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Computer Architecture

This document provides an overview of computer architecture and organization. It defines architecture as the attributes visible to programmers, such as instruction sets and data representation. Organization refers to how these features are implemented in hardware. While architecture provides code compatibility, organization can differ between versions. The relationship between architecture and organization influences design decisions like RISC vs CISC. Structure relates to how components interact, while function is how individual components operate as part of the structure. The document then describes the functional view and operations of a basic computer system.

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Ghulam Dastgeer
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© © All Rights Reserved
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166 views

Computer Architecture

This document provides an overview of computer architecture and organization. It defines architecture as the attributes visible to programmers, such as instruction sets and data representation. Organization refers to how these features are implemented in hardware. While architecture provides code compatibility, organization can differ between versions. The relationship between architecture and organization influences design decisions like RISC vs CISC. Structure relates to how components interact, while function is how individual components operate as part of the structure. The document then describes the functional view and operations of a basic computer system.

Uploaded by

Ghulam Dastgeer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

CS353 – Computer Architecture

Najeeb-Ur-Rehman
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science
Faculty of Computing & IT
University of Gujrat
Architecture

Architecture is those attributes visible to the


programmer.
For example logical Attributes such as:
Instruction set, number of bits used for data
representation, I/O mechanisms, memory addressing
techniques.
e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
Organization

Organization is how features are implemented


These include hardware details such as:
Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.
Organizational decision is : “Is there a hardware
multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?”
The above decision may be implemented using
analysis of usage of mult instruction.
Architecture & Organization

 Differentiation between organization and architecture is


an important one.
 All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture
 The IBM System/370 family share the same basic
architecture
 This gives code compatibility
At least backwards
 Organization differs between different versions
 Changes in technology influence organization, and also
result in powerful new architectures.
Architecture & Organization

Organizational and Architectural design


decisions are inter-related.
The interplay between organizational and
architectural design decisions have resulted in
RISC and CISC types of architectures.
Structure & Function

Structure is the way in which components relate


to each other
Function is the operation of individual
components as part of the structure
Function

All computer functions are:


Data processing
Data storage
Data movement
Control
Functional view

Functional view of a computer


Data
Storage
Facility

Data
Control
Movement
Mechanism
Apparatus

Data
Processing
Facility
Operations (1)

Data movement
e.g. keyboard to screen
Data
Storage
Facility

Data
Control
Movement
Mechanism
Apparatus

Data
Processing
Facility
Operations (2)

Storage
e.g. Internet download to disk
Data
Storage
Facility

Data
Control
Movement
Mechanism
Apparatus

Data
Processing
Facility
Operation (3)

Processing from/to storage


e.g. updating bank statement
Data
Storage
Facility

Data
Control
Movement
Mechanism
Apparatus

Data
Processing
Facility
Operation (4)

Processing from storage to I/O


e.g. printing a bank statement
Data
Storage
Facility

Data
Control
Movement
Mechanism
Apparatus

Data
Processing
Facility
Structure - Top Level

Peripherals Computer

Central Main
Processing Memory
Unit

Computer
Systems
Interconnection

Input
Output
Communication
lines
Structure - The CPU

CPU

Computer Arithmetic
Registers and
I/O Logic Unit
System CPU
Bus
Internal CPU
Memory Interconnection

Control
Unit
Structure - The Control Unit

Control Unit

CPU
Sequencing
ALU Logic
Control
Internal
Unit
Bus
Control Unit
Registers Registers and
Decoders

Control
Memory
Internet Resources
- Web site for book

http://www.shore.net/~ws/COA5e.html
links to sites of interest
links to sites for courses that use the book
errata list for book
information on other books by W. Stallings
Internet Resources
- Web sites to look for

WWW Computer Architecture Home Page


CPU Info Center
ACM Special Interest Group on Computer
Architecture
IEEE Technical Committee on Computer
Architecture
Intel Technology Journal
Manufacturer’s sites
Intel, IBM, etc.
Internet Resources
- Usenet News Groups

comp.arch
comp.arch.arithmetic
comp.arch.storage

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