Refrigeration Cycles & Components: Theory

REFRIGERATION CYCLES & COMPONENTS
Theory :
1. Understand the characteristics of conventional refrigeration cycles.
1.1 List the various conventional refrigeration cycles.
1.2 Mention advantages and disadvantages of vapor compression refrigeration cycles
1.3 Discuss the application of vapor compression refrigeration cycles.
1.4 Mention advantages and disadvantages of vapor absorption refrigeration cycles.
1.5 Discuss the application of vapor absorption refrigeration cycles.
1.6 Illustrate thermoelectric refrigeration system with its advantages & disadvantages.
2. Understand the characteristics of non- conventional refrigeration cycles.
2.1 List the various non- conventional refrigeration system.
2.2 State basic ice refrigeration & dry ice refrigeration method.
2.3 Describe evaporative refrigeration system with its application.
2.4 Describe air cycle refrigeration method.
2.5 Describe the working principle of steam jet refrigeration with its application.
2.6 Illustrate expendable refrigerant refrigeration with its application.
2.7 State eutectic plate refrigeration method.
3. Understand the characteristics of open and close cycle refrigeration.
3.1 state the meaning of open and close cycle.
3.2 Distinguish between open and close cycle refrigeration.
3.3 List the open and close cycle refrigeration.
3.4 Mention the advantages of close cycle refrigeration.
4. Understand the features of vapor compression and absorption refrigeration system
4.1 Describe operating principle of vapor compression refrigeration system.

4.2 Explain the operating principle of ammonia-water vapor absorption system.
4.3 Describe the working principle of water- lithium bromide absorption system.
4.4 Discuss the application of different absorption system.
4.5 Distinguish between water ammonia and lithium bromide absorption system.
4.6 Compare vapor compression and absorption system.
5. Understand the features of vapor compression refrigeration cycle components.
5.1 Mention the basic components of vapor compression refrigeration cycles.
5.2 Describe the types, construction and operation of compressors used in refrigeration cycles.
5.3 Mention the specific application of each type of compressor.
5.4 Explain bore, stroke, swept volume, clearance volume, total volume, compression ratio and capacity of
compressor.
5.5 Describe the types, construction , operation andapplication of each condenser.
5.6 Describe the types, construction and operation of automatic, thermostatic, low side float, high
sidefloat, orificeand thermoelectric expansion device.
5.7 Describe types, construction and operation and application of each evaporator.
6. Understand the accessories and auxiliaries of refrigeration cycles.
6.1 State the meaning of accessories and auxiliaries of refrigeration cycles.
6.2 List the important accessories used in refrigeration cycles.
6.3 List few numbers of auxiliaries used in refrigeration cycles.
6.4 Describe the function, construction and position in refrigeration cycle of the following accessories: strainer,
filter drier, accumulator, flush chamber, heat exchanger, pressure relief valve, service valve, receiver, oil
separator, liquid indicator, liquid moisture indicator, solenoid valve , reversing valve, check valve, bypass
valve, sight glass, safety valve, vibration eliminator , bypass regulator, fusible plug, purger etc.
6.5 Mention the function of auxiliaries of refrigeration system (auxiliary valve, auxiliary filter, auxiliary evaporator,
auxiliary pump, auxiliary heater etc).
7. Understand the characteristics of refrigerant.
7.1 Explain CFCs and the effect of CFCs on environment and alternative of CFCs.
7.2 Explain ODS, Ozone layer and global warming
7.3 Mention the ODP and GWP value of refrigerant.
7.4 Mention the meaning, composition with example of CFC, HCFC, HFC, HC and HCblend refrigerant .
7.5 Explain with example halocarbons, azeotropics , zeotropicsand natural refrigerant.
7.6 Explain saturation pressure-temperature table of refrigerant and its application.
8. Understand the characteristic of refrigerant oil.
8.1 Mention the different types of refrigerant oil.
8.2 Describe the properties of refrigerant oil.
8.3 Explain SAE viscosity number and ISO viscosity rating of refrigerant oil.
8.4 Mention the factors for selecting refrigerant oil.
8.5 Make a table of important refrigerant and refrigerant oil in present situation.
8.6 prepare a table of important refrigerant, types of refrigerant oil and ISO viscosity rating in present situation.
PRACTICAL:
1. Study the vapor compression refrigeration cycle:

