is essential for humans to keep
themselves healthy and maintain good hygiene. Generally, soaps are made and used to keep
every human being clean. In this process, pour and melt method is used in making the soap.
Orange Peels and Rosemary oil are the main ingredients for the soap. Researchers have studied
and done the process in order to have a qualified outcome. Results of the study claimed that there
are many benefits that humans can get from this soap.

KEYWORDS

Rosemary - Rosmarinus officinalis, commonly known as rosemary, is a woody,

perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue
flowers, native to the Mediterranean region.

Orange - orange is the fruit of the citrusspecies Citrus × sinensis in the family Rutaceae.
It is also called sweet orange, to distinguish it from the related Citrus × aurantium, referred to as
bitter orange.

Organic soap - Organic soap is a soap that is made with only organic materials. A lot of
the time organic and natural are used interchangeably and, for many, an all-natural soap is a great
alternative.

Regular soap - Regular soap tends to be less expensive than antibacterial soap and hand
sanitizers. Regular soap won't kill healthy bacteria on the skin's surface.

Itching - is an irritating sensation that makes you want to scratch your skin.

Aroma - distinctive, pervasive, and usually pleasant or savory smell.

 Melting – The action or process of liquefying due to heat.

Particles – a minute portion of matter.

Soap – a substance used with water for washing and cleaning and it is made of compound
of natural oils or fats.

Vitamin - an organic molecule that is an essential micronutrient that an organism needs

in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism.

Diseases - a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function
of part or all of an organism, and that is not due to any external injury.

Fatty acids – carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl
group, specially any of those occuring as esters in fats and oils.
INTRODUCTION

One of the key essential in maintaining a healthy lifestyle is to sanitize our human body
and one of the most common way of cleaning our body is with the use of soap. A soap is a
substance used for washing or cleaning, consisting of a mixture of sodium or potassium salts of
naturally occurring fatty acids. Like detergents, soaps work by surrounding particles of grease or
dirt with their molecules, thereby allowing them to be carried away. Also, some soap can be a
bacteria killer or a scented one that creates an amazing fragrant odor.

This study is conducted to know how to produce of a soap with an ingredient that has the
potential to kill bacteria and gives a fragrant smell. This study chooses Orange Peels and
Rosemary Oil as the ingredients due to their anti-inflammatory properties and good aroma.Doing
a soap with Rosemary Oil and Orange peels and have a vitamin that good is good for skins and
have a properties to kill a bacteria. A mint for extra freshness, relaxation and can release a stress.
By these ingredients it can help some people to use an organic soap instead using a regular soap
that has a substance of chemical that can lead to having a dryness of skin, itching, allergic
reaction, redness of the skin and other negative results of using a regular soap that none of us
want to experience. Also making a soap with a good aroma will help our citizens to reduce their
stress and calm themselves to have a good start of their day. This can result a positive vibe to
have good interactions with other people.

Rosemary oil is extracted from Rosmarinus officinalis (also known as Rosmarinus

coronarium) of the Labiatae family and is also known as incensier. Rosemary oil has a clear,
powerful refreshing herbal smell, is clear in color and watery in viscosity. Rosemary essential oil
also has antiseptic properties. Rosemary has been reported to decrease capillary permeability and
fragility. Extracts have been used in insect repellents. The antifungal and antimicrobial properties
of this oil make it ideal for use against lice or in conjunction with for a powerful natural way to
get rid of those stubborn lice and have all also been shown to be effective at preventing head lice.
OBJECTIVES
Our group choose melt and pour process because according to some research and
interview it is the easiest and best way to make a soap. In making a melt and pour process you
only need to do is melt, pour and add some of additives you want. You don't to wait for a long
period of time because it is ready to use once it is cool and hard. These are some of our
objectives:
• To create a soap made out of bacteria killing Ingredients.
• To make the soap produce a good fragrant smell that could calm the users.
• To proclaim the product with a lower price based on the price of the materials
• To create a successful soap and present it to the whole.

MELT AND POUR PROCESS

Melt - Melting, or fusion, is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance
from a solid to a liquid. This occurs when the internal energy of the solid increases, typically by
the application of heat or pressure, which increases the substance's temperature to the melting
point.

Pour-to send (a liquid, fluid, or anything in loose particles) flowing or falling, as from one
container to another, or into, over, or on something

Melt and pour soap is a great option for beginners. All you have to do is melt the
premade base, customize it with your favorite colors and scents, and pour into a mold. Once you
get the hang of the process, you can experiment with advanced techniques like layers and swirls.

