Smoking is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke breathed in to be
tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream. Most commonly the substance is the dried leaves of
the tobacco plant which have been rolled into a small square of rice paper to create a small, round
cylinder called a "cigarette". Smoking is primarily practiced as a route of
administration for recreational drug use because the combustion of the dried plant leaves vaporizes
and delivers active substances into the lungs where they are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream
and reach bodily tissue. In the case of cigarette smoking these substances are contained in a
mixture of aerosol particles and gasses and include the pharmacologically active alkaloid nicotine;
the vaporization creates heated aerosol and gas to form that allows inhalation and deep penetration
into the lungs where absorption into the bloodstream of the active substances occurs. In some
cultures, smoking is also carried out as a part of various rituals, where participants use it to help
induce trance-like states that, they believe, can lead them to spiritual enlightenment.
Smoking generally has negative health effects, because smoke inhalation inherently poses
challenges to various physiologic processes such as respiration. Diseases related to tobacco
smoking have been shown to kill approximately half of long-term smokers when compared to
average mortality rates faced by non-smokers. Smoking caused over five million deaths a year from
1990 to 2015.[1]
Smoking is one of the most common forms of recreational drug use. Tobacco smoking is the most
popular form, being practiced by over one billion people globally, of whom the majority are in
the developing countries.[2] Less common drugs for smoking include cannabis and opium. Some of
the substances are classified as hard narcotics, like heroin, but the use of these is very limited as
they are usually not commercially available. Cigarettes are primarily industrially manufactured but
also can be hand-rolled from loose tobacco and rolling paper. Other smoking implements
include pipes, cigars, bidis, hookahs, and bongs.
Smoking is known to be damaging to one’s health and can cause various cancers in the
body. Smoking at any age has negative effects, including for teenagers and young adults.
Teens are often exposed to images of celebrities smoking, which can make it seem cool,
even though there are many serious downsides to smoking. In some instances, the media
tries to make smoking look acceptable, which helps tobacco companies make sales. Teens
may be faced with peers who smoke or family members who smoke in their home. Being
bullied to start smoking is very possible, especially for those who are over 18, since it is
then legal to smoke cigarettes in the United States. If teens live with smokers, they are likely
exposed to second-hand smoke and all the health repercussions that come with it.
Until a spin-off in March 2008, Philip Morris International was an operating company of Altria Group.
Altria explained the spin-off, arguing PMI would have more "freedom" outside the constraints of US
corporate ownership in terms of potential litigation and legislative restrictions to "pursue sales growth
in emerging markets.", while Altria focuses on the United States.[4] The shareholders in Altria at the
time were given shares in PMI, which was listed on the London Stock Exchange and other markets.