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Inquiry and Research

This document discusses quantitative research methods. It describes the key characteristics of quantitative research, including the use of measurable variables, standardized data collection, and statistical analysis. The document also differentiates between experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental quantitative research designs. Finally, it defines different types of variables, including independent, dependent, intervening, and confounding variables.

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Zabby Reaves
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276 views11 pages

Inquiry and Research

This document discusses quantitative research methods. It describes the key characteristics of quantitative research, including the use of measurable variables, standardized data collection, and statistical analysis. The document also differentiates between experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental quantitative research designs. Finally, it defines different types of variables, including independent, dependent, intervening, and confounding variables.

Uploaded by

Zabby Reaves
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NATURE OF INQUIRY

AND RESEARCH
Characteristics of Quantitative Research
Kinds of Quantitative Research
Kinds of Variables
In today’s session, students are expected to
■ Describe the characteristics, strengths
and weaknesses of a quantitative
research
■ Enumerate, describe and differentiate the
kinds of quantitative research
■ Describe the nature of variables and its
kind
As a review:
■ What is Research?
■ What is a Quantitative Research?
■ Difference between Qualitative Research and
Quantitative Research
– Nature
– Approach
– Research Type
– Reasoning
– Sampling
– Data
– Objective
– Methods
Characteristics of Quantitative Research
1. Methods or procedures of data gathering includes measurable
characteristics of the population.
2. Standardized instrument guide for data collection to ensure
accuracy, reliability and validity of data.
3. Figures, tables or graphs showcase summarized data collected in
order to show trends, relationships or differences among variables.
4. Large population yields more reliable data, but the principles of
random sampling must be strictly followed to prevent researcher’s
bias.
5. Quantitative methods can be repeated to verify findings in another
setting to reinforce the validity of findings.
6. Quantitative research puts emphasis on proof rather than discovery.
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
- Quantitative research design is an excellent – Costly and time consuming
way of finalizing results and proving or – Must be carefully planned to ensure that
disproving a hypothesis. there is complete randomization and correct
- After statistical analysis of the results, a designation of control groups
comprehensive answer is reached. – Difficult, because it requires extensive
- Quantitative experiments also filter out statistical analysis
external factors, if properly designed, and so – The requirements for the successful
the results gained can be seen as real and statistical confirmation of results are very
unbiased. stringent, there is usually some ambiguity,
- Quantitative experiments are useful for which requires retesting and refinement to
testing the results gained by a series of the design. This means another investment
qualitative experiments, leading to a final of time and resources must be committed to
answer, and a narrowing down of possible fine-tune the results.
directions for follow up research to take.
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Experimental Non-Experimental
Research Research

Experimental Research
(True Experimental) Descriptive Research

Quasi-Experimental
Research Correlational Research
Determining Kinds of Research and Its Design
1. The Entrance Examination Results and Attendance in Review
Centers
2. Factors Affecting Teenagers Career Choice
3. The Effect of Meme-Based Ad on Brand Recognition
4. The Effect of Counselling and Medical Treatment on Alcoholism
5. The Effect of Support Groups on Smoking
6. Person’s willingness to buy an Eco-Friendly Products
7. Effectiveness on Antidrug Program on Senior High School Student’s
Attitude towards Illegal Drugs
8. Level of Acceptability of Farmers on New Farming Technology
What is Variable?
■ Any characteristics or quality that varies among members of
a particular group.
■ Is a measurable characteristics that varies. It may change
from one person to another, group to group or even within
one person over time.
■ Examples: Achievements, Age, Gender, Ideas, Intelligence

“HumSS students are interested on studying the effects of


positive reinforcement on students confidence in class.”
Types of Variable
■ Categorical Variable: a variable that varies on kind
■ Quantitative Variable: a variable that varies on amount or
degree

Identifying quantitative and categorical variable:


1. Relationship between English and Math grades
2. Counseling approach and Level of Anxiety
3. Gender and Occupation
4. Methods used in Teaching and Students Grade
Nature of Variables
1. Nominal Variables: represent categories that cannot be
ordered such gender, religious affiliations, marital status
2. Ordinal Variables: represent categories that can be ordered
such from greatest to smallest or vice versa, such as
educational attainment and level, social class, age, income
3. Interval Variables: have values that lie along an evenly
dispersed range of numbers. The difference between two
values is meaningful, e.g. temperature, year
“the difference between 10C and 20C is similar to the difference
between 3OC and 40C”
4. Ratio Variables: has all the properties of interval ratio, but
there is a condition of absolute zero (nothing). E.g. Height,
Weight,
Kinds of Variables
■ Independent Variable: can cause change in another variable;
■ Dependent Variable: the result or outcome of the influence of the independent variable
Example: Amount of studying affect test grades
■ Intervening or Mediating Variable: comes/stands in between the other variables, it helps
delineate or show the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
Example: Amount of studying develops long –term memory that affects test grades
■ Control Variable: is a variable that are held in constant; this variable can help determine the
true influence of independent variable on the dependent variable.
■ Confounding Variable: those that are not actually measured or observed in a study.
Researchers comment on the influence of this variable after the study completed, because
this variable may have operated to explain the relationship between IV and DV, but they were
not or could not easily be assessed
Example: Amount of Studying affect test grades
Subject could be a confounding variable

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