JAVA Means DURGASOFT

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 JAVA Means DURGASOFT

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 JAVA Means DURGASOFT

Arrays
 Arrays are used to represent group of elements as a single entity but these elements are
homogeneous &fixed size.
 The size of Array is fixed it means once we created Array it is not possible to increase and
decrease the size.
 Array in java is index based first element of the array stored at 0 index.
Advantages of array:-
 Instead of declaring individual variables we can declare group of elements by using array it
reduces length of the code.
 We can store the group of objects easily & we are able to retrieve the data easily.
 We can access the random elements present in the any location based on index.
 Array is able to hold reference variables of other types.

First element element at 5th position

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 index
Length is 9
Different ways to declare a Array:-
int[] values;
int []values;
int values[];
declaration& instantiation & initialization :-
Approach 1:- inta[]={10,20,30,40}; //declaring, instantiation, intialization
Approach 2:- int[] a=new int[100]; //declaring, instantiation
a[0]=10; //initialization
a[1]=20;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
a[99]=40;

// declares an array of integers

int[] anArray;
// allocates memory for 10 integers
anArray = new int[10];
// initialize first element
anArray[0] = 10;
// initialize second element
anArray[1] = 20;

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 JAVA Means DURGASOFT

// and so forth
anArray[2] = 30; anArray[3] = 40; anArray[4] = 50; anArray[5] = 60;
anArray[6] = 70; anArray[7] = 80; anArray[8] = 90; anArray[9] = 100;

Example :- taking array elements from dynamic input by using scanner class.
importjava.util.*;
class Test
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ int[] a=new int[5];
Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("enter values");
for (int i=0;i<a.length;i++)
{ System.out.println("enter "+i+" value");
a[i]=s.nextInt();
}
for (int a1:a)
{ System.out.println(a1);
}
}
}

Example :- find the sum of the array elements.

class Test
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ int[] a={10,20,30,40};
int sum=0;
for (int a1:a)
{ sum=sum+a1;

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}
System.out.println("Array Element sum is="+sum);
}
}

Method parameter is array & method return type is array:-

class Test
{ static void m1(int[] a) //method parameter is array
{ for (int a1:a)
{ System.out.println(a1);
}
}
staticint[] m2() //method return type is array
{ System.out.println("m1 method");
return new int[]{100,200,300};
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{ Test.m1(new int[]{10,20,30,40});
int[] x = Test.m2();
for (int x1:x)
{ System.out.println(x1);
}
}
}
Example:- adding the objects into Array and printing the objects.
class Test
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ int[] a = new int[5];
a[0]=111;
for (int a1:a)
{ System.out.println(a1);
}
Emp e1 = new Emp(111,"ratan");
Emp e2 = new Emp(222,"anu");
Emp e3 = new Emp(333,"sravya");
Emp[] e = new Emp[5];
e[0]=e1;
e[1]=e2;
e[2]=e3;
for (Empee:e)
{ System.out.println(ee); }
}
}
Output:-
E:\>java Test
111 0 0 0 0
Emp@530daa Emp@a62fc3 Emp@89ae9e null null
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 JAVA Means DURGASOFT

Example:- printing array elements with elements and default values.

class Test
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ Emp[] e = new Emp[5];
e[0]=new Emp(111,"ratan");
e[1]=new Emp(222,"anu");
e[2]=new Emp(333,"sravya");
for (Object ee:e)
{ if (eeinstanceofEmp)
{ Empeee = (Emp)ee;
System.out.println(eee.eid+"----"+eee.ename);
}
if (ee==null)
{ System.out.println(ee);
}
}
}
}
Output:-
E:\>java Test
111----ratan
222----anu
333----sravya
null
null
Finding minimum & maximum element of the array:-
class Test
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ int[] a = new int[]{10,20,5,70,4};
for (int a1:a)
{ System.out.println(a1);
}
//minimum element of the Array
int min=a[0];
for (int i=1;i<a.length;i++)
{ if (min>a[i])
{ min=a[i];
}
}
System.out.println("minimum value is ="+min);
//maximum element of the Array
int max=a[0];
for (int i=1;i<a.length;i++)
{ if (max<a[i])
{ max=a[i];
}
}
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System.out.println("maximum value is ="+max);

}
}

Example :- copy the data from one array to another array

class Test
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ int[] copyfrom={10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80};
int[] copyto = new int[7];
System.arraycopy(copyfrom,1,copyto,0,7);
for (intcc:copyto)
{ System.out.println(cc);
}
}
}
Example :- copy the data from one array to another array
class Test
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ int[] copyfrom={10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80};
int[] newarray=java.util.Arrays.copyOfRange(copyfrom,1,4);
for (intaa:newarray)
{ System.out.println(aa);//20 30 40
}
}
}

Example:- finding null index values.

class Test
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ String[] str= new String[5];
str[0]="ratan";
str[1]="anu";
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str[2]=null;
str[3]="sravya";
str[4]=null;
for (int i=0;i<str.length;i++)
{ if ( str[i]==null)
{ System.out.println(i);
}
}
}
}
Root structure:-
java.lang.Object
|
|--java.lang.reflect.Array
Array is a final class can’t be extended.

