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Commissioning and Testing of AVR and PSS

This document discusses commissioning and testing of excitation systems, including AVRs and PSSs. It outlines the life cycle management process for replacing excitation systems, which can take over two years. Key steps include project approvals, specifications, contracting, design, manufacturing, installation during an outage, and commissioning. AVR testing is a full-day process that validates the mathematical model and ensures performance standards are met. PSS functions improve stability but require proper tuning. Challenges during testing include peak hours, grid emergencies, other outages, shift changes, weak grid conditions, and plant limitations.

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Simion Cosmin - Alina
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895 views36 pages

Commissioning and Testing of AVR and PSS

This document discusses commissioning and testing of excitation systems, including AVRs and PSSs. It outlines the life cycle management process for replacing excitation systems, which can take over two years. Key steps include project approvals, specifications, contracting, design, manufacturing, installation during an outage, and commissioning. AVR testing is a full-day process that validates the mathematical model and ensures performance standards are met. PSS functions improve stability but require proper tuning. Challenges during testing include peak hours, grid emergencies, other outages, shift changes, weak grid conditions, and plant limitations.

Uploaded by

Simion Cosmin - Alina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 36

Commissioning

and Testing of
AVR and PSS
Excitation System Upgrade
and commissioning challenges

Vetti Bala | Principal C&I Engineer


GENESIS ENERGY LIMITED
Contents

Asset Testing - AVR


AVR routine testing requirements

Life Cycle Management


Excitation System Replacement
Related opportunities
PSS Function
Advantage of tuning PSS correctly

Challenges
AVR testing challenges

2. 15 DECEMBER 2017 Commissioning and testing of AVR and PSS


Asset Testing - AVR
What prompts for the testing

Analogue AVRs – 5 yearly cycle


Digital AVRs – 10 yearly cycle
Replacement of AVR (asset life cycle management)

• Life cycle management


• Improve reliability
• Archive compliance
• Protect asset with better limiter controls

3. 15 DECEMBER 2017
Excitation System
Replacement

4. 15 DECEMBER 2017
Excitation System Replacement
Challenges with life cycle management

Takes over two years to achieve it; justification, status of asset condition,
budget allocation, resources availability, etc..

• Key milestones replacement project


• Project approvals 2 year prior
• Technical spec ready / Tendering 6 - 12 months
• Contract award 9 months prior
• Design phase 6 months
• Build phase (inc FAT) 5 months
• Outage work 4 weeks
• Commissioning system 5 days
• AVR Testing 1 day

5. 15 DECEMBER 2017
Excitation System Replacement
First activity: prepare for Model building

Key information required for proposed model build; (in addition to technical spec)
• Generator parameters
• Gen Transformer parameters
• Grid info at the connection point

Possible sources for Model input data;


• PTI Reports
• ACS
• Previous commissioning data
• New equipment specification
• Injection point Grid data (from SO)

6. 15 DECEMBER 2017
Excitation System Replacement
Design and design approvals

Design Phase
• New system supplier system design
• Customer interface design (DCS or SCADA interface) control, etc..
• Grid requirements (dialogue with SO)

Design approval
• Owner’s requirements approval
• SO approvals for the proposed AVR settings (3 months)

7. 15 DECEMBER 2017
Excitation System Replacement
- Asset Life Cycle Management
AVR Cabinet
DC Exciter

Original DC exciter from 40’s • Analogue AVR installed over 25 years ago
coupled to the main shaft • Electronics drifting with ageing

8. 15 DECEMBER 2017
Excitation System Replacement
- Replacement digital excitation system

Digital AVR Cabinets

Excitation Transformer

9. 15 DECEMBER 2017
Excitation System Replacement
- Decommission old equipment
• Removal of exciter
• Removal of old AVR cabinets and cables

10. 15 DECEMBER 2017


Excitation System Replacement
Related activities

A replacement project brings other opportunities or requirements


• Unit ultimate over-speed protection replacement
• Carbone dust extraction system (if required)
• Removal of previously decommissioned equipment

11. 15 DECEMBER 2017


Morden Unit Over-speed Protection
- Unit Safety and Reliability issues
Original Mechanical Over-speed device
from 40’s

• Single centrifugal switch to shut down the Unit


• Moving parts, shown wear and tear issues
• Unreliable and hidden failure

12. 15 DECEMBER 2017


Morden Unit Over-speed Protection
- Replacement tooth wheel and pickup sensors

• Built in redundancy, 2 out of 3 electronic system


• Fail safe and monitored of any failures
• High level of reliability
• Ease of routine testing
13. 15 DECEMBER 2017
Excitation System Replacement
Related activities

• The consequence of exciter removal


• Re-check Unit Balance
• Re-check Unit Vibration

• New speed probes and tooth wheel commissioning


• Unit Start / Stop sequence - recommission
• Unit creep detection and shutdown - recommission
• Complete functional trip test of ultimate over-speed protection
by running the turbine to over-speed set point thresholds.

