PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINERING STANDARD PAES 302: 2000

Foreword

The formulation of this National Standard was initiated by the Agricultural Machinery
Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC) under the project entitled "Enhancing the
Implementation of AFMA Through Improved Agricultural Engineering Standards" which
was funded by the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) of the Department of Agriculture
(DA).

This Standard was reviewed by the Technical Committee for Study 2 – Development of
Standards for Engineering Materials and was circulated to various private and government
agencies/organizations concerned for their comments and reactions. These standards were
presented to the Philippine Society of Agricultural Engineers (PSAE) and subjected to a
public hearing organized by the National Agriculture and Fisheries Council (NAFC). The
comments and reactions received during the presentation and public hearing were taken into
consideration in the finalization of the standards.

This Standard has been technically formulated in accordance with PNS 01:Part 4:1998 –
Rules for the Structure and Drafting of Philippine National Standard. It provides
specifications and proper application of drives using flat belts and does not cover
manufacturing specifications.

In the preparation of this standard, the following references were considered.

Baumeister, Theodore (ed.) 1997. Mark’s handbook for mechanical engineers. 10th Edition.
Mc Graw Hill Book Company, USA.

Carmichael, C. (ed.) 1950. Kent’s Mechanical engineer’s handbook. Design and production
volume. 12th Edition. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., USA.

Horton, H. L. (Ed.) 1984. Machinery’s handbook. 23rd Edition. Industrial press inc., New
York.

PNS 647:1990, Specification for pulleys for flat transmission belts

Shigley, Joseph, E. 1989. Mechanical engineering design. 3rd Edition. Mc Graw Hill Book
Company, USA.

Mitsuboshi Design Manuals

PHILIPPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARD PAES 302:2000
Engineering Materials – Flat Belts and Pulleys for Agricultural Machines –
Specifications and Applications

1 Scope

This Standard establishes specifications and provides technical information for the proper
application of flat belts and pulleys for drives in agricultural machinery.

2 Reference

The following normative references contains provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this Standard:

PAES 304:2000, Engineering Materials – Keys and Keyways for Agricultural Machines –
Specifications and Applications

3 Application

Flat belts are commonly used where center distances between pulleys are fairly long. They
are very flexible and can transmit power in quarter twist and crossed drives.

4 Definitions

4.1
flat belt
belts used to transmit rotary motion and power between two shafts, which lie flat on the face
of its corresponding pulley

4.2
flat belt pulley
wheel having flat or crowned face used to transmit motion and power by means of flat belts

4.3
flat belt drive
power transmission device used to transmit power and motion between two shafts consisting
of flat belts which ride in flat pulleys

4.4
pulley diameter
outside diameter of the pulley

4.5
belt length
stretched-out length of the belt
 PAES 302:2000

4.6
speed ratio
ratio of the angular velocities of the pulleys making no allowance for slip and creep

4.7
belt speed
the linear speed of the belt calculated by multiplying the rpm and the diameter of the driver
pulley and to the value of pi

5 Flat belts

5.1 Nomenclature

Dimensions of flat belts are designated by its width (W), and by its thickness (t).

5.2 Materials

Flat belts for agricultural machinery are usually made of rubberized cord and fabric and
reinforced nylon cords. Flat belts may be spliced to obtain the desired loop size or made as a
continuous loop. They can be arranged in layers or in plies.

5.3 Rubberized fabric

5.3.1 Description

Rubber belting is made from fabric or cord, impregnated and bound together by vulcanized
rubber compounds. Advantages are high tensile strength, strength to hold metal fasteners
satisfactorily and resistance to deterioration by moisture. Rubber belts are used in places
exposed to the weather or the action of steams.

5.3.2 Specifications

Table 1 specifies the power rating (in watts per millimeter of belt width) for rubber belts
given the number of ply and the types of rubber used while Table 2 specifies the minimum
recommended diameters for rubber belts. Minimum and maximum number of ply is
specified in Table 3.