a) Identify the components of refrigeration cycle.
b) Start the refrigeration cycle
c) Measure suction & discharge pressure
d) Observe temperature on discharge line, condenser, liquid line, suction line &evaporator.
e) Observe the effect of refrigeration cycle.
2. Study the thermo‐electric refrigeration system:

a) Observe the position of heating& cooling side of the thermoelectric system.
b) Start the system.
c) Measure ampere of the cycle.
d) Observe the temperature on cooling & heating element.
3. Study the evaporative refrigeration system:

a) Identify the components of evaporative refrigeration cycle.
b) Check the voltage & ampere rating of the unit.
c) Start the unit.
d) Measure room temperature & the grill temperature of the unit.
e) Check the performance of the unit.
4. Dismantle and identify all the major working parts of a open type reciprocating compressor:
a) Identify the external parts of the open type compressor.
b) Mark on the compressor head, valve plate & compressor body.
c) Dismantle the compressor.
d) Identify the internal parts of the compressor.
e) Observe the operation of the compressor.
f) Assemble the compressor parts.
5. Dismantle and identify all the major working parts of a rotary compressor:
a) Identify the external parts of the rotary type compressor.
b) Dismantle the compressor
c) Identify the internal parts of the compressor.
d) Observe the operation of the compressor.
e) Assemble the compressor parts.
6. Dismantle and identify all the major working parts of a scroll compressor:
a) Identify the external parts of the scroll compressor
b) Dismantle the compressor.
c) Identify the internal parts of the compressor.
d) Observe the operation of the compressor.
e) Assemble the compressor parts.
7. Dismantle and reassemble a thermostatic expansion valve and identify internal parts:
a) Identify the external parts of the thermostatic expansion valve.
b) Dismantle the thermostatic expansion valve
c) Identify the internal parts
d) Reassemble the TEV.
8. Dismantle and reassemble an automatic expansion valve and identify internal parts:
a) Identify the external parts of the automatic expansion valve.
b) Dismantle the automatic expansion valve.
c) Identify the internal parts.
d) Reassemble the expansion valve.
9. Identify the different refrigerants used in present situation by pressure temperature method.
a) Mark 1,2 &3 on three different refrigerant cylinder
b) Measure room temperature.
c) Measure the pressure of refrigerant cylinder 1,2 & 3.
e) Compare temperature pressure with the refrigerant temperature- pressure chart.
f) Decide the name of the refrigerant of cylinder 1,2 & 3.
10. Transfer refrigerant from storage cylinder to service cylinder:

a) Evacuate service cylinder
b) Measure weight of the service cylinder
c) Connect hose between storage & service cylinder.
d) Cool the service cylinder
e) Purge connected hose
f) Open the cylinder valve
g) Observe weight of the service cylinder for required amount of refrigerant.
h) Close the storage cylinder valve & service cylinder valve.
11. Recover CFC-12, HCFC-22 and HFC-134a from refrigeration system by passive method:
a) Cool the recovery cylinder by ice and water.
b) Observe the pressure of the refrigerant of the refrigerating unit to be recovered.
c) Connect charging hose with the recovery cylinder and the refrigerating unit to be recovered.
d) Cool the recovery cylinder & set on a weighing scale.
e) Open the valve of the refrigerating unit & purge the charging hose.
f) Open the cylinder valve
g) Observe the pressure & close the valve till the pressure stands.
h) Observe the weight & close the valves.
12. Recover CFC-12, HCFC-22 and HFC-134a from refrigeration system using active method:
a) Observe the pressure of the refrigerant of the refrigerating unit to be recovered.
c) Connect charging hose with the recovery machine, recovery cylinder and the refrigerating unit to be recovered.
d) Purge the connected hoses.
e) Open the cylinder valve & the refrigerating unit valve.
f) Start the recovery machine.
g) Observe the suction pressure & close the cylinder valve until the pressure at zero.
h) Stop the recovery machine.
13. Build up a refrigeration cycle with auxiliaries:
a) Plan draw a refrigeration cycle.
b) Put at least five auxiliaries in the drawing.
c) Select all appropriate auxiliaries.
d) Install compressor, condenser, expansion device and evaporator with all auxiliaries.
e) Perform leak test & evacuation,
f) Charge refrigerant for perfect cooling.

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REFRIGERATION CYCLES & COMPONENTS

4.1 Describe operating principle of vapor compression refrigeration system.

1. Study the vapor compression refrigeration cycle:

2. Study the thermo‐electric refrigeration system:

3. Study the evaporative refrigeration system:

10. Transfer refrigerant from storage cylinder to service cylinder:

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