14. 15 DECEMBER 2017


Commissioning and
AVR Testing

15. 15 DECEMBER 2017


AVR Testing
Commissioning new system

Site acceptance test (owner’s requirements)


• Verify Local / Remote controls
• Functional trip test
• Demonstrate reactive power (MVAr) controls

16. 15 DECEMBER 2017


AVR Testing
From Asset testing companion guide

• Purpose of Test:
As stipulated in the ancillary services contract, testing is required to determine if the service meets the performance
standards. The system operator needs to ensure the integrity of the voltage-support ancillary-service provision by
issuing requirements to service providers for assessing the voltage support capability of their assets.
To ensure the asset complies with the performance standards outlined in ancillary services
contract
• Outcome:
The required outcome of AVR testing is to provide the system operator with a verified mathematical model that
describes the steady state and dynamic behaviour of the equipment. An accurate representation allows the system
operator to model interactions with the system and other generating stations, when subjected to disturbances on the
system, and thereby control the voltage stability of the system.
To validate the mathematical model

17. 15 DECEMBER 2017


AVR Testing
AVR Compliance testing

Intense AVR testing


• Model validation
• Test EIPC requirements
• Demonstrate reactive power support

18. 15 DECEMBER 2017


AVR Testing
Generator Capability Diagram with limiters

19. 15 DECEMBER 2017


AVR Testing
Demonstrate

• Exporting Reactive Power Capability: Minimum +50% MVAr


of +50% reactive power at the Grid injection point 220kV: 198kV to 242kV
of the maximum continuous MW capability in the
110kV: 99kV to 121kV
voltage range of -10% to +10%

• Importing Reactive Power Capability: Minimum -33%MVAr


of –33% reactive power at the Grid injection point 220kV: 209kV to 242kV
of the maximum continuous MW capability in the
110kV: 104.5kV to 121kV
voltage range of -5% to +10%

20. 15 DECEMBER 2017


AVR Testing
EIPC Testing requirements

• Offline from -10% to +10% of nominal voltage • Unsychronised


• Offline step responses • Unsychronised
• Online step responses at unity power factor • UPF
• Online step responses from under excited regions • UER
• Online step responses from over excited regions • OER
• Under excited limiter tests • UEL
• Over excited limiter tests • OEL
• Field voltage rise time Tests
• PSS Performance tests

21. 15 DECEMBER 2017


PSS – Power System Stabilizer

22. 15 DECEMBER 2017


PSS
Advantage of modern system with PSS and tuning it correctly

The PSS function improves the stability of the generator and the transmission system as
a whole by using the excitation to damp power oscillations

PSS is not very effective in low power range

• PSS is intended for the improvement of the damping of the electromechanical


oscillations by appropriate influencing the AVR control loop
• Increase the working range of the generators
• MW smoothing from hydraulic instability or spikes
• Reduce maintenance issues
Integrated PSS should be available with modern excitation system

23. 15 DECEMBER 2017


PSS
PSS
Advantage of PSS function

MW oscillation due to hydraulic instability “PSS On” smooths out MW oscillation

Rangipo
32. 15 DECEMBER 2017
AVR Testing
In summary

Testing is typically takes a full day and is a very intense activity


• External customers satisfied (Transpower)
• A dialogue is essential during the testing with SO to ensure the attained data is
acceptable by SO
• Ensure the dispatch is met by the new excitation system

• Internal customers satisfied (Genesis Ops)


• Ensure the PSS tuning and resultant unit behaviour is acceptable by the
operations
• Ensure the MVAr support is acceptable by the operations (the operational
regions generator capability)

33. 15 DECEMBER 2017


AVR Testing Challenges

34. 15 DECEMBER 2017


AVR Testing Challenges
Challenges during testing

• Peak hours
• Grid emergency
• Parallel activities (other major outages)
• Ops shift change
• Weak Grid
• Plant / hydrology limitations

35. 15 DECEMBER 2017


Thank you

GENESIS ENERGY LIMITED

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