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 PAES 302:2000

Table 1 – Power rating of rubber belts (watts per mm of belt width)

Belt Number of ply (Fabric belt) Number of ply (Hard fabric belt) Number of ply (Rayon cord belt)
speed,
m/min 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 6 7 8
152 21 26 35 41 47 53 21 29 38 44 50 56 62 68 47 62 76 91 106 120
305 41 56 68 82 94 106 44 59 73 88 103 117 132 147 91 120 150 18 211 241
2
457 62 82 10 120 138 156 65 88 109 132 153 173 194 214 135 179 223 27 314 358
0 0
610 79 106 13 159 182 206 85 114 144 173 203 232 261 288 176 235 297 35 414 476
2 5
762 97 129 16 194 226 255 103 138 173 208 244 279 311 343 214 288 361 43 511 584
1 5
914 114 153 19 229 264 299 120 161 203 244 285 326 364 402 252 338 426 51 599 687
1 4
1,219 144 191 23 282 329 373 150 200 250 299 349 399 449 499 311 426 537 64 763 875
8 9
1,524 164 217 27 323 376 429 170 229 288 343 399 455 511 567 352 487 619 75 890 1,022
0 5
1,829 176 232 28 343 399 455 182 244 202 261 420 479 537 596 373 523 675 82 975 1,127
8 5
2,134 179 238 267 355 414 470 526 581 361 523 690 84 1,013 1,174
8
2,438 161 214 264 314 364 414 464 514 314 481 652 81 989 1,157
9

Table 2 – Minimum pulley diameters for rubber belts (mm)

Belt Number of ply (Fabric belt) Number of ply (Hard fabric belt) Number of ply (Rayon cord belt)
speed,
m/min 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 6 7 8
152 102 102 152 229 330 457 76 102 127 152 254 356 457 559 127 178 229 330 406 483
305 102 127 178 254 356 483 76 102 152 203 305 406 508 610 152 203 254 406 432 508
457 102 152 229 279 406 533 76 127 178 254 381 432 533 635 178 229 279 381 457 559
610 102 152 254 330 432 559 102 127 203 279 381 457 559 660 178 229 305 406 483 584
762 127 178 254 356 457 584 102 152 203 279 381 483 584 686 203 254 330 406 508 584
914 127 178 279 381 483 635 102 152 229 305 406 508 635 711 203 279 330 432 533 610
1,219 127 203 305 406 533 635 102 178 254 330 432 533 635 737 229 305 381 457 559 635

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 PAES 302:2000

1,524 152 229 330 457 559 686 127 178 279 381 483 584 686 787 254 305 406 483 584 660
1,829 152 254 356 483 610 737 127 203 305 406 508 610 711 838 279 356 432 533 610 711
2,134 152 229 330 457 559 686 787 889 305 381 483 584 660 762
2,438 178 305 406 533 660 787 914 1,041 330 432 533 635 737 838

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 PAES 302:2000

Table 3 – Minimum and maximum plies of rubber belting

Width, Minimum Maximum number Minimum number Maximum
Width, mm
mm number of plies of plies of plies number of plies
51 3 4 406 5 8
76 3 4 457 5 8
102 3 5 508 5 8
127 4 5 559 5 8
152 4 6 607 5 8
203 4 6 660 6 8
254 4 6 762 6 10
305 4 6 914 6 10
356 5 8 1,067 6 10

5.4 Nylon cord belts

5.4.1 Description

Nylon cord belts are endless belts made with single ply high tensile cords. They are oil and
heat resistant. Their thin dimension allows them to be in smaller pulleys and with high-speed
drives.

5.4.2 Specifications

Tables 4, 5, and 6 specify the power rating of different types of nylon cord belts. Tables 7
and 8 specify the standard width and length of flat cord belts respectively.

Table 4 – Power rating of section light capacity nylon cord belts, W

rpm of Diameter of smaller pulley, mm
smaller
pulley 16 18 20 22 25 28 32 36 40 45 50
400 15 23 23 30 30 38 45 53 60 68 75
1,200 45 60 68 80 100 120 140 170 180 210 230
4,000 160 200 230 270 330 390 470 540 610 680 750
6,000 230 290 350 400 490 580 690 800 890 1,000 1,100
8,000 310 380 450 530 650 760 910 1,050 1,170 1,300 1,420
10,000 380 470 560 650 800 940 1,120 1,280 1,420 1,560 1,700
14,000 530 650 770 890 1,070 1,260 1,480 1,680 1,830 1,970 2,070
18,000 660 800 950 1,100 1,320 1,530 1,780 1,970 2,090 2,150 2,150
20,000 730 880 1,040 1,190 1,430 1,640 1,880 2,060 2,150 2,150 2,040

