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Fuel Supply System: Unit 1 B

The fuel supply system in a petrol engine consists of a fuel tank, fuel pipes, fuel pump, fuel filter, and carburetor. The fuel tank stores petrol which is pumped through fuel pipes by an electric fuel pump. A fuel filter cleans the fuel before it reaches the carburetor. The carburetor mixes the fuel with air and supplies this air-fuel mixture to the engine. In a diesel engine, the fuel injection system precisely meters and injects atomized fuel into each cylinder at the correct timing. It includes a fuel tank, transfer pump, filter, high-pressure injection pump, and injectors to supply pressurized fuel for combustion.

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Anubhav Singh
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2K views23 pages

Fuel Supply System: Unit 1 B

The fuel supply system in a petrol engine consists of a fuel tank, fuel pipes, fuel pump, fuel filter, and carburetor. The fuel tank stores petrol which is pumped through fuel pipes by an electric fuel pump. A fuel filter cleans the fuel before it reaches the carburetor. The carburetor mixes the fuel with air and supplies this air-fuel mixture to the engine. In a diesel engine, the fuel injection system precisely meters and injects atomized fuel into each cylinder at the correct timing. It includes a fuel tank, transfer pump, filter, high-pressure injection pump, and injectors to supply pressurized fuel for combustion.

Uploaded by

Anubhav Singh
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fuel supply system

Unit 1 b
SI Engine Fuel Supply System
SI Engine Fuel Supply System

This system in petrol engine mainly consists of below parts

I. Fuel Storage Tank and Fuel pipes


II. Fuel Pump
III. Fuel Filter
IV. Carburetor
 Fuel storage tank :-
•Store the fuel
• made from pressed steel and coated inside to prevent corrosion, or A
synthetic rubber compound or flame resistant plastic.

•Inside the fuel tank is normally located the fuel gauge sender unit and
electrically driven fuel pump with a primary filter
Fuel pipes:-
•These can be made from steel or plastic and are secured by clips at
several points along the underside of the vehicle.
•To allow for engine movement and vibration, rubber hoses connect the
pipes to the engine. Later fuel pipes use special connectors which require
special tools to disconnect the pipes.
 Fuel Pump:-

 Fuel lift pump is used when the level of the fuel tank is below
the carburettor
 A diaphragm type fuel pump is used in petrol engines as there is
no need of extra high pressure of fuel.
 The pressure falls in the pump chamber and so the fuel from the
fuel tank flows through the fuel inlet valve. Fuel inlet valve
closes at the return stroke as diaphragm spring forces the
diaphragm upwards, same time fuel outlet valve opens and thus
the fuel starts flowing from the pump to the carburetor.
One-way One-way
Inlet Valve Outlet Valve

Diaphragm

Driving Cam

76 Diaphragm Pump
 Fuel Filter:-
•To get rid of unwanted dirt, filters are used.
•In filters, paper elements, cloth elements, felt elements and the
combination of felt and cloth elements are used.
•A filter used to clean the air is known as air filter, to clean fuel, is known
as fuel filter, to clean lubricating oil, is known as oil filter

 Carburetor
•This is the device which mixes the fuel with air and supplies this
mixture to induction manifold of the petrol engine. The carburetor
controls the required quantity of fuel and breaks up into minute
globules for being mixed with the correct quantity of air.
Concept of Carburetion

 Carburation – process of atomzing & vaporization of liquid


hydrocarbon fuels

 Fuels like petrol, alcohol etc., vapourize slightly at atmospheric


conditions

 Apparatus used for vapourzing petrol is called carburettor

 Main functions of Carburation

 Maintain a small reserve of petrol under a constant head


 vapourize the petrol by means of engine suction, atomise it and
produce a homogeneous air-fuel mixture
 Supply required quantity of air and fuel mixture, according to the
varying requirements of the engine ( all speeds and loads)
Carburettor
Carburettor parts
Float chamber

 Fuel is pumps or flows by gravity into float chamber


 When the fuel reaches the proper height in the chamber , the
float rises sufficiently to cut off the flow
 Fuel level is maintained constant

Strainer
Filter the fuel before entering the float chamber

Venturi

When the air passes through venturi, it generates a low pressure


field across throat compare to pressure at float chamber. Due to
this pressure difference, fuel is discharge into the air stream.
Carburettor parts

Metering System:

 controls the flow of fuel into nozzle.


 responsible to form correct mixture of air fuel. It consist two main
parts, first one is known as metering orifice and other one is known
as fuel discharge nozzle.