Cold process soap is made by combining oils and sodium hydroxide lye. That causes a
chemical reaction called saponification. Melt and pour soap has already gone through that
process. That means you don’t have to handle lye, you can focus on the design, and you don’t
have to cure the soap – it’s ready to use as soon as it’s cool and hard.
 GLYCERIN SOAP

Glycerin soaps are soaps that contain glycerin, a

component of fat or oil. They are recognizably different from
other soaps because they are translucent. The clarity is due to
the alignment of the soap molecules, which can be induced
through the addition of alcohol and sugar. This is usually
done for homemade glycerin soaps that are not remeltable.

Glycerin soap is made by melting and continuously

heating soap that has been partially dissolved in a high percentage alcohol solution until the
mixture reaches a clear, jelly-like consistency. The alcohol is added to a slow cooked hot-
processed soap and then simmered with a sugar solution until the soap is clear or translucent, and
then the simmered soap is chilled in a freezer.

Glycerin soap are considered to be one of the most moisturizing types of soap. The
unique quality of this type of soap allows it to be both moisturizing and effective for all different
kinds of skin.

ADDITIVES

ROSEMARY OIL

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a small evergreen

plant that belongs to the mint family, which also includes the
herbs lavender, basil, myrtle and sage. Its leaves are commonly
used fresh or dried to flavor various dishes.

Rosemary has the scent that uplifting, enlightening and

strengthen our mental awareness. It’s scent also describe as a
refreshing herbal scent and penetrating herbal with hint of camphor. It is also used as a room
spray, in many cleaning products, shampoos, lotions and soaps.

Here are some properties of Rosemary oil  Antioxidant

 Anti-bacterial  Anti-spasmodic
 Analgesic  Decongestant
 Antidepressant  Digestive
 Antiseptic  Diuretic
 Astringent  Fungicidal
 Antimicrobial  Stimul

MINT

The mentha, or mint, family refers to a group of around 15 to

20 plant species, including peppermint and spearmint.

Mint has one of the highest antioxidant capacities of any food.

Learning how to use fresh herbs and spices such as mint to add
flavor when cooking can also help to cut down on sodium
intake.

Mint is a natural analgesic and antiseptic best known for its ability to help relieve skin
irritations. It boasts a host of nutrients like Vitamins A and C, two powerful antioxidants that
fight free radicals and inflammation, as well as B vitamins and folate, which help brighten
the complexion. As redness and minor irritations are reduced, skin is left toned and refreshed.

Benefits of Mint
 Brightens your skin  Antibacterial
 Treats acne
 Soothes irritation  Slows aging
 Hydrates your skin  Lightens and removes acne scars
ORANGE PEEL

The orange is the fruit of the citrus species Citrus ×

sinensis in the family Rutaceae. It is also called sweet
orange, to distinguish it from the related Citrus ×
aurantium, referred to as bitter orange. The sweet orange
reproduces asexually (apomixis through nucellar
embryony); varieties of sweet orange arise through
mutations.

Oranges have a high content of citric acid which aids in skin exfoliation and helps to dry
out acne, improving the overall look of your skin.Orange peel has a higher content of Vitamin C
than the orange itself, so grind orange peel and use as a body scrub in your daily beauty regime
for a healthy looking glow.

EXFOLIANTS

Substances that help peel off the dead

epidermis cell in our skin. Helps promote good
blood circulation in our skin. We use coffee as
our exfoliants. A coffee bean is a seed of the
coffee plant and the source for coffee. It is the
pit inside the red or purple fruit often referred to
as a cherry. Just like ordinary cherries, the
coffee fruit is also a so-called stone fruit. Even though the coffee beans are seeds, they
are referred to as "beans" because of their resemblance to true beans. The fruits – coffee
cherries or coffee berries – most commonly contain two stones with their flat sides
together. A small percentage of cherries contain a single seed, instead of the usual two.
This is called a "peaberry". The peaberry occurs only between 10 and 15% of the time,
and it is a fairly common (yet scientifically unproven) belief that they have more flavour
 than normal coffee beans.Like Brazil nuts (a seed) and white rice, coffee beans consist
mostly of endosperm.
Not only are coffee grounds ideal for making a natural and inexpensive
homemade body scrub, but they’re also effective without being harsh. Many of nature’s
exfoliating properties will slough and smooth skin but aren’t exactly gentle. Softer coffee
grounds naturally exfoliate dead skin and will leave it silky smooth sans irritation.

