Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Department of Urology College of Medicine University of Florida
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Department of Urology College of Medicine University of Florida
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Department of Urology College of Medicine University of Florida
College of Medicine
(http://urology.ufl.edu)
Our Surgeons
Vincent G. Bird, MD
(http://urology.ufl.edu/about-us/faculty-
staff-directory/vincent-g-bird/)
Associate Professor
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Appointments
To schedule an appointment with one of our surgeons, please
contact the UF & Shands Medical Plaza Urology Clinic at 352
2658240. For more information, directions to the Medical Plaza
and local accommodations please visit: Maps and Locations
(http://urology.ufl.edu/samplepage/location/) & Appointments
(http://urology.ufl.edu/samplepage/appointments/).
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Prior to Surgery
Physical exam
EKG (electrocardiogram)
CBC (complete blood count)
PT / PTT (blood coagulation profile)
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (blood chemistry profile)
Urinalysis and Urine Culture
Aspirin, Motrin, Ibuprofen, Advil, Alka Seltzer, Vitamin E, Ticlid,
Coumadin, Lovenox, Celebrex, Voltaren, Vioxx, Plavix
A formal list of these medications and others will be provided to
you by our Surgery
The Surgery
PCNL is performed under general anesthesia with the patient
lying face down on their abdomen. Once anesthesia is
administered, your surgeon will perform cystoscopy (telescopic
examination of your bladder) and instill xray dye or carbon
dioxide into your kidney through a small catheter placed up
through the ureter or drainage tube of the affected kidney to
“map” the branches of the collecting system. This allows your
surgeon to precisely locate the stone within the kidney and place
a small needle through the skin under xray guidance to directly
access the stone.
This needle tract is dilated to approximately 1cm to allow
placement of a plastic sheath and telescope to directly visualize
the stone. Using an ultrasonic, mechanical or laser lithotripsy
device, the stone is fragmented into small pieces and extracted
out of the body through the sheath. On occasions, more than
one tract may be required to access and attempts removal of all
stones.
A small ureteral stent may be left draining the kidney to the
bladder in addition to a nephrostomy tube draining the kidney to
an external drainage bag at the end of the operation. The length
of the surgery is generally 34 hours.
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Postoperative pain: Following surgery, pain in the flank
area overlying your kidney is common for the first few
days, but well controlled with intravenous or oral pain
medication provided to you on request by your nurse.
Ureteral Stent: A ureteral stent is a small flexible plastic
internal tube that is placed to promote drainage of your
kidney down to the bladder. This will be removed in your
surgeon’s office in typically 12 weeks following surgery.
Diet: Your diet will be advanced slowly from clear liquids
to solid foods as tolerated over the first two days
following surgery. In addition, intravenous fluids will be
administered to keep your body well hydrated following
surgery. Most patients, however, will not regain their
appetite until they are discharged and at home.
Fatigue: Fatigue is common and should start to subside
in a few weeks to a month following surgery.
Physical Activity: On the evening of surgery it is very
important to get out of bed and begin walking with the
supervision of your nurse or family member to help
prevent blood clots from forming in your legs. You can
also expect to have SCD’s (sequential compression
devices) to prevent blood clots from forming in your legs.
During your hospital stay it is advised that you walk at
least 46 times in the hallways per day to minimize risks
of clots. The more walking you can tolerate the better.
Secondary Procedures: On occasions, a second PCNL
procedure may be required as a “second look” procedure
through the original nephrostomy tract to retrieve any
retained stone fragments. This procedure may be
performed during your hospitalization or at a second
surgery date as determined by your surgeon.
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What to Expect After Discharge from the
hospital
Pain Control: Mild pain at the nephrostomy tube site
may require pain medication, however, patients are
encouraged to transition to extra strength Tylenol as soon
as possible to avoid constipation and over sedation which
may occur as a result of narcotic pain medications.
Activity: Taking daily walks is advised to minimize blood
clots, called a deep vein thrombosis, from forming in your
legs. Prolonged sitting or lying in bed should be avoided.
Climbing stairs is possible, however, should be taken
slowly. Driving should be avoided for at least 12 weeks
after surgery and only after narcotic pain medications
have been stopped. After this time, activity can begin as
tolerated. You can expect to return to work as soon as 1
2 weeks following surgery or as instructed by your
physician.
Followup Appointment: A followup appointment will be
scheduled by your surgery team at the UF & Shands
Medical Plaza Urology Clinic prior to discharge from the
hospital or patients may also call 3522658240.
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Worsening pain over the ensuing days following PCNL. If
this pain continues to escalate despite the use of oral
pain medication, this may indicate obstruction of the
kidney from a large stone fragment lodged within the
ureter, hematoma around the kidney or infection of the
kidney.
Large amounts of blood clots in the urine that may lead to
difficulty with voiding and fully emptying the bladder.
Fevers >101o F may indicate a serious infection within the urinary
tract.
Nausea and vomiting
Chest pain or difficulty breathing
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