Idling system

 consist a passage directly from the float chamber to venturi tube. It


provides rich mixture during idling and at low speed.

 It works during idling or when the throttle is open below 15%


Carburettor parts
Throttle valve
 It is a butterfly valve situated at the exit of the venturi tube.
 It controls the speed of the vehicle by providing control amount of mixture.
It controls the quantity of air fuel mixture.
 If throttle is fully opened, than more mixture drawn into cylinder and thus
gives high output.
But if it is little opened, less mixture is drawn into the cylinder, which
gives less power.

Choke valve
 It is same as throttle valve in construction but situated at the entrance of
venturi tube. It is used to provide very rich mixture during starting in cold
season. It controls the quantity of air flow through the venturi tube.
 If the choke is fully open, normal amount of air flow through venturi, which
forms a normal mixture.
 But if the choke is partially closed, it results low amount of air flow
through venturi and large amount of fuel flow through discharge nozzle. It
gives rich mixture.
Throttle operation
Different air + fuel mixture requirement

Thee stages
Idling - very less air- rich fuel mixture
Cruising – 50 % open – proper combustion takes place –
economical
High power range – max opened – max power – rich fuel
Fuel Supply System- CI Engine

Diesel fuel system the primary job of the diesel fuel system is
to inject precise amount of atomized and pressurized fuel in
to each engine cylinder at the precise time.
Requirements of an Injection system

 Accurate metering of the fuel injected per cycle


 Proper atomization of the fuel into very fine droplets
 Control of rate of injection
 Proper spray pattern to ensure quick mixing with the
air
 Sharp starting and stopping of the fuel injection
process
Types of Injection systems
1. Air Injection system
2. Solid Injection system

Air Injection system


 Air and fuel are supplied to a fuel valve where they are mixed and
supplied to the engine cylinder

Fuel is metered and pumped to the fuel valve by a fuel pump


driven by cam shaft. The fuel valve is opened by means
mechanical linkage operated by the cam shaft which controls the
timing of the fuel injection

A multi stage compressor supplies are at 60-70 bar to the fuel


valve . When the fuel valve is opened, the blast air sweeps fuel
and well atomized fuel spray is sent to the combustion chamber

Advantages
Good atomization and dispersion of fuel

Disadvantages
Additional multi stage compressor and mechanical linkages
increase engine weight, lowers mechanical efficiency , more prone
to troubles
Types of Injection systems
2. Solid Injection system

Also called airless mechanical or hydraulic injection system

A fuel pump is used supply high pressure fuel to an injector which injects a
fine spray of fuel to the compressed air in the combustion chamber

Air is sucked during the suction stroke

• Parts
I. Fuel Storage Tank and Fuel pipes
II. Fuel Transfer Pump
III. Fuel Filter
IV. Injection Pump
V. Injection Nozzles
Fuel feed pump

 The fuel feed pump is normally used on modern high-speed


diesel engines. It can be driven by either engine or battery voltage.
 The fuel feed pump can be located on the outside of the fuel tank
in the supply line, submerged within the fuel tank, or mounted
on the backside of the injection pump.
 The fuel pump pushes or draws the fuel through the filters where
the fuel is cleaned.
Fuel Injector
 Injection Pump
The primary function of the injection pump is to supply high-
pressure fuel for injection.
Several types of injection pumps are used on diesel engines. Each
has its own unique operating principles.

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