QUANTIFIERS

Small quantities Large quantities

MANY
Countable Nouns A FEW
A LOT OF
Uncountable MUCH
A LITTLE
Nouns A LOT OF

Examples:
▪ We didn’t spend MUCH money.
▪ We spend A LOT OF money.
▪ MANY people drive too fast.
▪ There aren’t A LOT OF tourists here.
▪ We have A LITTLE time before the train leaves.
▪ I have A FEW friends and we meet quite often.

Pay attention! ENOUGH is also a quantifier. It means “sufficient”.

Examples:
▪ I have ENOUGH happiness in this town.
▪ I don’t have ENOUGH money to buy this shirt.

EXERCISE: Complete the sentences with the correct quantifier:

1. We didn’t spend ___________________ money.

2. There was ___________________ traffic, so the journey didn’t take very long.

3. Sue drinks two bottles of tea every day. It’s ___________________ tea.

4. Ann is very busy these days. She has ___________________ free time.

5. I don’t have ___________________ money to buy tickets for Katy Perry’s concert.

6. Joe always puts ___________________ salt on his food.

7. We have to hurry. We don’t have ___________________ time left.

8. I don’t know ___________________ people in this town.

9. I can’t give you a decision yet. I need ___________________ time to think.

10. Do you mind if I ask you ___________________ questions?

11. __________________ people die every day in dangerous cities.

 QUESTION TAGS

Normally, we use a negative question tag after a positive sentence and a positive question tag
after a negative sentence.
In the question tag, we always have to use the same auxiliary/modal verb as in the sentence. If
there’s no auxiliary/modal verb in the sentence, we use a form of DO.
Examples:
▪ Katy will be here soon, won’t she? ▪ Amanda won’t be late, will she?
▪ There was a lot of traffic, wasn’t there? ▪ They like us, don’t they?
▪ Joe should pass the exam, shouldn’t he? ▪ You haven’t eaten yet, have you?

Pay attention! There are a few exceptions:

▪ After “Let’s…”, the question tag is “shall we”. Example: Let’s go for a walk, shall we?
▪ After “Don’t…”, the question tag is “will you”. Example: Don’t be late, will you?
▪ After “I’m…”, the question tag is “aren’t I”. Example: I’m right, aren’t I?

EXERCISE: Put a question tag on the end of these sentences:

1. Katy won’t be late, ______________________?

2. You’re tired, ______________________?

3. You travel a lot, ______________________?

4. You weren’t listening, ______________________?

5. Sarah doesn’t know Ann, ______________________?

6. Jack’s on holiday ______________________?

7. Katy has been to China before, ______________________?

8. You can speak German, ______________________?

9. They won’t mind if I take a photo, ______________________?

10. There are a lot of people there, ______________________?

11. Let’s go out tonight, ______________________?

12. This isn’t very interesting, ______________________?

13. I’m too impatient, ______________________?

14. You wouldn’t tell anyone, ______________________?

15. Ann has lived here for a long time, ______________________?

16. I shouldn’t have lost my temper, ______________________?

17. He’d never met her before, ______________________?

18. Don’t drop that vase, ______________________?
 FIRST CONDITIONAL

We use the first conditional to talk about a possible event and its result in the future.
We introduce the situation (if clause) with IF or UNLESS + PRESENT SIMPLE. We describe the
result (main clause) with WILL or WON'T + infinitive without to.
When the if clause is the first, we use a comma before the main clause. When the if clause comes
second, we don't need a comma.
Examples:
▪ If we go by bus, it will be cheaper.
▪ It will be cheaper if we go by bus.

Pay attention! We use UNLESS to say IF … NOT:

Examples:
▪ Unless we go by bus, it will be more expensive.
▪ It will be more expensive unless we go by bus.

EXERCISE: Complete the sentences to form the first conditional:

1. If I ______________ (go) out tonight, I ______________ (go) to the cinema.

2. I ______________ (be) angry if you ______________ (get) back late.

3. If we ______________ (not/see) each other tomorrow, we ______________ (do) it next week.

4. I ______________ (be) surprised if he ______________ (come).

5. If we ______________ (wait) here, we ______________ (be) late.

6. If the weather ______________ (not/improve), we ______________ (not/have) a picnic.

7. Unless you ______________ (start) now, you ______________ (not/reach) there in time.

8. You ______________ (fail) the test unless you ______________ (study).

EXERCISE: Complete the sentences with IF or UNLESS:

1. I will take the job _______________ the pay is too low.

2. I will be surprised _______________ he doesn’t have an accident soon.

3. I will be back tomorrow _______________ there is a plane strike.

4. Let’s go for a walk _______________ you are too tired.

5. I am going to work in the garden this afternoon _______________ it rains.

6. I think she would look prettier _______________ she didn’t wear so much make-up.

7. _______________ you don’t stop smoking, you will fall seriously ill.

8. _______________ I have enough time tomorrow, I will come and see you
 FUTURE CONTINUOUS

The future continuous predicts or describes an action which we think will be in progress at a specific
point in the future.
To form future continuous, we use WILL BE or WON’T BE + MAIN VERB in the -ING FORM.
Examples:
▪ Affirmative sentences: ▪ Questions:
I’ll be lying on the beach next week. Will you be lying on the beach next
I’ll be swimming in the sea next holiday. week?
Will you be swimming in the sea next
▪ Negative sentences: holiday?
I won’t be working tomorrow at 7 pm. Will you be working tomorrow at 7 pm?
He won’t be playing in the game Will Carlos be playing in the game on
tomorrow. Saturday?

EXERCISE: Complete the sentences with future continuous:

1. Don’t phone between 7 and 8 pm. We ____________________________ (have) dinner than.

2. Tomorrow we ____________________________ (play) tennis at 4 o’clock.

3. I can’t meet you in the afternoon because I ____________________________ (work).

4. If you need to contact me, I ____________________________ (stay) at the Lion Hotel.

EXERCISE: Write questions using the sentences from the exercise below:

1. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.

2. ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________.

3. ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________.

4. ___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________.
 CAN, COULD, BE ABLE TO

We use CAN and CAN’T to talk about abilities in the present.

We use COULD and COULDN’T to talk about abilities in the present.
We use WILL BE ABLE TO and WON’T BE ABLE TO to talk about abilities in the future.
Examples:
▪ Young people can join the school from the age of fourteen.
▪ People believed that girls couldn't play football as well as boys.
▪ If you study hard, you will be able to pass the exam.:

EXERCISE: Complete the sentences correctly:

1. In the future, we _____________________ do all our exams online.

2. At my last school, we _____________________ use tablets in class.

3. These days, many students _____________________ find their homework answers online.

4. In the past, students _____________________ use computers in class?

5. Turn the music down! I _____________________ study.

6. ____________ you hear the bell that is ringing now?