To get the class name of the array:-

class Test
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ int[] a={10,20,30};
System.out.println(a.getClass().getName());
}
}

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 JAVA Means DURGASOFT

Example:-process of adding different types Objects in Object array

Test.java:-
class Test
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ Object[] a= new Object[6];
a[0]=new Emp(111,"ratan");
a[1]=new Integer(10);
a[2]=new Student(1,"anu");
for (Object a1:a)
{ if (a1 instanceofEmp)
{ Emp e1 = (Emp)a1;
System.out.println(e1.eid+"---"+e1.ename);
}
if (a1 instanceof Student)
{ Student s1 = (Student)a1;
System.out.println(s1.sid+"---"+s1.sname);
}
if (a1 instanceof Integer)
{ System.out.println(a1);
}
if (a1==null)
{ System.out.println(a1);
}
}
}
}
Emp.java:
classEmp
{ inteid;
String ename;
Emp(inteid,Stringename)
{ //conversion of local to instance
this.eid=eid;
this.ename=ename;
}
}
Student.java:-
class Student
{ intsid;
String sname;
Student(intsid,Stringsname)
{ //conversion of local to instance
this.sid=sid;
this.sname=sname;
}
}
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 JAVA Means DURGASOFT

declaration of multi dimensional array:-

int[][] a;
int [][]a;
int a[][];
int []a[];
Example :-
class Test
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ int[][] a={{10,20,30},{40,50,60}};
System.out.println(a[0][0]);//10
System.out.println(a[1][0]);//40
System.out.println(a[1][1]);//50
}
} 0 1

10 20 30 10 20 30
0 1 2 0 1 2
a[0][0]------10 a[0][1]------20 a[0][2]-----30 a[1][0]-----40
a[1][1]-----50 a[1][2]-----60
Example:-
class Test
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ String[][] str={{"A.","B.","C."},{"ratan","ratan","ratan"}};
System.out.println(str[0][0]+str[1][0]);
System.out.println(str[0][1]+str[1][1]);
System.out.println(str[0][2]+str[1][2]);
}
}

Example :-febonacci series

importjava.util.Scanner;
class Test
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ System.out.println("enter start series of febonacci");
int x = new Scanner(System.in).nextInt();
int[] feb = new int[x];
feb[0]=0;
feb[1]=1;
for (int i=2;i<x;i++)
{ feb[i]=feb[i-1]+feb[i-2];
}
//print the data
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 JAVA Means DURGASOFT

for (int feb1 : feb)

{ System.out.print(" "+feb1);
}
}
}

Example :-febonacci series

importjava.util.Scanner;
class Test
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ System.out.println("enter the no required for febonacci");
int a = new Scanner(System.in).nextInt();

System.out.println("enter first no of febonacci");

int x = new Scanner(System.in).nextInt();
System.out.println("enter second no of febonacci");
int y = new Scanner(System.in).nextInt();

int[] feb = new int[a];

feb[0]=x;
feb[1]=y;
for (int i=2;i<a;i++)
{ feb[i]=feb[i-1]+feb[i-2];
}
//print the data
for (int feb1 : feb)
{ System.out.print(" "+feb1);
}
}
}
Pre-increment & post increment :-
Pre-increment :- it increases the value by 1 then it will execute statement.
Post-increment :-it executes the statement then it will increase value by 1.

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 JAVA Means DURGASOFT

class Test
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ //post increment
int a=10;
System.out.println(a); //10
System.out.println(a++); //10
System.out.println(a); //11
//pre increment
int b=20;
System.out.println(b); //20
System.out.println(++b); //21
System.out.println(b); //21
System.out.println(a++ + ++a + a++ + ++a);
//11 13 13 15
}
}
Pre-decrement &postdencrement :-
Pre-decrement :- it decreases the value by 1 then it will execute statement.
Post-decrement :-it executes the statement then it will increase value by 1.
class Test
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ //post decrement
int a=10;
System.out.println(a); //10
System.out.println(a--); //10
System.out.println(a); //9
//post decrement
int b=20;
System.out.println(b); //20
System.out.println(--b); //19
System.out.println(b); //19
System.out.println(a-- + --a + a-- + --a);
//9 7 7 5
}
}

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 JAVA Means DURGASOFT

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 JAVA Means DURGASOFT

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