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Lecture 4 PDF

The document discusses object oriented programming concepts like visibility modifiers, memory allocation for objects, differences between primitive and reference types, garbage collection, accessing object members, static data members, and their definitions. Visibility modifiers like public, private, protected and default can be used differently for classes versus methods/fields. Memory is allocated for variable data only, while functions are shared. Reference types point to objects in memory unlike primitive types. Garbage collection reclaims unused memory from objects. Static class members are shared among all instances unlike non-static members.

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71 views16 pages

Lecture 4 PDF

The document discusses object oriented programming concepts like visibility modifiers, memory allocation for objects, differences between primitive and reference types, garbage collection, accessing object members, static data members, and their definitions. Visibility modifiers like public, private, protected and default can be used differently for classes versus methods/fields. Memory is allocated for variable data only, while functions are shared. Reference types point to objects in memory unlike primitive types. Garbage collection reclaims unused memory from objects. Static class members are shared among all instances unlike non-static members.

Uploaded by

basit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object

Oriented
Programming
LECTURE 04

5/12/2018 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 1


Visibility Modifiers

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Visibility Modifiers
✓ There are following visibility modifiers.
i. default
ii. public
iii. private
iv. protected
✓ For classes, we can use only default and public visibility modifiers. In other
words, for classes we cannot use private and protected visibility modifiers.
✓ For methods and data fields, we can use all visibility modifiers.
✓ We will discuss protected visibility modifiers later on in Inheritance topic

5/12/2018 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 3


Visibility Modifiers
✓ public visibility modifier for classes, methods, and data fields denote that they
can be accessed from any other classes in the same or any other package.
✓ default visibility modifier for classes, methods, and data fields denote that
they can be accessed from any other classes in the same package.
✓ The private modifier makes methods and data fields accessible only from
within its own class.

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Memory allocation for Object
✓ Function space is common for every object
✓ Whenever a new object is created:
◦ Memory is reserved for variables only
◦ Previously defined functions are used over and over again

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Differences between Variables of
Primitive Types and Reference Types

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Differences between Variables of
Primitive Types and Reference Types

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Differences between Variables of
Primitive Types and Reference Types

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Garbage and Garbage Collection
✓ As illustrated in Figure 9.9, after the assignment statement c1 = c2, c1 points
to the same object referenced by c2.
✓ The object previously referenced by c1 is no longer useful and therefore is
now known as garbage.
✓ Garbage occupies memory space, so the Java runtime system detects garbage
and automatically reclaims the space it occupies. This process is called
garbage collection.

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Accessing an Object’s Data and Methods
✓ An object’s member refers to its data fields and methods.
✓ After an object is created, its data can be accessed and its methods can be
invoked using the dot operator (.), also known as the object member access
operator:
✓ For example, myCircle.radius and myCircle.getArea()

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Static Data Member
✓ Normally each object of a class has its own copy of all the data members of
the class
✓ But if a data member of a class is static, then in this case, only one copy of a
variable should be shared by all objects of a class.
✓ Static variable is shared by all instances/objects and is not specific to any one
instance/object of the class.
✓ So static variable represents “class-wide” information i.e. Static variables are
class variables

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Static Data Member
Definition
“A variable that is part of a class, yet is not
part of an object of that class, is called
static data member”

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Static Data Member (Syntax)
✓Keyword static is used to make a data
member static

class ClassName{
…
static DataType VariableName;
};
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All done, time for Lunch!

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