EQUIPMENT

CUTTING BOARD

Cutting board is a durable board on which to place

material for cutting. The most commonly cutting board is
kitchen cutting board used in preparing food; most of cutting
board are made of woods and plastics and come in various
widths and sizes. There are also cutting boards made of glass,
steel, or marble, which are easier to clean than wooden or
plastics ones such as nylon or corian,but tend to damage
knives due to their hardness.

SOAP MOLDS

Holds the liquefied soap in place in order for it to

take shape. Can provide unique forms or shape of the soap.
You can also use foil and shape it on the size and style you
want.

KNIFE

Is a tool with a cutting edge or blade attached to a handle.

Use knife to cut a soap base (glycerin) into small pieces to make a
soap base melt easy.
CONTAINER

is a deep bowl that is particularly well suited for

mixing ingredients together in. These come in many materials,
such as stainless steel, ceramic, glass, and plastic. Use this
bowl to put a pieces of glycerin and melt it in a microwave in
2-3 mins.

RUBBING ALCOHOL

According to Merriam-Webster, Rubbing alcohol is a cooling and

soothing liquid for external application that contains approximately 70 %
denatured ethanol or isopropanol. rubbing alcohol, isopropyl alcohol helps
to prevent soda ash on cold process soap, and helps layers stick together
when working with melt and pour.

DISCUSSION
Melt and pour soap is a great option for beginners. All you have to do is melt the
premade base, customize it with your favorite colors and scents, and pour into a mold. Once you
get the hang of the process, you can experiment with advanced techniques like layers and swirls.

Ingredients, Materials, and Equipment

 Soap base (glycerin)  Knife
 Rosemary oil  container
 Mint  Rubbing alcohol
 Orange(peel)  Metal whisk
 Exfoliants(coffee)
 Cutting board
 Soap mold
Procedure

1. Cut the melt and pour soap base into small pieces and place them in a container until
you've got the right amount that you want.
2. Put the container in a microwave or in top of a boiling water. Stir it and melt it.
3. While the soup is heating, put your chosen additives like rosemary oil, mint, coffee, and
orange peel.
4. After adding the ingredients needed, gently stir the melted soap to completely incorporate
the fragrance. Always remember that if you stir it too hard it creates bubbles in the soap.
5. Slowly pour the soap into the mold.
6. Carefully move the mold into safe place.
The soap should be hard enough to unmold in a few hours. If you really want to
see the results in just an hour . Put the mold in the refrigerator, but don't put it into the
freezer.

CONCLUSION

As the process of making the final product and has been done, we have observed some
things and also gathered some information about soap making. Our product is relevant and
helpful that many people wanted a soap which is not only for cosmetics or beautification, but
also for anti-bacterial, aromatic, and has many importance or effective functions in the body like
for its nutrients and vitamins that the product has in its component.

We, therefore, conclude that, our product is essential in killing bacteria, contains nutrients
for the skin, and can control skin damages or problems. Due to the proven effectiveness of juicy
fruits and rosemary that is vital to the skin, and together with its right amount of concentration,
the result or the product became a success. Also, the process and the materials used is organic,
affordable, and available in the market, so, we conclude that our product is just simple to make,
effective and worth trying for. With its fast result of effectiveness, it can ease such a simple
problem that we are encountering.
 LOGO

APPENDIX

The students need to cut the glycerin soap base into small pieces (make sure that the knife and
cutting board are cleaned)and place it in a clean container where it is ready to melt when it's done
cutting.
This picture shows that after stirring and melting the glycerin soap base in a microwave or in a
top of a boiling water. We add rosemary, mint, coffee and orange peel and gently stir it until its
meet the true features and texture of the soap.

After mixing a right amount of ingredients and following step by step procedure and a lot of
patience the results is totally amazing because imagine you can create a safe and affordable soap
on your own.
REFLECTION

Bautista, JosepRori

“I realized that this experiment gave us an idea on how the

soap can be made by having organic ingredients.We decided to
use the process Pour and Melt as it is the most common way of
creating soap. While choosing the materials or ingredients that
will be used, most of us recommend some comon ingredients like
lemon and calamnsi as it gives a beutiful fragrance ang it is
known for having a good effect on our skin. But when we conduct a research, we found out that
orange peels, mint, and rosemary can be used also an organic ingredients. They are not just
giving beautiful aromas but also a bacterie killing agents. While conducting our experiment, I
realized that making a soap is not that easy as it required an exact amount of every materials
especially the soap base which is the glycerin. I really enjoyed making a soap because I
experienced how entrepreneurs challenge themselves by creating a product that will give benefits
to everyone. Also, when I see the outcome, it really gave me a satisfactory feeling because
through our hardwork we created our own soap made out of organic materials or ingredients.”