Table 5 – Power rating of section medium capacity nylon cord belts, W

rpm of Diameter of smaller pulley, mm
smaller
pulley 40 45 50 56 63 71 80 90 100
300 53 75 90 120 150 180 21 230 260
900 160 220 280 360 440 530 620 700 770
1,500 260 360 470 590 740 890 1,030 1,160 1,280
3,000 520 710 920 1,180 1,460 1,760 2,030 2,270 2,510
4,500 770 1,060 1,370 1,740 2,160 2,600 2,980 3,310 3,630
6,000 1,010 1,390 1,790 2,270 2,820 3,370 3,840 4,230 4,590
7,500 1,230 1,700 2,190 2,780 3,420 4,070 4,590 5,000 5,330
10,500 1,630 2,240 2,870 3,620 4,410 5,150 5,650 5,880 5,950
13,500 1,920 2,650 3,370 4,190 5,030 5,690 5,930
15,000 2,030 2,780 3,530 4,360 5,150 5,710
Table 6 – Power rating of section high capacity nylon cord belts, W

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 PAES 302:2000

rpm of Diameter of smaller pulley, mm

smaller
80 90 100 112 125 140 160 180 200
pulley
200 150 190 230 270 320 370 430 480 530
600 450 560 670 800 950 1,100 1,280 1,440 1,600
1,000 750 920 1,110 1,340 1,570 1,830 2,130 2,390 2,650
2,000 1,490 1,840 2,200 2,630 3,100 3,590 4,160 4,640 5,100
3,000 2,200 2,710 3,230 3,860 4,520 5,230 5,990 6,610 7,170
4,000 2,870 3,530 4,200 5,000 5,810 6,660 7,520 8,150 8,660
5,000 3,500 4,280 5,070 5,990 6,920 7,830 8,660 9,140 9,380

Table 7 – Width for nylon cord belts and min. allowable pulley diameter, mm
Min. allowable Recommendable
Belt cross section Thickness Width
diameter diameter
Light capacity 1.5 16 25 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50
Medium capacity 2.5 40 56 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100
Heavy capacity 3.5 80 125 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200

Table 8 – Belt lengths, mm

Inside Belt cross section Inside Belt cross section Inside Belt cross section
length Light Medium Heavy length Light Medium Heavy length Light Medium Heavy
200 * 670 * * 1,400 * * *
224 * 710 * * 1,500 * * *
250 * 750 * * 1,600 * * *
280 * 800 * * * 1,700 * * *
315 * 850 * * * 1,800 * * *
355 * 900 * * * 1,900 * * *
400 * 950 * * * 2,000 * * *
450 * 1,000 * * * 2,240 * *
500 * * 1,060 * * * 2,500 * *
530 * * 1,120 * * * 2,800 * *
560 * * 1,180 * * * 3,150 * *
600 * * 1,250 * * * 3,550 * *
630 * * 1,320 * * * 4,000 * *
* Indicates that such length is available.

5.5 Markings

5.5.1 The following information shall be marked on the belt:

1) Type of belt and its width (for endless nylon cord belts, length is indicated)
2) Manufacturer’s name and/or its trademark

5.5.2 The following information shall be marked on the packaging:

1) Type of belt and its width (for endless nylon cord belts, length is indicated)
2) Manufacturer’s name, trademark, and address

6 Flat-pulleys

6.1 Nomenclature

Figure 1 shows the designation of dimensions of pulleys.

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 PAES 302:2000

6.2 Classification

Pulleys shall be classified into solid and split, by construction and into crown and level by the
shape of external peripheral face (shown in Figure 1). Symbols indicating the classification
are as follows:

Solid – Sd Crown – C
Split – St Level – L

Solid Split Crowned Level

Where:
B is the pulley face width
h is the crown height
D is pulley diameter

Figure 1 – Classification and designation of dimensions of flat pulleys

6.3 Materials

Flat pulleys are usually made of cast iron or fabricated steel.

6.4 Specifications

6.4.1 Pulley face width, B is nominally the same as the width of the belts they are to carry.
However, allowances should be made to ensure that the belt stays in the pulley. Minimum
pulley diameters for rubber belts are given in Table 2. Allowances for pulley width for
different belt width are given in Table 9.

Table 9 – Allowances for pulley width

Belt width, mm Allowance, mm
Under 305 25
305 to 610 51
Over 610 76

6.4.2 Belts are made to center themselves in their pulleys by the use of crowned pulleys.
The usual figure for the amount of crowning (h), is one percent or the pulley width.

6.4.3 Dimensions of flat pulleys are specified in Table 10.