Benico, Gohon

“In making of our Experiment which is making a soap.

First we conduct some research for the ingredients that we will
use for example we choose orange and rosemary because
rosemary and Orange have a different Components that have a
good effect to our skin. For example they are anti bacterial which
is one of the things that people looking when they are buying a
soap. On making of our experiment we apply the process of melting. Because melting is one of
the basic methods on making a soap.
Overall our soap was good. But during our experiment we encountered some problems. But we
overcome and fix that problem and finally we create a soap that is according to our plan called
SoapFast”

Dela Cruz, Jeanelle

“For me, this experiment will be helpful to us to have an

idea on how to make a soap and maybe on how we can make it as
a business in the near future. By cmaking it and learning some
information from it.By using the step-by-step procedure, we can
make it as perfectly as we can. We should have to apply the steps
properly, use the right amount of the materials or ingredients, etc.,
to make the right concentration and get the best result that we want.”

Diestro, Laraine

“I can conclude that through this research, making soap by

using organic ingredients would be very purposeful. Rather than
these being beneficial to the entrepreneurs, companies, customers,
and users, this kind of soap will generate benefits physically. This
rejuvinates the skin and shows the inner beauty that is revealed
when using the product. This is because of the materials used and ingredients processed
throughout the pour-and-melt procedure. Therefore, these soaps blend with beauty, health, and
satisfaction.”

Espera, Gieyan

“While we are making the soap, I have decided to make a

reflection as part of our paper. The soap that we made is a very
helpful soap for everyone because of its contents. Soap making is
not easy because it takes time to truly create a perfect soap, but with the help of my group mates
we have done it easily and as quick as possible. This helps me to have more knowledge about
how to create a soap in the process of pour and melt.”

Fernandez, Marie Kayl

“We as the makers of the soap, I’m sure that we have fun
in making soaps and it’s noticeable to my group mates. As an
individual I learned that we need to be careful and have patience
by doing this. It is not that hard but it is challengingthat need to
be careful when making a soap.We usedpour and melt process
because it is simplest process and it makes easy to make a soap.It
was successful as we plan.

This project tests our capability as a student to be flexible to other things.”

Javier, Paul Hudson

“In making a soap, we make a proposal paper that

includes the materials, ingredients, equipments and so on. Before
we make a soap, we research about on how to make it and the
base that we use is the glycerin to make a soap and we add in our
ingredients the rosemary and the orange as one of our main
ingredients because it has a good effect in our skin. We make our
soap by conducting an experiment and that experiment gives me an idea on how to make a soap.
I realized that when we are making the soap and the paper there is a hindrance but in the help of
unity and cooperation of everyone we have overcome the circumstances that we encountered.”
 Paderes, Gabriel

“In the process of soap making, there are many steps

involved in order to transform these materials into soap itself.
The most simple and the process we used is pour & melt. This is
just melting a soap base and then adding the essential oils or
whatever you use. After which you pour it into a mold and then
let it harden and take its shape. The expected outcome of the
experiment is that we won’t face any problems when the process has started. Even though it is
relatively easy on paper, the group must still practice the right conduct and still be careful in
handling the materials in order to achieve perfection.”

San Felipe, Joseph

“As we all known soap is very useful in terms of hygiene

and it also kill bacterias. Our teacher assigned us to create a soap
through the process of pour and melt. At first, we share some
ideas and thoughts about this proposal. Our teammates suggest
some common materials that already used in many products. Like
lemon and calamansi so as a student who wants to explore new
we come up to the new combination of materials like mint, rosemary and lemon peels. We also
decided to make a brand name of our soap namely SoapFast that can kill bacterias in fastest way.
In conducting experiment and making a soap, we first prepare all the materials needed. We also
conduct some research on how to create a soap using a pour and melt process. On the video it
looks like easy but when we do it, it is a challenging process because you need to get the exact
amount of every materials especially the soap base. By the way, the soap that we used is
glycerin(clear glycerin) when you mixed it. I enjoyed making a soap even if it's challenging and
the outcome is worth it because we have an antibacterial and odorous soap. It is challenging at
the first place, but you need to enjoy it and see the outcome.”
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Tes.(2017).”Rosemary Essential Oil Benefits”.Making Soap Naturally.

https://makingsoapnaturally.com/rosemary-essential-oil-benefits .Accessed 25 Feb.2019.

Yang, K.(2011).What’s In Your Skin Care? Peppermint Extract.

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